1. As it was your desire, my beloved brother Theophilus, to be thoroughly informed on those topics which I put summarily before you, I have thought it

 2. For as the blessed prophets were made, so to speak, eyes for us, they foresaw through faith the mysteries of the word, and became ministers of thes

 3. Do you wish then to know in what manner the Word of God, who was again the Son of God, as He was of old the Word, communicated His revelations to t

 4. For whereas the Word of God was without flesh, He took upon Himself the holy flesh by the holy Virgin, and prepared a robe which He wove for Himsel

 5. But as time now presses for the consideration of the question immediately in hand, and as what has been already said in the introduction with regar

 6. Now, as our Lord Jesus Christ, who is also God, was prophesied of under the figure of a lion, on account of His royalty and glory, in the same way

 7. Now the blessed Jacob speaks to the following effect in his benedictions, testifying prophetically of our Lord and Saviour: “Judah, let thy brethre

 8. Knowing, then, as I do, how to explain these things in detail, I deem it right at present to quote the words themselves. But since the expressions

 9. And in saying, “A ruler shall not depart from Judah, nor a leader from his thighs, until he come for whom it is reserved and he shall be the expec

 10. “Binding his ass to a vine:” that means that He unites His people of the circumcision with His own calling (vocation). For He was the vine.   “And

 11. “He shall wash his garment in wine,” that is, according to that voice of His Father which came down by the Holy Ghost at the Jordan. “And his clot

 12. “His eyes gladsome with wine.” And what are the eyes of Christ but the blessed prophets, who foresaw in the Spirit, and announced beforehand, the

 13. And in saying, “And his teeth (shall be) whiter than milk,” he referred to the commandments that proceed from the holy mouth of Christ, and which

 14. Thus did the Scriptures preach before-time of this lion and lion’s whelp. And in like manner also we find it written regarding Antichrist. For Mos

 15. That it is in reality out of the tribe of Dan, then, that that tyrant and king, that dread judge, that son of the devil, is destined to spring and

 16. But Isaiah also speaks thus:  “And it shall come to pass, that when the Lord hath performed His whole work upon Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, He wi

 17. And again he says in another place: “How hath the exactor ceased, and how hath the oppressor ceased! God hath broken the yoke of the rulers of sin

 18. Ezekiel also speaks of him to the same effect, thus: “Thus saith the Lord God, Because thine heart is lifted up, and thou hast said, I am God, I s

 19. These words then being thus presented, let us observe somewhat in detail what Daniel says in his visions. For in distinguishing the kingdoms that

 20. Now if we set Daniel’s own visions also side by side with this, we shall have one exposition to give of the two together, and shall (be able to) s

 21. “I beheld till the thrones were set, and the Ancient of days did sit: and His garment was white as snow, and the hair of His head like pure wool:

 22. “I saw in the night vision, and, behold, one like the Son of man was coming with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and was br

 23. Now since these things, spoken as they are with a mystical meaning, may seem to some hard to understand, we shall keep back nothing fitted to impa

 24. Then, after the lioness, he sees a “second beast like a bear,” and that denoted the Persians. For after the Babylonians, the Persians held the sov

 25. Then he says: “A fourth beast, dreadful and terrible it had iron teeth and claws of brass.” And who are these but the Romans? which (kingdom) is

 26. After a little space the stone will come from heaven which smites the image and breaks it in pieces, and subverts all the kingdoms, and gives the

 27. As these things, then, are in the future, and as the ten toes of the image are equivalent to (so many) democracies, and the ten horns of the fourt

 28. The golden head of the image and the lioness denoted the Babylonians the shoulders and arms of silver, and the bear, represented the Persians and

 29. These things, beloved, we impart to you with fear, and yet readily, on account of the love of Christ, which surpasseth all. For if the blessed pro

 30. Come, then, O blessed Isaiah arise, tell us clearly what thou didst prophesy with respect to the mighty Babylon. For thou didst speak also of Jer

 31. Which of you, then, shall I esteem more than thee? Yet Jeremiah, too, is stoned. But if I should esteem Jeremiah most, yet Daniel too has his test

 32. Speak with me, O blessed Daniel.  Give me full assurance, I beseech thee. Thou dost prophesy concerning the lioness in Babylon for thou wast a ca

 33. After this again thou hast told me of the beast dreadful and terrible. “It had iron teeth and claws of brass: it devoured and brake in pieces, and

 34. But as the task before us was to speak of the harlot, be thou with us, O blessed Isaiah. Let us mark what thou sayest about Babylon. “Come down, s

 35. “I was wroth with my people I have polluted mine inheritance, I have given them into thine hand: and thou didst show them no mercy but upon the

 36. For he sees, when in the isle Patmos, a revelation of awful mysteries, which he recounts freely, and makes known to others. Tell me, blessed John,

 37. “And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great a

 38. “And here is the mind that has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth. And there are seven kings: five are fallen

 39. “And he saith to me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues. And the ten hor

 40. “After these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, having great power and the earth was lightened with his glory. And he cried mighti

 41. “Reward her even as she rewarded (you), and double unto her double, according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled, fill to her double.

 42. “Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and ye angels, and apostles, and prophets for God hath avenged you on her. And a mighty angel took up a stone lik

 43. With respect, then, to the particular judgment in the torments that are to come upon it in the last times by the hand of the tyrants who shall ari

 44. For as two advents of our Lord and Saviour are indicated in the Scriptures, the one being His first advent in the flesh, which took place without

 45.  He, on hearing the salutation addressed to Elisabeth, leaped with joy in his mother’s womb, recognising God the Word conceived in the womb of the

 46. But since the Saviour was the beginning of the resurrection of all men, it was meet that the Lord alone should rise from the dead, by whom too the

 47. For John says, “And I will give power unto my two witnesses, and they shall prophesy a thousand two hundred and threescore days, clothed in sackcl

 48. But as it is incumbent on us to discuss this matter of the beast more exactly, and in particular the question how the Holy Spirit has also mystica

 49. By the beast, then, coming up out of the earth, he means the kingdom of Antichrist and by the two horns he means him and the false prophet after

 50. But now we shall speak of what is before us. For such measures will he, too, devise, seeking to afflict the saints in every way. For the prophet a

 51. But not to confine ourselves to these words and arguments alone, for the purpose of convincing those who love to study the oracles of God, we shal

 52. In those times, then, he shall arise and meet them. And when he has overmastered three horns out of the ten in the array of war, and has rooted th

 53. These things, then, shall be in the future, beloved and when the three horns are cut off, he will begin to show himself as God, as Ezekiel has sa

 54. As his tribe, then, and his manifestation, and his destruction, have been set forth in these words, and as his name has also been indicated mystic

 55. It will not be detrimental, therefore, to the course of our present argument, if we explain the art of that creature, and show that the prophet ha

 56. He then, having gathered to himself the unbelieving everywhere throughout the world, comes at their call to persecute the saints, their enemies an

 57. By the unrighteous judge, who fears not God, neither regards man, he means without doubt Antichrist, as he is a son of the devil and a vessel of S

 58. And in like manner Moses, knowing beforehand that the people would reject and disown the true Saviour of the world, and take part with error, and

 59. But we who hope for the Son of God are persecuted and trodden down by those unbelievers. For the wings of the vessels are the churches and the se

 60. Now, concerning the tribulation of the persecution which is to fall upon the Church from the adversary, John also speaks thus: “And I saw a great

 61. By the woman then clothed with the sun,” he meant most manifestly the Church, endued with the Father’s word, whose brightness is above the sun. An

 62. The Lord also says, “When ye shall see the abomination of desolation stand in the holy place (whoso readeth, let him understand), then let them wh

 63. And the blessed Apostle Paul, writing to the Thessalonians, says: “Now we beseech you, brethren, concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, a

 64. These things, then, being to come to pass, beloved, and the one week being divided into two parts, and the abomination of desolation being manifes

 65. Moreover, concerning the resurrection and the kingdom of the saints, Daniel says, “And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall aris

 66. Concerning the resurrection of the righteous, Paul also speaks thus in writing to the Thessalonians:  “We would not have you to be ignorant concer

 67. These things, then, I have set shortly before thee, O Theophilus, drawing them from Scripture itself ,

34. But as the task before us was to speak of the harlot, be thou with us, O blessed Isaiah. Let us mark what thou sayest about Babylon. “Come down, sit upon the ground, O virgin daughter of Babylon; sit, O daughter of the Chaldeans; thou shalt no longer be called tender and delicate. Take the millstone, grind meal, draw aside thy veil,79    For ἀναξύρισον others read ἀνακάλυψαι = uncover. shave the grey hairs, make bare the legs, pass over the rivers. Thy shame shall be uncovered, thy reproach shall be seen: I will take justice of thee, I will no more give thee over to men. As for thy Redeemer, (He is) the Lord of hosts, the Holy One of Israel is his name. Sit thou in compunction, get thee into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans: thou shalt no longer be called the strength of the kingdom.

[34] ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ προὔκειτο ἡμῖν περὶ τῆς πόρνης εἰπεῖν, πάρελθε, ὦ μακάριε Ἡσαΐα. ἴδωμεν τί λέγεις περὶ Βαβυλῶνος. „κατάβηθι, κάθισον ἐπὶ γῆς, παρθένος θύγατερ Βαβυλῶνος, κάθισον, θυγάτηρ Χαλδαίων, οὐκέτι προστεθήσῃ κληθῆναι ἁπαλὴ καὶ τρυφερά. λάβε μύλον, ἄλεσον ἄλευρον, ἀποκάλυψαι τὸ κατακάλυμμά σου, ἀνάσυρε τὰς πολιάς σου, ἀνακάλυψαι τὰς κνήμας, διάβηθι ποταμούς. ἀνακαλυφθήσεται ἡ αἰσχύνη σου, φανήσονται οἱ ὀνειδισμοί σου. τὸ δίκαιον ἐκ σοῦ λήμψομαι, οὐκέτι μὴ παραδῶ σε ἀνθρώποις. ὁ ῥυσάμενός σε κύριος Σαβαώθ, ὄνομα αὐτῷ ὁ ἅγιος Ἰσραήλ. κάθισον κατανενυγμένη, εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ σκότος, θυγάτηρ Χαλδαίων, οὐκέτι μὴ κληθήσῃ ἰσχὺς βασιλείας.