John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles

“So they, being sent forth by the Holy Ghost, departed unto Seleucia; and from thence they sailed to Cyprus. And when they were at Salamis, they preached the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews: and they had also John to their minister.”

As soon as they were ordained they went forth, and hasted to Cyprus, that being a place where was no ill-design hatching against them, and where moreover the Word had been sown already. In Antioch there were (teachers) enough, and Phœnice too was near to Palestine; but Cyprus not so. However, you are not to make a question of the why and wherefore, when it is the Spirit that directs their movements: for they were not only ordained by the Spirit, but sent forth by Him likewise. “And when they were come to Salamis, they preached the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews.” Do you mark how they make a point of preaching the word to them first, not to make them more contentious?649 That Barnabas and Saul preached first to the Jews for the reason mentioned by Chrysostom is wholly improbable. The mission to the Gentiles entrusted to them never cancelled, in their minds, their obligation to the Jews as having in the plan of God an economic precedence. Paul not only maintained throughout his life an ardent love and longing for his people (Rom. ix.) and a confident hope of their conversion (Rom. xi.), but regarded them as still the people of privilege, on the principle: “To the Jew first, and also to the Greek.” (Rom. i. 16.) This view, together with the fact that they were Jews, constitutes a sufficient explanation for their resort to the synagogues. Additional reasons may be found in the fact that in the synagogues might be found those who were religiously inclined—of both Jewish and Gentile nationality—and who were therefore most susceptible to the influence of Christian truth, and in the fact that the freedom of speech in the synagogue-service offered the most favorable opportunity to expound the Gospel.—G.B.S. The persons mentioned before “spake to none but to Jews only” (ch. xi. 19), and so here they betook them to the synagogues. “And when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos, they found a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Bar-jesus: which was with the deputy of the country, Sergius Paulus, a prudent man; who called for Barnabas and Saul, and desired to hear the word of God. But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith.” (v. 6–8.) Again a Jew sorcerer, as was Simon. And observe this man, how, while they preached to the others, he did not take it much amiss, but only when they approached the proconsul. And then in respect of the proconsul the wonder is, that although prepossessed by the man’s sorcery, he was nevertheless willing to hear the Apostles. So it was with the Samaritans: and from the competition (συγκρίσεως) the victory appears, the sorcery being worsted. Everywhere, vainglory and love of power are a (fruitful) source of evils! “But Saul, who is also Paul,”—(v. 9) here his name is changed at the same time that he is ordained, as it was in Peter’s case,650 Chrysostom here hints at the most probable explanation of the change of name in the Acts from Saul to Paul, although that change is not strictly simultaneous with his ordination which occurred at Antioch (v. 3), whereas the first use of the name “Paul” is in connection with his labors at Paphos, after he had preached for a time in Salamis. It seems probable that, as in so many cases, Paul, a Hellenist, had two names, in Hebrew Saul, and in Greek Paul, and that now when he enters distinctively upon his mission to the Gentiles, his Gentile name comes into exclusive use. (So, among recent critics, De Wette, Lechler, Alford, Neander, Gloag.) Other opinions are: (1) that he took the name Paul—signifying little—out of modesty (Augustin); (2) that he was named Paul, either by himself (Jerome), by his fellow-Christians (Meyer) or by the proconsul (Ewald), in honor of the conversion of Sergius Paulus.—G.B.S.—“filled with the Holy Ghost, looked upon him, and said, O full of all guile and all villany, thou child of the devil:” (v. 10) and observe, this is not abuse, but accusation: for so ought forward, impudent people to be rebuked “thou enemy of all righteousness;” here he lays bare what was in the thoughts of the man, while under pretext of saving he was ruining the proconsul: “wilt thou not cease,” he says, “to pervert the ways of the Lord?” (He says it) both confidently (αξιοπίστως), It is not with us thou art warring, nor art thou fighting (with us), but “the ways of the Lord” thou art perverting, and with praise (of these, he adds) “the right” ways. “And now, behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be blind.” (v. 11.) It was the sign by which he was himself converted, and by this he would fain convert this man. As also that expression, “for a season,” puts it not as an act of punishing, but as meant for his conversion: had it been for punishment, he would have made him lastingly blind, but now it is not so, but “for a season” (and this), that he may gain the proconsul. For, as he was prepossessed by the sorcery, it was well to teach him a lesson by this infliction (and the sorcerer also), in the same way as the magicians (in Egypt) were taught by the boils.651 It can hardly be meant that the smiting of Elymas with blindness was not a judicial infliction to himself; but that the proconsul should see it rather on its merciful side as being only ἄχρι καιροῦ. The Hebraistic use of Χεὶρ Κυρίου clearly implies a divine judgment upon Elymas as does the whole force of the narrative.—G.B.S. (Ex. ix. 11.) “And immediately there fell on him a mist and a darkness: and he went about seeking some to lead him by the hand. Then the deputy, when he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord.” (v. 12.) But observe, how they do not linger there, as (they might have been tempted to do) now that the proconsul was a believer, nor are enervated by being courted and honored, but immediately keep on with their work, and set out for the country on the opposite coast. “Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia; and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem. But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and sat down.” (v. 13, 14.) And here again they entered the synagogues, in the character of Jews, that they might not be treated as enemies, and be driven away: and in this way they carried the whole matter successfully. “And after the reading of the Law and the Prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent unto them, saying, Ye men and brethren, if ye have any word of exhortation for the people, say on.” (v. 15.) From this point, we learn the history of Paul’s doings, as in what was said above we have learned not a little about Peter. But let us review what has been said.

(Recapitulation.) “And when they were come to Salamis,” the metropolis of Cyprus, “they preached the word of God.” (v. 5.) They had spent a year in Antioch: it behooved that they should go hither also (to Cyprus) and not sit permanently where they were (the converts in Cyprus): needed greater teachers. See too how they remain no time in Seleucia, knowing that (the people there) might have reaped much benefit from the neighboring city (of Antioch): but they hasten on to the more pressing duties. When they came to the metropolis of the island, they were earnest to disabuse (διορθωσαι) the proconsul. But that it is no flattery that (the writer) says, “he was with the proconsul, a prudent man” (v. 7), you may learn from the facts; for he needed not many discourses, and himself wished to hear them. And652 Καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα δὲ λέγει· ἐπειδὴ προσφάτως ἔγραφον· & 234·ρα κ. τ. λ. A. B. C. N. Cat. It is not clear whether this relates to the two names, Barjesus and Elymas, (if so we might, read ἔγραφεν, “since he wrote just before, (whose name was Barjesus, but now Elymas, for so is his name interpreted,”) or to the change of the Apostle’s name “Then Saul, who is also called Paul,” (and then perhaps the sense of the latter clause may be, Since the change of name was recent: ἐπειδἡ προσφάτως μετεγράφη or the like.) The mod. text substitutes, “But he also recites the names of the cities: showing that since they had but recently received the word, there was need (for them) to be confirmed, to continue in the faith: for which reason also they frequently visited them.” he mentions also the names. * * * Observe, how he said nothing to the sorcerer, until he gave him an occasion: but they only “preached the word of the Lord.” Since (though Elymas) saw the rest attending to them, he looked only to this one object, that the proconsul might not be won over. Why did not (Paul) perform some other miracle? Because there was none equal to this, the taking the enemy captive. And observe, he first impeaches, and then punishes, him. He shows how justly the man deserved to suffer, by his saying, “O full of all deceit” (v. 10): (“full of all,”) he says: nothing wanting to the full measure: and he well says, of all “deceit,” for the man was playing the part of a hypocrite.—“Child of the devil,” because he was doing his work: “enemy of all righteousness,” since this (which they preached) was the whole of righteousness (though at the same time): I suppose in these words he reproves his manner of life. His words were not prompted by anger, and to show this, the writer premises, “filled with the Holy Ghost,” that is, with His operation. “And now behold the hand of the Lord is upon thee.” (v. 11.) It was not vengeance then, but healing: for it is as though he said: “It is not I that do it, but the hand of God.” Mark how unassuming! No “light,”653 Mod. text omits this sentence. The connection is: Paul inflicts this blindness upon him, not in vengeance, but in order to his conversion, remembering how the Lord Himself had dealt with him on the way to Damascus. But it was not here, as then—no “light shown round about him from heaven.” as in the case of Paul, “shone round about him.” (ch. ix. 3.) “Thou shalt be blind,” he says, “not seeing the sun for a season,” that he may give him opportunity for repentance: for we nowhere find them wishing to be made conspicuous by the more stern (exercise of their authority), even though it was against enemies that this was put forth: in respect of those of their own body (they used severity), and with good reason, but in dealing with those without, not so; that (the obedience of faith) might not seem to be matter of compulsion and fear. It is a proof of his blindness, his “seeking some to lead him by the hand.” (ch. v. 1. ff.) And654 Καὶ (Εἶτα mod.) (ὁρᾷ C. N. Cat.) τὴν πήρωσιν (Cat. πύρωσιν) ὁ ἀνθ. καὶ (om. Cat.) μόνος ἐπίστευσεν (mod. εὐθὺς πιστεύει). The reading in Cat. is meant for emendation: “And mark the fervor (or kindling, viz. of the proconsul’s mind): the proc. alone believed” etc. the proconsul sees the blindness inflicted, “and when he saw what was done, he believed:” and both alone believed not merely this, but, “being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord” (v. 12): he saw that these things were not mere words, nor trickery. Mark how he loved to receive instruction from his teachers, though he was in a station of so high authority. And (Paul) said not to the sorcerer, “Wilt thou not cease to pervert” the proconsul?655 Mod. text adds, “but, the ways of the Lord, which is more: that he may not seem to pay court.” What may be the reason of John’s going back from them? For “John,” it says, “departing from them returned to Jerusalem” (v. 13): (he does it) because they are undertaking a still longer journey: and yet he was their attendant, and as for the danger, they incurred it (not he).—Again, when they were come to Perga, they hastily passed by the other cities, for they were in haste to the metropolis, Antioch. And observe how concise the historian is. “They sat down in the synagogue,” he says, and, “on the sabbath day” (v. 14, 15): that they might prepare the way beforehand for the Word. And they do not speak first, but when invited: since as strangers, they called upon them to do so. Had they not waited, there would have been no discourse. Here for the first time we have Paul preaching. And observe his prudence: where the word was already sown, he passes on: but where there was none (to preach), he makes a stay: as he himself writes: “Yea, so have I strived to preach the Gospel, not where Christ was named.” (Rom. xv. 20.) Great courage this also. Truly, from the very outset, a wonderful man! crucified, ready for all encounters (παρατεταγμένος), he knew how great grace he had obtained, and he brought to it zeal equivalent. He was not angry with John: for this was not for him:656 οὐ γὰρ τούτου ἦν. “Down. renders it non enim iræ deditus erat, he was not the man for this (anger): or perhaps, For he (John) was not his, not associated by him, but by Barnabas.” Ben. But the meaning should rather be, “So great a work was not for him (Mark); he was not equal to it.” The connection is of this kind: “Paul knew how great grace had been bestowed on him, and on his own part he brought corresponding zeal. When Mark withdrew, Paul was not angry with him, knowing that the like grace was not bestowed on him, therefore neither could there be the like σπουδὴ on his part.” but he kept to the work, he quailed not, he was unappalled, when shut up in the midst of a host. Observe how wisely it is ordered that Paul should not preach at Jerusalem: the very hearing that he is become a believer, this of itself is enough for them; for him to preach, they never would have endured, such was their hatred of him: so he departs far away, where he was not known. But657 In mss. and Edd. this portion, to the end of the paragraph, is placed after the part relating to Elymas, “He first convicted,” etc. and immediately before the Morale, as if the occasion of the invective against φιλαρχία and κενοδοξία were furnished by the conduct of the rulers of the synagogue: but see above, p. 178, in the expos. of v. 8, πανταχοῦ ἡ κενοδοξία καὶ ἡ φιλαρχία αἴτιαι τῶν κακῶν, and below, the allusion to the blindness of Elymas. it is well done, that “they entered the synagogue on the sabbath day” when all were collected together. “And after the reading of the Law and the Prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent unto them, saying, Ye men and brethren, if ye have any word or exhortation for the people, say on.” (v. 15.) Behold how they do this without grudging, but no longer after this. If ye did wish this (really), there was more need to exhort.

He first convicted the sorcerer (and showed), what he was; and that he was such, the sign showed: “thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun” this was a sign of the blindness of his soul: “for a season” (v. 11): he says, to bring him to repentance. But, oh that love of rule! oh, that lust of vainglory! how it does overturn and ruin everything; makes people stand up against their own, against each other’s salvation; renders them blind indeed, and dark, insomuch that they have even to seek for some to lead them by the hand! Oh that they did even this, oh that they did seek were it but some to lead them by the hand! But no, they no longer endure this, they take the whole matter into their own hands. (This vice) will let no man see: like a mist and thick darkness it spreads itself over them, not letting any see through it. What pleas shall we have to offer, we who for one evil affection, overcome another evil affection (supra p. 176), but not for the fear of God! For example, many who are both lewd and covetous, have for their niggardliness put a bridle upon their lust, while other such, on the contrary, have for pleasure’s sake, despised riches. Again, those who are both the one and the other, have by the lust of vainglory overcome both, lavishing their money unsparingly, and practising temperance to no (good) purpose; others again, who are exceedingly vainglorious, have despised that evil affection, submitting to many vile disgraces for the sake of their amours, or for the sake of their money: others again, that they may satiate their anger, have chosen to suffer losses without end, and care for none of them, provided only they may work their own will. And yet, what passion can do with us, the fear of God is impotent to effect! Why speak I of passion? What shame before men can do with us, the fear of God has not the strength to effect! Many are the things we do right and wrong, from a feeling of shame before men; but God we fear not. How many have been shamed by regard to the opinions of men into flinging away money! How many have mistakenly made it a point of honor to give themselves up to the service of their friends (only), to their hurt! How many from respect for their friendships have been shamed into numberless wrong acts! Since then both passion and regard for the opinion of men are able to put us upon doing wrong things and right, it is idle to say, “we cannot:” we can, if we have the mind: and we ought to have the mind. Why canst not thou overcome the love of glory, when others do overcome it, having the same soul as thou, and the same body; bearing the same form, and living the same life? Think of God, think of the glory that is from above: weigh against that the things present, and thou wilt quickly recoil from this worldly glory. If at all events thou covet glory, covet that which is glory, indeed. What kind of glory is it, when it begets infamy? What kind of glory, when it compels one to desire the honor of those who are inferior, and stands in need of that? Real honor is the gaining the esteem of those who are greater than one’s self. If at all events thou art enamoured of glory, be thou rather enamoured of that which comes from God. If enamoured of that glory thou despisest this world’s glory, thou shalt see how ignoble this is: but so long as thou seest not that glory, neither wilt thou be able to see this, how foul it is, how ridiculous. For as those who are under the spell of some wicked, hideously ugly woman, so long as they are in love with her, cannot see her ill-favoredness, because their passion spreads a darkness over their judgment: so is it here also: so long as we are possessed with the passion, we cannot perceive what a thing it is. How then might we be rid of it? Think of those who (for the sake of glory) have spent countless sums, and now are none the better for it:658 καὶ οὐδὲν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς καρπουμένους, i.e. reaping no fruit from it (the glory which they sought here) where they are now. Mod. text οὐδὲν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν καρπωσαμένους: “reaped no fruit while here, from their money which they squandered”—mistaking the meaning of the passage, which is, “They got what they sought, but where is it now?” think of the dead, what glory they got, and (now) this glory is nowhere abiding, but all perished and come to naught: bethink thee how it is only a name, and has nothing real in it. For say, what is glory? give me some definition. “The being admired by all,” you will say. With justice, or also not with justice? For if it be not with justice, this is not admiration, but crimination (κατηγορία), and flattery, and misrepresentation (διαβολή). But if you say, With justice, why that is impossible: for in the populace there are no right judgments; those that minister to their lusts, those are the persons they admire. And if you would (see the proof of this), mark those who give away their substance to the harlots, to the charioteers, to the dancers. But you will say, we do not mean these, but those who are just and upright, and able to do great and noble good acts. Would that they wished it, and they soon would do good: but as things are, they do nothing of the kind. Who, I ask you, now praises the just and upright man? Nay, it is just the contrary. Could anything be more preposterous than for a just man, when doing any such good act, to seek glory of the many—as if an artist of consummate skill, employed upon an Emperor’s portrait, should wish to have the praises of the ignorant! Moreover, a man who looks for honor from men, will soon enough desist from the acts which virtue enjoins. If he will needs be gaping for their praises, he will do just what they wish, not what himself wishes. What then would I advise you? You must look only to God, to the praise that is from Him, perform all things which are pleasing to Him, and go after the good things (that are with Him), not be gaping for anything that is of man: for this mars both fasting and prayer and alms-giving, and makes all our good deeds void. Which that it be not our case, let us flee this passion. To one thing alone let us look, to the praise which is from God, to the being accepted of Him, to the commendation from our common Master; that, having passed through our present life virtuously, we may obtain the promised blessings together with them that love Him, through the grace and mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father, together with the Holy Ghost, be glory, might, honor, now and ever, world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΚΗʹ. Οὗτοι μὲν οὖν ἐκπεμφθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου κατῆλθον εἰς Σελεύκειαν, κἀκεῖθεν ἀπέπλευσαν εἰς τὴν Κύπρον. Καὶ γενόμενοι ἐν Σαλαμῖνι, κατήγγειλαν τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Εἶχον δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννην ὑπηρέτην. αʹ. Ἅμα χειροτονηθέντες ἐξῆλθον, καὶ εἰς Κύπρον ἀπέπλευσαν, ἅτε οὐκ οὔσης ἐπιβουλῆς ἐκεῖ, καὶ τοῦ λόγου κατασπαρέντος ἤδη. Ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ μὲν γὰρ ἦσαν ἱκανοί: καὶ ἡ Φοινίκη δὲ πλησίον τῆς Παλαιστίνης ἦν, Κύπρος δὲ οὐχί. Λοιπὸν μὴ ζήτει, διά τί; ὅταν Πνεύματι κινῶνται: οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἐχειροτονήθησαν Πνεύματι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξεπέμφθησαν. Καὶ γενόμενοι ἐν Σαλαμῖνι κατήγγελλον τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Ὁρᾷς πᾶσαν σπουδὴν ποιουμένους αὐτοὺς ἐκείνοις καταγγέλλειν τὸν λόγον πρώτοις, ἵνα μὴ φιλονεικοτέρους ἐργάσωνται; Καὶ ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐλάλουν εἰ μὴ Ἰουδαίοις μόνοις, καὶ οὗτοι εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς ἀπῄεσαν. Διελθόντες δὲ τὴν νῆσον ὅλην ἄχρι Πάφου, εὗρον ἄνδρα τινὰ μάγον ψευδοπροφήτην Ἰουδαῖον, ᾧ ὄνομα Βὰρ Ἰησοῦς, ὃς ἦν σὺν τῷ ἀνθυπάτῳ Σεργίῳ Παύλῳ, ἀνδρὶ συνετῷ: ὃς προσκαλεσάμενος Βαρνάβαν καὶ Σαῦλον, ἐπεζήτησεν ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἀνθίστατο δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἐλύμας ὁ μάγος (οὕτω γὰρ μεθερμηνεύεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ), ζητῶν διαστρέψαι τὸν ἀνθύπατον ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως. Πάλιν μάγος Ἰουδαῖος, καθάπερ Σίμων. Καὶ ὅρα τοῦτον, ὅτε μὲν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐκήρυττον, οὐ σφόδρα ἀγανακτοῦντα: ἐπειδὴ δὲ τῷ ἀνθυπάτῳ προσῄεσαν, τότε. Τὸ δὲ θαυμαστὸν τοῦ ἀνθυπάτου, ὅτι καὶ προκατειλημμένος τῇ μαγείᾳ ἐκείνου, ἤθελεν ἀκοῦσαι τῶν ἀποστόλων. Οὕτω καὶ οἱ Σαμαρεῖται ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἀπὸ συγκρίσεως ἡ νίκη φαίνεται, τῆς μαγείας ἁλισκομένης. Πανταχοῦ ἡ κενοδοξία καὶ ἡ φιλαρχία αἴτιαι τῶν κακῶν. Σαῦλος δὲ ὁ καὶ Παῦλος, πλησθεὶς Πνεύματος ἁγίου, ἀτενίσας εἰς αὐτὸν εἶπεν: Ὢ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου καὶ πάσης ῥᾳδιουργίας, υἱὲ διαβόλου, ἐχθρὲ πάσης δικαιοσύνης, οὐ παύσῃ διαστρέφων τὰς ὁδοὺς Κυρίου τὰς εὐθείας; Καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ χεὶρ Κυρίου ἐπὶ σὲ, καὶ ἔσῃ τυφλὸς, μὴ βλέπων τὸν ἥλιον ἄχρι καιροῦ. Ἐνταῦθα τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἀμείβεται μετὰ τῆς χειροτονίας, ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Πέτρου γεγένηται. Καὶ ὅρα, οὐχ ὕβρις τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ κατάπληξις. Τοὺς γὰρ ἰταμοὺς καὶ ἀναισχύντους οὕτω δεῖ καταπλήττεσθαι. Ὢ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου, φησὶ, καὶ πάσης ῥᾳδιουργίας. υἱὲ διαβόλου, ἐχθρὲ πάσης δικαιοσύνης. Ἐνταῦθα αὐτοῦ ἀποκαλύπτει τὰ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ, προσχήματι σωτηρίας ἀπολλύντι τὸν ἀνθύπατον. Οὐ παύσῃ, φησὶ, διαστρέφων τὰς ὁδοὺς Κυρίου; Καὶ ἀξιοπίστως, Οὐχ ἡμῖν πολεμεῖς, φησὶν, οὐδὲ μάχῃ, ἀλλὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς Κυρίου διαστρέφεις τὰς εὐθείας, καὶ μετ' ἐγκωμίου. Καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ χεὶρ Κυρίου ἐπὶ σὲ, καὶ ἔσῃ τυφλός: Ὧ| αὐτὸς προσήχθη σημείῳ, τούτῳ καὶ τοῦτον ἠβουλήθη προσαγαγεῖν. Καὶ τὸ, Ἄχρι καιροῦ δὲ, οὐ κολάζοντος ἦν τὸ ῥῆμα, ἀλλ' ἐπιστρέφοντος. Εἰ γὰρ κολάζοντος ἦν, διαπαντὸς ἂν αὐτὸν ἐποίησε τυφλόν: νῦν δὲ οὐ τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ πρὸς καιρὸν, ἵνα τὸν ἀνθύπατον κερδάνῃ. Παραχρῆμα δὲ ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἀχλὺς καὶ σκότος, καὶ περιάγων ἐζήτει χειραγωγούς. Τότε ἰδὼν ὁ ἀνθύπατος τὸ γεγονὸς, ἐπίστευσεν, ἐκπληττόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ τοῦ Κυρίου. Εἰκότως: τὸν γὰρ προκατειλημμένον τῇ μαγείᾳ ταύτῃ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ παιδεῦσαι ἐχρῆν. Οὕτω καὶ οἱ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ μάγοι ὑπὸ τῶν φλυκτίδων τὸ πρὶν ἐπαιδεύοντο. Ὅρα δὲ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐγχρονίζοντας αὐτόθι, ἅτε τοῦ ἀνθυπάτου λοιπὸν πιστεύσαντος, οὐδὲ μαλακισθέντας τῇ κολακείᾳ καὶ τῇ τιμῇ, ἀλλ' εὐθέως τοῦ ἔργου ἐχομένους, καὶ εἰς τὴν ἀντιπέραν χώραν ὁρμῶντας. Ἀναχθέντες δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς Κύπρου οἱ περὶ Παῦλον, ἦλθον εἰς Πέργην τῆς Παμφυλίας. Ἰωάννης δὲ ἀποχωρήσας ἀπ' αὐτῶν ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα. Αὐτοὶ δὲ διελθόντες ἀπὸ τῆς Πέργης παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν τῆς Πισιδίας καὶ εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων ἐκάθισαν. Πάλιν εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς ἐν σχήματι Ἰουδαίων εἰσῄεσαν, ὥστε μὴ πολεμεῖσθαι μηδὲ ἐλαύνεσθαι, καὶ οὕτω τὸ πᾶν κατώρθουν. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν, ἀπέστειλαν οἱ ἀρχισυνάγωγοι πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγοντες: Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ, εἰ ἔστι λόγος ἐν ὑμῖν παρακλήσεως πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, λέγετε. Λοιπὸν ἐντεῦθεν τὰ κατὰ Παῦλον μανθάνομεν, οὐ μικρὰ περὶ τοῦ Πέτρου μαθόντες ἐν τοῖς πρῴην εἰρημένοις. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν ἄνωθεν τὰ εἰρημένα. Καὶ γενόμενοι, φησὶν, ἐν Σαλαμῖνι, κατήγγελλον τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ μητροπόλει τῆς Κύπρου. Ἐποίησαν ἐνιαυτὸν ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ. Ἔδει κἀκεῖ ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ μὴ διαπαντὸς ἐνθάδε καθῆσθαι: ἔδει μειζόνων αὐτοῖς διδασκάλων. Ὅρα πῶς καὶ ἐν Σελευκείᾳ οὐ διατρίβουσιν, εἰδότες, ὅτι ἀπὸ τῆς γείτονος πόλεως ἐκαρπώσαντο ἂν πολλὴν τὴν ὠφέλειαν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὰ κατεπείγοντα σπεύδουσι καὶ ἐκεῖ. Πρὸς γὰρ τὴν μητρόπολιν ἐλθόντες τῆς νήσου, τὸν ἀνθύπατον ἔσπευδον διορθῶσαι. Ὅτι δὲ οὐ κολακείας ἦν τὸ λέγειν, Συνῆν τῷ ἀνθυπάτῳ, ἀνδρὶ συνετῷ, ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος μάνθανε, πῶς οὐκ ἐδεήθη λόγων πολλῶν, πῶς ἠθέλησεν αὐτῶν ἀκοῦσαι. Καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα δὲ καταλέγει τῶν πόλεων: δεικνὺς, ὅτι ἐπειδὴ προσφάτως τὸν λόγον ἐδέξαντο, χρεία ἦν ἐπιστηρίζεσθαι τῇ πίστει ἐμμένειν: διὸ καὶ συνεχῶς αὐταῖς ἐφίσταντο. Ὅρα ὅτι οὐδὲν πρὸς τὸν μάγον εἶπεν, ἕως ἐκεῖνος ἀφορμὴν ἔδωκεν: ἀλλὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου μόνον κατήγγελλον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους ἑώρα προσέχοντας, αὐτὸς πρὸς ἓν τοῦτο ἐσκόπει, ὥστε ἐκεῖνον μὴ πεισθῆναι. Καὶ διὰ τί μὴ ἕτερον σημεῖον ἐποίησεν; Ὅτι οὐκ ἦν τούτου ἴσον, τοῦ τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἑλεῖν. βʹ. Καὶ ὅρα, πρότερον ἐγκαλεῖ, καὶ τότε τιμωρεῖται. Δείκνυσι δὲ δικαίως αὐτὸν παθόντα τῷ λέγειν: Ὢ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου. Τουτέστιν, οὐδὲν ἔχων ἐλλιπὲς, φησί. Καὶ καλῶς εἶπε, Παντὸς δόλου: ὑπεκρίνετο γάρ. Υἱὲ διαβόλου: τὸ γὰρ ἔργον ἐκείνου ἔπραττεν. Ἐχθρὲ πάσης δικαιοσύνης: ἡ γὰρ πᾶσα δικαιοσύνη ὄντως αὕτη ἦν. Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ καὶ τὸν βίον ἐλέγχειν τὸν αὐτοῦ, ταῦτα λέγων. Καὶ ἵνα δείξῃ, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν θυμοῦ τὰ ῥήματα, διὰ τοῦτο προλαβὼν εἶπε, Πλησθεὶς Πνεύματος ἁγίου: τουτέστιν, ἐνεργείας. Καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ χεὶρ Κυρίου ἐπὶ σέ. Οὐκ ἄρα τιμωρία ἦν, ἀλλ' ἴασις. Μονονουχὶ γὰρ ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ ἐγὼ ποιῶ, ἀλλ' ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ χείρ. Ὅρα τὸ ἄτυφον. Ἔσῃ τυφλὸς, μὴ βλέπων τὸν ἥλιον ἄχρι καιροῦ. Τοῦτο λέγει, ἵνα δῷ αὐτῷ μετανοῆσαι. Οὐδαμοῦ γὰρ ἐβούλοντο ἀπὸ τῶν σκυθρωποτέρων φαίνεσθαι, εἰ καὶ εἰς ἐχθροὺς ταῦτα ἐγένετο. Ἀλλ' ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν οἰκείων εἰκότως: ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων οὐχὶ, ἵνα μὴ νομισθῇ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἀνάγκης εἶναι λοιπὸν καὶ δέους. Τεκμήριον δὲ τῆς τυφλότητος, τὸ χειραγωγοὺς ζητεῖν. Εἶτα ὁρᾷ τὴν πήρωσιν ὁ ἀνθύπατος, καὶ εὐθὺς πιστεύει: καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ' Ἐκπληττόμενος: εἶδε γὰρ, ὅτι οὐ λόγοι οὐδὲ ἀπάτη ταῦτα. Ὅρα πόσον ἔρωτα εἶχε διδασκαλίας ἐν ἀρχῇ ὢν τοσαύτῃ. Οὐκ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτὸν, Οὐ παύσῃ διαστρέφων τὸν ἀνθύπατον: ἀλλὰ, Τὰς ὁδοὺς Κυρίου, ὃ πλέον ἦν: ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ κολακεύειν. Τί δήποτε δὲ ὁ Ἰωάννης ἀναχωρεῖ ἀπ' αὐτῶν; Ἰωάννης γὰρ, φησὶν, ἀποχωρήσας ἀπ' αὐτῶν, ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα: ἅτε ἐπὶ μακροτέραν λοιπὸν στελλομένων ὁδόν: καίτοι γε ὑπηρέτης ἐκεῖνος ἦν, αὐτοὶ δὲ τὸν κίνδυνον εἶχον. Πάλιν ἐλθόντες εἰς Πέργην, παρατρέχουσι τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις: ἐπὶ τὴν μητρόπολιν γὰρ ἠπείγοντο τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς ὑποτέμνεται ὁ συγγραφεύς. Ἐκάθισαν ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ, φησὶ, καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων: ὥστε προοδοποιῆσαι τῷ λόγῳ. Καὶ οὐ πρῶτοι λέγουσιν, ἀλλ' ἐπιτραπέντες, ἅτε ὡς ξένους προσεκαλοῦντο. Εἰ μὴ περιέμειναν δὲ, οὐκ ἂν ἐγένετο λόγος. Ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον κηρύττει Παῦλος. Καὶ ὅρα αὐτοῦ τὴν σύνεσιν: ἔνθα μὲν ἦν κατεσπαρμένος ὁ λόγος, παρατρέχει: ἔνθα δὲ οὐδεὶς ἦν, ἐνδιατρίβει καθὼς καὶ αὐτός φησι γράφων: Οὕτω δὲ φιλοτιμούμενος εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, οὐχ ὅπου ὠνομάσθη Χριστός. Ἀνδρείας δὲ ἦν καὶ τοῦτο πολλῆς. Ὄντως ἐκ προοιμίων θαυμαστὸς ὁ ἀνήρ: ἐσταυρωμένος, παρατεταγμένος, ᾔδει πόσης ἀπέλαυσε χάριτος: ἀντίῤῥοπον εἰσήγαγε τὴν σπουδήν. Οὐκ ὠργίσθη πρὸς Ἰωάννην: οὐ γὰρ τούτου ἦν: ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἔργου εἴχετο: οὐκ ἐδειλίασεν, οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἐν μέσῳ πλήθους ἀπειλημμένος. Ὅρα πῶς οἰκονομεῖται Παῦλον μὴ κηρύττειν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις: ἀρκεῖ καὶ τοῦτο μόνον τὸ ἀκοῦσαι, ὅτι ἐπίστευσε: κηρύττοντος δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἠνέσχοντο διὰ τὸ μῖσος: καὶ πόῤῥω ἄπεισιν, ἔνθα γνώριμος οὐκ ἦν. Πρότερον ἤλεγξε τὸν μάγον ὅστις ἦν: καὶ ὅτι τοιοῦτος ἦν, τὸ σημεῖον ἐδείκνυ. Τῆς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ τυφλότητος τοῦτο σημεῖον ἦν: Ἄχρι δὲ καιροῦ πάσχει, ὥστε μετανοῆσαι. Καλῶς δὲ τῷ σαββάτῳ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν, ὅτε πάντες ἦσαν συνειλεγμένοι. Καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν, φησὶν, ἀπέστειλαν οἱ ἀρχισυνάγωγοι, λέγοντες: Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοὶ, εἰ ἔστι λόγος ἐν ὑμῖν παρακλήσεως πρὸς τὸν λαὸν, λέγετε. Ὅρα αὐτοὺς ἀφθόνως τότε τοῦτο ποιοῦντας, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔτι. Εἰ τοῦτο ἐβούλεσθε, μᾶλλον ἔδει παρακαλέσαι. Ἀλλ' ὢ τῆς φιλαρχίας, ὢ τῆς κενοδοξίας, πῶς πάντα ἀνατρέπει καὶ ἀπόλλυσι: κατὰ τῆς οἰκείας, κατὰ τῆς ἀλλήλων σωτηρίας ἑστάναι παρασκευάζει: πηροὺς οὕτω καὶ τυφλοὺς ἐργάζεται, ὥστε καὶ χειραγωγοὺς ζητεῖν. Εἴθε κἂν τοῦτο, εἴθε κἂν χειραγωγοὺς ἐζήτουν: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔτι τούτου ἀνέχονται, ἀλλ' ἑαυτοῖς ἐπιτρέπουσι τὸ πᾶν. Οὐδένα ἀφίησιν ἰδεῖν: καθάπερ ἀχλὺς ἐπιτίθεται καὶ ζόφος, οὐκ ἀφιεὶς διαβλέψαι. Ποίαν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν διὰ πάθος πάθους κρατοῦντες, διὰ δὲ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον οὐκ ἔτι; Οἷον, πολλοὶ ἀσελγεῖς ὄντες καὶ φιλοχρήματοι, διὰ τὴν τῶν χρημάτων φειδωλίαν ἐχαλίνωσαν τὴν ἡδονήν: ἄλλοι τοὐναντίον, διὰ τὴν ἡδονὴν ὑπερεῖδον χρημάτων. Πάλιν οἱ ἡττώμενοι δόξης κενῆς ἀμφοτέρων περιγεγόνασι, χρήματα ἀναλίσκοντες ἀφειδῶς, καὶ σωφρονοῦντες εἰκῆ: ἄλλοι πάλιν κενόδοξοι σφόδρα ὄντες, κατεφρόνησαν τοῦ πάθους, πολλὰ ὑπομείναντες αἰσχρὰ, καὶ δι' ἔρωτας καὶ διὰ χρήματα: ἕτεροι πάλιν, ἵνα τὸν θυμὸν ἐμπλήσωσι τὸν αὐτῶν, εἵλοντο ζημιωθῆναι μυρία, καὶ οὐδενὸς αὐτοῖς τούτων ἐμέλησεν, ἵνα μόνον τὸ θέλημα ποιήσωσι τὸ αὐτῶν. Καὶ ὅπερ ἰσχύει πάθος, οὐκ ἴσχυσε παρ' ἡμῖν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβος. Καὶ τί λέγω πάθος; Ὅπερ αἰδὼς ἀνθρώπων ἰσχύει, οὐκ ἰσχύει ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβος. Πολλὰ καὶ κατορθοῦμεν, καὶ ἁμαρτάνομεν ἀνθρώπους αἰδούμενοι: τὸν δὲ Θεὸν οὐ δεδοίκαμεν. Πόσοι δι' αἰσχύνην προήκαντο χρήματα; πόσοι ἐφιλοτιμήσαντο εἰκῆ ὑπηρετούμενοι τοῖς αὐτῶν φίλοις ἐπὶ κακῷ; πόσοι φιλίας αἰδεσθέντες μυρία ἥμαρτον; γʹ. Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ πάθος καὶ αἰδὼς ἀνθρωπίνη δύναται ἐμβαλεῖν ἡμᾶς καὶ εἰς ἁμαρτήματα καὶ εἰς κατορθώματα, εἰκῆ λέγομεν, ὅτι οὐ δυνάμεθα: δυνάμεθα γὰρ ἂν θέλωμεν: θελῆσαι δὲ πάντας χρή. Εἰπὲ δή μοι, διὰ τί οὐ δύνασαι δόξης κρατεῖν, ὅταν ἕτεροι ὦσι κρατοῦντες τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχοντες ψυχὴν, τὸ αὐτὸ σῶμα, τὴν αὐτὴν μορφὴν, τὴν αὐτὴν ζῶντες ζωήν; Ἐννόησον τὸν Θεὸν, ἐννόησον τὴν ἄνωθεν δόξαν: ἀντίστησον αὐτῇ τὰ παρόντα, καὶ ταχέως ταύτης ἀποπηδήσεις. Ὅλως εἰ δόξης ἐπιθυμεῖς, τῆς ὄντως δόξης ἐπιθύμει. Ποία δόξα ὅταν ἀτιμίας ποιῇ; ποία δόξα, ὅταν τῆς ἐλαττόνων ἀναγκάζῃ τιμῆς ἐφίεσθαι, κἀκείνης χρείαν ἔχῃ; Τιμή ἐστι τὸ τῆς παρὰ τῶν μειζόνων ἀπολαύειν δόξης. Ὅλως εἰ δόξης ἐρᾷς, μᾶλλον ἐράσθητι τῆς παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἂν ἐρασθεὶς ἐκείνης, ταύτης καταφρονήσῃς, ὄψει ταύτην ἄτιμον: ἕως ἂν ἐκείνην μὴ ἴδης, οὐδὲ ταύτην ἰδεῖν δυνήσῃ πῶς ἐστιν αἰσχρὰ, πῶς καταγέλαστος. Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ πονηρᾷ τινι γυναικὶ προκατειλημμένοι εἰδεχθεῖ καὶ αἰσχρᾷ, ἕως ἂν φιλῶσιν αὐτὴν, οὐ δύνανται τὴν δυσείδειαν ἰδεῖν, τοῦ πάθους ἐπισκοτοῦντος τῇ κρίσει: οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα: ἕως ἂν κατεχώμεθα τῷ πάθει, οὐ δυνάμεθα συνιδεῖν οἷόν ἐστι κακόν. Πῶς οὖν ἀπαλλαγείημεν ἂν, φησὶν, αὐτοῦ; Ἐννόει τοὺς χρήματα ἀναλώσαντας μυρία, καὶ οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν καρπωσαμένους: ἐννόει τοὺς ἀποθανόντας ὅσης ἀπήλαυσαν δόξης, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ αὕτη βεβαία, ἀλλ' ἀπόλωλε καὶ διέφθαρται: ἐννόησον, ὅτι ὄνομα μόνον ἐστὶ, πρᾶγμα δὲ οὐκ ἔχει: ἐπεὶ τί ἐστι δόξα; εἰπέ μοι: δὸς ὅρον τινά. Τὸ θαυμάζεσθαι παρὰ πάντων, φησί. Δικαίως, ἢ καὶ ἀδίκως; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἀδίκως, οὐκ ἂν εἴη τοῦτο θαῦμα, ἀλλὰ κατηγορία, καὶ κολακεία, καὶ διαβολή: εἰ δικαίως, τοῦτο οὐ δυνατόν: οὐ γὰρ ἔχει κρίσεις ὀρθὰς ὁ δῆμος, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις αὐτῶν ὑπηρετοῦντας τούτους θαυμάζουσι. Καὶ εἰ βούλεσθε, καταμάθετε τοὺς ταῖς πόρναις τὰ αὐτῶν δωρουμένους, τοὺς τοῖς ἡνιόχοις, τοὺς τοῖς ὀρχησταῖς. Ἀλλ' οὐ τούτους, φησὶ, φαμὲν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς δικαίους, καὶ τοὺς ὀρθοὺς, καὶ μεγάλα δυναμένους ποιεῖν καλά. Εἴθε ἠβούλοντο, καὶ ταχέως ἐποίουν ἂν τὰ ἀγαθά: νῦν δὲ οὐδὲν τούτων ποιοῦσι Τίς, εἰπέ μοι, τὸν δίκαιον ἐπαινεῖ νῦν καὶ τὸν ὀρθόν; Τοὐναντίον μὲν οὖν. Τί δὲ ψυχρότερον δικαίου, εἰ πρᾶγμα τοιοῦτον κατορθῶν τῆς παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν δόξης ἐφίεται; Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ποιεῖ, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις ζωγράφος ἄριστος ὢν καὶ εἰκόνα γράφων βασιλικὴν, τῶν οὐκ ἐμπείρων ἀποδέχοιτο τοὺς ἐπαίνους. Ἄλλως δὲ ταχέως ἀποστήσεται ἄνθρωπος ὁ πρὸς δόξαν ὁρῶν ἀνθρωπίνην τῶν κατ' ἀρετὴν πραγμάτων. Εἰ γὰρ μέλλοι πρὸς ἐπαίνους κεχηνέναι, ἅπερ ἂν ἐκεῖνοι θέλωσι, ταῦτα ἐργάζεται, οὐχ ἅπερ ἂν αὐτός. Τί οὖν ἂν ὑμῖν συμβουλεύσαιμι λοιπὸν ποιεῖν; Τῷ Θεῷ προσέχειν, τοῖς ἐπαίνοις ἀρκεῖσθαι τοῖς παρ' αὐτοῦ, πάντα τὰ ἐκείνῳ δοκοῦντα ἐργάζεσθαι, καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ πράττειν, πρὸς μηδὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων κεχηνέναι: τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ νηστείαν καὶ εὐχὴν καὶ ἐλεημοσύνην λυμαίνεται, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἡμέτερα ἀγαθὰ κενοῖ. Ὅπερ ἵνα μὴ πάθωμεν, φύγωμεν τουτὶ τὸ πάθος. Πρὸς ἓν μόνον ὁρῶμεν, τὸν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔπαινον, τὴν ἐκεῖθεν ἀποδοχὴν, τὴν παρὰ τοῦ κοινοῦ Δεσπότου εὐφημίαν: ἵνα μετὰ ἀρετῆς τὸν παρόντα βίον διανύσαντες, τῶν ἐπηγγελμένων ἀγαθῶν σὺν τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτὸν ἐπιτύχωμεν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.