Homily XXXIV.

Matt. X. 23.

“But when they persecute you in this city, flee ye into the other; for verily I say unto you, ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel, till the Son of Man be come.”

Having spoken of those fearful and horrible things, enough to melt very adamant, which after His cross, and resurrection, and assumption, were to befall them, He directs again His discourse to what was of more tranquil character, allowing those whom He is training to recover breath, and affording them full security. For He did not at all command them, when persecuted, to close with the enemy, but to fly. That is, it being so far but a beginning, and a prelude, He gave His discourse a very condescending turn. For not now of the ensuing persecutions is He speaking, but of those before the cross and the passion. And this He showed by saying, “Ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel, till the Son of Man be come.” That is, lest they should say, “What then, if when persecuted we flee, and there again they overtake us, and drive us out?”—to destroy this fear, He saith, “Ye shall not have gone round Palestine first, but I will straightway come upon you.”

And see how here again He doeth not away with the terrors, but stands by them in their perils. For He said not, “I will snatch you out, and will put an end to the persecutions;” but what? “Ye shall not have gone over the cities of Israel, till the Son of Man be come.” Yea, for it sufficed for their consolation, simply to see Him.

But do thou observe, I pray thee, how He doth not on every occasion leave all to grace, but requires something also to be contributed on their part. “For if ye fear,” saith He, “flee,” for this He signified by saying, “flee ye,” and “fear not.”1424   Matt. x. 26. And He did not command them to flee at first, but when persecuted to withdraw; neither is it a great distance that He allows them, but so much as to go about the cities of Israel.

Then again, He trains them for another branch of self-command; first, casting out all care for their food: secondly, all fear of their perils; and now, that of calumny. Since from that first anxiety He freed them, by saying, “The workman is worthy of his hire,”1425   Matt. x. 10.and by signifying that many would receive them; and from their distress about their dangers, by saying, “Take no thought how or what ye shall speak,” and, “He that endureth unto the end, the same shall be saved.”1426   Matt. x. 19, 22.

But since withal it was likely that they should also bring upon themselves an evil report, which to many seems harder to bear than all; see whence He comforts them even in this case, deriving the encouragement from Himself, and from all that had been said touching Himself; to which nothing else was equal. For as He said in that other place, “Ye shall be hated of all men,” and added, “for my name’s sake,” so also here.

And in another way He mitigates it, joining a fresh topic to that former. What kind of one then is it?

“The disciple,” saith He, “is not above his Master, nor the servant above his Lord. It is enough for the disciple that he be as his Master, and the servant as his Lord. If they have called the Master of the house Beelzebub, how much more shall they call them of His household? Fear them not therefore.”1427   Matt. x. 24–26.

See how He discovers Himself to be the Lord and God and Creator of all things. What then? Is there not any disciple above his Master, or servant above his Lord?1428   [In the Greek this seems to be a repetition of verse 24, and not a question.—R.] So long as he is a disciple, and a servant, he is not, by the nature of that honor. For tell me not here of the rare instances, but take the principle from the majority. And He saith not, “How much more His servants,” but “them of His household,” to show how very near He felt them to be to Him.1429   γνησιτητα πιδεικνμενο. And elsewhere too He said, “Henceforth I call you not servants; ye are my friends.”1430   John xv. 15, 14. And He said not, If they have insulted the Master of the house, and calumniated Him; but states also the very form of the insult, that they “called Him Beelzebub.”

Then He gives also another consolation, not inferior to this: for this indeed is the greatest; but because for them who were not yet living strictly, there was need also of another, such as might have special power to refresh them, He states it likewise. And the saying seems indeed in form to be an universal proposition, nevertheless not of all matters, but of those in hand only, is it spoken. For what saith He?

“There is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; nor hid, that shall not be known.”1431   Matt. x. 16. Now what He saith is like this. It is indeed sufficient for your encouragement, that I also shared with you in the same reproach; I who am your Master and Lord. But if it still grieve you to hear these words, consider this other thing too, that even from this suspicion ye will soon be released. For why do ye grieve? At their calling you sorcerers and deceivers? But wait a little, and all men will address you as saviors, and benefactors of the world. Yea, for time discovers all things that are concealed, it will both refute their false accusation, and make manifest your virtue. For when the event shows you saviors, and benefactors, and examples of all virtue, men will not give heed to their words, but to the real state of the case; and they will appear false accusers, and liars, and slanderers, but ye brighter than the sun, length of time revealing and proclaiming you, and uttering a voice clearer than a trumpet, and making all men witnesses of your virtue. Let not therefore what is now said humble you, but let the hope of the good things to come raise you up. For it cannot be, that what relates to you should be hid.

2. Then, having rid them of all distress, and fears, and anxiety, and set them above men’s reproaches, then, and not till then, He seasonably discourses to them also of boldness in their preaching.

For, “What I tell you,” saith He, “in darkness, that speak ye in light; and what ye have heard in the ear, that preach ye1432   [R.V., “proclaim.”]upon the housetops.”1433   Matt. x. 27.

Yet it was not at all darkness, when He was saying these things; neither was He dis coursing unto them in the ear; but He used a strong figure, thus speaking. That is, because He was conversing with them alone, and in a small corner of Palestine, therefore He said, “in darkness,” and “in the ear;” contrasting the boldness of speech, which He was hereafter to confer on them, with the tone of the conversation which was then going on. “For not to one, or two, or three cities, but to the whole world ye shall preach,” saith He, “traversing land and sea, the inhabited country, and the desert; to princes alike and tribes, to philosophers and orators, saying all with open face,1434   γυμν τ κεφαλ.and with all boldness of speech.” Therefore, He said, “On the house tops,” and, “In the light,” without any shrinking, and with all freedom.

And wherefore said He not only, “Preach on the housetops,” and “Speak in the light,” but added also, “What I tell you in darkness,” and “What ye hear in the ear”? It was to raise up their spirits. As therefore when He said, “He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also, and greater works than these shall he do;”1435   John xiv. 12.even so here too, to signify that He will do it all by them, and more than by Himself, He inserted this. For “the beginning indeed,” saith He, “I have given, and the prelude; but the greater part it is my will to effect through you.” Now this is the language of one not commanding only, but also declaring beforehand what was to be, and encouraging them with His sayings, and implying that they should prevail over all, and quietly also removing1436   υπορττοντο.again their distress at the evil report. For as this doctrine, after lying hid for a while, shall overspread all things, so also the evil suspicion of the Jews shall quickly perish.

Then, because He had lifted them up on high, He again gives warning of the perils also, adding wings to their mind, and exalting them high above all. For what saith He? “Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul.”1437   Matt. x. 28. Seest thou how He set them far above all things, persuading them to despise not anxiety only and calumny, dangers and plots, but even that which is esteemed of all things most terrible, death? And not death alone, but by violence too? And He said not, “ye shall be slain,” but with the dignity that became Him, He set this before them, saying, “Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul; but rather fear Him1438   [Chrysostom plainly refers this to God, not Satan. Hence the capital letter of the Oxford translator.—R.]which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell;” bringing round the argument, as He ever doth, to its opposite. For what? is your fear, saith He, of death? and are ye therefore slow to preach? Nay for this very cause I bid you preach, that ye fear death: for this shall deliver you from that which is really death. What though they shall slay you? yet over the better part they shall not prevail, though they strive ten thousand ways. Therefore He said not, “Who do not kill the soul,” but, who “are not able to kill.” For wish it as they may, they shall not prevail. Wherefore, if thou fear punishment, fear that, the more grievous by far.

Seest thou how again He doth not promise them deliverance from death, but permits them to die, granting them more than if He had not allowed them to suffer it? Because deliverance from death is not near so great as persuading men to despise death. You see now, He doth not push them into dangers, but sets them above dangers, and in a short sentence fixes in their mind the doctrines that relate to the immortality of the soul, and having in two or three words implanted a saving doctrine, He comforts them also by other considerations.

Thus, lest they should think, when killed and butchered, that as men forsaken they suffered this, He introduces again the argument of God’s providence, saying on this wise: “Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? And one of them shall not fall into a snare1439   See received text above, Hom. IX. 4. [The reading here followed is accepted by several others of the Fathers but has no mss. authority. See Tischendorf, in loco. In Homily IX. 4, there is no variation from the Greek text, as now attested.—R.]without your Father. But the very hairs of your head are all numbered.”1440   Matt. x. 29, 30.“For what is viler than they?” saith He; “nevertheless, not even these shall be taken without God’s knowledge.” For He means not this, “by His operation they fall,” for this were unworthy of God; but, “nothing that is done is hid from Him.” If then He is not ignorant of anything that befalls us, and loves us more truly than a father, and so loves us, as to have numbered our very hairs; we ought not to be afraid. And this He said, not that God numbers our hairs, but that He might indicate His perfect knowledge, and His great providence over them. If therefore He both knows all the things that are done, and is able to save you, and willing; whatever ye may have to suffer, think not that as persons forsaken ye suffer. For neither is it His will to deliver you from the terrors, but to persuade you to despise them, since this is, more than anything, deliverance from the terrors.

3. “Fear ye not therefore; ye are of more value than many sparrows.”1441   Matt. x. 31. Seest thou that the fear had already prevailed over them? Yea, for He knew the secrets of the heart; therefore He added, “Fear them not therefore;” for even should they prevail, it will be over the inferior part, I mean, the body; which though they should not kill, nature will surely take with her and depart. So that not even this depends on them, but men have it from nature. And if thou fear this, much more shouldest thou fear what is greater, and dread “Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.” And He saith not openly now, that it is Himself, “Who is able to destroy both soul and body,” but where He before declared Himself to be judge, He made it manifest.

But now the contrary takes place: Him, namely, who is able to destroy the soul, that is, to punish it, we fear not, but those who slay the body, we shudder at. Yet surely while He together with the soul punishes the body also, they cannot even chasten the body, much less the soul: and though they chasten it ever so severely, yet in that way they rather make it more glorious.

Seest thou how He signifies the conflicts to be easy? Because in truth, death did exceedingly agitate their souls, inspiring terror for a time, for that it had not as yet been made easy to overcome, neither had they that were to despise it partaken of the grace of the Spirit.

Having, you see, cast out the fear and distress that was agitating their soul; by what follows He also encourages them again, casting out fear by fear; and not by fear only, but also by the hope of great prizes; and He threatens with much authority, in both ways urging them to speak boldly for the truth; and saith further,

“Whosoever therefore shall confess me before men, him1442   [R.V., “Every one, therefore, shall confess me (Greek, in me) before men, him (Greek, in him),” etc. See the use made in the Homily of the Greek preposition “in.”—R.]will I also confess before my Father which is in Heaven. But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in Heaven.”1443   Matt. x. 32, 33.

Thus not from the good things only, but also from the opposites, doth He urge them; and He concludes with the dismal part.

And mark His exact care; He said not “me,” but “in me,” implying that not by a power of his own, but by the help of grace from above, the confessor makes his confession. But of him that denies, He said not, “in me,” but “me;” for he having become destitute of the gift, his denial ensues.

“Why then is he blamed,” one may say, “if being forsaken, he denies?” Because the being forsaken is the fault of the forsaken person himself.

But why is He not satisfied with the faith in the mind, but requires also the confession with the mouth? To train us up to boldness in speech, and a more abundant love and determination, and to raise us on high. Wherefore also He addresses Himself to all. Nor doth He at all apply this to the disciples only in person, for not them, but their disciples too, He is now rendering noble hearted. Because he that hath learnt this lesson will not only teach with boldness, but will likewise suffer all things easily, and with ready mind. This at any rate brought over many to the apostles, even their belief in this word. Because both in the punishment the infliction is heavier, and in the good things the recompense greater. I mean, whereas he that doeth right hath the advantage in time,1444   τ χρν πλεονεκτε, “he is beforehand with his rewarder:” his sufferings, and the sinner’s enjoyment, come respectively first.and the delay of the penalty is counted for gain by the sinner: He hath introduced an equivalent, or rather a much greater advantage, the increase of the recompenses. “Hast thou the advantage,” saith He, “by having first confessed me here? I also will have the advantage of thee, by giving thee greater things, and unspeakably greater; for I will confess thee there.” Seest thou that both the good things and the evil things are there to be dispensed? Why then hasten and hurry thyself? and why seek thy rewards here, thou who art “saved by hope?”1445   Rom. viii. 24. [“Saved in hope” or “for hope” expresses better, and agrees with the argument in the Homily.—R.] Wherefore, whether thou hast done anything good, and not received its recompense here, be not troubled (for with increase, in the time to come, the reward thereof awaits thee): or whether thou hast done any evil, and not paid the penalty, be not easy; for there will vengeance receive thee, if thou turn not and amend.

But if thou believe it not, from the things here form thy conjecture about things to come also. Why, if in the season of the conflicts they that confess are so glorious, imagine what they will be in the season of the crowns. If the enemies here applaud, how shall that tenderest of all fathers fail to admire and proclaim thee? Yea, then shall we have both our gifts for the good, and our punishments for the evil. So that such as deny shall suffer harm, both here and there; here living with an evil conscience, though they were never to die, they shall be surely dead; and there, undergoing the last penalty: but the other sort will profit both here and there, both here making a gain of their death, and in this way becoming more glorious than the living, and there enjoying those unspeakable blessings.

God then is in no wise prompt to punish only, but also to confer benefits; and for this last more than for the first. But why hath He put the reward once only, the punishment twice? He knows that this would be more apt to correct us. For this cause when He had said, “Fear Him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell,” He saith again, “Him will I also deny.” So doth Paul also, continually making mention of hell.

Thus we see that He, having by all ways trained on His scholar (both by opening Heaven to him, and by setting before him that fearful judgment-seat, and by pointing to the amphitheatre of angels, and how in the midst of them the crowns shall be proclaimed, which thing would thenceforth prepare the way for the word of godliness to be very easily received); in what follows, lest they grow timid and the word be hindered, He bids them be prepared even for slaughter itself; to make them aware that such as continue in their error, will have to suffer (among other things) for plotting against them.

4. Let us therefore despise death, although the time be not come that requires it of us; for indeed it will translate us to a far better life. “But the body decays.” Why, on this account most especially we ought to rejoice, because death decays, and mortality perishes, not the substance of the body. For neither, shouldest thou see a statue being cast, wouldest thou call the process destruction, but an improved formation. Just so do thou reason also concerning the body, and do not bewail. Then it were right to bewail, had it remained in its chastisement.

“But,” saith one, “this ought to take place without the decay of our bodies; they should continue entire.” And what would this have advantaged either the living or the departed? How long are ye lovers of the body? How long are ye rivetted to the earth and gaping after shadows? Why, what good would this have done? or rather, what harm would it not have done? For did our bodies not decay, in the first place the greatest of all evils, pride, would have continued with many. For if even while this is going on, and worms gushing out, many have earnestly sought to be gods; what would not have been the result did the body continue?

In the second place, it would not be believed to be of earth; for if, its end witnessing this, some yet doubt; what would they not have suspected if they did not see this? Thirdly, the bodies would have been excessively loved; and most men would have become more carnal and gross; and if even now some cleave to men’s tombs and coffins, after that themselves have perished, what would they not have done, if they had even their image preserved? Fourthly, they would not have earnestly desired the things to come. Fifthly, they that say the world is eternal, would have been more confirmed, and would have denied God as Creator. Sixthly, they would not have known the excellence of the soul, and how great a thing is the presence of a soul in a body. Seventhly, many of them that lose their relations would have left their cities, and have dwelt in the tombs, and have become frantic, conversing continually with their own dead. For if even now men form to themselves images, since they cannot keep the body (for neither is it possible, but whether they will or no it glides and hurries from them), and are rivetted to the planks of wood; what monstrous thing would they not then have devised? To my thinking, the generality would have even built temples for such bodies, and they that are skilled in such sorceries would have persuaded evil spirits to speak through them; since at least even now, they that venture on the arts of necromancy attempt many things more out of the way than these. And how many idolatries would not have arisen from hence? when men even after the dust and ashes, are yet eager in those practices.

God therefore, to take away all our extravagances, and to teach us to stand off from all earthly things, destroys the bodies before our eyes. For even he that is enamored of bodies, and is greatly affected at the sight of a beautiful damsel, if he will not learn by discourse the deformity of that substance, shall know it by the very sight. Yea, many of the like age with her whom he loves, and oftentimes also fairer, being dead, after the first or second day, have emitted an ill savor, and foul matter, and decay with worms. Imagine then what sort of beauty thou lovest, and what sort of elegance has power so to disturb thee. But if bodies did not decay, this would not be well known: but as evil spirits run unto men’s graves, so also many of our lovers, continually sitting by the tombs, would have received evil spirits in their soul, and would quickly have perished in this grievous madness.

But as it is, together with all other things this also comforts the soul, that the form is not seen: it brings men to forgetfulness of their affliction. Indeed, if this were not so, there would be no tombs at all, but thou wouldest see our cities having corpses instead of statues, each man desiring to look upon his own dead. And much confusion would arise hence, and none of the ordinary sort would attend to his soul, nor would give room to the doctrine of immortality to enter in: and many other things too, more shocking than these, would have resulted, which even to speak of were unseemly. Wherefore it decays presently, that thou mightest see unveiled the beauty of the soul. For if she be the procurer of all that beauty and life, much more excellent must she herself be. And if she preserve that which is so deformed and unsightly, much more herself.

5. For it is not the body wherein the beauty lies, but the expression,1446   διπλασι, “the moulding of it by the informing soul.”and the bloom which is shed over its substance by the soul. Now then, I bid thee love that which makes the body also to appear such as it is. And why speak I of death? Nay even in life itself, I would have thee mark how all is hers that is beautiful. For whether she be pleased, she showers roses over the cheeks; or whether she be pained, she takes that beauty, and involves it all in a dark robe. And if she be continually in mirth, the body improves in condition; if in grief, she renders the same thinner and weaker than a spider’s web; if in wrath, she hath made it again abominable and foul; if she show the eye calm, great is the beauty that she bestows; if she express envy, very pale and livid is the hue she sheds over us; if love, abundant the gracefulness she at once confers. Thus in fact many women, not being beautiful in feature, have derived much grace from the soul; others again of brilliant bloom, by having an ungracious soul, have marred their beauty. Consider how a face that is pale grows red, and by the variation of color produces great delight, when there is need of shame and blushing. As, on the other hand, if it be shameless, it makes the countenance more unpleasing than any monster.

For nothing is fairer, nothing sweeter than a beauteous soul. For while as to bodies, the longing is with pain, in the case of souls the pleasure is pure and calm. Why then let go the king, and be wild about the herald? Why leave the philosopher, and gape after his interpreter? Hast thou seen a beautiful eye? acquaint thyself with that which is within; and if that be not beautiful, despise this likewise. For surely, didst thou see an ill-favored woman wearing a beautiful mask, she would make no impression on thee: just as on the other hand, neither wouldest thou suffer one fair and beautiful to be disguised by the mask, but wouldest take it away, as choosing to see her beauty unveiled.

This then I bid thee do in regard of the soul also, and acquaint thyself with it first; for this is clad with the body instead of a mask; wherefore also that abides such as it is; but the other, though it be mishapen, may quickly become beautiful. Though it have an eye that is unsightly, and harsh, and fierce, it may become beautiful, mild, calm, sweet-tempered, gentle.

This beauty therefore let us seek, this countenance let us adorn; that God also may “have pleasure in our beauty,”1447   Ps. xlv. 12, LXX.and impart to us of His everlasting blessings, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might forever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΔʹ. Ὅταν δὲ διώκωσιν ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ, φεύ γετε εἰς τὴν ἑτέραν. Ἀμὴν γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ μὴ τελέσητε τὰς πόλεις τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. αʹ. Εἰπὼν ἐκεῖνα τὰ φοβερὰ καὶ φρικώδη, καὶ ἀδάμαντα ἱκανὰ διαλῦσαι, τὰ μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν καὶ τὴν ἀνάληψιν αὐτοῖς συμβησόμενα, ἄγει πάλιν τὸν λόγον ἐπὶ τὰ ἡμερώτερα, διδοὺς ἀναπνεῦσαι τοῖς ἀθληταῖς, καὶ πολλὴν αὐτοῖς παρέχων τὴν ἄδειαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκέλευσε διωκομένους ὁμόσε χωρεῖν, ἀλλὰ φεύγειν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀρχὴ τέως ἦν καὶ προοίμια, συγκαταβατικώτερον κέχρηται τῷ λόγῳ. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ περὶ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτά φησι διωγμῶν, ἀλλὰ τῶν πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ καὶ τοῦ πάθους. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐδήλωσε λέγων: Οὐ γὰρ μὴ τελέσητε τὰς πόλεις τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγωσι: Τί οὖν, ἐὰν διωκόμενοι φεύγωμεν, καὶ πάλιν ἐκεῖ καταλαβόντες ἐλαύνωσι; τοῦτον ἀναιρῶν τὸν φόβον φησίν: Οὐ φθήσεσθε περιελθόντες τὴν Παλαιστίνην, καὶ εὐθέως ὑμᾶς καταλήψομαι. Καὶ θέα πῶς καὶ ἐνταῦθα οὐ λύει τὰ δεινὰ, ἀλλὰ παρίσταται τοῖς κινδύνοις. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἐξαρπάσομαι, καὶ λύσω τοὺς διωγμούς: ἀλλὰ τί; Οὐ μὴ τελέσητε τὰς πόλεις τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Καὶ γὰρ ἤρκει εἰς παραμυθίαν αὐτοῖς τὸ ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν μόνον. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει, πῶς οὐ πανταχοῦ πάντα ἐπιτρέπει τῇ χάριτι, ἀλλά τι καὶ παρ' αὐτῶν εἰσφέρεσθαι κελεύει. Εἰ γὰρ φοβεῖσθε, φησὶ, φεύγετε: τοῦτο γὰρ ἐδήλωσεν εἰπὼν, Φεύγετε, καὶ, Μὴ φοβεῖσθε. Καὶ οὐκ αὐτοὺς πρώτους ἐκέλευσε φεύγειν, ἀλλ' ἐλαυνομένους ὑποχωρεῖν: καὶ οὐδὲ πολὺ τὸ διάστημα δίδωσιν, ἀλλ' ὅσον περιελθεῖν τὰς πόλεις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. Εἶτα πάλιν πρὸς ἕτερον αὐτοὺς ἀλείφει μέρος φιλοσοφίας. Πρότερον μὲν, τὴν μέριμναν τῆς τροφῆς ἐκβάλλων: δεύτερον δὲ, τὸν τῶν κινδύνων φόβον: νυνὶ δὲ τὸν τῆς κακηγορίας. Ἐκείνης μὲν γὰρ ἀπήλλαξε τῆς φροντίδος, εἰπὼν, Ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ, καὶ δείξας ὅτι πολλοὶ αὐτοὺς ὑποδέξονται: τῶν κινδύνων δὲ ἕνεκεν τῆς ἀγωνίας, εἰπὼν, Μὴ μεριμνήσητε πῶς ἢ τί λαλήσητε, καὶ ὅτι Ὁ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ μετὰ τούτων εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς καὶ πονηρὰν δόξαν λαβεῖν, ὅπερ πολλοῖς πάντων φορτικώτερον εἶναι δοκεῖ, ὅρα πόθεν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐνταῦθα παρακαλεῖ, ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰρημένων ἁπάντων τὴν παραμυθίαν τιθεὶς, οὗπερ ἴσον οὐδὲν ἦν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ εἶπεν ἐκεῖ, ὅτι Ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων: καὶ προσέθηκε, Διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Καὶ ἑτέρως αὐτὸ παραμυθεῖται, ἕτερον μετ' ἐκείνου τιθείς. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Οὐκ ἔστι μαθητὴς, φησὶν, ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον, οὐδὲ δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ. Ἀρκετὸν τῷ μαθητῇ, ἵνα γένηται ὡς ὁ διδάσκαλος αὐτοῦ: καὶ ὁ δοῦλος, ὡς ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ: εἰ τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκάλεσαν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τοὺς οἰκειακοὺς αὐτοῦ; Μὴ οὖν φοβεῖσθε αὐτούς. Ὅρα πῶς ἑαυτὸν ἐκκαλύπτει τῶν πάντων ὄντα Δεσπότην καὶ Θεὸν καὶ Δημιουργόν. Τί οὖν; Οὐκ ἔστι μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον, οὐδὲ δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ. Ἕως ἂν μὲν ᾖ μαθητὴς καὶ δοῦλος, οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ τὴν τῆς τιμῆς φύσιν. Μὴ γάρ μοι τὰ σπανίζοντα ἐνταῦθα λέγε, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῶν πλειόνων δέχου τὸν λόγον. Καὶ οὐ λέγει, Πόσῳ μᾶλλον τοὺς δούλους, ἀλλὰ, τοὺς οἰκειακοὺς αὐτοῦ, πολλὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς γνησιότητα ἐπιδεικνύμενος. Καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ ἔλεγεν: Οὐκέτι καλῶ ὑμᾶς δούλους, ὑμεῖς φίλοι μού ἐστε. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Εἰ τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην ὕβρισαν καὶ ἐκατηγόρησαν: ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ εἶδος τῆς ὕβρεως τίθησιν, ὅτι Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκάλεσαν. Εἶτα καὶ ἑτέραν οὐκ ἐλάττονα ταύτης δίδωσι παραμυθίαν: ἡ μὲν γὰρ μεγίστη αὕτη: ἐπειδὴ δὲ τοῖς οὐδέπω φιλοσοφοῦσι καὶ ἑτέρας ἔδει τῆς μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ἀνακτήσασθαι δυναμένης, καὶ ταύτην τίθησι: καὶ τὸ μὲν σχῆμα τῶν λεγομένων καθολικὴν δοκεῖ τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἔχειν: πλὴν οὐ περὶ πάντων τῶν πραγμάτων, ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν προκειμένων εἴρηται μόνον. Τί γάρ φησι; Οὐδέν ἐστι κεκαλυμμένον, ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται: οὐδὲ κρυπτὸν, ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν Ἀρκεῖ μὲν ὑμῖν εἰς παραμυθίαν τὸ καὶ ἐμὲ κοινωνῆσαι τῆς αὐτῆς λοιδορίας ὑμῖν, τὸν Διδάσκαλον καὶ τὸν Δεσπότην. Εἰ δὲ ἔτι ἀλγεῖτε ταῦτα ἀκούοντες, ἐννοήσατε κἀκεῖνο, ὅτι καὶ ταύτης μικρὸν ὕστερον ἀπαλλαγήσεσθε τῆς ὑποψίας. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν ἀλγεῖτε; ὅτι γόητας ὑμᾶς καλοῦσι καὶ πλάνους; Ἀλλ' ἀναμείνατε μικρὸν καὶ σωτῆρας ὑμᾶς καὶ εὐεργέτας τῆς οἰκουμένης προσεροῦσιν ἅπαντες. Καὶ γὰρ ἀποκαλύπτει ἅπαντα ὁ χρόνος τὰ συνεσκιασμένα, καὶ τὴν ἐκείνων συκοφαντίαν ἐλέγξει, καὶ δήλην ποιήσει τὴν ὑμετέραν ἀρετήν. Ὅταν γὰρ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων φαίνησθε σωτῆρες καὶ εὐεργέται, καὶ πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν ἐπιδεικνύμενοι, οὐ τοῖς ἐκείνων προσέξουσι λόγοις οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ἀλλὰ τῇ τῶν πραγμάτων ἀληθείᾳ: καὶ οἱ μὲν συκοφάνται καὶ ψεῦσται καὶ κακηγόροι, ὑμεῖς δὲ τοῦ ἡλίου φανεῖσθε λαμπρότεροι, τοῦ μακροῦ χρόνου ἐκκαλύπτοντος ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀνακηρύττοντος, καὶ σάλπιγγος λαμπροτέραν φωνὴν ἀφιέντος, καὶ μάρτυρας ἅπαντας τῆς ὑμετέρας ποιοῦντος ἀρετῆς. Μὴ τοίνυν τὰ λεγόμενα νῦν ὑμᾶς ταπεινούτω, ἀλλ' ἡ ἐλπὶς τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν ἀνορθούτω. Ἀμήχανον γὰρ κρυβῆναι τὰ καθ' ὑμᾶς. βʹ. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ πάσης αὐτοὺς ἀπήλλαξεν ἀγωνίας καὶ φόβων καὶ μερίμνης, καὶ ὑψηλοτέρους ἐποίησε τῶν ὀνειδῶν, τότε λοιπὸν εἰς καιρὸν αὐτοῖς καὶ περὶ τῆς ἐν τῷ κηρύγματι παῤῥησίας διαλέγεται. Ὃ λέγω γὰρ ἡμῖν, φησὶν, ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, εἴπατε ἐν τῷ φωτί: καὶ ὃ εἰς τὸ οὖς ἠκούσατε, κηρύξατε ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων. Καίτοιγε οὐκ ἦν σκότος, ἡνίκα ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, οὐδὲ εἰς τὸ οὖς αὐτοῖς διελέγετο. ἀλλὰ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς κέχρηται τῷ λόγῳ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ μόνοις αὐτοῖς διελέγετο, καὶ ἐν μικρᾷ γωνίᾳ τῆς Παλαιστίνης, διὰ τοῦτο εἶπεν, Ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, καὶ, Εἰς τὸ οὖς, πρὸς τὴν μετὰ ταῦτα παῤῥησίαν ἐσομένην. ἣν ἔμελλεν αὐτοῖς διδόναι, τὸν τρόπον τῆς διαλέξεως ἀντιδιαστέλλων ἐκείνης. Οὐ γὰρ μιᾷ καὶ δύο καὶ τρισὶ πόλεσιν, ἀλλὰ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ κηρύξετε πάσῃ, φησὶ, γῆν καὶ θάλατταν ἐπιόντες, καὶ οἰκουμένην καὶ ἀοίκητον: καὶ τυράννοις καὶ δήμοις, καὶ φιλοσόφοις καὶ ῥήτορσι, γυμνῇ τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ μετὰ παῤῥησίας πάσης πάντα λέγοντες. Διὰ τοῦτο εἶπεν, Ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων, καὶ, Ἐν τῷ φωτὶ, χωρὶς ὑποστολῆς τινος, καὶ μετὰ ἐλευθερίας ἁπάσης. Καὶ διατί μὴ εἶπε, Κηρύξατε ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων, καὶ, Εἴπατε ἐν τῷ φωτὶ, μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ προσέθηκεν, Ὃ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, καὶ, Ὃ εἰς τὸ οὖς ἀκούετε; Ἐπαίρων αὐτῶν τὰ φρονήματα. Ὥσπερ οὖν ὅτε ἔλεγε, Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, τὰ ἔργα ἃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ κἀκεῖνος ποιήσει, καὶ μείζονα τούτων ποιήσει: οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, δεικνὺς ὅτι τὸ πᾶν δι' αὐτῶν ἐργάσεται, καὶ πλέον ἢ δι' ἑαυτοῦ, τοῦτο τέθεικε. Τὴν μὲν γὰρ ἀρχὴν ἐγὼ δέδωκα, φησὶ, καὶ τὰ προοίμια: τὸ δὲ πλέον δι' ὑμῶν ἀνύσαι βούλομαι. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἐπιτάττοντός ἐστι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ μέλλον προαναφωνοῦντος, καὶ θαῤῥύνοντος τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ δεικνύντος ὅτι πάντων κρατήσουσι, καὶ ἠρέμα καὶ τὴν περὶ τῆς κακηγορίας ἀγωνίαν πάλιν ὑπορύττοντος. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα, λανθάνον τέως, πάντα ἐπελεύσεται, οὕτω καὶ ἡ πονηρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὑπόληψις ἀπολεῖται ταχέως. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ ἐπῆρεν αὐτοὺς καὶ ὕψωσε, προαναφωνεῖ πάλιν καὶ τοὺς κινδύνους, ἀναπτερῶν αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ ὑψηλοτέρους πάντων ποιῶν. Τί γάρ φησι; Μὴ φοβηθῆτε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτενόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι. Εἶδες πῶς πάντων αὐτοὺς ἔστησεν ἀνωτέρους, οὐχὶ φροντίδος μόνον καὶ κακηγορίας, οὐδὲ κινδύνων καὶ ἐπιβουλῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ πάντων δοκοῦντος εἶναι φοβεροῦ θανάτου πείθων καταφρονεῖν, καὶ οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς θανάτου, ἀλλὰ καὶ βιαίου; Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἀναιρεθήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ τῆς αὐτῷ προσηκούσης μεγαλοπρεπείας τοῦτο παρεδήλωσε, Μὴ φοβηθῆτε, λέγων, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτενόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι: φοβήθητε δὲ μᾶλλον τὸν καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα δυνάμενον ἀπολέσαι ἐν γεέννῃ: ὅπερ ἀεὶ ποιεῖ, εἰς τοὐναντίον περιτρέπων τὸν λόγον. Τί γάρ; Δεδοίκατε, φησὶ, θάνατον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὀκνεῖτε κηρύσσειν; Δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο κηρύξατε, ἐπειδὴ δεδοίκατε θάνατον. Τοῦτο γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἐξαιρήσεται τοῦ ὄντως θανάτου. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μέλλουσιν ὑμᾶς ἀναιρεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ κρείττονος οὐ περιέσονται, κἂν μυρία φιλονεικήσωσι. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπε, Τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ ἀποκτενόντων, ἀλλὰ, Μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι. Κἂν γὰρ θελήσωσιν, οὐ περιέσονται. Ὥστε εἰ δέδοικας κόλασιν, ἐκείνην φοβοῦ τὴν πολλῷ χαλεπωτέραν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς πάλιν οὐκ ἐπαγγέλλεται αὐτοῖς ἀπαλλαγὴν θανάτου, ἀλλ' ἀφίησιν ἀποθανεῖν, μείζονα χαριζόμενος ἢ εἰ μὴ συνεχώρησε τοῦτο παθεῖν; Τοῦ γὰρ ἀπαλλάξαι θανάτου τὸ πεῖσαι καταφρονεῖν θανάτου πολλῷ μεῖζόν ἐστιν. Οὐ τοίνυν εἰς κινδύνους ἐμβάλλει αὐτοὺς, ἀλλ' ἀνωτέρους ποιεῖ κινδύνων, καὶ ἐν βραχεῖ λόγῳ τὰ περὶ ἀθανασίας ψυχῆς ἐν αὐτοῖς πήγνυσι δόγματα: καὶ ἐν δύο καὶ τρισὶ λέξεσι δόγμα σωτήριον καταφυτεύσας, καὶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν αὐτοὺς ἑτέρων παραμυθεῖται. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσωσιν ἀναιρούμενοι καὶ σφαττόμενοι, ὡς ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενοι τοῦτο πάσχειν, πάλιν τὸν περὶ τῆς προνοίας τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσάγει λόγον, οὕτω λέγων: Οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται; καὶ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται εἰς παγίδα ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ὑμῶν δὲ καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσί. Τί γὰρ εὐτελέστερον ἐκείνων: φησίν: ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνα ἁλώσεται, ἀγνοοῦντος τοῦ Θεοῦ, Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι ἐνεργοῦντος αὐτοῦ πίπτει: τοῦτο γὰρ ἀνάξιον Θεοῦ: ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐδὲ αὐτὸν λανθάνει τῶν γινομένων. Εἰ τοίνυν ἀγνοεῖ οὐδὲν τῶν συμβαινόντων, ὑμᾶς δὲ φιλεῖ πατρὸς γνησιώτερον, καὶ οὕτω φιλεῖ, ὡς καὶ τὰς τρίχας ἠριθμηκέναι, οὐ χρὴ δεδοικέναι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν, οὐχ ὅτι τὰς τρίχας ὁ Θεὸς ἀριθμεῖ, ἀλλ' ἵνα τὴν ἀκριβῆ γνῶσιν καὶ τὴν πολλὴν πρόνοιαν τὴν περὶ αὐτοὺς ἐνδείξηται. Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ οἶδε πάντα τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ δύναται σώζειν ὑμᾶς, καὶ βούλεται, ὅσα ἂν πάθητε, μὴ νομίσητε ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενοι πάσχειν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπαλλάξαι ὑμᾶς βούλεται τῶν δεινῶν, ἀλλὰ πεῖσαι καταφρονεῖν τῶν δεινῶν: ἐπειδὴ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἀπαλλαγὴ τῶν δεινῶν. Μὴ οὖν φοβηθῆτε: πολλῶν στρουθίων διαφέρετε ὑμεῖς. Ὁρᾷς ἤδη τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν κρατήσαντα; Καὶ γὰρ ᾔδει τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα τῆς διανοίας: διὰ τοῦτο ἐπήγαγε, Μὴ οὖν φοβεῖσθε αὐτούς. Κἂν γὰρ κρατήσωσι, τοῦ καταδεεστέρου κρατήσουσι, τοῦ σώματος λέγω: ὃ κἂν μὴ οὗτοι ἀποκτείνωσιν, ἡ φύσις λαβοῦσα ἄπεισι πάντως. γʹ. Ὥστε οὐδὲ τούτου οὗτοι γεγόνασι κύριοι, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς φύσεως αὐτὸ ἔχουσιν. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο δέδοικας, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸ μεῖζον δεδοικέναι χρὴ, καὶ φοβεῖσθαι τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἐν γεέννῃ ἀπολέσαι. Καὶ οὐ λέγει φανερῶς ἑαυτὸν νῦν εἶναι τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἀπολέσαι: δι' ὧν δὲ ἔμπροσθεν ἀπέφηνε κριτὴν ἑαυτὸν ὄντα, ἐδήλωσεν. Ἀλλὰ νῦν τοὐναντίον γίνεται Τὸν μὲν γὰρ δυνάμενον ψυχὴν ἀπολέσαι, τουτέστι, κολάσαι, οὐ φοβούμεθα: τοὺς δὲ τὸ σῶμα ἀναιροῦντας πεφρίκαμεν. Καίτοιγε ὁ μὲν μετὰ τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τὸ σῶμα τιμωρεῖται: οἱ δὲ οὐ μόνον τὴν ψυχὴν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τὸ σῶμα κολάσαι δύνανται, κἂν μυριάκις κολάσωσιν. ἀλλὰ λαμπρότερον μᾶλλον οὕτω ποιοῦσιν αὐτό. Εἶδες πῶς δείκνυσι τοὺς ἀγῶνας εὐχερεῖς; Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα ὁ θάνατος κατέσειεν αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν, φοβερὸν τέως ἐμπνέων, τῷ μηδέπω γεγενῆσθαι εὐκαταγώνιστος, μηδὲ τοὺς μέλλοντας αὐτοῦ καταφρονεῖν τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀπολελαυκέναι χάριτος. Ἐκβαλὼν τοίνυν τὸν φόβον καὶ τὴν ἀγωνίαν τὴν κατασείουσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς παραθαῤῥύνει πάλιν, φόβῳ φόβον ἐκβάλλων, καὶ οὐ φόβῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπάθλων ἐλπίδι μεγάλων: καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀπειλεῖ τῆς ἐξουσίας, ἑκατέρωθεν αὐτοὺς προτρέπων εἰς τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας παῤῥησίαν, καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων: Πᾶς οὖν ὅστις ὁμολογήσει ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὁμολογήσω κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς: ὃς δ' ἂν ἀρνήσηταί με ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀρνήσομαι κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων ὠθεῖ, καὶ εἰς τὰ σκυθρωπὰ καταλήγει. Καὶ σκόπει τὴν ἀκρίβειαν. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐμὲ, ἀλλ', Ἐν ἐμοὶ, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐκ οἰκείᾳ δυνάμει, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἄνωθεν βοηθούμενος χάριτι ὁμολογεῖ ὁ ὁμολογῶν. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ ἀρνουμένου οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐν ἐμοὶ, ἀλλ', Ἐμέ: ἔρημος γὰρ γενόμενος τῆς δωρεᾶς, οὕτως ἀρνεῖται. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐγκαλεῖται, φησὶν, εἰ ἐγκαταλειφθεὶς ἀρνεῖται; Ὅτι τὸ ἐγκαταλειφθῆναι παρ' αὐτὸν γίνεται τὸν ἐγκαταλιμπανόμενον. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν οὐκ ἀρκεῖται τῇ κατὰ διάνοιαν πίστει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν διὰ τοῦ στόματος ὁμολογίαν ἀπαιτεῖ; Εἰς παῤῥησίαν ἡμᾶς ἀλείφων καὶ πλείονα ἀγάπην καὶ διάθεσιν, καὶ ὑψηλοὺς ἐργαζόμενος. Διὸ καὶ πρὸς ἅπαντας διαλέγεται. Καὶ οὐδὲ τῷ προσώπῳ τῶν μαθητῶν κέχρηται μόνον: οὐ γὰρ αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτῶν ἤδη κατασκευάζει γενναίους. Ὁ γὰρ τοῦτο μαθὼν, οὐ διδάξει μόνον μετὰ παῤῥησίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ πείσεται πάντα εὐκόλως καὶ μετὰ προθυμίας. Τοῦτο γοῦν πολλοὺς τοῖς ἀποστόλοις προσήγαγε, τὸ πιστεῦσαι τῷ ῥήματι τούτῳ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐν τῇ κολάσει πλείων ἡ τιμωρία, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς μείζων ἡ ἀντίδοσις. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τῷ χρόνῳ πλεονεκτεῖ ὁ κατορθῶν, καὶ τῇ ἀναβολῇ τῆς τιμωρίας νομίζει κερδαίνειν ὁ ἁμαρτάνων, ἀντίῤῥοπον, μᾶλλον δὲ πολλῷ πλεῖον μείζονα πλεονεξίαν εἰσήγαγε, τὴν προσθήκην τῶν ἀντιδόσεων. Ἐπλεονέκτησας, φησὶ, τῷ πρότερός με ὁμολογῆσαι ἐνταῦθα; Πλεονεκτήσω σε κἀγὼ, φησὶ, τῷ μείζονά σοι δοῦναι, καὶ ἀφάτως μείζονα: ἐκεῖ γάρ σε ὁμολογήσω. Ὁρᾷς ἐκεῖ καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ καὶ τὰ κακὰ ταμιευόμενα; Τί τοίνυν σπεύδεις καὶ ἐπείγῃ; τί δὲ ζητεῖς ἐνταῦθα τὰς ἀμοιβὰς, ἐλπίδι σωθείς; Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο κἂν ποιήσῃς τι χρηστὸν, καὶ μὴ λάβῃς αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀντίδοσιν ἐνταῦθα, μὴ ταράττου: μετὰ γὰρ προσθήκης ἐν τῷ μέλλοντί σε καιρῷ ἀναμένει τούτων ἡ ἀμοιβή. Κἂν ποιήσῃς τι πονηρὸν, καὶ μὴ δῷς δίκην, μὴ ῥᾳθύμει: ἐκεῖ γάρ σε ἐκδέξεται ἡ τιμωρία, ἂν μὴ μεταβάλῃ καὶ γένῃ βελτίων. Εἰ δὲ ἀπιστεῖς, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐνταῦθα στοχάζου καὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῶν ἀγώνων οὕτως εἰσὶ λαμπροὶ οἱ ὁμολογοῦντες, ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῶν στεφάνων ἐννόησον τίνες ἔσονται; Εἰ οἱ ἐχθροὶ ἐνταῦθα κροτοῦσιν, ὁ πάντων πατέρων φιλοστοργότερος πῶς οὐ θαυμάσεταί σε καὶ ἀνακηρύξει: Τότε γὰρ ἡμῶν εἰσι καὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν αἱ δωρεαὶ, καὶ τῶν κακῶν αἱ τιμωρίαι. Ὥστε οἱ μὲν ἀρνούμενοι, καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐκεῖ βλαβήσονται: ἐνταῦθα μὲν, μετὰ πονηροῦ συνειδότος ζῶντες, κἂν μήποτε ἀποθάνωσιν, ἀποθανοῦνται πάντως: καὶ ἐκεῖ τὴν ἐσχάτην ὑπομένοντες δίκην: οἱ δὲ ἕτεροι καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐκεῖ κερδανοῦσι, καὶ τὸν θάνατον ἐνταῦθα πραγματευόμενοι, καὶ τῶν ζώντων ταύτῃ λαμπρότεροι γινόμενοι, καὶ ἐκεῖ τῶν ἀποῤῥήτων ἀπολαύοντες ἀγαθῶν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ πρὸς τὸ κολάζειν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὸ εὐεργετεῖν ἕτοιμος ὁ Θεός: καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο μᾶλλον ἢ ἐκεῖνο. Ἀλλὰ τίνος ἕνεκεν τοῦτο μὲν ἅπαξ τίθησιν, ἐκεῖνο δὲ δίς; Οἶδε μᾶλλον τούτῳ σωφρονιζομένους. Διὰ τοῦτο εἰπὼν, Φοβήθητε τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα εἰς γέενναν ἀπολέσαι, πάλιν λέγει, Ἀρνήσομαι αὐτὸν κἀγώ. Οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος ποιεῖ, συνεχῶς τῆς γεέννης μεμνημένος. δʹ. Ἀλείψας τοίνυν τὸν ἀκροατὴν διὰ πάντων (καὶ γὰρ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἀνέῳξεν αὐτῷ, καὶ τὸ δικαστήριον ἐκεῖνο ἐπέστησε τὸ φοβερὸν, καὶ τὸ θέατρον ἔδειξε τῶν ἀγγέλων, καὶ τὴν ἐν τούτοις ἀνακήρυξιν τῶν στεφάνων, πολλὴν ἐντεῦθεν προοδοποιοῦσαν τῷ λόγῳ τῆς εὐσεβείας τὴν εὐκολίαν), λοιπὸν ἵνα μὴ δειλῶν γενομένων ἐμποδισθῇ τὸ κήρυγμα, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὰς τὰς σφαγὰς αὐτοὺς παρασκευάζεσθαι κελεύει: ἵνα μάθωσιν ὅτι οἱ ἐν τῇ πλάνῃ μένοντες, καὶ τῆς τούτων ἐπιβουλῆς δώσουσι δίκην. Καταφρονῶμεν τοίνυν θανάτου, κἂν μὴ παρῇ καιρὸς ὁ τοῦτον ἀπαιτῶν: καὶ γὰρ εἰς πολλῷ βελτίονα μεταστησόμεθα ζωήν. Ἀλλὰ φθείρεται τὸ σῶμα; Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα χαίρειν δεῖ, ὅτι ὁ θάνατος φθείρεται, καὶ ἡ θνητότης ἀπόλλυται, οὐχ ἡ οὐσία τοῦ σώματος. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ ἀνδριάντα ἴδοις χωνευόμενον, ἀπώλειαν προσερεῖς τὸ γινόμενον, ἀλλὰ βελτίω κατασκευήν. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σώματος λογίζου, καὶ μὴ θρήνει. Τότε γὰρ ἔδει θρηνεῖν, εἰ ἔμενεν ἐν τῇ κολάσει. Ἀλλ' ἔδει, φησὶ, χωρὶς τοῦ φθείρεσθαι τὰ σώματα τοῦτο γίνεσθαι, καὶ ὁλόκληρα μένειν αὐτά. Καὶ τί τοῦτο ἢ τοὺς ζῶντας ἢ τοὺς ἀπελθόντας ὤνησεν ἄν; Μέχρι πότε φιλοσώματοι; μέχρι πότε τῇ γῇ προσηλωμένοι πρὸς τὰς σκιὰς κεχήνατε; Τί γὰρ τοῦτο ὠφέλησεν ἄν; μᾶλλον δὲ τί οὐκ ἂν ἔβλαψεν; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἐφθείρετο τὰ σώματα, πρῶτον τὸ πάντων μεῖζον τῶν κακῶν ὁ τῦφος παρὰ πολλοῖς ἔμενεν ἄν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τούτου γινομένου, καὶ σκωλήκων πηγαζόντων, πολλοὶ θεοὶ εἶναι ἐφιλονείκησαν: τί οὐκ ἂν ἐγένετο, τούτου μένοντος; Δεύτερον, οὐκ ἂν ἐπιστεύθη ἀπὸ γῆς εἶναι: εἰ γὰρ τοῦ τέλους μαρτυροῦντος ἀμφισβητοῦσιν ἔτι τινὲς, τί οὐκ ἂν ὑπώπτευσαν, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἑώρων; Τρίτον, σφόδρα ἂν ἐφιλήθη τὰ σώματα, καὶ οἱ πλείους σαρκικώτεροι καὶ παχύτεροι ἐγένοντο ἄν: εἰ δὲ καὶ νῦν τινες τοῖς τάφοις συμπλέκονται καὶ ταῖς σοροῖς, ἀφανισθέντων ἐκείνων, τί οὐκ ἂν ἐποίησαν, εἰ καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα εἶχον διατηρουμένην; Τέταρτον, οὐκ ἂν σφόδρα ἐπόθησαν τὰ μέλλοντα. Πέμπτον, οἱ τὸν κόσμον ἀθάνατον εἶναι λέγοντες, μᾶλλον ἂν ἐβεβαιώθησαν, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἔφησαν Θεὸν εἶναι Δημιουργόν. Ἔκτον, οὐκ ἂν ἔγνωσαν τῆς ψυχῆς τὴν ἀρετὴν, καὶ πόσον ἐστὶ παροῦσα σώματι ψυχή. Ἕβδομον, πολλοὶ τῶν ἀποβαλλόντων τοὺς οἰκείους, τὰς πόλεις ἀφέντες, τὰ μνήματα ἔμελλον οἰκεῖν, καὶ παραπλῆγες γίνεσθαι, τοῖς νεκροῖς τοῖς αὐτῶν διηνεκῶς διαλεγόμενοι. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ νῦν εἰκόνας διαπλάττοντες ἄνθρωποι, ἐπειδὴ τὸ σῶμα κατασχεῖν οὐκ ἔχουσιν (οὐδὲ γὰρ δυνατὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀκόντων αὐτῶν ῥεῖ καὶ ἀποπηδᾷ), προσηλωμένοι ταῖς σανίσιν εἰσὶ, τί οὐκ ἂν τότε ἐπενόησαν ἄτοπον; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν καὶ ναοὺς ἂν τοῖς τοιούτοις σώμασιν οἰκοδομῆσαι οἱ πολλοὶ, καὶ πεῖσαι δαίμονας φθέγγεσθαι δι' αὐτῶν οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα μαγγανεύειν δεινοὶ, ὅπου γε καὶ νῦν οἱ τὰς νεκρομαντείας τολμῶντες πολλὰ τούτων ἀτοπώτερα ἐπιχειροῦσι. Πόσαι δὲ οὐκ ἂν εἰδωλολατρεῖαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐγένοντο; οἵ γε μετὰ τὴν κόνιν καὶ τὴν τέφραν ταῦτα ποιεῖν ἔτι φιλονεικοῦσι. Πάντα τοίνυν ἀναιρῶν ὁ Θεὸς τὰ ἄτοπα, καὶ παιδεύων ἡμᾶς ἀφίστασθαι τῶν γηΐνων ἁπάντων, ἀφανίζει τὰ σώματα πρὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ φιλοσώματος, καὶ πρὸς κόρην ἐπτοημένος εὔμορφον, εἰ μὴ βούλοιτο μαθεῖν τῷ λόγῳ τὸ εἰδεχθὲς τῆς οὐσίας, δι' αὐτῆς αὐτὸ τῆς ὄψεως εἴσεται. Καὶ γὰρ πολλαὶ τῆς ἐρωμένης ὁμήλικες, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ λαμπρότεραι, ἀποθανοῦσαι μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν ἡμέραν δυσωδίαν παρέσχον, καὶ ἰχῶρα, καὶ σηπεδόνα σκωλήκων. Ἐννόησον τοίνυν οἶον κάλλος φιλεῖς, καὶ πρὸς ποίαν ἐπτόησαι εὐμορφίαν. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἐφθείρετο τὰ σώματα, οὐκ ἂν τοῦτο ἐγνώσθη καλῶς: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ οἱ δαίμονες παρὰ τοὺς τάφους τρέχουσιν, οὕτω καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἐρώντων τοῖς μνήμασι παρακαθήμενοι διηνεκῶς, δαίμονας ἂν ἐδέξαντο τῇ ψυχῇ, καὶ τῇ χαλεπῇ ταύτῃ ταχέως ἂν ἐναπέθανον μανίᾳ. Νῦν δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων καὶ τοῦτο παραμυθεῖται τὴν ψυχὴν, τὸ μὴ φαίνεσθαι τὴν εἰκόνα, καὶ εἰς λήθην ἐμβάλλει τοῦ πάθους. εʹ. Εἰ δὲ μὴ τοῦτο ἦν, οὐδὲ μνήματα ἦν, ἀλλὰ τὰς πόλεις εἶδες ἂν ἀντὶ ἀνδριάντων νεκροὺς ἐχούσας, ἑκάστου τὸν ἑαυτοῦ βλέπειν ἐπιθυμοῦντος. Καὶ πολλὴ ἂν ἐντεῦθεν ἐγένετο σύγχυσις, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἂν τῶν πολλῶν ψυχῆς ἐπεμελήσατο, οὐκ ἂν παρεχώρησε τῷ περὶ ἀθανασίας ἐπεισελθεῖν λόγῳ: καὶ ἕτερα δὲ πολλὰ ἂν ἀτοπώτερα τούτων ἐγένετο, ἃ μηδὲ εἰπεῖν καλόν. Διὰ τοῦτο σήπεται εὐθέως, ἵνα ἴδῃς γυμνὸν τῆς ψυχῆς τὸ κάλλος. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκείνη τοσούτου κάλλους καὶ τοσαύτης ζωῆς πρόξενος, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὴ βελτίων ἂν εἴη: εἰ τὸ οὕτως εἰδεχθὲς καὶ δυσειδὲς διακρατεῖ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἑαυτήν. Οὐ γὰρ τὸ σῶμά ἐστι τὸ καλὸν, ἀλλ' ἡ διάπλασις, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος ὅπερ παρὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐπιχρώννυται τῇ οὐσίᾳ. Φίλει τοίνυν ἐκείνην τὴν κἀκεῖνο τοιοῦτον ποιοῦσαν φαίνεσθαι. Καὶ τί λέγω τὸν θάνατον; Καὶ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ζωῇ δείκνυμί σοι, πῶς πάντα αὐτῆς ἐστι τὰ καλά. Ἄν τε γὰρ ἡσθῇ, ῥόδα κατέπασε τῶν παρειῶν: ἄν τε ἀλγήσῃ, τὸ κάλλος λαβοῦσα ἐκεῖνο, μελαίνῃ στολῇ τὸ πᾶν περιέβαλε. Κἂν εὐφραίνηται διηνεκῶς, γέγονεν εὐπαθὲς τὸ σῶμα: ἂν δ' ἀλγήσῃ, ἀράχνης ἰσχνότερόν τε καὶ ἀσθενέστερον ἐποίησεν: ἂν θυμωθῇ, πάλιν πεποίηκεν ἀποτρόπαιον καὶ αἰσχρόν: ἂν γαληνὸν ὀφθαλμὸν δείξῃ, πολὺ τὸ κάλλος ἐχαρίσατο: ἂν βασκήνῃ, πολλὴν τὴν ὠχρίαν καὶ τὴν τηκεδόνα ἐξέχεεν: ἂν ἀγαπήσῃ, πολλὴν τὴν εὐμορφίαν ἐδωρήσατο. Οὕτω γοῦν πολλαὶ οὐκ οὖσαι εὔμορφοι τὴν ὄψιν, χάριν πολλὴν ἀπὸ ψυχῆς ἔλαβον: ἕτεραι πάλιν λάμπουσαι τῇ ὥρᾳ, ἐπειδὴ ψυχὴν ἄχαριν ἔσχον, ἐλυμήναντο τὴν εὐμορφίαν. Ἐννόησον πῶς ἐρυθραίνει πρόσωπον λευκὸν ὂν, καὶ τῇ τοῦ χρώματος ποικιλίᾳ πολλὴν ἐργάζεται τὴν ἡδονὴν, ὅταν αἰσχύνεσθαι δέῃ καὶ ἐρυθριᾷν: ὥσπερ οὖν ἐὰν ἀναίσχυντος ᾖ, θηρίου παντὸς ἀηδεστέραν τὴν ὄψιν ἐργάζεται. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ψυχῆς καλῆς ὡραιότερον, οὐδὲν ἥδιον. Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν σωμάτων, μετὰ ἀλγηδόνος ὁ πόθος: ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ψυχῶν, καθαρὰ καὶ ἀκύμαντος ἡ ἡδονή. Τί τοίνυν τὸν βασιλέα ἀφεὶς, πρὸς τὸν κήρυκα ἐπτόησαι; τί τὸν φιλόσοφον καταλιπὼν, κέχηνας πρὸς τὸν ἑρμηνέα; Εἶδες καλὸν ὀφθαλμόν; κατάμαθε τὸν ἔνδον: κἂν μὴ ᾖ καλὸς ἐκεῖνος, καταφρόνησον καὶ τούτου. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ γυναῖκα εἶδες ἄμορφον προσωπεῖον περικειμένην καλὸν, ἔπαθες ἄν τι πρὸς αὐτήν: ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ εὐειδῆ καὶ καλὴν ἠνέσχου ἂν κρύπτεσθαι τῷ προσωπείῳ, ἀλλὰ περιελὼν αὐτὸ, γυμνὴν ἂν ἠθέλησας τὴν ὥραν ἰδεῖν. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ποίει, καὶ αὐτὴν καταμάνθανε πρώτην: ἐν προσωπείου γὰρ χώρᾳ αὕτη τὸ σῶμα περίκειται: διὸ καὶ μένει τοιοῦτον οἷόν ἐστιν: ἐκείνη δὲ κἂν ἄμορφος ᾖ, ταχέως δύναται γενέσθαι καλή. Κἂν ὀφθαλμὸν ἔχῃ δυσειδῆ καὶ τραχὺν καὶ σκληρὸν, δύναται γενέσθαι καλὸς, ἥμερος, γαληνὸς, μειλίχιος, προσηνής. Ταύτην τοίνυν τὴν εὐμορφίαν ζητῶμεν, ταύτην καλλωπίζωμεν τὴν ὄψιν, ἵνα καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐπιθυμήσας τοῦ κάλλους ἡμῶν, μεταδῷ ἡμῖν τῶν αἰωνίων ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.