Homily XXV.

Acts XI. 19

“Now they which were scattered abroad upon the persecution that rose about Stephen travelled as far as Phenice, and Cyprus, and Antioch, preaching the word to none but unto the Jews only.”

The persecution turned out to be no slight benefit as “to them that love God all things work together for good.” (Rom. viii. 28.) If they had made it their express study how best to establish the Church, they would have done no other thing than this—they dispersed the teachers.593    The narrative beginning with xi. 19, may be considered as a resumption of viii. 4, sq. where the preaching of Philip in Samaria is referred to the persecution at Jerusalem as its occasion. The dispersion of the disciples now becomes the means of a great extension of the Gospel and the founding of the first Gentile Church (at Antioch in Syria). This is the third great movement in the spread of early Christianity. The order is: (1) The preaching of Philip in Samaria, (2) The conversion of Cornelius and his company—the first Gentile additions to the church, (3) This mission which resulted in the founding of the church at Antioch. But at this time Divine Providence was preparing an agent who was destined soon to enter upon his great life work as the Christian missionary to the Gentile world, to prove the chief means of spreading the gospel throughout the Roman world—this was the former persecutor Saul, now transformed into the great apostle to the Gentiles. The conversion of Cornelius must have occurred about eight years after the ascension of Jesus. During this time the church had continued Jewish. But in this very period the conditions were preparing for the extension of Christianity to the Gentile world. Stephen had caught glimpses of the largeness of God’s truth and purposes. Peter had learned that God is no respecter of persons. The mother church at Jerusalem now finds that God’s grace has outrun all their former conception of its scope; consecrated and able men like Barnabas and Paul are rising up to labor in the line of the more comprehensive conception of Christianity’s method and purpose which is now dawning upon the consciousness of the church.—G.B.S. Mark in what quarters the preaching was extended. “They travelled,” it says, “as far as Phenice and Cyprus and Antioch; to none however did they preach the word but to Jews only.” Dost thou mark with what wise purposes of Providence so much was done in the case of Cornelius? This serves both to justify Christ, and to impeach the Jews. When Stephen was slain, when Paul was twice in danger, when the Apostles were scourged, then the Gentiles received the word, then the Samaritans. Which Paul also declares: “To you it was necessary that the Word of God should first be spoken; but since ye thrust it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy, lo, we turn unto the Gentiles.” (ch. xiii. 46.) Accordingly they went about, preaching to Gentiles also. “But some of them were men of Cyprus and Cyrene, who, when they were come to Antioch, spake unto the Greeks, preaching the Lord Jesus:” (v. 20.) for it is likely both that they could now speak Greek, and that there were such men in Antioch.594    While the textual evidence for the reading ῾Ελληνιστάς (v. 20.) predominates over that for the reading ῞Ελληνας (A. C.), yet the latter is the reading adopted by Meyer, Tischendorf, and most critics (not so, W. and H.) on grounds of internal evidence, such as: (1) That they should preach to Hellenists—men of Jewish nationality residing out of Judea—would be nothing noteworthy, since they had long been received into the Christian community. (2) The contrast between vv. 19 and 20 would be greatly weakened, if not lost, on the supposition that Hellenistic Jews were meant. If this view is correct, they now preached to the Greeks, the uncircumcised heathen, and the Antioch Church was founded and its reception into Christian fellowship approved by the mother church at Jerusalem. Antioch now became an important centre of Christian work, second only to Jerusalem. Here Paul labored a year, and from Antioch he went forth to his three great missionary journeys.—G.B.S. “And the hand of the Lord,” it says, “was with them,” that is, they wrought miracles; “and a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord.” (v. 21.) Do you mark why now also there was heed of miracles (namely) that they might believe? “Then tidings of these things came unto the ears of the church which was in Jerusalem: and they sent forth Barnabas, that he should go as far as Antioch.” (v. 22.) What may be the reason that, when such a city received the word, they did not come themselves? Because of the Jews. But they send Barnabas. However, it is no small part of the providential management even so that Paul comes to be there. It is both natural, and it is wisely ordered, that they are averse to him, and (so) that Voice of the Gospel, that Trumpet of heaven, is not shut up in Jerusalem. Do you mark how on all occasions, Christ turns their ill dispositions to needful account and for the benefit of the Church? Of their hatred to the man, He availed Himself for the building up of the Church. But observe this holy man—Barnabas, I mean—how he looked not to his own interests, but hasted to Tarsus. “Who, when he came, and had seen the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart, they would cleave unto the Lord. For he was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost, and of faith: and much people was added unto the Lord.” (v. 23, 24.) He was a very kind man, and single-hearted, and considerate (συγγνωμονικός). “Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus, for to seek Saul.” (v. 25.) He came to the athletic wrestler, the general (fit to lead armies), the champion of single combat, the lion—I am at a loss for words, say what I will—the hunting-dog, killer of lions, bull of strength, lamp of brightness, mouth sufficing for a world. “And when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch.” (v. 26.) Verily this is the reason why it was there they were appointed to be called Christians, because Paul there spent so long time! “And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the Church, and taught much people. And the disciples were first called Christians at Antioch.”595    The name Christians was probably given by the Gentiles. The word appears but twice, besides here, in the N.T. (Acts xxvi. 8; 1 Pet. iv. 16), and in both cases it is implied that the name was a name applied to the disciples of Jesus by others. The Jews could hardly have originated the name since Christ was to them but the Greek equivalent for their sacred name Messiah, and from that word they would not have formed a name for the hated sect. The Jews called them rather Nazarenes (Acts xxiv. 5). The Romans seem to have misunderstood the origin of the name, as Tacitus says: Auctor nominis ejus (Christiani) Christus, as if Christus was an appellative instead of a title.—G.B.S. No small matter of praise to that city! This is enough to make it a match for all, that for so long a time it had the benefit of that mouth, it first, and before all others: wherefore also it was there in the first place that men were accounted worthy of that name. Do you observe the benefit resulting (to that city) from Paul, to what a height that name, like a standard (σημεἵον), exalted it? Where three thousand, where five thousand, believed, where so great a multitude, nothing of the sort took place, but they were called “they596    ἀλλ᾽ οἱ τῆς ὁδοῦ μόνον ἤκουον, so Cat. Œcum. which we adopt. A.B.C. ἀλλ᾽ ὅτι, the modern text ἀλλ᾽ ἔτι. of the way:” here they were called Christians. “And in these days came prophets from Jerusalem unto Antioch.” (v. 27.) It was need that the fruit of alms should also be planted there. And see how of necessity (ἀναγκαίως) (it comes about that) none of the men of note becomes their teacher. They got for their teachers, men of Cyprus, and Cyrene, and Paul—though he indeed surpassed (the Apostles) themselves—since Paul also had for teachers Ananias and Barnabas. But597    ἀναγκαίως δὲ ἐνταῦθα, as above πῶς ἀναγκαίως. But in the mss. part of the text v. 28. being transposed, it reads “But here of necessity he says there will be a great dearth,” etc.—Below, Εἰ δἰ αὐτοὺς ἦν, πάντως ἔδει καὶ ὄντα παύσασθαι. Τί ἠδίκησαν ῞Ελληνες, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ τῶν κακῶν μετέχωσιν; εὐδοκιμῆσαι γὰρ αὐτοὺς μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν, ὅτι τὸ αὐτῶν ἐποίουν, κ. τ. λ. ᾽Αλλ᾽ εἰ διὰ τὰ κακὰ, φησίν, κ. τ. λ. So the old text in mss. and Cat. The meaning is obscure, but on the whole it seems most probable that all this is an interlocution of an objector. “If as you say, it was because of the Jews, assuredly it ought, even when it was there, to have ceased (and not gone on to the rest of the world). What harm had the Gentiles done, that they should share in the punishment? Why, they ought rather to have been distinguished by special marks of the Divine favor, because they were doing their part (in executing God’s judgments upon the Jews), were slaying, punishing. etc. Observe, too, the time when this visitation first came—precisely when the Gentiles were added to the Church. Whereas if, as you say, it was because of the evils the Jews inflicted upon the believers, these (the believers, Jews and Gentiles) ought to have been exempted,” etc. The modern text has: “But even if (ἀλλ᾽ εἰ καὶ) it were because of them, yet because of the rest (διὰ τοὺς ἄλλους) it ought, even when it was, to have ceased. For what harm had the Gentiles done, that even they, having done no harm, should have their share of the evils? But if not because of the Jews verily they ought rather to have been even marked objects of favor,” etc. Perhaps this was intended to mean: “Suppose it was inflicted by the demons, the Gods of the heathen, because of the Christians, why were the Gentiles included? And as for the Jews, if it was not, as I say, sent by God because of their wickedness, but as the heathen say, was a token of the anger of their Gods because of the new religion, why assuredly the Jews ought to have been marked objects of favor because they were doing all they could to exterminate the faith.” But if so, it does not appear how the next sentence, was understood, “And observe at what time,” etc. here of necessity (this was the case). “And there stood up one of them named Agabus, and signified by the spirit that there would be great dearth throughout the world, which also came to pass in the days of Claudius Cæsar.” (v. 28.) “By the Spirit,” it says: for, that they may not imagine that this was the reason why the famine came, (namely) because Christianity was come in, because the demons were departed, the Holy Ghost foretells it: this, however, was nothing wonderful, for in fact Christ predicted it. Not this was the reason, else this must have been the case from the beginning: but it was because of the evils done to the Apostles—and God had borne long with them; but, when they pressed upon them, a great famine ensues, betokening to the Jews the coming woes. “If it was because of them, in any wise it ought to have stopped (there), when it did exist. What harm had the Gentiles done, that they should have their share in the evils? They ought rather to have been marked as approved (εὐδοκιμἥσαι), because they were doing their part, were slaying, punishing, taking vengeance, persecuting on every side. And mark also at what time the famine comes: precisely when the Gentiles were thenceforth added to the Church. But if, as you say, it was because of the evils (done by the Jews), these ought to have been exempted.” How so? Christ, forestalling this objection, said, “Ye shall have tribulation.” (John xvi. 33.) (It is) just as if you should say, They ought not to have been scourged either. “Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren which dwelt in Judea.” (v. 29.) Mark how the famine becomes to them the means of salvation, an occasion of alms-giving, a harbinger of many blessing. And (so it might have been) to you, one may say, if you were so minded, but ye would not. But it is predicted, that they might be prepared beforehand for almsgiving. “Unto the brethren which dwelt in Judæa;” for they were enduring great hardships, but before this, they were not suffering from famine. “Which also they did, and sent it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.” (v. 30.) Do you mark them, that no sooner do they believe than they bring forth fruit, not only for their own but for those afar off? And Barnabas is sent and Saul, to minister (the same.) Of this occasion (᾽Ενταὕθα) he says (to the Galatians), “And James, Cephas, and John gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship, only” (they would) “that we should remember the poor.” (Gal. ii. 9.) James was yet living.598    ῎Ετι ᾽Ιάκωβος ἔζη. So, except E., all our mss.—Ben. finds it strange that this clause is added in some mss. “For what is it to the matter in hand, that James was yet living? And which James? For James the brother of John is mentioned presently afterwards, as slain with the sword: and James the brother of the Lord, Bishop of Jerusalem, is repeatedly mentioned as living, in the subsequent history. Then for what purpose should it be noticed here that he was alive? And yet why the copyists should add this clause, is not easy to see.” The copyists are not in fault. St. Chrys. (not fully reported) is identifying this visit to Jerusalem with the visit mentioned in Gal. ii. The mention there made (v. 9) of James, whom at the moment he takes to be James the brother of John (especially as he is named with Cephas and John), leads him to remark, “James was yet alive:” i.e. when Paul and Barnabas went up with the alms, and when this conference ensued. (Acts xi.) A similar inadvertency with respect to St. Philip has been noted above, p. 115, note 1—E. substitutes τοσοῦτον ὠφέλει ὁ λιμός. and connects the following sentence with this by reading Καὶ ὅρα αὐτοὺς, where the rest have ῾Ορᾷς αὐτοὺς, as if the θλῖψις here spoken of was the famine: which however had not yet begun. Hence Ben. Et vide illos ex fame, etc. In like manner the innovator has mistaken the connection below. See note 1, p. 165. In fact, the Recapitulation begins here.

“Now they which were scattered abroad upon the persecution,” etc. (Recapitulation.) Do you mark how even in the tribulation instead of falling to lamentations and tears, as we do, they give themselves up to a great and good work? “Travelled as far as Phenice, and Cyprus, and Antioch,” and there with more security preached the word. “And some of them, which were men of Cyprus and Cyrene,” etc. (v. 20.) And they did not say, “(What), we, Cyrenians and Cyprians, to attack this splendid and great city!” but trusting in the grace of God, they applied themselves to the work of teaching, nor did these (Gentiles) themselves think scorn to learn anything of them. Mark how by small means all is brought about: mark the preaching how it spreads: mark those in Jerusalem, having like care for all, holding the whole world as one house. “They heard that Samaria had received the word, and” (ch. viii. 14) to Samaria they send the Apostles: they heard what had befallen at Antioch, and to Antioch they send Barnabas: they also send again, and (these) prophets. For the distance was great, and it was not meet the Apostles at present should separate from thence, that they might not be thought to be fugitives, and to have fled from their own people. But then, almost precisely, is the time of their parting from Jerusalem, when the state (of the Jews) was shown to be past remedy, when the war was close at hand, and they must needs perish: when the sentence was made absolute. For, until Paul went to Rome, the Apostles were there (at Jerusalem). But they depart, not because afraid of the war—how should it be so?—seeing those they went to, were those that should bring the war: and moreover the war breaks out only after the Apostles were dead. For of them (the Apostles) says, “The wrath is come upon them unto the end.” (1 Thess. ii. 16.) The more insignificant the persons, the more illustrious the grace, working great results by small means.—“And599    Here Edd. from E. insert the formula of recapitulation, ἀλλ᾽ ἴδωμεν κ. τ. λ. he exhorted them to cleave unto the Lord, for he was a good man.” (v. 23, 24.) By “good man,” I take it, he means one that is kind, (χρηστὸν) sincere, exceedingly desirous of the salvation of his neighbors—“for he was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith. To600    Edd, from E.: “Wherefore also with purpose of heart he exhorted all: that is, with encomium and praise:” as if τῆ προθέσει τῆς καρδίας belonged to παρεκάλει, in the sense, “with heartfelt earnestness he exhorted.” cleave unto the Lord with purpose of heart” (this is said): with encomium and praise. “And much people was added unto the Lord:” for like rich land this city received the word, and brought forth much fruit. “Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus,” etc. (v. 25.) But why did he take him off from Tarsus and bring him here? Not without good reason; for here were both good hopes, and a greater city, and a great body of people. See how grace works all, not601    οὐ Παῦλον· διὰ μικρῶν ἀρχὴν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐλάμβανε. C. omits Παῦλον· διὰ, D. om. οὐ Παῦλον. Edd. from E., “not Paul: and how by the small means, the affair took its beginning, but when it became conspicuous, then they sent Barnabas. And why did they not send him before this? They took much forethought for their own people, and did not wish the Jews to accuse them because they received the Gentiles: and yet because of their inevitably mixing with them, since there was some questioning about to arise, the matters relating to Cornelius forestalled (this). Then indeed they say,” etc. Paul: by small means the affair was taking its commencement. When it is become difficult the Apostles take it up. Why did they not before this seen Barnabas? Because they had enough to do (ἠσχόληντο) with Jerusalem. Again they justified themselves602    The meaning seems to be, that they let the preaching to the Gentiles take its course at first; and were enabled to say to the Jews, “See, the Gentiles receive the word without encouragement from us: καὶ οὐ τοσαύτης ἀπολαύοντα ἐπιμελείας.” to the Jews, that the Gentiles were receiving (προσελάμβανε) the word, even without enjoying so great attention. There is about to be a questioning: therefore the affair of Cornelius forestalled it. Then indeed they say, “That we to the Gentiles, and they to the Circumcision.” (Gal. ii. 9.) Observe, henceforth the very stress of the famine introduces the fellowship on the part of the Gentiles, namely, from the alms. For they receive the offerings sent from them.

“Now603    The matter contained in this second recapitulation looks as if it were derived from a different, and in part fuller, report. The innovator as above (note 1, p. 164) connects it with the preceding: “they receive the offerings sent from them; who also, not as we,” etc. they which were scattered abroad,” etc. (v. 19) and not as we who pass our time in lamentations and tears, in our calamities; but with more fearlessness they passed their time, as having got to a distance from those hindering them, and as being among men not afraid of the Jews: which also helped. And they came to Cyprus, where they had the sea between them, and greater freedom from anxiety: so604    Καὶ οὐκ ἐλάλουν τὸν λὸγον εἰ μη ᾽Ιουδαίοις μόνοις· οὕτως τὸν μὲν τῶν ἀνθρώπων φόβον οὐδὲν ἡγοῦντο· τὸν δὲ τοῦ νόμου προετίμων. ᾽Ιουδαίοις μόνοις ἐλάλουν. For προετίμων, A. B. προσετίμουν. The passage is corrupt, but the sense is sufficiently plain, and is thus expressed by E. Edd. “Which thing itself helped not a little. But they came also to Cyprus, where was great fearlessness (ἀδεὲς), and greater freedom from anxiety. ‘But to none,’ it says, ‘did they speak the word save to Jews only.’ Not because of the fear of men, of which they made no account, did they this thing:” but keeping the law, and still bearing them, καὶ αὐτοὺς ἔτι διαβαστάζοντες.”—Below, v. 23, Edd. from E, “Perhaps by praising the multitude and receiving them, by this he converted more: as above, μετὰ ἐγκωμίου καὶ ἐπαίνου. they made no account of the fear of men, but (still) they gave the precedence to the regard of the Law: “they spake to Jews only. But there were in Antioch certain men of Cyprus and Cyrene:” these, of all others, least cared for the Jews: “who spake unto the Greeks, preaching the Lord Jesus.” (v. 20.) Probably it was because of their not knowing Hebrew, that they called them Greeks. And “when” Barnabas, it says, “came and had seen the grace of God,”—not the diligence of men—“he exhorted them to cleave unto the Lord” (v. 23): and by this he converted more. “And much people was added unto the Lord.” Why do they not write to Paul, but send Barnabas? They did not yet know the virtue of the man: but it is providentially ordered that Barnabas should come. As there was a multitude, and none to hinder, well might the faith grow, and above all because they had no trials to undergo. Paul also preaches, and is no longer compelled to flee. And it is well ordered, that not they speak of the famine, but the prophets. The men of Antioch also did not take it amiss that they sent not the Apostles, but were content with their teachers: so fervent were they all for the word. They did not wait for the famine to come, but before this they sent: “according as each had the ability.” And observe, among the Apostles, others are put in charge with this trust, but here Paul and Barnabas. For this was no small order (οἰκονομία) of Providence. Besides, it was the beginning, and it was not fit they should be offended.

“As each had the ability, they sent.” But now, none does this, although there is a famine more grievous than that. For the cases are not alike, for (all) to bear the calamity in common, and, while all (the rest) abound, for the poorer to be famishing. And the expression shows that the givers also were poor, for, it says, “as each of them had the means.” A twofold famine, even as the abundance is twofold: a severe famine, a famine not of hearing the word of the Lord, but of being nourished by alms.605    He means, There is no lack of wealth, no lack of hearing the word of God: this is the ἀφθονία διπλῆ. Yet many poor around us are famishing, and the rich who might aid them, starve their own souls, by their neglect of almsgiving: διπλοῦς λιμός. Then, both the poor in Judea enjoyed the benefit, and so did those in Antioch who gave their money; yea, these more than those: but now, both we and the poor are famishing: they being in lack of necessary sustenance, and we in luxurious living,606    ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐν σπατάλῃ τοῦ ἐλέους ὄντες τοῦ Θεοῦ. Read ἡμεῖς δὲ (ἐν σπατάλῃ ὅντες), τοῦ ἐλέους τοῦ Θεοῦ, sc. ἀποροῦντες. The mod. text substitutes σπάνει for σπάτάλῃ. lacking the mercy of God. But this is a food, than which nothing can be more necessary. This is not a food, from which one has to undergo the evils of repletion: not a food, of which the most part ends in the draught. (ἀφεδρὥνα.) Nothing more beauteous, nothing more healthful, than a soul nurtured by this food: it is set high above all disease, all pestilence, all indigestion and distemper: none shall be able to overcome it, (ἑλεἵν) but just as, if one’s body were made of adamant, no iron, nor anything else, would have power to hurt it, even so when the soul is firmly compact by almsgiving, nothing at all shall be able to overcome it. For say, what shall spoil this? Shall poverty? It cannot be, for it is laid up in the royal treasuries. But shall robber and housebreaker? Nay, those are walls which none shall be able to break through. But shall the worm? Nay, this treasure is set far above the reach of this mischief also. But shall envy and the evil eye? Nay, neither by these can it be overcome. But shall false accusations and plottings of evil? No, neither shall this be, for safe as in an asylum is this treasure. But it were a shame should I make it appear as if the advantages which belong to almsgiving were only these (the absence of these evils), and not (the presence of) their opposites. For in truth it is not merely that it is secure from ill-will; it also gets abundant blessing from those whom it benefits. For as the cruel and unmerciful not only have for enemies those whom they have injured, but those also who are not themselves hurt, partake the grief and join in the accusation: so those that have done great good have not only those who are benefited, but those also who are not themselves affected, to speak their praises. Again (that), it is secure from the attacks of the evil-disposed, and robbers, and housebreakers—what, is this all the good, or is it this—that besides the not suffering diminution, it grows also and increases into multitude? What more shameful than Nebuchadnezzar, what more foul, what more iniquitous? The man was impious; after tokens and signs without number he refused to come to his senses (ανενεγκεἵν), but cast the servants of God into a furnace: and (yet) after these doings, he worshipped. What then said the Prophet? “Wherefore,” saith he, “O king let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, ransom (λύτρωσαι) thy sins by alms, and thine iniquities by mercies to the poor: peradventure there shall be pardon for thy transgressions.” (Dan. iii. 27.) In so speaking, he said it not doubting, nay, with entire confidence, but wishing to put him in greater fear, and to make a stronger necessity of doing these things. For if he had spoken it as a thing unquestionable, the king would have been more supine: just as it is with us, we then most urge some person (whom we wish to persuade), when607    καθάπερ καὶ ἡμεις τότε μάλιστα ἀθοῦμέν τινας, ὅταν λέγωσιν ἡμῖν…καὶ μὴ ἐπαγάγωμεν, A. B. C. We read τινα, and ἐπαγάγωσιν. “When people bid us exhort some person, adding, Peradventure he will hear, not, He will certainly hear, we are then most urgent in our endeavor to persuade him.” The mod. text ὅταν λέγωμεν. i.e. “When we would induce some persons to exhort some one, we the more effectually urge them to do so, when we say, Peradventure he will hear,” etc. The sense would be improved by reading ἡμᾶς ώθοῦσί τινες, “persons then most urge us, when they say,” etc. they say to us, “Exhort such an one,” and do not add, “he will be sure to hear,” but only, “peradventure he will hear:” for by leaving it doubtful, the fear is made greater, and urges him the more. This is the reason why the Prophet did not make the thing certain to him. What sayest thou? For so great impieties shall there be pardon? Yes. There is no sin, which alms cannot cleanse, none, which alms cannot quench: all sin is beneath this: it is a medicine adapted for every wound. What worse than a publican? The very matter (ὑπόθεσις) (of his occupation) is altogether one of injustice: and yet Zaccheus washed away all these (sins). Mark how even Christ shows this, by the care taken to have a purse, and to bear the contributions put into it. And Paul also says, “Only that we remember the poor” (Gal. ii. 10): and everywhere the Scripture has much discourse concerning this matter. “The ransom,” it saith, “of a man’s soul is his own wealth” (Prov. xiii. 8): and with reason: for, saith (Christ), “if thou wouldest be perfect, sell what thou hast, and give to the poor, and come, follow Me.” (Matt. xix. 21.) This may well be part of perfection. But alms may be done not only by money, but by acts. For example: one may kindly stand (προστἥναι) by a person (to succor and defend him), one may reach to him a helping hand: the service rendered (προστασία) by acts has often done more good even than money. Let us set to work all the different kinds of almsgiving. Can you do alms by money? Be not slack. Can you by good offices? Say not, Because I have no money, this is nothing. This is a very great point: look upon it as if you had given gold. Can you do it by kind attentions (θεραπείας)? Do this also. For instance, if you be a physician, (give) your skill: for this also is a great matter. Can you by counsel? This (service) is much greater than all: this (alms) is better than all, or it is also more, by how much the gain it has is greater. For in so doing you put away not starvation, but a grievous death. (ch. iii. 6; vi. 4.) With such alms the Apostles above measure abounded: therefore it was that the distribution of money they put into the hands of those after them, themselves exhibiting the (mercy) shown by words. Or is it, think you, a small alms, to a lost, castaway soul, a soul in uttermost jeopardy, possessed by a burning fever (πυρώσεως), to be able to rid it of its disease? For example, do you see one possessed by love of money? Pity the man. Is he in danger of suffocation? Quench his fire. “What if he will not be persuaded?” Do your part, and be not remiss. Have you seen him in bonds?—for wealth is indeed bonds. (Matt. xxv. 35 ff.) Go to him, visit him, console him, try to release him of his bonds. If he refuse, he shall bear the blame himself. Have you seen him naked, and a stranger?—for he is indeed naked, and a stranger to heaven. Bring him to your own inn, clothe him with the garment of virtue, give him the city which is in heaven. “What if I myself be naked?” say you. Clothe also yourself first: if you know that you are naked, assuredly you know that you need to be clothed; if you know what sort of nakedness this is.608    εἰ ταύτης (mod. text adds μόνον) τῆς γυμνότητος ἐπίστασαι τὸν τρόπον: which might also be taken with the following sentence, If you know what sort of nakedness this is (why then, only think) what numbers of women, etc. A. has πόσαι οὖν. The mod. text adds, δυνήσῃ γνῶναι ῥαδίως καὶ τὴν αὐτῆς καταστολήν. “If you know the sort of nakedness this is, you will easily be able to know the (manner of) clothing it.” What numbers of women now wear silken apparel but are indeed naked of the garments of virtue! Let their husbands clothe these women. “But they will not admit those garments; they choose to have these.” Then do this also first: induce them to have a longing for those garments: show them that they are naked: speak to them of judgment to come: answer me,609    E. Edd. “Say, We need other (garments) there, not these.”—Below, θερους δὲ, οὐκ ἔτι: i.e. cold, not heat, makes the naked body shudder: not cold, but hell-fire, the naked soul. what is the clothing we shall need there? But if ye will bear with me, I also will show you this nakedness. He that is naked, when it is cold, shrinks and shudders, and stands there cowering, and with his arms folded: but in summer heat, not so. If then I shall prove to you that your rich men, and rich women, the more they put on, the more naked they are, do not take it amiss. How then, I ask you, when we raise the subject of hell-fire, and of the torments there? Do not these shrink and shudder more than those naked ones? Do they not bitterly groan and condemn themselves? What? when they come to this or that man, and say to him, Pray for me, do they not speak the same words as those (naked wretches)?

Now indeed, after all that we can say, the nakedness is not yet apparent: but it will be plain enough there. How, and in what way? When these silken garments and precious stones shall have perished, and it shall be only by the garments of virtue and of vice that all men are shown, when the poor shall be clad with exceeding glory, but the rich, naked and in disgraceful sort, shall be haled away to their punishments. What more naked (Edd. “more dainty”) than that rich man who arrayed himself in purple? What poorer than Lazarus? Then which of them uttered the words of beggars? which of them was in abundance? Say, if one should deck his house with abundance of tapestry hangings, and himself sit naked within, what were the benefit? So it is in the case of these women. Truly, the house of the soul, the body I mean, they hang round with plenty of garments: but the mistress of the house sits naked within. Lend me the eyes of the soul, and I will show you the soul’s nakedness. For what is the garment of the soul? Virtue, of course. And what its nakedness? Vice. For just as, if one were to strip any decent person, that person would be ashamed, and would shrink and cower out of sight; just so the soul, if we wish to see it, the soul which has not these garments, blushes for shame. How many women, think you, at this moment feel ashamed, and would fain sink to the very depth, as if seeking some sort of curtain, or screen, that they may not hear these words? But those who have no evil conscience, are exhilarated, rejoice, find delight, and gayly deck themselves (ἐγκαλλωπίζονται) with the things said. Hear concerning that blessed Thekla,610    In the “Acts of Paul and Thekla,” Grab. Spicileg. Patr. t. i. p. 95. reprinted with a translation by Jeremiah Jones, On the Canon of the N. T., vol. ii. p. 353 ff. the incident is thus related (ch. ii.): “When the proconsul heard this, he ordered Paul to be bound, and to be put in prison..…But Thekla, in the night taking off her earnings, gave them to the turnkey, and he opened for her the doors, and let her in: and having given to the keeper of the prison a silver mirror, she was admitted unto Paul, and having sat at his feet, heard from him the mighty works of God.” The earliest notice of this work occurs in Tertull. de Bapt. c. 17: Thekla is mentioned, or her history referred to, by other ancient writers, as St. Greg. Naz., Sulpic. Severus, St. Augustin; see Jones u. s. p. 387 ff. A Homily in her praise ascribed to St. Chrysostom, t. ii. p. 749, is justly placed by Savile among the ἀμφιβαλλόμενα. how, that she might see Paul, she gave even her gold: and thou wilt not give even a farthing that thou mayest see Christ: thou admirest what she did, but dost not emulate her. Hearest thou not that “Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy?” (Matt. v. 7.) What is the gain of your costly garments? how long shall we continue agape for this attire? Let us put on the glory of Christ: let us array ourselves with that beauty, that both here we may be praised, and there attain unto the eternal good things, by the grace and mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, with Whom, to the Father and the Holy Ghost together, be glory, dominion, honor, now and ever, world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΚΕʹ. Οἱ μὲν οὖν διασπαρέντες ἀπὸ τῆς θλίψεως τῆς γενο μένης ἐπὶ Στεφάνῳ, διῆλθον ἕως Φοινίκης καὶ Κύπρου καὶ Ἀντιοχείας, μηδενὶ λαλοῦντες τὸν λόγον, εἰ μὴ μόνον Ἰουδαίοις. αʹ. Οὐ μικρὸν ὁ διωγμὸς κατώρθωσεν εἰς τὸν λόγον. Τοῖς γὰρ ἀγαπῶσι τὸν Θεὸν πάντα συνεργεῖ, φησὶν, εἰς ἀγαθόν. Οὐκ ἂν, εἴ γε ἐπίτηδες ἐσπούδασαν στῆσαι τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν, ἄλλο τι ἐποίησαν, ἢ τοῦτο: λέγω δὲ τὸ διασπεῖραι τοὺς διδασκάλους. Καὶ ὅρα ποῦ τὸ κήρυγμα ἐξετάθη. Διῆλθον, φησὶν, ἕως Φοινίκης καὶ Κύπρου καὶ Ἀντιοχείας, μηδενὶ λαλοῦντες τὸν λόγον, εἰ μὴ μόνον Ἰουδαίοις. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οἰκονομικῶς πάντα γέγονε τὰ περὶ Κορνήλιον; Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ εἰς κατηγορίαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν. Ὅτε γοῦν Στέφανος ἀνῃρέθη, ὅτε Παῦλος δὶς ἐκινδύνευσεν, ὅτε οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἐμαστίχθησαν, ὅτε πολλάκις ἠλάθησαν, τότε τὰ ἔθνη ἐδέχθη, τότε Σαμαρεῖται. Ὃ καὶ Παῦλος βοᾷ λέγων: Ὑμῖν ἦν ἀναγκαῖον πρῶτον λαληθῆναι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀπωθεῖσθε αὐτὸν, καὶ οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτοὺς, ἰδοὺ στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη. Περιῄεισαν οὖν καὶ ἔθνεσι διαλεγόμενοι. Ἦσαν δέ τινες ἐξ αὐτῶν ἄνδρες Κύπριοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι, οἵτινες ἐλθόντες εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, ἐλάλουν πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστὰς, εὐαγγελιζόμενοι τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν. Καὶ ἦν χεὶρ Κυρίου μετ' αὐτῶν, πολύς τε ἀριθμὸς πιστεύσας ἐπέστρεψεν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν. Ὅρα, Ἕλλησιν εὐαγγελίζονται. Εἰκὸς γὰρ αὐτούς τε λοιπὸν εἰδέναι Ἑλληνιστὶ, καὶ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τοιούτους εἶναι πολλούς. Καὶ ἦν χεὶρ Κυρίου, φησὶ, μετ' αὐτῶν: τουτέστι, σημεῖα εἰργάζοντο. Ὁρᾷς διὰ τί καὶ νῦν ἡ τῶν σημείων ἀνάγκη γέγονεν, ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν; Ἠκούσθη δὲ ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ὦτα τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τῆς οὔσης ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις τὰ περὶ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐξαπέστειλαν Βαρνάβαν διελθεῖν ἕως Ἀντιοχείας. Τί δήποτε τοιαύτης πόλεως δεχομένης τὸν λόγον, οὐκ ἦλθον αὐτοὶ, ἀλλὰ Βαρνάβαν πέμπουσι; Διὰ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους. Πλὴν οὐ μικρὸν δή τι οἰκονομεῖται καὶ οὕτω τὸ τὸν Παῦλον ἐνταῦθα παραγενέσθαι: οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα οἰκονομικῶς αὐτὸν ἀποστρέφονται, ἵνα μὴ κατακλεισθῇ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ κηρύγματος, ἡ σάλπιγξ τῶν οὐρανῶν. Εἶδες πῶς πανταχοῦ ταῖς κακίαις αὐτῶν εἰς δέον, καὶ ὥσπερ ἐβούλετο ἄνωθεν, ἀπεχρήσατο ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ τῷ μίσει τῷ πρὸς τὸν Παῦλον εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τῆς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν Ἐκκλησίας; Ἀλλ' ἴδε καὶ τοῦτον τὸν ἅγιον, τὸν Βαρνάβαν λέγω, πῶς οὐ τὸ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν, ἀλλ' ἔδραμεν εἰς Ταρσόν. Ὃς παραγενόμενος, καὶ ἰδὼν τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐχάρη, καὶ παρεκάλει πάντας τῇ προθέσει τῆς καρδίας προσμένειν τῷ Κυρίῳ, ὅτι ἦν ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ πλήρης Πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ πίστεως. Καὶ προσετέθη ὄχλος ἱκανὸς τῷ Κυρίῳ. Ἐξῆλθε δὲ εἰς Ταρσὸν ὁ Βαρνάβας ἀναζητῆσαι Παῦλον, καὶ εὑρὼν ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν. Πολὺ χρηστὸς ἦν ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἀφελὴς καὶ τοῦ Παύλου συνήθης. Διὸ καὶ ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν ἀθλητὴν, ἐπὶ τὸν στρατηγὸν, ἐπὶ τὸν μονομάχον, ἐπὶ τὸν λέοντα: οὐκ ἔχω τί εἴπω: ὅσα γὰρ ἂν εἴπω, ἐλάττονα τῆς ἀξίας τοῦ Παύλου ἐρῶ. Ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν κύνα τὸν θηρατικὸν, τὸν λέοντας ἀναιροῦντα, ἐπὶ τὸν ταῦρον τὸν ἰσχυρὸν, ἐπὶ τὴν λαμπάδα τὴν φαιδρὰν, ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα τὸ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ ἀρκοῦν. Ὄντως διὰ τοῦτο ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ ἐχρηματίσθησαν καλεῖσθαι Χριστιανοὶ, ὅτι Παῦλος ἐν ταύτῃ τοσοῦτον διέτριψε χρόνον. Ἐγένετο δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐνιαυτὸν ὅλον συναχθῆναι ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, καὶ διδάξαι ὄχλον ἱκανὸν, χρηματίσαι τε πρῶτον ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τοὺς μαθητὰς Χριστιανούς. Οὐ μικρὸν τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἐγκώμιον. Τοῦτο πρὸς ἅπαντας στῆναι δύναται, ὅτι τοῦ στόματος ἐκείνου τοσοῦτον ἀπέλαυσε χρόνον πρώτη τῶν ἄλλων ἁπασῶν: ὅθεν καὶ πρώτως ἐνταῦθα τοῦ ὀνόματος ἠξιώθησαν. Ὁρᾷς εἰς ὅσον ὕψος ἐπῆρε τὴν πόλιν καὶ περιφανεστέραν ἐποίησε; Τοῦτο Παύλου κατόρθωμα. Ἔνθα τρισχίλιοι, ἔνθα πεντακισχίλιοι ἐπίστευσαν, ἔνθα τοσοῦτον πλῆθος, οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον γέγονεν, ἀλλ' ἔτι τῆς ὁδοῦ μόνον ἤκουον: ἐνταῦθα δὲ Χριστιανοὶ ὠνομάσθησαν. Ἐν ταύταις δὲ ἡμέραις κατῆλθον ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων προφῆται εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸν τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης ἐνταῦθα καρπὸν φυτευθῆναι ἔδει, συμφερόντως οἰκονομεῖται τοὺς προφήτας κατελθεῖν. Σὺ δέ μοι παρατήρει πῶς οὐδεὶς τῶν περιφανῶν καὶ τούτοις γίνεται διδάσκαλος: Κυπρίους γὰρ ἔσχον διδασκάλους καὶ Κυρηναίους, καὶ Παῦλον (εἰ καὶ οὗτος ὑπερέβαινεν αὐτοὺς), ὥσπερ Παῦλος Βαρνάβαν καὶ Ἀνανίαν: ἀλλ' οὐδὲν παρὰ τοῦτο ἠλάττωται: ἔσχε δὲ ὅμως καὶ τὸν Χριστόν. Ἀναστὰς δέ τις ἐξ αὐτῶν ὀνόματι Ἄγαβος, ἐσήμανε, λιμὸν μέγαν μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι ἐφ' ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην. Ὅστις καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος. Ἀναγκαίως ἐνταῦθα λιμὸν μέγαν μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι σημαίνει, ὃς δὴ καὶ ἐγένετο, καθὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ προεῤῥήθη. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσωσί τινες διὰ τοῦτο τὸν λιμὸν γεγονέναι, ὅτι Χριστιανισμὸς εἰσῆλθεν, ὅτι δαίμονες ἀπέστησαν, προλέγει τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ὃ μέλλει συμβαίνειν, ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς προεῖπε πολλὰ, καὶ ἐξέβη. Οὐ τοίνυν διὰ τοῦτο, ἐπεὶ ἔδει ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῦτο γενέσθαι, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰ κακὰ τὰ εἰς τοὺς ἀποστόλους γενόμενα: ὧν καὶ γενομένων, τέως ἐμακροθύμει ὁ Θεός: ὡς δὲ ἐνέκειντο, λιμὸς γίνεται, μηνύων τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τὰ ἐσόμενα κακά. Ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ δι' αὐτοὺς ἦν, διὰ τοὺς ἄλλους ἔδει καὶ ὄντα παύσασθαι. Τί γὰρ ἠδίκησαν Ἕλληνες, ἵνα καὶ μηδὲν ἀδικήσαντες αὐτοὶ τῶν κακῶν μετάσχωσιν; Εἰ δὲ μὴ διὰ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, καὶ εὐδοκιμῆσαι δὴ αὐτοὺς μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν, ὅτι τὸ αὐτῶν ἐποίουν, ὅτι ἀνῄρουν, ἐκόλαζον, ἐτιμωροῦντο, πάντοθεν ἐδίωκον. Καὶ θέα πότε γίνεται ὁ λιμός: ὅτε καὶ οἱ ἐθνικοὶ λοιπὸν προσεδέχθησαν. βʹ. Ἀλλὰ εἰ διὰ τὰ κακὰ, φησὶν, ἔδει τούτους ὑπεξαιρεθῆναι. Διὰ τί, εἰπέ μοι; οὐχὶ προλαβὼν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Χριστός: Ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ θλῖψιν ἕξετε; Σὺ δὲ ταῦτα λέγων, τάχα καὶ τοῦτο ἐρεῖς, ὅτι ἔδει μηδὲ μαστίζεσθαι. Ἀλλ' ὅρα αὐτοῖς γινόμενον καὶ τὸν λιμὸν σωτηρίας αἴτιον, ἐλεημοσύνης ἀφορμὴν, πολλῶν πρόξενον ἀγαθῶν: ὥστε καὶ ὑμῖν γέγονεν ἂν, εἴ γε ἐβούλεσθε, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἠθελήσατε. Προλέγεται δὲ, ὥστε λοιπὸν προπαρασκευασθῆναι πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην, ὅτι δεινὰ ἔπασχον οἱ ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ: πρὸ δὲ τούτου οὐκ ἐν λιμῷ ἦσαν. Καὶ πέμπεται Βαρνάβας καὶ Παῦλος διακονήσοντες. Τῶν δὲ μαθητῶν, καθὼς ηὐπορεῖτό τις. Εἶδες ἅμα πιστεύοντας, καὶ ἅμα καρποφοροῦντας, οὐ τοῖς αὐτῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς πόῤῥω; Τοῦτο δοκεῖ μοι ἐνταῦθα λέγειν, ὅπερ ἀλλαχοῦ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν, ὅτι Δεξιὰς ἔδωκαν ἐμοὶ καὶ Βαρνάβα κοινωνίας, μόνον ἵνα τῶν πτωχῶν μνημονεύωμεν. Τοσοῦτον ὠφέλησεν ὁ λιμός. Καὶ ὅρα αὐτοὺς οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ θλίψει εἰς θρήνους καὶ δάκρυα καταπίπτοντας, καθάπερ ἡμεῖς, ἀλλ' εἰς ἔργον μέγα καὶ ἀγαθὸν ἑαυτοὺς ἐκδιδόντας: μετὰ πλείονος γὰρ ἀδείας ἐκήρυττον τὸν λόγον. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπον: Ἡμεῖς Κυρηναῖοι καὶ Κύπριοι ὄντες, τοιαύτῃ ἐπιθώμεθα πόλει λαμπρᾷ καὶ μεγάλῃ: ἀλλὰ τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ πιστεύοντες, καὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἐπεχείρησαν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, καὶ οὗτοι οὐκ ἀπηξίωσαν παρ' ἐκείνων τι μαθεῖν. Ὅρα διὰ τῶν μικρῶν πάντα κατασκευαζόμενα, τὸ κήρυγμα αὐξανόμενον, τοὺς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις πάντων ὁμοίως φροντίζοντας, ὡς μίαν οἰκίαν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἔχοντας. Ἤκουσαν, ὅτι Σαμάρεια δέδεκται τὸν λόγον, καὶ ἔπεμψαν Πέτρον καὶ Ἰωάννην: ἤκουσαν τὰ εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, καὶ πέμπουσι Βαρνάβαν. Πολὺ γὰρ τὸ διάστημα ἦν, καὶ οὐκ ἔδει τοὺς ἀποστόλους τέως χωρισθῆναι, ἵνα μὴ νομισθῶσιν εἶναι φυγάδες, καὶ τοὺς αὐτῶν πεφευγέναι. Τότε δὲ ἀναγκαίως χωρίζονται, ὅτε λοιπὸν ἀνίατα ἔχειν ἐδόκει τὰ κατ' αὐτούς: ὅτε λοιπὸν ὁ πόλεμος ἐπέστη, καὶ ἀπολέσθαι ἔδει: ὅτε ἡ ἀπόφασις ἐξηνέχθη: ἐπεὶ ἕως Παῦλος εἰς Ῥώμην μὴ ἀνέβαινεν, ἐκεῖ ἦσαν. Ἐξέρχονται δὲ, οὐχὶ τὸν πόλεμον δεδοικότες: πῶς γὰρ, οἵ γε πρὸς τοὺς πολεμεῖν μέλλοντας ἀπῄεσαν; Καὶ ὁ πόλεμος δὲ γίνεται λοιπὸν τελευτησάντων τῶν ἀποστόλων, καὶ πέρας τὸ περὶ αὐτῶν ῥηθὲν λαμβάνει: Ἔφθασεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος. Ὅσῳ ἀσημότεροι οὖν ἦσαν, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον ἔλαμπεν ἡ χάρις, διὰ μικρῶν ἐργαζομένη μεγάλα. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν ἄνωθεν τὰ εἰρημένα. Παρεκάλει πᾶντας, φησὶ, προσμένειν τῷ Κυρίῳ, ὅτι ἦν ἀνὴρ ἀγαθός. Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ ἀγαθὸν νῦν τὸν ἀφελῆ λέγειν, τὸν ἄπλαστον, τὸν σφόδρα τῆς τῶν πλησίον ἐπιθυμοῦντα σωτηρίας. Οὐ μόνον δὲ ἦν ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλήρης Πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ πίστεως. Διὸ καὶ τῇ προθέσει τῆς καρδίας παρεκάλει πάντας: τουτέστι, μετὰ ἐγκωμίου καὶ ἐπαίνου. Καὶ σκόπει, πῶς καθάπερ γῆ λιπαρὰ τὸν λόγον ἐδέξατο ἡ πόλις αὕτη, καὶ πολὺν τὸν καρπὸν ἀπεδείξατο. Διὰ τί δὲ τῆς Ταρσοῦ αὐτὸν ἀπέστησεν ὁ Βαρνάβας καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἤγαγεν; Οὐχ ἁπλῶς: ἀλλ' ὅτι ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐλπίδες χρησταὶ, καὶ μείζων ἡ πόλις, καὶ πολὺ τὸ πλῆθος. Εἶδες πάντα τὴν χάριν ἐργαζομένην, οὐ Παῦλον: καὶ πῶς διὰ τῶν μικρῶν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἀρχὴν ἔλαβεν, ὅτε δὲ περιφανὲς γέγονε, τότε Βαρνάβαν πέμπουσι; Καὶ διὰ τί μὴ πρὸ τούτου ἔπεμψαν αὐτόν; Πολλὴν τῶν καθ' ἑαυτοὺς πρόνοιαν ἐποιοῦντο, καὶ οὐκ ἐβούλοντο ἐγκαλεῖν αὐτοῖς Ἰουδαίους, ὅτι προσελάμβανον τὰ ἔθνη: καίτοι διὰ τὸ ἀπαραιτήτως αὐτοῖς ἐπιμίγνυσθαι, ἐπεὶ ἔμελλέ τις ἀμφισβήτησις γίνεσθαι παρ' αὐτῶν, τὰ κατὰ Κορνήλιον προὔλαβε. Τότε γοῦν καὶ λέγουσιν: Ἵνα ἡμεῖς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, αὐτοὶ δὲ εἰς τὴν περιτομήν. Καὶ σκόπει, πῶς εὐκαίρως ἡ ἀνάγκη τοῦ λιμοῦ εἰσήγαγε τὴν κοινωνίαν τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν τὴν πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις πεμφθεῖσαν. Δέχονται γὰρ τὰ παρ' αὐτῶν, οἳ καὶ οὐ, καθάπερ ἡμεῖς ἐν θρήνοις τὰς συμφορὰς διάγομεν, οὕτω δήπου καὶ οὗτοι: ἀλλὰ μετὰ πλείονος ἀδείας διῆγον, ἅτε πόῤῥω γενόμενοι τῶν κωλυόντων αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὄντες οὐ πεφοβημένοις τοὺς Ἰουδαίους: ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ συνεβάλλετο οὐ μικρόν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς Κύπρον ἀφίκοντο, ὅπου πολὺ μὲν τὸ ἀδεὲς, πλείων δὲ ἡ ἀμεριμνία. Οὐδενὶ δὲ τὸν λόγον, φησὶν, εἰ μὴ Ἰουδαίοις ἐλάλουν. Οὐ διὰ τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων φόβον, ὃν οὐδὲν ἡγοῦντο, τοῦτο ἐποίουν: ἀλλὰ τὸν νόμον τηροῦντες, καὶ αὐτοὺς ἔτι διαβαστάζοντες. Ἦσαν δέ τινες ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ Κύπριοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι. Οὗτοι μάλιστα οὐκ ἐφρόντιζον Ἰουδαίων. Οἵτινες ἐλάλουν πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστὰς, εὐαγγελιζόμενοι τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν. Ἴσως διὰ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι Ἑβραϊστὶ, Ἕλληνας αὐτοὺς ἐκάλουν. Παραγενόμενος δὲ, φησὶ, Βαρνάβας, καὶ ἰδὼν τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ (οὐχὶ τὴν σπουδὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων), παρεκάλει αὐτοὺς προσμένειν τῷ Κυρίῳ. Τάχα τῷ ἐπαινεῖν τὸν ὄχλον καὶ ἀποδέχεσθαι, τούτῳ πλείους ἐπέστρεψε. Καὶ διὰ τί μὴ Παύλῳ γράφουσιν, ἀλλὰ Βαρνάβαν πέμπουσιν; Οὔπω τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ᾔδεσαν τὴν ἀρετήν: διὸ καὶ μόνον οἰκονομεῖται Βαρνάβαν παραγενέσθαι. Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ πλῆθος ἦν, καὶ οὐδεὶς ὁ κωλύων, εἰκότως ἐβλάστησεν ἡ πίστις, καὶ μάλιστα, ὅτι οὐδένα ἐνταῦθα ὑπέμειναν πειρασμὸν, καὶ ὅτι Παῦλος κηρύττει, καὶ οὐκ ἔτι ἀναγκάζεται φεύγειν. Καλῶς δὲ οὐκ αὐτοὶ περὶ τοῦ λιμοῦ λέγουσιν, ἀλλ' οἱ προφῆται, ἵνα μὴ φορτικοί τινες δόξωσι. Καὶ θαυμάζειν ἄξιον, πῶς οὐκ ἠγανάκτησαν ὡς ὑπεροφθέντες Ἀντιοχεῖς, ἀλλ' ἀρκοῦνται τοῖς διδασκάλοις: οὕτω πάντες ἔζεον πρὸς τὸν λόγον. Οἳ καὶ οὐδὲ περιέμειναν γενέσθαι τὸν λιμὸν, ἀλλὰ πρὸ τούτου ἔπεμψαν, Καθὼς ηὐπορεῖτό τις. γʹ. Καὶ ὅρα, ὅτι ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις ἕτεροι τοῦ ἐπιτρέπονται: ἐνταῦθα δὲ Παῦλος καὶ Βαρνάβας. Οὐ μικρὰ δὲ καὶ τοῦτο οἰκονομία ἦν ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἀρχὴ ἦν, καὶ τέως οὐκ ἔδει σκανδαλισθῆναι. Ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐδεὶς τοῦτο ποιεῖ, καίτοι λιμός ἐστι χαλεπώτερος ἐκείνου. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἴσον κοινῇ φέρειν τὴν συμφορὰν, καὶ πάντων ἐν ἀφθονίᾳ ὄντων, τοὺς πενεστέρους εἶναι ἐν λιμῷ. Τότε μόνον λιμὸς ἦν, καὶ οἱ δεδωκότες πένητες (Καθὼς ηὐπορεῖτο γάρ τις αὐτῶν, φησί): νῦν δὲ λιμὸς διπλοῦς, καθάπερ ἡ ἀφθονία διπλῆ, λιμὸς χαλεπὸς, λιμὸς οὐ τοῦ λόγον ἀκοῦσαι Κυρίου, ἀλλὰ τοῦ τραφῆναι δι' ἐλεημοσύνης. Τότε καὶ οἱ ἐν Ἰουδαίᾳ πένητες ἀπέλαυσαν, καὶ οἱ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ δόντες τὰ χρήματα, καὶ οὗτοι μᾶλλον ἐκείνων: νυνὶ δὲ καὶ ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ πένητες ἐν λιμῷ: οἱ μὲν τῆς ἀναγκαίας ἀποροῦντες τροφῆς, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐν σπάνει τοῦ ἐλέους ὄντες τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ταύτης δὲ τῆς τροφῆς οὐδὲν ἀναγκαιότερον γένοιτ' ἄν. Οὐκ ἔστιν ὑποστῆναι τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς πλησμονῆς κακά: οὐκ ἔστιν εἰς ἀφεδρῶνα προχωρῆσαι τὸ πλέον ταύτης τῆς τροφῆς. Οὐδὲν ὡραιότερον, οὐδὲν ὑγιεινότερον ψυχῆς οὕτω τρεφομένης: πάσης ἀνωτέρα ἕστηκε νόσου, παντὸς λιμοῦ, πάσης ἀνωμαλίας καὶ δυσκρασίας: οὐδεὶς αὐτὴν δυνήσεται ἑλεῖν: ἀλλὰ καθάπερ ἀδαμάντινον σῶμα οὐ σίδηρος πλῆξαι δύναται, οὐκ ἄλλο οὐδὲν, οὕτω καὶ ψυχὴν ἀπὸ ἐλεημοσύνης συμπεπηγυῖαν οὐδὲν ὅλως δυνήσεται ἑλεῖν. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, ταύτην χειρώσεταί ποτε; πενία; Οὐκ ἔστιν: ἐν γὰρ τοῖς βασιλικοῖς ἀπόκειται ταμείοις. Ἀλλὰ λῃστὴς καὶ τοιχωρύχος; Ἀλλ' ἐκείνους οὐδεὶς διορύξαι τοὺς τοίχους οἷός τε. Ἀλλὰ σκώληξ; Ἀλλὰ καὶ ταύτης ἀνώτερος τῆς λύμης οὗτος ὁ θησαυρός. Ἀλλὰ βασκανία καὶ φθόνος; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τούτοις ἁλίσκεται. Ἀλλὰ συκοφαντίαι καὶ ἐπιβουλαί; Οὐδὲ τοῦτο: ἄσυλος γὰρ ὁ θησαυρός. Ἀλλ' αἰσχρὸν εἰ ταῦτα ἐπιδείξω μόνα τῇ ἐλεημοσύνῃ προσόντα, οὐχὶ δὲ καὶ τἀναντία. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ βασκανίας ἀπήλλακται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὐλογίας ἀπολαύει πολλῆς καὶ παρὰ τῶν οὐκ εὖ πεπονθόντων. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ ὠμοὶ καὶ ἀπηνεῖς οὐ τοὺς ἠδικημένους ἔχουσιν ἐχθροὺς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς οὐδὲν παθόντας συναλγοῦντας αὐτοῖς καὶ κατηγοροῦντας: οὕτως οἱ μεγάλα ἐργασάμενοι καλὰ οὐχὶ τοὺς εὖ πεπονθότας μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς οὐδὲν παθόντας ἔχουσιν ἐπαινέτας. Τί λέγω βασκανίας; Καὶ ἐπιβουλευόντων ἀπήλλακται καὶ λῃστῶν καὶ τοιχωρύχων. Οὐ τοῦτο ἔχει μόνον τὸ καλὸν, ἀλλ' ἔτι πρὸς τῷ μὴ ἐλαττοῦσθαι καὶ αὔξεται καὶ εἰς πλῆθος ἐπιδίδωσι. Τί τοῦ Ναβουχοδονόσορ γέγονεν αἰσχρότερον; τί δυσειδέστερον; τί παρανομώτερον; Ἀσεβὴς ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἦν, μυρία τεκμήρια καὶ σημεῖα εἶδε, καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ἀνενεγκεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς τοῦ Θεοῦ δούλους εἰς κάμινον ἐνέβαλεν, εἰ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα προσεκύνησε. Τί οὖν ὁ προφήτης; Βασιλεῦ, ἡ βουλή μου ἀρεσάτω σοι: τὰς ἀνομίας σου ἐν ἐλεημοσύναις λύτρωσον, καὶ τὰς ἀνομίας σου ἐν οἰκτιρμοῖς πενήτων: ἴσως ἔσται συγγνώμη τοῖς παραπτώμασί σου. Τοῦτο οὕτως εἶπεν, οὐκ ἀμφιβάλλων (σφόδρα γὰρ ἦν πεπεισμένος), ἀλλὰ βουλόμενος αὐτὸν εἰς μείζονα ἐμβαλεῖν φόβον, καὶ πλείονα ἀνάγκην τοῦ ταῦτα ποιῆσαι. Εἰ γὰρ εἶπεν ὡμολογημένως, ὑπτιώτερος ἂν ἐγένετο ἐκεῖνος. Οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς τότε μάλιστα ὠθοῦμέν τινας, ὅταν λέγωμεν: Παρακάλεσον τὸν δεῖνα, καὶ μὴ ἐπαγάγωμεν, ὅτι πάντως ἀκούσεται, ἀλλ', ὅτι ἴσως ἀκούσεται: ὑπὸ γὰρ τῆς ἀμφισβητήσεως μείζων ὁ φόβος γενόμενος, μᾶλλον αὐτὸν ὠθεῖ. Διὰ τοῦτο δῆλον αὐτὸ οὐκ ἐποίησε. Τί λέγεις; τοσούτοις ἀσεβήμασιν ἔσται συγγνώμη; Ναί. Οὐκ ἔστιν ἁμάρτημα, ὃ μὴ δύναται καθαρίσαι ἐλεημοσύνη, ὃ μὴ δύναται σβέσαι: πᾶσα ἁμαρτία κατωτέρα ταύτης ἕστηκε: φάρμακόν ἐστι πρὸς πᾶν τραῦμα ἐπιτήδειον. Τί τελώνου χεῖρον; Πάσης ἀδικίας ἐστὶν ὑπόθεσις: ἀλλὰ ταύτην πᾶσαν ἀπενίψατο ὁ Ζακχαῖος. Ὅρα πῶς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦτο δείκνυσι, δι' ὧν ἐσπούδασε γλωσσόκομον ἔχειν, καὶ τὰ βαλλόμενα βαστάζειν. Καὶ Παῦλος δέ φησι: Μόνον τῶν πτωχῶν ἵνα μνημονεύωμεν: καὶ πολὺς πανταχοῦ τῶν Γραφῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πράγματος τούτου ὁ λόγος. Λύτρον ψυχῆς ἀνδρὸς, φησὶν, ὁ ἴδιος πλοῦτος: καὶ ὁ Χριστός: Εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι, πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, καὶ δὸς πτωχοῖς, καὶ δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει μοι. Τοῦτο τελειότης εἰκότως. Ἐλεημοσύνη δὲ οὐκ ἐν χρήμασι γίνεται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν πράγμασιν. Οἷόν τι λέγω: Ἔστι καὶ προστῆναι, ἔστι καὶ χεῖρα ὀρέξαι: πολλάκις καὶ χρημάτων μειζόνως ἔσωσεν ἡ διὰ πραγμάτων προστασία. δʹ. Οὐκοῦν φέρε πάντα κινήσωμεν ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος τὰ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης εἴδη. Δύνασαι διὰ χρημάτων; Μὴ ὄκνει. Δύνασαι διὰ προστασίας; Μὴ εἴπῃς, ἐπειδὴ χρήματα οὐκ ἔστι, τοῦτο οὐδέν ἐστι. Σφόδρα καὶ τοῦτο μέγα: ὥσπερ χρυσίον δεδωκὼς, οὕτω διάκεισο. Δύνασαι διὰ θεραπείας; Καὶ τοῦτο ποίησον. Οἷον, ἰατρὸς εἶ τὴν ἐπιστήμην; Ἐπιμελήθητι ἀῤῥωστούντων: καὶ τοῦτο μέγα. Δύνασαι διὰ συμβουλῆς; Πολλῷ τοῦτο πάντων μεῖζον: αὕτη βελτίων πάντων, ἢ καὶ πλείων, ὅσῳ καὶ μεῖζον ἔχει τὸ κέρδος: οὐ γὰρ λιμὸν λύεις, ἀλλὰ θάνατον χαλεπόν. Τοιαύτης καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἐκ περιουσίας ἦσαν ἐμπεπλησμένοι: διὰ τοῦτο τὴν τῶν χρημάτων διανομὴν τοῖς μετ' αὐτοὺς ἐνεχείρισαν, αὐτοὶ τὴν διὰ τῶν λόγων ἐπιδεικνύμενοι. Ἢ μικρὰν ἐλεημοσύνην οἴει εἶναι, ψυχὴν ἀπορουμένην, κινδυνεύουσαν περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων, ὑπὸ πυρώσεως συνεχομένην, δυνηθῆναι ἀπαλλάξαι τῆς νόσου; Οἷον, ὁρᾷς φίλον ὑπὸ φιλαργυρίας κατεχόμενον; Ἐλέησον τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Ἀποπνίγεται; Σβέσον αὐτοῦ τὸ πῦρ. Τί οὖν, ἂν μὴ πείθηται; Σὺ τὸ σαυτοῦ ποίησον, καὶ μὴ κατοκνήσῃς. Εἶδες αὐτὸν ἐν δεσμοῖς κατεχόμενον; (δεσμὰ γὰρ ὄντως τὰ χρήματα.) Ἄπελθε πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἐπίσκεψαι αὐτὸν, παραμύθησαι, πειράθητι τῶν δεσμῶν ἀπολῦσαι. Ἂν μὴ βούληται, τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτὸς ὑπομενεῖ. Εἶδες γυμνὸν καὶ ξένον; (γυμνὸς γὰρ ὄντως καὶ ξένος ἐστὶ τῶν οὐρανῶν ὁ βίου ὀρθοῦ μὴ ἐπιμελούμενος.) Λάβε εἰς τὸ καταγώγιον τὸ σὸν, περίβαλε ἱμάτια τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς, δὸς πόλιν τὴν ἐν οὐρανῷ. Τί οὖν, ἂν ἐγὼ γυμνὸς ὦ, φησί; Καὶ σαυτὸν ἔνδυσον πρῶτον: εἰ οἶδας ὅτι γυμνὸς εἶ, πάντως καὶ ὅτι ἐνδυθῆναι ὀφείλεις οἶδας. Εἰ ταύτης μόνον τῆς γυμνότητος ἐπίστασαι τὸν τρόπον, δυνήσῃ γνῶναι ῥᾳδίως καὶ τὴν αὐτῆς καταστολήν. Πόσαι γυναῖκες σηρικὰ ἱμάτια φοροῦσι, γυμναὶ δὲ ὄντως εἰσὶ τῶν τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱματίων; Ταύτας οἱ ἄνδρες περιβαλέτωσαν. Ἀλλ' οὐ προσίενται τὰ ἱμάτια ἐκεῖνα, ἀλλὰ ταῦτα βούλονται; Τοῦτο πρῶτον ποίησον: εἰς τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτὰς τῶν ἱματίων ἐκείνων κατάστησον, δεῖξον ὅτι γυμναί εἰσι, διαλέχθητι περὶ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς μελλούσης: εἰπέ: Ἄλλων ἡμῖν ἐκεῖ δεῖ, οὐ τούτων. Εἰ δὲ ἀνέχοισθέ μου, καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν γυμνότητα δείξω. Ὁ γυμνὸς, ψύχους μὲν ὄντος, πέπηγε καὶ τρέμει, καὶ συνεσταλμένος ἕστηκε, συναγαγὼν τοὺς βραχίονας: θέρους δὲ ὄντος, οὐκ ἔτι. Ἂν τοίνυν δείξω καὶ τοὺς πλουτοῦντας καὶ τὰς πλουτούσας τοσούτῳ μάλιστα γυμνὰς, ὅσῳ μάλιστα ἂν περιβάλωνται, μὴ ἀπεχθάνεσθε. Τί οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, ὅταν τοὺς περὶ γεέννης ἀνακινῶμεν λόγους, καὶ τῶν βασανιστηρίων ἐκείνων, οὐχὶ μᾶλλον τῶν γυμνῶν ἐκείνων πεπήγασιν οὗτοι καὶ τρέμουσιν; οὐχὶ πικρὰ στενάζουσι, καὶ καταδικάζουσιν ἑαυτούς; Τί δαὶ, ὅταν τῷ δεῖνι προσέρχωνται καὶ λέγωσιν: Εὖξαι ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ: οὐχὶ τὰ αὐτὰ ῥήματα φθέγγονται ἐκείνοις; Ἀλλὰ νῦν μὲν, ὅσα ἂν εἴπωμεν, οὔπω δήλη ἡ γυμνότης: ἔσται δὲ ἐκεῖ δήλη. Πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ; Ὅταν τῶν σηρικῶν ἱματίων τούτων καὶ τῶν λίθων ἀπωλολότων, ἀπὸ μόνων τῶν τῆς ἀρετῆς καὶ τῆς κακίας ἱματίων ἅπαντες φαίνωνται: ὅταν οἱ μὲν πένητες ὦσιν ἠμφιεσμένοι δόξαν πολλὴν, οἱ δὲ πλουτοῦντες γυμνοὶ καὶ ἀσχημονοῦντες πρὸς τὰ κολαστήρια σύρωνται. Τί ἁβρότερον ἦν τοῦ πλουσίου τοῦ τὴν πορφύραν ἐνδιδυσκομένου; τί δὲ πενέστερον τοῦ Λαζάρου; τίς οὖν τὰ τῶν ἐπαιτῶν ἐφθέγγετο ῥήματα; τίς δὲ ἐν ἀφθονίᾳ ἦν; Εἰπέ μοι, εἴ τις τὴν οἰκίαν περιβάλλοι πολλοῖς τοῖς παραπετάσμασιν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἔνδον κάθηται γυμνὸς, τί τὸ κέρδος; Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γυναικῶν γίνεται. Τὴν μὲν γὰρ οἰκίαν τῆς ψυχῆς, τὸ σῶμα λέγω, πολλοῖς περιβάλλουσιν: ἡ δὲ οἰκοδέσποινα ἔνδον κάθηται γυμνή. Χρήσατέ μοι τοὺς τῆς ψυχῆς ὀφθαλμοὺς, καὶ ὑποδείξω ὑμῖν τῆς ψυχῆς τὴν γυμνότητα. Τί γάρ ἐστιν ἱμάτιον ψυχῆς, Ἀρετὴ δηλονότι. Τί δὲ γυμνότης; Κακία. Καθάπερ γὰρ εἴ τις ἀποδύσειέ τινα τῶν ἐλευθέρων, αἰσχύνεται καὶ συστέλλεται καὶ φεύγει: οὕτω δὴ καὶ ψυχὴ, ἂν θέλωμεν εἰς αὐτὴν ἰδεῖν, ἡ μὴ ταῦτα ἔχουσα τὰ ἱμάτια, ἐρυθριᾷ. Πόσας οἴει νῦν αἰσχύνεσθαι, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸ καταδύεσθαι τὸ βάθος, ὥσπερ τι παραπέτασμα καὶ προκάλυμμα ἐπιζητούσας, ἵνα τούτων μὴ ἀκούοιεν τῶν λόγων; Αἱ δὲ μηδὲν συνειδυῖαι ἑαυταῖς, γάννυνται, χαίρουσιν, ἐναβρύνονται καὶ ἐγκαλλωπίζονται τοῖς λεγομένοις. Ἄκουσον περὶ τῆς μακαρίας Θέκλης. Ἐκείνη ἵνα Παῦλον ἴδῃ, καὶ τὰ χρυσία ἔδωκεν ἑαυτῆς: σὺ δὲ ἵνα τὸν Χριστὸν ἴδῃς, οὐδὲ ὀβολὸν δίδως, ἀλλὰ θαυμάζεις μὲν τὰ γεγενημένα ὑπ' ἐκείνης, οὐ ζηλοῖς δέ. Οὐκ ἀκούεις πῶς τοὺς ἐλεήμονας μακαρίζει ὁ Λόγος; Μακάριοι οἱ ἐλεήμονες, φησὶν, ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἐλεηθήσονται. Τί τὸ κέρδος ἀπὸ τῶν πολυτελῶν ἱματίων; μέχρι πότε πρὸς ταύτην κεχήναμεν τὴν στολήν; Ἀμφιασώμεθα τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, περιβαλώμεθα τὸ κάλλος ἐκεῖνο, ἵνα καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐπαινεθῶμεν, καὶ ἐκεῖ τῶν αἰωνίων τύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.