Chapter 31 [XXII.]—He Refutes Those Who Suppose that Souls, on Account of Sins Committed in Another State, are Thrust into Bodies Suited to Their Merits, in Which They are More or Less Tormented.

Perhaps, however, the now exploded and rejected opinion must be resumed, that souls which once sinned in their heavenly abode, descend by stages and degrees to bodies suited to their deserts, and, as a penalty for their previous life, are more or less tormented by corporeal chastisements. To this opinion Holy Scripture indeed presents a most manifest contradiction; for when recommending divine grace, it says: “For the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of Him that calleth, it was said, The elder shall serve the younger.”96    Rom. ix. 11, 12. And yet they who entertain such an opinion are actually unable to escape the perplexities of this question, but, embarrassed and straitened by them, are compelled to exclaim like others, “O the depth!” For whence does it come to pass that a person shall from his earliest boyhood show greater moderation, mental excellence, and temperance, and shall to a great extent conquer lust, shall hate avarice, detest luxury, and rise to a greater eminence and aptitude in the other virtues, and yet live in such a place as to be unable to hear the grace of Christ preached?—for “how shall they call on Him in whom they have not believed? or how shall they believe in Him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher?”97    Rom. x. 14. While another man, although of a slow mind, addicted to lust, and covered with disgrace and crime, shall be so directed as to hear, and believe, and be baptized, and be taken away,—or, if permitted to remain longer here, lead the rest of his life in a manner that shall bring him praise? Now where did these two persons acquire such diverse deserts,—I do not say, that the one should believe and the other not believe, for that is a matter for a man’s own will; but that the one should hear in order to believe, and that the other should not hear, for this is not within man’s power? Where, I say, did they acquire diverse deserts? If they had indeed passed any part of their life in heaven, so as to be thrust down, or to sink down, to this world, and to tenant such bodily receptacles as are congruous to their own former life, then of course that man ought to be supposed to have led the better life previous to his present mortal body, who did not much deserve to be burdened with it, so as both to have a good disposition, and to be importuned by milder desires which he could easily overcome; and yet he did not deserve to have that grace preached to him whereby alone he could be delivered from the ruin of the second death. Whereas the other, who was hampered with a grosser body, as a penalty—so they suppose—for worse deserts, and was accordingly possessed of obtuser affections, whilst he was in the violent ardour of his lust succumbing to the snares of the flesh, and by his wicked life aggravating his former sins, which had brought him to such a pass, by a still more abandoned course of earthly pleasures,—either heard upon the cross, “To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise,”98    Luke xxiii. 43. or else joined himself to some apostle, by whose preaching he became a changed man, and was saved by the washing of regeneration,—so that where sin once abounded, grace did much more abound. I am at a loss to know what answer they can give to this who wish to maintain God’s righteousness by human conjectures, and, knowing nothing of the depths of grace, have woven webs of improbable fable.

CAPUT XXII.

31. Refellit eos qui putant animas ob delicta alibi commissa, in corpora meritis suis convenientia detrudi, in iisque magis minusve affligi. An forte illud jam explosum repudiatumque sentiendum est, quod animae prius in coelesti habitatione peccantes, gradatim atque paulatim ad suorum meritorum corpora veniant, ac pro ante gesta vita magis minusve corporeis pestibus affligantur? Cui opinioni quamvis sancta Scriptura apertissime contradicat, quae cum gratiam commendaret, Nondum, inquit, natis, nec qui aliquid egerant boni aut mali, ut secundum electionem propositum Dei maneret, non ex operibus, sed ex vocante dictum est quod major serviet minori: nec ipsi tamen qui hoc sentiunt, evadunt hujus quaestionis angustias, sed in eis coarctati et haerentes similiter, O altitudo! exclamare coguntur. Unde enim fit ut homo ab ineunti pueritia modestior, ingeniosior, temperantior, ex magna parte libidinum victor, qui oderit avaritiam, luxuriam detestetur, atque ad virtutes caeteras provectior aptiorque consurgat, et tamen eo loco sit, ubi ei praedicari gratia christiana non possit? Quomodo enim invocabunt in quem non crediderunt? Aut quomodo credent ei quem non audierunt? Quomodo autem audient sine praedicante (Rom. X, 14)? Alius autem tardus ingenio, libidinibus deditus, flagitiis et facinoribus coopertus, ita gubernetur, ut audiat, credat, baptizetur, rapiatur, aut si detentus hic fuerit, laudabiliter hic vivat? Ubi duo isti tam diversa merita contraxerunt, non dico, ut iste credat, ille non credat, quod est propriae voluntatis; sed ut iste audiat quod credat, ille non audiat; hoc enim non est in hominis potestate: ubi, inquam, haec tam diversa merita contraxerunt? Si in coelo egerunt aliquam vitam, ut pro suis actibus propellerentur vel laberentur in terras, congruisque suae ante actae vitae corporeis receptaculis tenerentur: ille utique melius ante hoc mortale corpus vixisse credendus est, qui eo non multum meruit praegravari, ut et bonum haberet ingenium, et concupiscentiis 0127 ejus mitioribus urgeretur, quas posset facile superare: et tamen eam sibi gratiam praedicari non meruit, qua sola posset a secundae mortis pernicie liberari. Ille autem pro meritis deterioribus, sicut putant, graviori corpori implicitus, et ob hoc cordis obtusi, cum carnis illecebris ardentissima cupidine vinceretur, et per nequissimam vitam peccatis pristinis, quibus ad hoc venire meruerat, adderet pejora terrena; aut in cruce tamen audivit, Hodie mecum eris in paradiso (Luc. XXIII, 43); aut alicui cohaesit apostolo, cujus praedicatione mutatus, et per lavacrum regenerationis salvus effectus est: ut ubi abundavit peccatum, superabundaret gratia. Quid hinc respondeant, omnino non video, qui volentes humanis conjecturis justitiam Dei defendere, et ignorantes altitudinem gratiae, fabulas improbabiles texuerunt.