Homily XXXIII.

Matt. X. 16.

“Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves; be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.”

Having made them feel confident about their necessary food, and opened unto them all men’s houses, and having invested their entrance with an appearance to attract veneration, charging them not to come in as wanderers, and beggars, but as much more venerable than those who received them (for this He signifies by His saying, “the workman is worthy of his hire;” and by His commanding them to inquire, who was worthy, and there to remain, and enjoining them to salute such as receive them; and by His threatening such as receive them not with those incurable evils): having I say, in this way cast out their anxiety, and armed them with the display of miracles, and made them as it were all iron and adamant, by delivering them from all worldly things, and enfranchising them from all temporal care: He speaks in what follows of the evils also that were to befall them; not only those that were to happen soon after, but those too that were to be in long course of time; from the first, even long beforehand, preparing them for the war against the devil. Yea, and many advantages were hence secured; and first, that they learnt the power of His foreknowledge; secondly, that no one should suspect, that through weakness of their Master came these evils upon them; thirdly, that such as undergo these things should not be dismayed by their falling out unexpectedly, and against hope; fourthly, that they might not at the very time of the cross be troubled on hearing these things. For indeed, they were just so affected at that time; when also He upbraided them, saying, “Because I have said these things unto you, sorrow hath filled your hearts; and none of you asketh me, whither goest Thou?”1392   John xvi. 6, 5. And yet He had said nothing as yet touching Himself, as that He should be bound, and scourged, and put to death, that He might not hereby also confound their minds; but for the present He announces before what should happen to themselves.

Then, that they might learn that this system of war is new, and the manner of the array unwonted; as He sends them bare, and with one coat, and unshod, and without staff, and without girdle or scrip, and bids them be maintained by such as receive them; so neither here did He stay His speech, but to signify His unspeakable power, He saith, “Even thus setting out, exhibit the gentleness of “sheep,” and this, though ye are to go unto “wolves;” and not simply unto wolves, but “into the midst of wolves.”

And He bids them have not only gentleness as sheep, but also the harmlessness of the dove. “For thus shall I best show forth my might, when sheep get the better of wolves, and being in the midst of wolves, and receiving a thousand bites, so far from being consumed, do even work a change on them a thing far greater and more marvellous than killing them, to alter their spirit, and to reform their mind; and this, being only twelve, while the whole world is filled with the wolves.”

Let us then be ashamed, who do the contrary, who set like wolves upon our enemies. For so long as we are sheep, we conquer: though ten thousand wolves prowl around, we overcome and prevail. But if we become wolves, we are worsted, for the help of our Shepherd departs from us: for He feeds not wolves, but sheep: and He forsakes thee, and retires, for neither dost thou allow His might to be shown. Because, as He accounts the whole triumph His own, if thou being ill used, show forth gentleness; so if thou follow it up and give blows, thou obscurest His victory.

2. But do thou consider, I pray thee, who they are that hear these injunctions, so hard and laborious: the timid and ignorant; the unlettered and uninstructed; such as are in every respect obscure, who have never been trained up in the Gentile laws, who do not readily present themselves in the public places; the fishermen, the publicans, men full of innumerable deficiencies. For if these things were enough to confound even the lofty and great, how were they not enough to cast down and dismay them that were in all respects untried, and had never entertained any noble imagination? But they did not cast them down.

“And very naturally,” some one may perhaps say; “because He gave them power to cleanse lepers, to drive out devils.” I would answer as follows: Nay, this very thing was enough especially to perplex them, that for all their raising the dead, they were to undergo these intolerable evils, both judgments, and executions, and the wars which all would wage on them, and the common hatred of the world; and that such terrors await them, while themselves are working miracles.

3. What then is their consolation for all these things? The power of Him that sends them. Wherefore also He puts this before all, saying, “Behold, I send you.” This suffices for your encouragement, this for confidence, and fearing none of your assailants.

Seest thou authority? seest thou prerogative? seest thou invincible might? Now His meaning is like this: “Be not troubled” (so He speaks), “that sending you among wolves, I command you to be like sheep and like doves. For I might indeed have done the contrary, and have suffered you to undergo nothing terrible, nor as sheep to be exposed to wolves; I might have rendered you more formidable than lions; but it is expedient that so it should be. This makes you also more glorious; this proclaims also my power.”

This He said also unto Paul: “My grace is sufficient for thee, for my strength is made perfect in weakness.”1393   2 Cor. xii. 9.“It is I, now mark it, who have caused you so to be.” For in saying, “I send you forth as sheep,” He intimates this. “Do not therefore despond, for I know, I know certainly, that in this way more than any other ye will be invincible to all.”

After this, that they may contribute something on their own part also, and that all might not seem to be of His grace, nor they supposed to be crowned at random, and vainly, He saith, “Be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.” “But what,” it might be said, “will our wisdom avail in so great dangers? nay, how shall we be able to have wisdom at all, when so many waves are drenching us all over? For let a sheep be ever so wise, when it is in the midst of wolves, and so many wolves, what will it be able to do? Let the dove be ever so harmless, what will it profit, when so many hawks are assailing it?” In the brutes indeed, not at all: but in you as much as possible.

But let us see what manner of wisdom He here requires. That of the serpent, He saith. For even as that animal gives up everything, and if its very body must be cut off, doth not very earnestly defend it, so that it may save its head; in like manner do thou also, saith He, give up every thing but the faith; though goods, body, life itself, must be yielded. For that is the head and the root; and if that be preserved, though thou lose all, thou wilt recover all with so much the more splendor.1394   περιφανεα .

On this account then He neither commanded to be merely a simple and single-hearted sort of person, nor merely wise; but hath mixed up both these, so that they may become virtue; taking in the wisdom of the serpent that we may not be wounded in our vitals; and the harmlessness of the dove, that we may not retaliate on our wrongdoers, nor avenge ourselves on them that lay snares; since wisdom again is useless, except this be added. Now what, I ask, could be more strict than these injunctions? Why, was it not enough to suffer wrong? Nay, saith He, but I do not permit thee so much as to be indignant. For this is “the dove.” As though one should cast a reed into fire, and command it not to be burnt by the fire, but to quench it.

However, let us not be troubled; nay, for these things have come to pass, and have had an accomplishment, and have been shown in very deed, and men became wise as serpents, and harmless as doves; not being of another nature, but of the same with us.

Let not then any one account His injunctions impracticable. For He beyond all others knows the nature of things; He knows that fierceness is not quenched by fierceness, but by gentleness. And if in men’s actual deeds too thou wouldest see this result, read the book of the Acts of the Apostles, and thou wilt see how often, when the people of the Jews had risen up against them and were sharpening their teeth, these men, imitating the dove, and answering with suitable meekness, did away with their wrath, quenched their madness, broke their impetuosity. As when they said, “Did not we straitly command you, that ye should not speak in this name?”1395   Acts v. 28.although able to work any number of miracles, they neither said nor did anything harsh, but answered for themselves with all meekness, saying, “Whether it be right to hearken unto you more than unto God, judge ye.”1396   Acts iv. 19.

Hast thou seen the harmlessness of the dove? Behold the wisdom of the serpent. “For we cannot but speak the things, which we know and have heard.”1397   Acts iv. 20. Seest thou how we must be perfect on all points, so as neither to be abased by dangers, nor provoked by anger?

4. Therefore He said also,1398   Matt. x. 17, 18.

“Beware of men, for they shall deliver you up to councils, and they shall scourge you in their synagogues: and ye shall be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and the Gentiles.”

Thus again is He preparing them to be vigilant, in every case assigning to them the sufferance of wrong, and permitting the infliction of it to others; to teach thee that the victory is in suffering evil, and that His glorious trophies are thereby set up. For He said not at all, “Fight ye also, and resist them that would vex you,” but only, “Ye shall suffer the utmost ills.”

O how great is the power of Him that speaks! How great the self-command of them that hear! For indeed we have great cause to marvel, how they did not straightway dart away from Him on hearing these things, apt as they were to be startled at every sound, and such as had never gone further than that lake, around which they used to fish; and how they did not reflect, and say to themselves, “And whither after all this are we to flee? The courts of justice against us, the kings against us, the governors, the synagogues of the Jews, the nations of the Gentiles, the rulers, and the ruled.” (For hereby He not only forewarned them of Palestine, and the ills therein, but discovered also the wars throughout the world, saying, “Ye shall be brought before kings and governors;” signifying that to the Gentiles also He was afterwards to send them as heralds.) “Thou hast made the world our enemy, Thou hast armed against us all them that dwell on the earth, peoples, tyrants, kings.”

And what follows again is much more fearful, since men are to become on our account murderers of brothers, of children, of fathers.

“For the brother,” saith He, “shall deliver up the brother to death, and the father the child; and children shall rise up against their parents, and cause them to be put to death.”1399   Matt. x. 21.

“How, then,” one might say, “will the rest of men believe, when they see on our account, children slain by their fathers, and brethren by brethren, and all things filled with abominations?” What? will not men, as though we were destructive demons, will they not, as though we were devoted, and pests of the world, drive us out from every quarter, seeing the earth filled with blood of kinsmen, and with so many murderers? Surely fair is the peace (is it not?) which we are to bring into men’s houses and give them, while we are filling those houses with so many slaughters. Why, had we been some great number of us, instead of twelve; had we been, instead of “unlearned and ignorant,” wise, and skilled in rhetoric, and mighty in speech; nay more, had we been even kings, and in possession of armies and abundance of wealth; how could we have persuaded any, while kindling up civil wars, yea, and other wars far worse than they? Why, though we were to despise our own safety, which of all other men will give heed to us?”

But none of these things did they either think or say, neither did they require any account of His injunctions, but simply yielded and obeyed. And this came not from their own virtue only, but also of the wisdom of their Teacher. For see how to each of the fearful things He annexed an encouragement; as in the case of such as received them not, He said, “It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city;” so here again, when He had said, “Ye shall be brought before governors and kings,” He added, “for my sake, for a testimony to them, and the Gentiles.” And this is no small consolation, that they are suffering these things both for Christ, and for the Gentiles’ conviction. Thus God, though no one regard, is found to be everywhere doing His own works. Now these things were a comfort to them, not that they desired the punishment of other men, but that they might have ground of confidence, as sure to have Him everywhere present with them, who had both foretold and foreknown these things; and because not as wicked men, and as pests, were they to suffer all this.

And together with these, He adds another, and that no small consolation for them, saying,

“But when they deliver you up, take no thought1400   [R.V., “be not anxious.”]how or what ye shall speak, for it shall be given you in that hour what ye shall speak. For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father that speaketh in you.”1401   Matt. x. 19, 20.

For lest they should say, “How shall we be able to persuade men, when such things are taking place?” He bids them be confident as to their defense also. And elsewhere indeed He saith, “I will give you a mouth and wisdom;”1402   Luke xxi. 15.but here, “It is the Spirit of your Father that speaketh in you,” advancing them unto the dignity of the prophets. Therefore, when He had spoken of the power that was given, then He added also the terrors, the murders, and the slaughters.

“For the brother shall deliver up the brother,” saith He, “to death, and the father the child, and the children shall rise up against their parents, and cause them to be put to death.”1403   Matt. x. 21.

And not even at this did He stop, but added also what was greatly more fearful, and enough to shiver a rock to pieces: “And ye shall be hated of all men.” And here again the consolation is at the doors, for, “For my name’s sake,” saith He, “ye shall suffer these things.” And with this again another, “But he that endureth to the end, the same shall be saved.”1404   Matt. x. 22….

And these things in another point of view likewise were sufficient to rouse up their spirits; since at any rate the power of their gospel was to blaze up so high, as that nature should be despised, and kindred rejected, and the Word preferred to all, chasing all mightily away. For if no tyranny of nature is strong enough to withstand your sayings, but it is dissolved and trodden under foot, what else shall be able to get the better of you? Not, however, that your life will be in security, because these things shall be; but rather ye will have for your common enemies and foes them that dwell in the whole world.

5. Where now is Plato? Where Pythagoras? Where the long chain1405   ὄρμαθο.of the Stoics? For the first, after having enjoyed great honor, was so practically refuted, as even to be sold out of the country,1406   For the story of Plato’s slavery, see Diogen. Laertius, lib. 3; St. Chrys. in 1 Cor. Hom. IV. sec. 9; and Plutarch (as there quoted) in his Life of Dion; as to its authenticity, see Mitford’s Greece, iv. c. 31, sec. 8.and to succeed in none of his objects, no, not go much as in respect of one tyrant: yea, he betrayed his disciples, and ended his life miserably. And the Cynics, mere pollutions as they were, have all passed by like a dream and a shadow. And yet assuredly no such thing ever befell them, but rather they were accounted glorious for their heathen philosophy, and the Athenians made a public monument of the epistles of Plato, sent them by Dion; and they passed all their time at ease, and abounded in wealth not a little. Thus, for instance, Aristippus was used to purchase costly harlots; and another made a will, leaving no common inheritance; and another, when his disciples had laid themselves down like a bridge, walked on them; and he of Sinope, they say, even behaved himself unseemly in the market place.

Yea, these are their honorable things. But there is no such thing here, but a strict temperance, and a perfect decency, and a war against the whole world in behalf of truth and godliness, and to be slain every day, and not until hereafter their glorious trophies.

But there are some also, one may say, skilled in war amongst them; as Themistocles, Pericles. But these things too are children’s toys, compared with the acts of the fishermen. For what canst thou say? That he persuaded the Athenians to embark in their ships, when Xerxes was marching upon Greece? Why in this case, when it is not Xerxes marching, but the devil with the whole world, and his evil spirits innumerable assailing these twelve men, not at one crisis only, but throughout their whole life, they prevailed and vanquished; and what was truly marvellous, not by slaying their adversaries, but by converting and reforming them.

For this especially you should observe throughout, that they slew not, nor destroyed such as were plotting against them, but having found them as bad as devils, they made them rivals of angels, enfranchising human nature from this evil tyranny, while as to those execrable demons that were confounding all things, they drave them out of the midst of markets, and houses, or rather even from the very wilderness. And to this the choirs of the monks bear witness, whom they have planted everywhere, clearing out not the habitable only, but even the uninhabitable land. And what is yet more marvellous, they did not this in fair conflict, but in the enduring of evil they accomplished it all. Since men actually had them in the midst, twelve unlearned persons, binding, scourging, dragging them about, and were not able to stop their mouths; but as it is impossible to bind the sunbeam, so also their tongue. And the reason was, “it was not they” themselves “that spake,” but the power of the Spirit. Thus for instance did Paul overcome Agrippa, and Nero, who surpassed all men in wickedness. “For the Lord,” saith he, “stood with me, and strengthened me, and delivered me out of the mouth of the lion.”1407   2 Tim. iv. 17.

But do thou also admire them, how when it was said to them, “Take no thought,” they yet believed, and accepted it, and none of the terrors amazed them. And if thou say, He gave them encouragement enough, by saying, “It shall be the Spirit of your Father that shall speak;” even for this am I most amazed at them, that they doubted not, nor sought deliverance from their perils; and this, when not for two or three years were they to suffer these things, but all their life long. For the saying, “He that endureth to the end, the same shall be saved,” is an intimation of this.

For His will is, that not His part only should be contributed, but that the good deeds should be also done of them. Mark, for instance, how from the first, part is His, part His disciples’. Thus, to do miracles is His, but to provide nothing is theirs. Again, to open all men’s houses, was of the grace from above; but to require no more than was needful, of their own self-denial. “For the workman is worthy of his hire.” Their bestowing peace was of the gift of God, their inquiring for the worthy, and not entering in without distinction unto all, of their own self command. Again, to punish such as received them not was His, but to retire with gentleness from them, without reviling or insulting them, was of the apostles’ meekness. To give the Spirit, and cause them not to take thought, was of Him that sent them, but to become like sheep and doves, and to bear all things nobly, was of their calmness and prudence. To be hated and not to despond, and to endure, was their own; to save them that endured, was of Him who sent them.

Wherefore also He said, “He that endureth to the end, the same shall be saved.” That is, because the more part are wont at the beginning indeed to be vehement, but afterwards to faint, therefore saith He, “I require the end.” For what is the use of seeds, flourishing indeed at first, but a little after fading away? Therefore it is continued patience that He requires of them. I mean, lest any say, He wrought the whole Himself, and it was no wonder that they should prove such, suffering as they did nothing intolerable; therefore He saith unto them, “There is need also of patience on your part. For though I should rescue you from the first dangers, I am reserving you for others more grievous, and after these again others will succeed; and ye shall not cease to have snares laid for you, so long as ye have breath.” For this He intimated in saying, “But he that endureth to the end, the same shall be saved.”

For this cause then, though He said, “Take no thought what ye shall speak;” yet elsewhere He saith, “Be ready to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you.”1408   1 Peter iii. 15. That is, as long as the contest is among friends, He commands us also to take thought; but when there is a terrible tribunal, and frantic assemblies, and terrors on all sides, He bestows the influence from Himself, that they may take courage and speak out, and not be discouraged, nor betray the righteous cause.

For in truth it was a very great thing, for a man occupied about lakes, and skins, and receipt of custom, when tyrants were on their thrones, and satraps, and guards standing by them, and the swords drawn, and all standing on their side; to enter in alone, bound, hanging down his head, and yet be able to open his mouth. For indeed they allowed them neither speech nor defense with respect to their doctrines, but set about torturing them to death, as common pests of the world. For “They,” it is said, “that have turned the world upside down, are come hither also;” and again, “They preach things contrary to the decrees of Cæsar, saying that Jesus Christ is king.”1409   Acts xvii. 6, 7. And everywhere the courts of justice were preoccupied by such suspicions, and much influence from above was needed, for their showing both the truth of the doctrine they preached, and that they are not violating the common laws; so that they should neither, while earnest to speak of the doctrine, fall under suspicion of overturning the laws; nor again, while earnest to show that they were not overturning the common government, corrupt the perfection of their doctrines: all which thou wilt see accomplished with all due consideration, both in Peter and in Paul, and in all the rest. Yea, and as rebels and innovators, and revolutionists, they were accused all over the world; yet nevertheless they both repelled this impression, and invested themselves with the contrary, all men celebrating them as saviors, and guardians, and benefactors. And all this they achieved by their much patience. Wherefore also Paul said, “I die daily;”1410   1 Cor. xv. 31, 30.and he continued to “stand in jeopardy” unto the end.

6. What then must we deserve, having such high patterns, and in peace giving way to effeminacy, and remissness? With none to make war (it is too evident) we are slain; we faint when no man pursues, in peace we are required to be saved, and even for this we are not sufficient. And they indeed, when the world was on fire, and the pile was being kindled over the whole earth, entering, snatched from within, out of the midst of the flame, such as were burning; but thou art not able so much as to preserve thyself.

What confidence then will there be for us? What favor? There are no stripes, no prisons, no rulers, no synagogues, nor aught else of that kind to set upon us; yea, quite on the contrary we rule and prevail. For both kings are godly, and there are many honors for Christians, and precedences, and distinctions, and immunities, and not even so do we prevail. And whereas they being daily led to execution, both teachers and disciples, and bearing innumerable stripes, and continual brandings, were in greater luxury than such as abide in Paradise; we who have endured no such thing, not even in a dream, are softer than any wax. “But they,” it will be said, “wrought miracles.” Did this then keep them from the scourge? did it free them from persecution? Nay, for this is the strange thing, that they suffered such things often even at the hands of them whom they benefited, and not even so were they confounded, receiving only evil for good. But thou if thou bestow on any one any little benefit, and then be requited with anything unpleasant, art confounded, art troubled, and repentest of that which thou hast done.

If now it should happen, as I pray it may not happen nor at any time fall out, that there be a war against churches, and a persecution, imagine how great will be the ridicule, how sore the reproaches. And very naturally; for when no one exercises himself in the wrestling school, how shall he be distinguished in the contests? What champion, not being used to the trainer, will be able, when summoned by the Olympic contests, to show forth anything great and noble against his antagonist? Ought we not every day to wrestle and fight and run? See ye not them that are called Pentathli, when they have no antagonists, how they fill a sack with much sand, and hanging it up try their full strength thereupon? And they that are still younger, practise the fight against their enemies upon the persons of their companions.

These do thou also emulate, and practise the wrestlings of self denial. For indeed there are many that provoke to anger, and incite to lust, and kindle a great flame. Stand therefore against thy passions, bear nobly the mental pangs, that thou mayest endure also those of the body.

7. For so the blessed Job, if he had not exercised himself well before his conflicts, would not have shone so brightly in the same. Unless he had practised freedom from all despondency, he would have uttered some rash word, when his children died. But as it was he stood against all the assaults, against ruin of fortune, and destruction of so great affluence: against loss of children, against his wife’s commiseration, against plagues in body, against reproaches of friends, against revilings of servants.

And if thou wouldest see his ways of exercise also, hear him saying, how he used to despise wealth: “If I did but rejoice,” saith he, “because my wealth was great: if I set gold up for a heap, if I put my trust in a precious stone.”1411   Job xxxi. 25, 24, LXX. Therefore neither was he confounded at their being taken away, since he desired them not when present.

Hear how he also managed what related to his children, not giving way to undue softness, as we do, but requiring of them all circumspection. For he who offered sacrifice even for their secret sins, imagine how strict a judge he was of such as were manifest.1412   Job i. 5.

And if thou wouldest also hear of his strivings after continence, hearken to him when he saith, “I made a covenant with mine eyes, that I should not think upon a maid.”1413   Job xxxi. 1. For this cause his wife did not break his spirit, for he loved her even before this, not however immoderately, but as is due to a wife.

Wherefore I am led even to marvel, whence it came into the devil’s thought to stir up the contest, knowing as he did of his previous training. Whence then did it occur to him? The monster is wicked, and never despairs: and this turns out to us a very great condemnation that he indeed never gives up the hope of our destruction, but we despair of our own salvation.

But for bodily mutilation and indignity, mark how he practised himself. Why, inasmuch as he himself had never undergone any such thing, but had continued to live in wealth and luxury, and in all other splendor, he used to divine other men’s calamities, one by one. And this he declared, when he said, “For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me; and that which I was afraid of is come unto me.”1414   Job iii. 25. And again, “But I wept for every helpless man, and groaned when I saw a man in distress.”1415   Job xxx. 25.

So because of this, nothing of what happened confounded him, none of those great and intolerable ills. For I bid thee not look at the ruin of his substance, nor at the loss of his children, nor at that incurable plague, nor at his wife’s device against him; but at those things which are far more grievous than these.

“And what,” saith one, “did Job suffer more grievous than these? for from his history there is nothing more than these for us to learn.” Because we are asleep, we do not learn, since he surely that is anxious, and searches well for the pearl, will know of many more particulars than these. For the more grievous, and apt to infuse greater perplexity, were different.

And first, his knowing nothing certain about the kingdom of heaven, and the resurrection; which indeed he also spoke of, lamenting. “For I shall not live alway, that I should suffer long.”1416   Job vii. 16, LXX. Next, his being conscious to himself of many good works. Thirdly, his being conscious of no evil thing. Fourthly, his supposing that at God’s hands he was undergoing it; or if at the devil’s, this again was enough to offend him. Fifthly, his hearing his friends accusing him of wickedness, “For thou hast not been scourged,” say they, “according to what thy sins deserve.”1417   Job xi. 6. Sixthly, his seeing such as lived in wickedness prospering, and exulting over him. Seventhly, not having any other to whom he might look as even having ever suffered such things.

8. And if thou wouldest learn how great these things are, consider our present state. For if now, when we are looking for a kingdom, and hoping for a resurrection, and for the unutterable blessings, and are conscious to ourselves of countless evil deeds, and when we have so many examples, and are partakers of so high a philosophy; should any persons lose a little gold, and this often, after having taken it by violence, they deem life not to be lived in, having no wife to lay sore on them, nor bereaved of children, nor reproached by friends, nor insulted by servants, but rather having many to comfort them, some by words, some by deeds; of how noble crowns must not he be worthy, who seeing what he had gotten together by honest labor, snatched away from him for nought and at random, and after all that, undergoing temptations without number, like sleet, yet throughout all abides unmoved, and offers to the Lord his due thanksgiving for it all?

Why, though no one had spoken any of the other taunts, yet his wife’s words alone were sufficient utterly to shake a very rock. Look, for example, at her craft. No mention of money, none of camels, and flocks, and herds, (for she was conscious of her husband’s self command with regard to these), but of what was harder to bear than all these, I mean, their children; and she deepens the tragedy, and adds to it her own influence.

Now if when men were in wealth, and suffering no distress, in many things and oft have women prevailed on them: imagine how courageous was that soul, which repulsed her, assaulting him with such powerful weapons, and which trod under foot the two most tyrannical passions, desire and pity. And yet many having conquered desire, have yielded to pity. That noble Joseph, for instance, held in subjection the most tyrannical of pleasures, and repulsed that strange woman, plying him as she did with innumerable devices; but his tears he contained not, but when he saw his brethren that had wronged him, he was all on fire with that passion, and quickly cast off the mask, and discovered the part he had been playing.1418   δρμα. But when first of all she is his wife, and when her words are piteous, and the moment favorable for her, as well as his wounds and his stripes, and those countless waves of calamities; how can one otherwise than rightly pronounce the soul impassive to so great a storm to be firmer than any adamant?

Allow me freely to say, that the very apostles, if not inferior to this blessed man, are at least not greater than he was. For they indeed were comforted by the suffering for Christ; and this medicine was so sufficient daily to relieve them, that the Lord puts it everywhere, saying, “for me, for my sake,” and, “If they call me, the master of the house, Beelzebub.”1419   Matt. x. 25. But he was destitute of this encouragement, and of that from miracles, and of that from grace; for neither had he so great power of the Spirit.

And what is yet greater, nourished in much delicacy, not from amongst fishermen, and publicans, and such as lived frugally, but after enjoyment of so much honor, he suffered all that he did suffer. And what seemed hardest to bear in the case of the apostles, this same he also underwent, being hated of friends, of servants, of enemies, of them who had received kindness of him: and the sacred anchor, the harbor without waves, namely, that which was said to the apostles, “for my sake,” of this he had no sight.

I admire again the three children, for that they dared the furnace, that they stood up against a tyrant. But hear what they say, “We serve not thy Gods, nor worship the image which thou hast set up.”1420   Dan. iii. 18. A thing which was the greatest encouragement to them, to know of a certainty that for God they are suffering all whatsoever they suffer. But this man knew not that it was all conflicts, and a wrestling; for had he known it, he would not have felt what was happening. At any rate, when he heard, “Thinkest thou that I have uttered to thee mine oracles for nought, or that thou mightest be proved righteous?”1421   Job xl. 3, LXX.consider how straightway, at a bare word, he breathed again, how he made himself of no account, how he accounted himself not so much as to have suffered what he had suffered, thus saying, “Why do I plead any more, being admonished and reproved of the Lord, hearing such things, I being nothing?”1422   Job xl. 4, LXX. And again, “I have heard of Thee before, as far as hearing of the ear; but now mine eye hath seen Thee; wherefore I have made myself vile, and have melted away; and I accounted myself earth and ashes.”1423   Job xlii. 5, 6, LXX.

This fortitude then, this moderation, of him that was before law and grace, let us also emulate, who are after law and grace; that we may also be able to share with him the eternal tabernacles; unto which may we all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the victory forever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΓʹ. Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων. Γίνεσθε οὖν φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις, καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί. αʹ. Ἐπειδὴ περὶ τῆς ἀναγκαίας τροφῆς ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς θαῤῥεῖν, καὶ τὰς πάντων ἀνέῳξεν αὐτοῖς οἰκίας, καὶ σεμνὸν τῇ εἰσόδῳ αὐτῶν σχῆμα περιέθηκεν, οὐχ ὡς ἀλήτας καὶ προσαίτας εἰσιέναι κελεύων, ἀλλ' ὡς τῶν ὑποδεχομένων πολλῷ σεμνοτέρους (τοῦτο γὰρ ἔδειξε δι' ὧν ἔλεγεν: Ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ: καὶ δι' ὧν ἐκέλευσεν ἐρωτᾷν, τίς ἄξιος, κἀκεῖ μένειν, καὶ ἀσπάζεσθαι τοὺς δεχομένους προσέταττε, καὶ δι' ὧν τοῖς μὴ δεχομένοις τὰ ἀνήκεστα ἐκεῖνα ἠπείλησε κακά): ἐπειδὴ οὖν ταύτῃ ἐξέβαλεν αὐτῶν τὴν φροντίδα, καὶ τῇ τῶν σημείων καθώπλισεν ἐπιδείξει, καὶ σιδηροῦς τινας καὶ ἀδαμαντίνους εἰργάσατο, πάντων ἀπαλλάξας τῶν βιωτικῶν, καὶ πάσης ἐλευθερώσας ἐπικαίρου μερίμνης αὐτούς: λέγει λοιπὸν καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα συμπίπτειν αὐτοῖς κακὰ, οὐ τὰ μικρὸν ὕστερον συμβησόμενα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ μετὰ μακρὸν ἐσόμενα χρόνον, ἄνωθεν καὶ πρὸ πολλοῦ τῷ πρὸς τὸν διάβολον προπαρασκευάζων αὐτοὺς πολέμῳ. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ ἐντεῦθεν κατωρθοῦτο: καὶ πρῶτον, τὸ μαθεῖν τῆς προγνώσεως αὐτοῦ τὴν δύναμιν: δεύτερον δὲ, τὸ μηδένα ὑποπτεύειν, ὅτι δι' ἀσθένειαν τοῦ διδασκάλου ταῦτα ἐπῄει τὰ δεινά: τρίτον, τὸ τοὺς ὑπομένοντας ταῦτα μὴ ἐκπλήττεσθαι τῷ ἀπροσδοκήτως καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδα ἐκβαίνειν: τέταρτον, τὸ μὴ παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ σταυροῦ ταῦτα ἀκούοντας θορυβηθῆναι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἔπαθον τοῦτο αὐτὸ τότε, ὅτε καὶ ὀνειδίζων αὐτοῖς ἔλεγεν: Ὅτι ταῦτα λελάληκα ὑμῖν, ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκεν ὑμῶν τὴν καρδίαν: καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐρωτᾷ με, Ποῦ ὑπάγεις; Καίτοι οὐδὲν οὐδέπω περὶ ἑαυτοῦ ἦν εἰρηκὼς, οἷον, ὅτι δεθήσεται καὶ μαστιγωθήσεται καὶ ἀναιρεθήσεται, ὥστε μὴ καὶ ταύτῃ συνταράξαι αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν: ἀλλὰ τέως τὰ αὐτοῖς συμβησόμενα προαναφωνεῖ. Εἶτα ἵνα μάθωσιν, ὅτι καινὸς οὗτος ὁ τοῦ πολέμου νόμος, καὶ παράδοξος τῆς παρατάξεως ὁ τρόπος, γυμνοὺς πέμπων, καὶ μονοχίτωνας, καὶ ἀνυποδέτους, καὶ χωρὶς ῥάβδου, καὶ χωρὶς ζώνης καὶ πήρας, καὶ παρὰ τῶν δεχομένων κελεύων τρέφεσθαι, οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα τὸν λόγον ἔστησεν, ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς αὐτοῦ τὴν ἄφατον δύναμιν, φησί: Καὶ οὕτως ἀπιόντες, τὴν προβάτων ἡμερότητα ἐπιδείκνυσθε, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς λύκους ἰέναι μέλλοντες: καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς πρὸς λύκους, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς μέσους λύκων. Καὶ οὐ προβάτων ἡμερότητα μόνον ἔχειν κελεύει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς περιστερᾶς τὸ ἀκέραιον. Οὕτω γὰρ μάλιστα τὴν ἐμὴν ἐνδείξομαι ἰσχὺν, ὅταν πρόβατα λύκων περιγένηται, καὶ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν λύκων ὄντα, καὶ μυρία λαμβάνοντα δήγματα, μὴ μόνον μὴ καταναλίσκηται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκείνους μεταβάλλῃ: ὃ πολλῷ θαυμαστότερόν ἐστι καὶ μεῖζον τοῦ ἀνελεῖν, τὸ μεταθεῖναι τὴν γνώμην, καὶ μεταῤῥυθμίσαι τὴν διάνοιαν: καὶ ταῦτα δώδεκα ὄντες μόνον, τῆς οἰκουμένης τῶν λύκων ἐμπεπλησμένης. Αἰσχυνώμεθα τοίνυν οἱ τἀναντία ποιοῦντες, οἱ ὡς λύκοι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἐπιτιθέμενοι. Ἕως γὰρ ἂν ὦμεν πρόβατα, νικῶμεν: κἂν μυρίοι περιστοιχίσωνται λύκοι, περιγινόμεθα καὶ κρατοῦμεν: ἂν δὲ γενώμεθα λύκοι, ἡττώμεθα: ἀφίσταται γὰρ ἡμῶν ἡ τοῦ ποιμένος βοήθεια. Οὐ γὰρ λύκους, ἀλλὰ πρόβατα ποιμαίνει, καὶ καταλιμπάνει σε καὶ ἀναχωρεῖ: οὐδὲ γὰρ συγχωρεῖς αὐτοῦ δειχθῆναι τὴν δύναμιν. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ πάσχων κακῶς ἡμερότητα ἐπιδείξῃ, αὐτῷ λογίζεται ἅπαν τὸ τρόπαιον: ἂν δὲ ἐπεξίῃς καὶ πυκτεύῃς, ἐπισκιάζεις τῇ νίκῃ. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ τῶν προσταγμάτων τούτων ἀκούοντες τῶν σκληρῶν καὶ ἐπιπόνων: οἱ δειλοὶ καὶ ἰδιῶται: οἱ ἀγράμματοι καὶ ἀμαθεῖς: οἱ πάντοθεν ἄσημοι: οἱ μηδέποτε τοῖς ἔξωθεν ἐντραφέντες νόμοις: οἱ μὴ ταχέως εἰς ἀγορὰς ἐμβάλλοντες ἑαυτούς: οἱ ἁλιεῖς, οἱ τελῶναι, οἱ μυρίων γέμοντες ἐλαττωμάτων. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τοὺς ὑψηλοὺς καὶ μεγάλους ἱκανὰ ταῦτα θορυβῆσαι ἦν, τοὺς πάντοθεν ἀπείρους καὶ οὐδὲν οὐδέποτε φαντασθέντας γενναῖον πῶς οὐκ ἦν ἱκανὰ καταβαλεῖν καὶ ἐκπλῆξαι; Ἀλλ' οὐ κατέβαλε. Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως, ἴσως εἴποι τις ἄν: ἔδωκε γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν λεπροὺς καθαίρειν, δαίμονας ἐλαύνειν. Ἐγὼ δὲ ἐκεῖνο ἂν εἴποιμι, ὅτι αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ἱκανὸν ἦν θορυβῆσαι, ὅτι καὶ νεκροὺς ἐγείροντες τὰ ἀνήκεστα ταῦτα ἔμελλον ὑπομένειν, καὶ δικαστήρια, καὶ ἀπαγωγὰς, καὶ τοὺς παρὰ πάντων πολέμους, καὶ τὸ κοινὸν τῆς οἰκουμένης μῖσος, καὶ τοιαῦτα αὐτοὺς θαυματουργοῦντας ἀναμένειν δεινά. Τίς οὖν ἡ τούτων πάντων παράκλησις; Ἡ τοῦ πέμποντος δύναμις. Διὸ καὶ τοῦτο πρὸ πάντων τέθεικε, λέγων: Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς. Ἀρκεῖ τοῦτο εἰς παραμυθίαν ὑμῖν: ἀρκεῖ τοῦτο εἰς τὸ θαῤῥεῖν, καὶ μηδένα δεδοικέναι τῶν ἐπιόντων. βʹ. Εἶδες αὐθεντίαν; εἶδες ἐξουσίαν; εἶδες δύναμιν ἄμαχον; Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι: Μὴ θορυβηθῆτε, φησὶν, ὅτι μεταξὺ λύκων πέμπων, ὡς πρόβατα καὶ ὡς περιστερὰς εἶναι κελεύω. Ἠδυνάμην μὲν γὰρ ποιῆσαι τοὐναντίον, καὶ μηδὲν ὑμᾶς ἀφεῖναι δεινὸν ὑπομένειν, μηδὲ ὡς πρόβατα ὑποτεθῆναι λύκοις, ἀλλὰ λεόντων ἐργάσασθαι φοβερωτέρους: ἀλλ' οὕτω συμφέρει γενέσθαι. Τοῦτο καὶ ὑμᾶς λαμπροτέρους ποιεῖ: τοῦτο καὶ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνακηρύττει δύναμιν. Τοῦτο καὶ πρὸς Παῦλον ἔλεγεν: Ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου: ἡ γὰρ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται. Ἐγὼ τοίνυν οὕτως ὑμᾶς ἐποίησα εἶναι. Ὅταν γὰρ εἴπῃ, Ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς πρόβατα, τοῦτο αἰνίττεται: Μὴ τοίνυν καταπέσητε: οἶδα γὰρ, οἶδα σαφῶς, ὅτι ταύτῃ μάλιστα πᾶσιν ἀχείρωτοι ἔσεσθε. Εἶτα, ἵνα τι καὶ παρ' ἑαυτῶν εἰσφέρωσι, καὶ μὴ πάντα τῆς χάριτος εἶναι δοκῇ, μηδὲ εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην στεφανοῦσθαι νομίζωνται, φησί: Γίνεσθε οὖν φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις, καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί. Καὶ τί δύναιτ' ἂν ἡ ἡμετέρα φρόνησις, φησὶν, ἐν τοσούτοις κινδύνοις; πῶς δὲ ὅλως δυνησόμεθα φρόνησιν ἔχειν, ὑπὸ τοσούτων περιαντλούμενοι κυμάτων; Ὅσον γὰρ ἂν γένηται φρόνιμον πρόβατον μεταξὺ λύκων ὂν, καὶ λύκων τοσούτων, τί δυνήσεται πλέον ἀνύσαι; ὅσον ἂν γένηται ἀκέραιος ἡ περιστερὰ, τί ὠφελήσει, τοσούτων ἐπικειμένων ἱεράκων; Ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἀλόγων, οὐδέν: ἐπὶ δὲ ὑμῶν, τὰ μέγιστα. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν ποίαν φρόνησιν ἐνταῦθα ἀπαιτεῖ. Τὴν τοῦ ὄφεως, φησί. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος τὰ πάντα προΐεται, κἂν αὐτὸ δέῃ τὸ σῶμα ἀποτμηθῆναι, οὐ σφόδρα ἀντέχεται αὐτοῦ, ὥστε τὴν κεφαλὴν διατηρῆσαι: οὕτω καὶ σὺ, φησὶ, πλὴν τῆς πίστεως πάντα ἐκδίδου, κἂν χρήματα, κἂν τὸ σῶμα, κἂν αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκδοῦναι δέῃ. Ἐκεῖνο γὰρ ἡ κεφαλὴ καὶ ἡ ῥίζα: κἀκείνης διατηρουμένης, κἂν πάντα ἀπολέσῃς, ἅπαντα ἀνακτήσῃ πάλιν μετὰ πλείονος τῆς περιφανείας. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο οὔτε ἁπλοῦν τινα εἶναι καὶ ἀφελῆ προσέταξεν, οὔτε φρόνιμον μόνον, ἀλλ' ἐκέρασε ταῦτα ἀμφότερα, ὥστε γενέσθαι αὐτὰ ἀρετήν: τὴν μὲν φρόνησιν τοῦ ὄφεως εἰς τὸ μὴ πλήττεσθαι ἐν τοῖς καιρίοις παραλαβών: τὸ δὲ ἀκέραιον τῆς περιστερᾶς, εἰς τὸ μὴ ἀμύνεσθαι τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας, μηδὲ τιμωρεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας: ἐπεὶ πάλιν οὐδὲν ὄφελος τῆς φρονήσεως, ἂν μὴ τοῦτο προσῇ. Τί τοίνυν τούτων εὐτονώτερον γένοιτ' ἂν τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων; Οὐ γὰρ ἤρκει τὸ παθεῖν κακῶς; Οὐχὶ, φησίν: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἀγανακτεῖν σοι συγχωρῶ. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἡ περιστερά. Ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις κάλαμον εἰς πῦρ ἐμβαλὼν, κελεύοι μὴ καίεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς, ἀλλὰ σβεννύναι τὸ πῦρ. Ἀλλὰ μὴ θορυβώμεθα: καὶ γὰρ ἐξέβη ταῦτα, καὶ τέλος ἔλαβε, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῶν ἐδείχθη τῶν ἔργων, καὶ φρόνιμοι γεγόνασιν ὡς οἱ ὄφεις, καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί: οὐκ ἄλλης ὄντες φύσεως, ἀλλὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμῖν. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀδύνατα νομιζέτω τις εἶναι τὰ ἐπιτάγματα. Πρὸ γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων αὐτὸς οἶδε τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων φύσιν: οἶδεν ὅτι θρασύτης οὐ θρασύτητι, ἀλλ' ἐπιεικείᾳ σβέννυται. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων τοῦτο γινόμενον ἰδεῖν ἐθέλοις, ἀνάγνωθι τῶν Πράξεων τῶν ἀποστόλων τὸ βιβλίον, καὶ ὄψει ποσάκις τοῦ δήμου τῶν Ἰουδαίων κατεξαναστάντος καὶ τοὺς ὀδόντας θήγοντος, τὴν περιστερὰν οὗτοι μιμούμενοι, καὶ μετὰ τῆς πρεπούσης ἐπιεικείας ἀποκρινόμενοι, κατέλυσαν τὸν ἐκείνων θυμὸν, ἔσβεσαν τὴν μανίαν, ἐξέλυσαν τὴν ὁρμήν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔλεγον: Οὐ παραγγελίᾳ παρηγγείλαμεν ὑμῖν μὴ λαλεῖν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ; καίτοι μυρία δυνάμενοι θαυματουργεῖν, τραχὺ μὲν οὐδὲν οὔτε εἶπον, οὔτε ἐποίησαν, μετὰ πραότητος δὲ πάσης ἀπελογοῦντο λέγοντες: Εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ Θεοῦ, κρίνατε. Εἶδες τὸ ἀκέραιον τῆς περιστερᾶς; βλέπε τὸ φρόνιμον τοῦ ὄφεως: Ἡμεῖς γὰρ οὐ δυνάμεθα ἃ οἴδαμεν καὶ ἠκούσαμεν μὴ λαλεῖν. Εἶδες πῶς πανταχόθεν ἠκριβωμένους εἶναι χρὴ, ὥστε μὴ ὑπὸ κινδύνων ταπεινοῦσθαι, μηδὲ ὑπὸ θυμοῦ παροξύνεσθαι; Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἔλεγε: Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων: παραδώσουσι γὰρ ὑμᾶς εἰς συνέδρια, καὶ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν μαστιγώσουσιν ὑμᾶς: καὶ ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσι. Πάλιν γὰρ νήφειν αὐτοὺς παρασκευάζει, πανταχοῦ τὸ μὲν παθεῖν κακῶς αὐτοῖς διδοὺς, τὸ δὲ ποιῆσαι ἑτέροις ἀφιεὶς, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι ἐν τῷ παθεῖν κακῶς ἡ νίκη, καὶ τὰ λαμπρὰ ἐντεῦθεν ἕστηκε τρόπαια. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπε, Πυκτεύετε καὶ ὑμεῖς, καὶ ἀνθίστασθε τοῖς ἐπηρεάζειν βουλομένοις ὑμῖν: ἀλλ' ὅτι Τὰ ἔσχατα πείσεσθε, μόνον. γʹ. Βαβαί! πόση τοῦ λέγοντος ἡ δύναμις! πόση τῶν ἀκουόντων ἡ φιλοσοφία! Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα ἄξιον θαυμάζειν, πῶς οὐκ εὐθέως ἀπεπήδησαν ταῦτα ἀκούοντες, ἄνθρωποι ψοφοδεεῖς, καὶ τὴν λίμνην οὐδέποτε ὑπερβάντες ἐκείνην, περὶ ἣν ἡλίευον: πῶς δὲ οὐκ ἐνενόησαν, καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς εἶπον: Καὶ ποῦ φευξόμεθα λοιπόν; Τὰ δικαστήρια καθ' ἡμῶν, οἱ βασιλεῖς καθ' ἡμῶν, οἱ ἡγεμόνες, αἱ συναγωγαὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, οἱ δῆμοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἄρχοντες καὶ ἀρχόμενοι. Ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ οὐχὶ μόνον τὴν Παλαιστίνην αὐτοῖς καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ κακὰ προανεφώνησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς τῆς οἰκουμένης παρήνοιξε πολέμους, εἰπών: Ἐπὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε καὶ ἡγεμόνας: δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσι μετὰ ταῦτα κήρυκας αὐτοὺς ἔμελλε πέμπειν. Τὴν οἰκουμένην ἡμῖν ἐξεπολέμωσας, τοὺς τὴν γῆν οἰκοῦντας ἅπαντας ὥπλισας καθ' ἡμῶν, δήμους, τυράννους, βασιλεῖς. Καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς δὲ πολὺ φρικωδέστερον, ὅταν καὶ ἀδελφοκτόνοι καὶ παιδοκτόνοι καὶ πατροκτόνοι δι' ἡμᾶς μέλλωσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι γίνεσθαι. Παραδώσει γὰρ, φησὶν, ἀδελφὸς ἀδελφὸν εἰς θάνατον, καὶ πατὴρ τέκνον, καὶ ἐπαναστήσονται τέκνα ἐπὶ γονεῖς, καὶ θανατώσουσιν αὐτούς. Πῶς οὖν οἱ λοιποὶ, φησὶ, πιστεύσουσιν, ὅταν ἴδωσι δι' ἡμᾶς παῖδας ὑπὸ πατέρων ἀναιρουμένους, καὶ ἀδελφοὺς ὑπὸ ἀδελφῶν, καὶ μιασμάτων τὰ πάντα πληρούμενα; Οὐ γὰρ ὡς δαίμονας ἀλάστορας, οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἐναγεῖς καὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης λυμεῶνας ἀπελάσουσιν ἡμᾶς πάντοθεν, αἱμάτων συγγενικῶν τὴν γῆν πληρουμένην ὁρῶντες καὶ φόνων τοιούτων; Καλήν γε (οὐ γάρ;) τὴν εἰρήνην εἰς τὰς οἰκίας εἰσάγοντες δώσομεν, τοσούτων αὐτὰς ἐμπιπλῶντες σφαγῶν. Εἰ γὰρ πολλοί τινες ἦμεν, καὶ μὴ δώδεκα: εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἰδιῶται μηδὲ ἀγράμματοι, ἀλλὰ σοφοὶ καὶ ῥήτορες καὶ δεινοὶ λέγειν: μᾶλλον δὲ εἰ βασιλεῖς αὐτοὶ, καὶ στρατόπεδα ἔχοντες, καὶ χρημάτων περιουσίαν: πῶς ἂν ἰσχύσαμεν πεῖσαί τινας, ἐμφυλίους πολέμους ἀνάπτοντες, καὶ ἐμφυλίων δὲ πολλῷ χαλεπωτέρους; Κἂν γὰρ τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας καταφρονήσωμεν, τίς ἡμῖν τῶν ἄλλων προσέξει; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων οὔτε ἐνενόησαν, οὔτε εἶπον, οὔτε εὐθύνας ἀπῄτουν τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων, ἀλλ' εἶκον καὶ ἐπείθοντο μόνον. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐ τῆς αὐτῶν ἀρετῆς ἦν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς τοῦ Διδασκάλου σοφίας. Ὅρα γὰρ πῶς ἑκάστῳ τῶν δεινῶν παραμυθίαν παρέζευξε: καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν μὴ δεχομένων αὐτοὺς ἔλεγεν: Ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται γῇ Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόῤῥας ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως, ἢ τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ: καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν εἰπὼν, Ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε, ἐπήγαγεν, ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν. Οὐ μικρὰ δὲ αὕτη παράκλησις, τὸ καὶ διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ταῦτα πάσχειν, καὶ εἰς ἔλεγχον ἐκείνων. Ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς, κἂν μηδεὶς προσέχῃ, τὰ αὐτοῦ πανταχοῦ φαίνεται ποιῶν. Ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοὺς παρεκάλει, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τῆς ἑτέρων ἐπεθύμουν τιμωρίας, ἀλλ' ἵνα θαῤῥεῖν ἔχωσιν, ὅτι πανταχοῦ αὐτὸν ἕξουσι συμπαρόντα, τὸν καὶ προειπόντα καὶ προειδότα ταῦτα, καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ὡς πονηροὶ καὶ λυμεῶνες ταῦτα πείσονται. Μετὰ δὲ τούτων οὐ μικρὰν καὶ ἑτέραν προστίθησιν αὐτοῖς παράκλησιν, λέγων: Ὅταν δὲ παραδώσουσιν ὑμᾶς, μὴ μεριμνήσητε πῶς ἢ τί λαλήσετε: δοθήσεται γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ τί λαλήσετε. Οὐ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ λαλοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ὑμῖν. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγωσι, Πῶς πεῖσαι δυνησόμεθα, τοιούτων γινομένων πραγμάτων; καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀπολογίας κελεύει θαῤῥεῖν. Καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ μέν φησιν: Ἐγὼ δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα καὶ σοφίαν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ, Τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν ἐστι τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ὑμῖν, εἰς τὸ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοὺς ἀνάγων ἀξίωμα. Διὰ τοῦτο, ὅτε εἶπε τὴν δύναμιν τὴν δεδομένην, τότε καὶ τὰ δεινὰ ἐπήγαγε, τοὺς φόνους καὶ τὰς σφαγάς. Παραδώσει γὰρ ἀδελφὸς ἀδελφὸν, φησὶν, εἰς θάνατον, καὶ πατὴρ τέκνον, καὶ ἐπαναστήσονται τέκνα ἐπὶ γονεῖς, καὶ θανατώσουσιν αὐτούς. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα ἔστη, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ πολὺ φρικωδέστερον προσέθηκε, καὶ πέτραν ἱκανὸν διασαλεῦσαι, ὅτι Καὶ ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν ἐπὶ θύραις ἡ παράκλησις: Διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου γὰρ, φησὶ, ταῦτα πείσεσθε. Καὶ μετὰ τούτου πάλιν ἕτερον: Ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται. Ταῦτα δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἱκανὰ ἦν ἀνορθῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰ φρονήματα, εἴγε τοσαύτη τοῦ κηρύγματος ἔμελλεν ἀνάπτεσθαι δύναμις, ὡς φύσιν ἀτιμάζεσθαι, καὶ συγγένειαν ἐκβάλλεσθαι, καὶ προτιμᾶσθαι πάντων τὸν λόγον, κατὰ κράτος πάντα ἐλαύνοντα. Εἰ γὰρ φύσεως τυραννὶς οὐκ ἰσχύει πρὸς τὰ λεγόμενα ἀντιστῆναι, ἀλλὰ διαλύεται καὶ καταπατεῖται, τί ἕτερον ὑμῶν περιγενέσθαι δυνήσεται; Οὐ μὴν, ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα ἔσται, ἐν ἀδείᾳ ὑμῶν ἔσται ὁ βίος, ἀλλὰ καὶ κοινοὺς ἕξετε πολεμίους καὶ ἐχθροὺς τοὺς τὴν οἰκουμένην οἰκοῦντας. δʹ. Ποῦ νῦν Πλάτων; ποῦ Πυθαγόρας; ποῦ τῶν Στωϊκῶν ὁ ὁρμαθός; Καὶ γὰρ πολλῆς ἀπολαύσας ἐκεῖνος τιμῆς, οὕτως ἠλέγχετο, ὡς καὶ ἀπεμποληθῆναι, καὶ μηδὲν ὧν ἐβούλετο κατορθῶσαι, οὐδὲ ἐφ' ἑνὸς τυράννου: ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς προδοὺς, ἐλεεινῶς τὸν βίον κατέλυσε. Καὶ τὰ Κυνικὰ καθάρματα ὥσπερ ὄναρ καὶ σκιὰ πάντες παρῆλθον. Καίτοιγε οὐδέποτε τοιοῦτον οὐδὲν ἐκείνοις συνέπεσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ λαμπροὶ διὰ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν τὴν ἔξωθεν εἶναι ἐδόκουν, καὶ τὰς ἐπιστολὰς ἀνέθεσαν δημοσίᾳ Ἀθηναῖοι τὰς Πλάτωνος παρὰ Δίωνος πεμφθείσας, καὶ ἐν ἀνέσει τὸν πάντα διῆγον χρόνον, καὶ χρήμασιν ἐπλούτουν οὐκ ὀλίγοις. Οὕτω γοῦν ὁ μὲν Ἀρίστιππος πόρνας ἠγόραζε πολυτελεῖς: ὁ δὲ διαθήκας ἔγραφεν, οὐ τὸν τυχόντα κλῆρον καταλιμπάνων: ὁ δὲ, τῶν μαθητῶν γεφυρωσάντων ἑαυτοὺς, ἄνωθεν ἐβάδιζε: τὸν δὲ Σινωπέα φασὶ καὶ δημοσίᾳ ἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς. Ταῦτα γὰρ αὐτῶν τὰ σεμνά. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐνταῦθα, ἀλλ' ἐπιτεταμένη σωφροσύνη καὶ κοσμιότης ἠκριβωμένη, καὶ πόλεμος πρὸς τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τῆς εὐσεβείας, καὶ τὸ καθ' ἑκάστην σφάττεσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τὰ λαμπρὰ τρόπαια. Ἀλλ' εἰσί τινες, φησὶ, καὶ στρατηγικοὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς, οἷον ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς, ὁ Περικλῆς. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῦτα παίδων ἀθύρματα πρὸς τὰ τῶν ἁλιέων. Τί γὰρ ἂν ἔχοις εἰπεῖν; Ὅτι τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἔπεισεν ἐπιβῆναι τῶν πλοίων, τοῦ Ξέρξου κατὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐλαύνοντος; Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐ Ξέρξου ἐλαύνοντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ διαβόλου μετὰ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης καὶ τῶν ἀπείρων δαιμόνων κατὰ τῶν δώδεκα τούτων ἐπιόντων, οὐκ ἐν ἑνὶ καιρῷ, ἀλλὰ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου, περιεγένοντο καὶ ἐκράτησαν: καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστὸν, οὐκ ἀνελόντες τοὺς ἐναντίους, ἀλλὰ μεταβαλόντες καὶ μεταῤῥυθμίσαντες. Τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα δεῖ πανταχοῦ παρατηρεῖν, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνεῖλον, οὐδὲ ἠφάνισαν τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ δαιμόνων λαβόντες ἴσους, ἀγγέλων ἐποίησαν ἐφαμίλλους, τὴν μὲν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν τῆς πονηρᾶς ταύτης ἐλευθερώσαντες τυραννίδος, τοὺς δὲ ἀλιτηρίους ἐκείνους καὶ πάντα συνταράττοντας δαίμονας ἐκ μέσων ἀγορῶν καὶ οἰκιῶν, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ αὐτῆς ἀπελάσαντες τῆς ἐρημίας. Καὶ μαρτυροῦσιν οἱ τῶν μοναχῶν χοροὶ, οὓς κατεφύτευσαν πανταχοῦ, οὐ τὴν οἰκουμένην μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἀοίκητον ἐκκαθάραντες. Καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστότερον, ὅτι οὐκ ἐκ παρατάξεως ἴσης ταῦτα ἐποίουν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ πάσχειν κακῶς πάντα ἤνυον. Καὶ γὰρ εἶχον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ, δώδεκα ἀνθρώπους ἰδιώτας, δεσμεύοντες, μαστίζοντες, περιάγοντες, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυον ἐπιστομίσαι: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τὴν ἀκτῖνα δῆσαι ἀδύνατον, οὕτω καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν ἐκείνων. Τὸ δὲ αἴτιον, οὐκ αὐτοὶ ἦσαν οἱ λαλοῦντες, ἀλλ' ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος δύναμις. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἐνίκησε τοὺς περὶ Ἀγρίππαν, καὶ τὸν κακίᾳ νικήσαντα πάντας ἀνθρώπους Νέρωνα. Ὁ γὰρ Κύριός μοι παρέστη, φησὶ, καὶ ἐνεδυνάμωσέ με, καὶ ἐῤῥύσατό με ἐκ στόματος λέοντος. Σὺ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὺς θαύμαζε, πῶς ἀκούσαντες, Μὴ μεριμνήσητε, καὶ ἐπίστευσαν καὶ κατεδέξαντο, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς τῶν φοβερῶν ἐξέπληξεν. Εἰ δὲ λέγοις, ὅτι ἱκανὴν αὐτοῖς δέδωκε παράκλησιν τῷ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν ἔσται τὸ λαλοῦν: καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐκπλήττομαι αὐτοὺς, ὅτι οὐκ ἀμφέβαλον, οὐδὲ ἐζήτησαν ἀπαλλαγὴν τῶν δεινῶν: καὶ ταῦτα, οὐ δύο, οὐ τρία ἔτη μέλλοντες ταῦτα πάσχειν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ πάντα τὸν βίον. Τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται, τοῦτό ἐστιν αἰνιττομένου. Βούλεται γὰρ μὴ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ μόνον εἰσφέρεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρ' αὐτῶν γίνεσθαι τὰ κατορθώματα. Σκόπει γοῦν ἄνωθεν πῶς τὰ μὲν αὐτοῦ, τὰ δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν γίνεται. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ σημεῖα ποιεῖν, αὐτοῦ: τὸ δὲ μὴ κτήσασθαι μηδὲν, ἐκείνων. Πάλιν, τὸ τὰς οἰκίας ἀνοῖξαι πάσας, τῆς ἄνωθεν χάριτος: τὸ δὲ μηδὲν πλέον τῆς χρείας ἀπαιτῆσαι, τῆς αὐτῶν φιλοσοφίας: Ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ. Τὸ τὴν εἰρήνην χαρίσασθαι, τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δωρεᾶς: τὸ τοὺς ἀξίους ἐπιζητεῖν, καὶ μὴ πρὸς πάντας ἁπλῶς εἰσιέναι, τῆς αὐτῶν ἐγκρατείας. Πάλιν, τὸ κολάζειν τοὺς μὴ δεχομένους αὐτοὺς, αὐτοῦ: τὸ δὲ μετ' ἐπιεικείας ἀναχωρεῖν ἐκ τούτων, μὴ λοιδορουμένους, μηδὲ ὑβρίζοντας, τῆς τῶν ἀποστόλων πραότητος. Τὸ δοῦναι Πνεῦμα, καὶ μὴ ποιῆσαι μεριμνᾷν, τοῦ πέμποντος ἦν: τὸ δὲ ὡς πρόβατα γίνεσθαι καὶ περιστερὰς, καὶ φέρειν πάντα γενναίως, τῆς τούτων εὐτονίας καὶ συνέσεως. Τὸ μισεῖσθαι, καὶ τὸ μὴ καταπίπτειν, καὶ τὸ ὑπομένειν, αὐτῶν: τὸ ὑπομείναντας σῶσαι, τοῦ πέμποντος. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν: Ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται. εʹ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰώθασιν οἱ πολλοὶ, ἐν μὲν τοῖς προοιμίοις εἶναι σφοδροὶ, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐκλύεσθαι, διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι Τὸ τέλος ἐπιζητῶ. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος σπερμάτων, παρὰ μὲν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀνθούντων, μικρὸν δὲ ὕστερον μαραινομένων; Διὰ τοῦτο διαρκῆ τὴν ὑπομονὴν παρ' αὐτῶν ἀπαιτεῖ. Ἵνα γὰρ μή τις λέγῃ, ὅτι τὸ πᾶν αὐτὸς ἐποίησε, καὶ θαυμαστὸν οὐδὲν, τοιούτους ἐκείνους γενέσθαι οὐδὲν πάσχοντας φορτικὸν, διὰ τοῦτό φησιν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι Καὶ τῆς ὑπομονῆς ὑμῶν χρεία. Κἂν γὰρ τῶν πρώτων ἐξαρπάσω κινδύνων, ἑτέροις χαλεπωτέροις τηρῶ, καὶ μετ' ἐκείνους πάλιν ἕτεροι διαδέξονται: καὶ οὐ στήσεσθε ἐπιβουλευόμενοι, ἕως ἂν ἐμπνέητε. Τοῦτο γὰρ ᾐνίξατο εἰπών: Ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ εἰπὼν, Μὴ μεριμνήσητε, τί λαλήσητε, ἀλλαχοῦ φησιν: Ἕτοιμοι γίνεσθε πρὸς ἀπολογίαν παντὶ τῷ αἰτοῦντι ὑμᾶς λόγον περὶ τῆς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐλπίδος. Ὅταν μὲν γὰρ μεταξὺ φίλων ὁ ἀγὼν ᾖ, κελεύει καὶ ἡμᾶς μεριμνᾷν: ὅταν δὲ δικαστήριον φοβερὸν, καὶ δῆμοι μαινόμενοι, καὶ φόβος πάντοθεν, τὴν παρ' αὐτοῦ παρέχει ῥοπὴν, ὥστε θαῤῥῆσαι καὶ φθέγξασθαι, καὶ μὴ καταπλαγῆναι, μηδὲ προδοῦναι τὰ δίκαια. Καὶ γὰρ πολὺ μέγα ἦν, ἄνθρωπον περὶ λίμνας ἠσχολημένον καὶ δέρματα καὶ τελωνείαν, τυράννων καθημένων, καὶ σατραπῶν παρεστηκότων καὶ δορυφόρων, καὶ τῶν ξιφῶν γεγυμνωμένων, καὶ πάντων μετ' ἐκείνων ἑστώτων, εἰσελθόντα μόνον, δεδεμένον, κάτω κύπτοντα, δυνηθῆναι διᾶραι στόμα. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ λόγου, οὐδὲ ἀπολογίας αὐτοῖς μετεδίδοσαν τῶν δογμάτων ἕνεκεν, ἀλλ' ὡς κοινοὺς τῆς οἰκουμένης λυμεῶνας, οὕτως ἀποτυμπανίζειν ἐπεχείρουν. Οἱ γὰρ τὴν οἰκουμένην, φησὶν, ἀναστατώσαντες, οὗτοι καὶ ἐνθάδε πάρεισι: καὶ πάλιν Ἐναντία τοῖς Καίσαρος δόγμασι πρεσβεύουσι, λέγοντες εἶναι βασιλέα Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν. Καὶ πανταχοῦ τὰ δικαστήρια προκατείληπτο ταῖς τοιαύταις ὑπονοίαις, καὶ πολλῆς ἔδει τῆς ἄνωθεν ῥοπῆς εἰς τὸ ἀμφότερα δεῖξαι, καὶ τὸ δόγμα ἀληθὲς ὂν, ὅπερ ἐπρέσβευον, καὶ ὅτι οὐ λυμαίνονται τοῖς κοινοῖς νόμοις, καὶ μήτε σπουδάζοντας εἰπεῖν περὶ τοῦ δόγματος, ἐμπεσεῖν εἰς ὑπόνοιαν τῆς τῶν νόμων ἀνατροπῆς, μηδ' αὖ πάλιν σπουδάζοντας δεῖξαι, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνατρέπουσι τὴν κοινὴν πολιτείαν, διαφθεῖραι τὴν τῶν δογμάτων ἀκρίβειαν: ἅπερ ἅπαντα ὄψει καὶ παρὰ Πέτρῳ, καὶ παρὰ Παύλῳ, καὶ παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἅπασι μετὰ τῆς πρεπούσης συνέσεως κατωρθωμένα. Καὶ γὰρ ὡς στασιασταὶ καὶ νεωτεροποιοὶ καὶ καινοτόμοι πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐνεκαλοῦντο: ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ταύτην ἀπεκρούσαντο τὴν ὑπόνοιαν, καὶ τὴν ἐναντίαν ἑαυτοῖς περιέθηκαν, ὡς σωτῆρες καὶ κηδεμόνες καὶ εὐεργέται παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνακηρυττόμενοι. Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα διὰ τῆς πολλῆς κατώρθουν ὑπομονῆς. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος ἔλεγε: Καθ' ἡμέραν ἀποθνήσκω: καὶ μέχρι τέλους κινδυνεύων διέμενε. Τίνος οὖν ἂν εἴημεν ἄξιοι, τοσαῦτα ἔχοντες ὑποδείγματα, καὶ ἐν εἰρήνῃ μαλακιζόμενοι καὶ καταπίπτοντες; Οὐδενὸς γοῦν πολεμοῦντος σφαττόμεθα, οὐδενὸς διώκοντος ἐκλυόμεθα: ἐν εἰρήνῃ σωθῆναι κελευόμεθα, καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο δυνάμεθα. Κἀκεῖνοι μὲν, τῆς οἰκουμένης καιομένης, καὶ κατὰ τὴν γῆν ἅπασαν τῆς πυρᾶς ἀναπτομένης, εἰσιόντες ἔνδοθεν, ἐκ μέσης ἥρπαζον τῆς φλογὸς τοὺς ἐμπιπραμένους: σὺ δὲ οὐδὲ σαυτὸν διατηρῆσαι δύνασαι. Τίς οὖν ἡμῖν ἔσται παῤῥησία; ποία συγγνώμη; Οὐ μάστιγες, οὐ δεσμωτήρια, οὐκ ἄρχοντες, οὐ συναγωγαὶ, οὐκ ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων ἐπίκειται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὐναντίον ἅπαν, ἡμεῖς ἄρχομεν καὶ κρατοῦμεν. Καὶ γὰρ βασιλεῖς εὐσεβεῖς, καὶ τιμαὶ πολλαὶ Χριστιανοῖς, καὶ προεδρίαι καὶ δόξαι καὶ ἀνέσεις: καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω περιγινόμεθα. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ἀπαγόμενοι καθ' ἡμέραν, καὶ διδάσκαλοι καὶ μαθηταὶ, καὶ μυρίους μώλωπας ἔχοντες καὶ συνεχῆ στίγματα, τῶν ἐν παραδείσῳ διαγόντων μᾶλλον ἐτρύφων: ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ ὄναρ τοιοῦτόν τι ὑπομείναντες, κηροῦ παντός ἐσμεν μαλακώτεροι. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι, φησὶν, ἐθαυματούργουν. Διὰ τοῦτο γοῦν οὐκ ἐμαστιγοῦντο; διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἠλαύνοντο; Καὶ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ παράδοξον, ὅτι καὶ παρὰ τῶν εὐεργετουμένων πολλάκις τοιαῦτα ἔπασχον, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐθορυβοῦντο, κακὰ ἀντὶ ἀγαθῶν ἀπολαμβάνοντες: σὺ δὲ, ἄν τινα εὐεργετήσῃς μικράν τινα εὐεργεσίαν, εἶτα λυπηροῦ τινος ἀπολαύσῃς, θορυβῇ, ταράττῃ, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ γεγενημένῳ μετανοεῖς. Ϛʹ. Εἰ τοίνυν γένοιτο, ὃ μὴ γένοιτο, μηδὲ συμβαίη ποτὲ, γενέσθαι πόλεμον Ἐκκλησιῶν καὶ διωγμὸν, ἐννόησον πόσος ἔσται ὁ γέλως, πόσα τὰ ὀνείδη. Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως: ὅταν γὰρ ἐν τῇ παλαίστρᾳ μηδεὶς γυμνάζηται, πῶς ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν ἔσται λαμπρός; Ποῖος γὰρ ἀθλητὴς, παιδοτρίβην οὐκ εἰδὼς, δυνήσεται, καλούντων τῶν Ὀλυμπιακῶν ἀγώνων, μέγα τι καὶ γενναῖον ἐπιδείξασθαι πρὸς τὸν ἀνταγωνιστήν; Οὐ γὰρ ἐχρῆν καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν παλαίειν ἡμᾶς, καὶ πυκτεύειν, καὶ τρέχειν; Οὐχ ὁρᾶτε τοὺς λεγομένους πεντάθλους, ἐπειδὰν μηδένα ἔχωσι τὸν ἀνταγωνιστὴν, πῶς θύλακον ἄμμου γεμίσαντες πολλῆς, καὶ κρεμάσαντες, ἐκεῖ τὴν ἰσχὺν γυμνάζουσιν ἅπασαν; οἱ δὲ τούτων νεώτεροι ἐν τοῖς τῶν ἑταίρων σώμασι μελετῶσι τὴν πρὸς τοὺς ἐχθροὺς μάχην; Τούτους καὶ σὺ ζήλωσον, καὶ μελέτα τῆς φιλοσοφίας τὰ παλαίσματα. Καὶ γὰρ εἰς θυμὸν πολλοὶ παροξύνουσι, καὶ εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἐμβάλλουσι, καὶ πολλὴν ἀνάπτουσι φλόγα. Στῆθι τοίνυν κατὰ τῶν παθῶν, φέρε γενναίως τὰς κατὰ διάνοιαν ὀδύνας, ἵνα καὶ τὰς τοῦ σώματος ἐνέγκῃς. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ μακάριος Ἰὼβ, εἰ μὴ καλῶς ἦν γυμνασάμενος πρὸ τῶν ἀγώνων, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω λαμπρῶς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγώνων ἔλαμψεν: εἰ μὴ μεμελετήκει πάσης ἐκτὸς ἀθυμίας εἶναι, εἶπεν ἄν τι τολμηρὸν, τῶν παίδων ἀποθανόντων. Νυνὶ δὲ πρὸς πάντα ἔστη τὰ παλαίσματα, πρὸς χρημάτων ἀπώλειαν καὶ περιουσίας τοσαύτης ἀφανισμὸν, πρὸς παίδων ἀποβολὴν, πρὸς γυναικὸς συμπάθειαν, πρὸς σώματος μάστιγας, πρὸς ὀνείδη φίλων, πρὸς λοιδορίας οἰκετῶν. Εἰ δὲ θέλεις καὶ τὰ γυμνάσια αὐτοῦ ἰδεῖν, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ λέγοντος, πῶς κατεφρόνει χρημάτων: Εἰ δὲ καὶ εὐφράνθην, φησὶ, πολλοῦ πλούτου μοι γενομένου: εἰ ἔταξα χρυσίον εἰς χοῦν, εἰ λίθῳ πολυτελεῖ ἐπεποίθειν. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ ἁρπαγέντων αὐτῶν ἐθορυβεῖτο, ἐπειδὴ καὶ παρόντων αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπεθύμει. Ἄκουσον πῶς καὶ τὰ κατὰ τοὺς παῖδας διῴκει, οὐ καταμαλακιζόμενος παρὰ τὸ δέον, ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν ἀκρίβειαν παρ' αὐτῶν ἀπαιτῶν. Ὁ γὰρ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδήλων θυσίαν ἀναφέρων, ἐννόησον πῶς ἦν ἀκριβὴς τῶν φανερῶν δικαστής. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τοὺς περὶ σωφροσύνης ἀγῶνας ἀκοῦσαι βούλει, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Διαθήκην διεθέμην τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου, τοῦ μὴ κατανοῆσαι εἰς παρθένον. Διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸν οὐ κατέκλασεν ἡ γυνή: ἐφίλει μὲν γὰρ αὐτὴν καὶ πρὸ τούτου, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὑπὲρ τὸ μέτρον, ἀλλ' ὡς εἰκὸς γυναῖκα. Ὅθεν μοι καὶ θαυμάσαι ἔπεισι, πόθεν ἐπῆλθε τῷ διαβόλῳ, εἰδότι αὐτοῦ τὰ γυμνάσια, κινῆσαι τοὺς ἀγῶνας. Πόθεν οὖν ἐπῆλθε; Πονηρόν ἐστι τὸ θηρίον, καὶ οὐδέποτε ἀπογινώσκει: ὃ μέγιστον ἡμῖν κατάκριμα γίνεται, ὅτι ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὐδέποτε ἡμῶν ἀπελπίζει τὴν ἀπώλειαν, ἡμεῖς δὲ τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀπογινώσκομεν σωτηρίαν. Ἀλλὰ σώματος πήρωσιν καὶ λώβην σκόπει πῶς ἐμελέτα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸς οὐδέποτέ τι τοιοῦτον ὑπέμεινεν, ἀλλ' ἐν πλούτῳ καὶ τρυφῇ καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ περιφανείᾳ διετέλεσε ζῶν, τὰς ἀλλοτρίας καθ' ἑκάστην ὠνειροπόλει συμφοράς: καὶ τοῦτο δηλῶν ἔλεγε: Φόβος γὰρ, ὃν ἐφοβούμην, ἦλθέ μοι, καὶ ὃν ἐδεδοίκειν, συνήντησέ μοι. Καὶ πάλιν: Ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπὶ παντὶ ἀδυνάτῳ ἔκλαυσα, καὶ ἐστέναξα ἰδὼν ἄνδρα ἐν ἀνάγκαις: διὰ δὴ τοῦτο οὐδὲν αὐτὸν ἐθορύβει τῶν προσπιπτόντων, τῶν μεγάλων ἐκείνων καὶ ἀφορήτων. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὴν ἀπώλειαν ἴδῃς τῶν χρημάτων, μηδὲ τὴν τῶν παίδων ἀφαίρεσιν, μηδὲ τὴν πληγὴν ἐκείνην τὴν ἀνίατον, μηδὲ τὴν τῆς γυναικὸς ἐπιβουλήν: ἀλλὰ τὰ πολλῷ τούτων χαλεπώτερα. Καὶ τί τούτων χαλεπώτερον, φησὶν, ἔπαθεν ὁ Ἰώβ; παρὰ γὰρ τῆς ἱστορίας οὐδὲν τούτων πλέον μανθάνομεν. Ἐπειδὴ καθεύδομεν, οὐ μανθάνομεν: ὡς ὅ γε μεριμνῶν, καὶ τὸν μαργαρίτην καλῶς διερευνώμενος, πολλῷ πλείονα τούτων εἴσεται. Τὰ γὰρ χαλεπώτερα καὶ ἱκανὰ μείζονα ἐνιέναι θόρυβον, ἕτερα ἦν. Καὶ πρῶτον, τὸ μηδὲν εἰδέναι περὶ βασιλείας οὐρανῶν καὶ ἀναστάσεως σαφές: ὅπερ οὖν καὶ θρηνῶν ἔλεγεν: Οὐ γὰρ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ζήσομαι, ἵνα μακροθυμήσω. Δεύτερον, τὸ πολλὰ ἑαυτῷ συνειδέναι καλά. Τρίτον, τὸ μηδὲν συνειδέναι πονηρόν. Τέταρτον, τὸ παρὰ Θεοῦ νομίζειν ταῦτα ὑπομένειν: εἰ δὲ καὶ παρὰ διαβόλου, καὶ τοῦτο ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτὸν σκανδαλίσαι. Πέμπτον, τὸ ἀκούειν τῶν φίλων ἐπὶ κακίᾳ διαβαλλόντων αὐτόν: Οὐκ ἄξια γὰρ, φησὶν, ὧν ἥμαρτες, μεμαστίγωσαι. Ἕκτον, τὸ τοὺς πονηρίᾳ ζῶντας εὖ πάσχοντας ὁρᾷν, καὶ ἐπεγγελῶντας αὐτῷ. Ἕβδομον, τὸ μὴ ἔχειν εἰς ἕτερον ἰδεῖν τοιαῦτα πεπονθότα ποτέ. ζʹ. Καὶ εἰ βούλει μαθεῖν, ἡλίκα ταῦτά ἐστιν, ἐννόησον τὰ παρόντα. Εἰ γὰρ νῦν βασιλείας προσδοκωμένης, καὶ ἀναστάσεως ἐλπιζομένης, καὶ τῶν ἀποῤῥήτων ἀγαθῶν, καὶ μυρία συνειδότες ἑαυτοῖς κακὰ, καὶ τοσαῦτα ἔχοντες παραδείγματα, καὶ τοσαύτης μετέχοντες φιλοσοφίας, ἂν ὀλίγον χρυσίον ἀπολέσωσί τινες, καὶ τοῦτο πολλάκις ἁρπάσαντες, ἀβίωτον τὸν βίον εἶναι νομίζουσιν, οὐ γυναικὸς ἐπικειμένης, οὐ παίδων ἀφαιρεθέντων, οὐ φίλων ὀνειδιζόντων, οὐκ οἰκετῶν ἐπεμβαινόντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῶν ὄντων τῶν παρακαλούντων, τῶν μὲν διὰ ῥημάτων, τῶν δὲ διὰ πραγμάτων: πόσων οὐκ ἄξιος ἐκεῖνος ἂν εἴη στεφάνων, τὰ ἐκ δικαίων πόνων συλλεγέντα ὁρῶν ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν ἁρπαζόμενα, καὶ μετὰ πάντα ἐκεῖνα μυρία ὑπομένων πειρασμῶν νιφάδας, καὶ διὰ πάντων ἀκίνητος μένων, καὶ τὴν προσήκουσαν ἀναφέρων τῷ Δεσπότῃ περὶ τούτων εὐχαριστίαν; Ἂν γὰρ μηδὲν τῶν ἄλλων μηδεὶς εἴπῃ, τὰ τῆς γυναικὸς μόνον ῥήματα καὶ πέτραν ἦν ἱκανὰ διασαλεῦσαι. Ὅρα γοῦν αὐτῆς τὴν κακουργίαν. Οὐ μέμνηται χρημάτων, οὐ μέμνηται καμήλων καὶ ποιμνίων καὶ βουκολίων (συνῄδει γὰρ τῷ ἀνδρὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τούτοις φιλοσοφίαν), ἀλλὰ τοῦ πάντων τούτων φορτικωτέρου, τῶν παίδων λέγω, καὶ πλατύνει τὴν τραγῳδίαν, καὶ τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῆς προστίθησιν Εἰ δὲ ἐν εὐθηνίᾳ ὄντας καὶ μηδὲν πάσχοντας ἀηδὲς, πολλὰ πολλάκις ἔπεισαν γυναῖκες: ἐννόησον πῶς ἦν ἐκείνη νεανικὴ ἡ ψυχὴ, μετὰ τοσούτων ὅπλων αὐτὴν ἐπελθοῦσαν ἀποκρουσαμένη, καὶ δύο τὰ τυραννικώτατα πάθη καταπατήσασα, ἐπιθυμίαν καὶ ἔλεον. Καίτοι πολλοὶ τῶν κρατησάντων ἐπιθυμίας, ὑπ' ἐλέου ἐκάμφθησαν. Ὁ γοῦν γενναῖος ἐκεῖνος Ἰωσὴφ τῆς μὲν τυραννικωτάτης ἡδονῆς κατέσχε, καὶ τὴν βάρβαρον ἐκείνην γυναῖκα διεκρούσατο μυρία προσάγουσαν μηχανήματα: δακρύων δὲ οὐ κατέσχεν, ἀλλ' ἰδὼν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς ἠδικηκότας, ἐνεπρήσθη τῷ πάθει, καὶ τὸ προσωπεῖον ταχέως ῥίψας, τὸ δρᾶμα ἀπεκάλυψεν. Ὅταν δὲ καὶ γυνὴ ᾖ, καὶ ἐλεεινὰ λέγῃ, καὶ τὸν καιρὸν ἔχῃ συμπράττοντα, καὶ τὰ τραύματα, καὶ τοὺς μώλωπας, καὶ τὰ μυρία κύματα τῶν συμφορῶν, πῶς οὐκ ἄν τις δικαίως ἀδάμαντος παντὸς στεῤῥοτέραν τὴν οὐδὲν ὑπὸ τοσούτου χειμῶνος παθοῦσαν ψυχὴν εἶναι ἀποφήναιτο; Δότε μοι μετὰ παῤῥησίας εἰπεῖν, ὅτι καὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων, εἰ μὴ μείζων, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἐλάττων ὁ μακάριος οὗτος ἦν. Ἐκείνους μὲν γὰρ παρεμυθεῖτο τὸ διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν πάσχειν: καὶ οὕτω τοῦτο ἱκανὸν ἦν τὸ φάρμακον καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν αὐτοὺς ἀναστῆσαι, ὡς πανταχοῦ αὐτὸ τιθέναι τὸν Δεσπότην, Δι' ἐμὲ, καὶ, Ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, λέγοντα, καὶ, Εἰ ἐμὲ τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκάλεσαν. Ἐκεῖνος δὲ ταύτης ἔρημος ἦν τῆς παραμυθίας, καὶ τῆς ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων, καὶ τῆς ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶχε τοσαύτην Πνεύματος δύναμιν. Καὶ τὸ δὴ μεῖζον. ὅτιπερ ἐν πολλῇ τρυφῇ τραφεὶς, οὐκ ἐξ ἁλιέων καὶ τελωνῶν καὶ τῶν εὐτελῶς βεβιωκότων, ἀλλὰ τοσαύτης ἀπολελαυκὼς τιμῆς, ἔπασχεν ἅπερ ἔπασχεν ἅπαντα. Καὶ ὅπερ φορτικώτατον ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων εἶναι ἐδόκει, τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπέμενε, παρὰ φίλων, παρὰ οἰκετῶν, παρ' ἐχθρῶν μισούμενος, παρὰ τῶν εὖ πεπονθότων: καὶ τὴν ἱερὰν ἄγκυραν, καὶ τὸν ἀκύμαντον λιμένα (τοῦτο δὲ ἦν τὸ τοῖς ἀποστόλοις εἰρημένον, τὸ, Ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ), τοῦτο ἰδεῖν οὐκ εἶχε. Θαυμάζω καὶ τοὺς παῖδας τοὺς τρεῖς, ὅτι κατετόλμησαν καμίνου, ὅτι κατεξανέστησαν τυράννου. Ἀλλ' ἄκουσον τί λέγουσι: Τοῖς θεοῖς σου οὐ λατρεύομεν, καὶ τῇ εἰκόνι ᾗ ἔστησας οὐ προσκυνοῦμεν. Ὅπερ μεγίστη παραμυθία αὐτοῖς ἦν, τὸ σαφῶς εἰδέναι, ὅτι διὰ τὸν Θεὸν πάντα πάσχουσιν, ἅπερ ἂν πάθωσιν. Οὗτος δὲ οὐκ ᾔδει, ὅτι ἀγωνίσματα ταῦτα ἦν καὶ πάλη: εἰ γὰρ ᾔδει, οὐκ ἂν ᾔσθετο τῶν γινομένων. Ὅτε γοῦν ἤκουσεν, ὅτι Ἄλλως με οἴει σοι κεχρηματικέναι, ἢ ἵνα ἀναφανῇς δίκαιος; ἐννόησον πῶς εὐθέως ἀπὸ ψιλοῦ ῥήματος ἀνέπνευσε: πῶς ἐξηυτέλισεν ἑαυτόν: πῶς οὐδὲ πεπονθέναι ἐνόμισεν ἅπερ ἔπαθεν, οὕτω λέγων: Τί ἔτι κρίνομαι νουθετούμενος καὶ ἐλεγχόμενος ὑπὸ Κυρίου, ἀκούων τοιαῦτα, οὐδὲν ὢν ἐγώ; Καὶ πάλιν: Ἕως μὲν ὠτὸς ἀκοῆς ἤκουόν σου τὸ πρότερον: νυνὶ δὲ ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου ἑώρακέ σε: διὸ ἐφαύλισα ἐμαυτὸν καὶ ἐτάκην: ἥγημαι δὲ ἐμαυτὸν γῆν καὶ σποδόν. Ταύτην τοίνυν τὴν ἀνδρείαν, ταύτην τὴν ἐπιείκειαν καὶ ἡμεῖς ζηλώσωμεν, οἱ μετὰ νόμον καὶ χάριν, τοῦ πρὸ νόμου καὶ χάριτος γενομένου, ἵνα καὶ τῶν αἰωνίων αὐτῷ δυνηθῶμεν κοινωνῆσαι σκηνῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.