John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew

Again, He sets forth the things that are more painful, and that with great aggravation: and the objection they were sure to meet Him with, He prevents them by stating. I mean, lest hearing this, they should say, “For, this then art Thou come, to destroy both us, and them that obey us, and to fill the earth with war?” He first saith Himself, “I am not come to send peace on earth.”

How then did He enjoin them to pronounce peace on entering into each house? And again, how did the angels say, “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace”?1450 Luke ii. 14. And how came all the prophets too to publish it for good tidings? Because this more than anything is peace, when the diseased is cut off, when the mutinous is removed. For thus it is possible for Heaven to be united to earth. Since the physician too in this way preserves the rest of the body, when he amputates the incurable part; and the general, when he has brought to a separation them that were agreed in mischief. Thus it came to pass also in the case of that famous tower; for their evil peace1451 Gen. xi. 7, 8.was ended by their good discord, and peace made thereby. Thus Paul also divided them that were conspiring against him.1452 Acts xxiii. 6, 7. And in Naboth’s case that agreement was at the same time more grievous than any war.1453 1 Kings xxi. For concord is not in every case a good thing, since even robbers agree together.

The war is not then the effect of His purpose, but of their temper. For His will indeed was that all should agree in the word of godliness; but because they fell to dissension, war arises. Yet He spake not so; but what saith He? “I am not come to send peace;” comforting them. As if He said, For think not that ye are to blame for these things; it is I who order them so, because men are so disposed. Be not ye therefore confounded, as though the events happened against expectation. To this end am I come, to send war among men; for this is my will. Be not ye therefore troubled, when the earth is at war, as though it were subject to some hostile device. For when the worse part is rent away, then after that Heaven is knit unto the better.

And these things He saith, as strengthening them against the evil suspicion of the multitude.

And He said not “war,” but what was more grievous than it, “a sword.” And if there be somewhat painful in these expressions, and of an alarming emphasis, marvel not. For, it being His will to train their ears by the severity of His words, lest in their difficult circumstances they should start aside, He fashioned His discourse accordingly; lest any one should say it was by flattery He persuaded them, and by concealing the hardships; therefore even to those things which merited to be otherwise expressed, He gave by His words the more galling and painful turn. For it is better to see persons’ gentleness in things, than in words.

2. Wherefore neither with this was He satisfied, but unfolds also the very nature of the war, signifying it to be far more grievous even than a civil war; and He saith, “I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”1454 Matt. x. 35. [R.V., “I came,” etc.]

For not friends only, saith He, nor fellow citizens, but even kinsmen shall stand against one another, and nature shall be divided against herself. “For I am come,” saith He, “to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.” That is, not merely among those of the same household is the war, but among those that are dearest, and extremely near to each other. And this more than anything signifies His power, that hearing these things, they both accepted Him, and set about persuading all others.

Yet was it not He that did this: of course not: but the wickedness of the other sort: nevertheless He saith it is His own doing. For such is the custom of the Scripture. Yea, and elsewhere also He saith, “God hath given them eyes that they should not see:”1455 Rom. xi. 8.and here He speaks in this way, in order that having, as I said before, exercised themselves in these words, they might not be confounded on suffering reproaches and insults.

But if any think these things intolerable, let them be reminded of an ancient history. For in times of old also this came to pass, which thing especially shows the old covenant to be akin to the new, and Him who is here speaking, the same with the giver of those commands. I mean that in the case of the Jews also, when each had slain his neighbor, then He laid aside His anger against them; both when they made the calf, and when they were joined to Baal Peor.1456 Exod. xxxii. 29; Numb. xxv. 7–11. Where then are they that say, “That God is evil, and this good?” For behold He hath filled the world with blood, shed by kinsmen. Nevertheless even this we affirm to be a work of great love towards man.

Therefore, you see, implying that it was He who approved those other acts also, He makes mention also of a prophecy, which if not spoken for this end, yet involves the same meaning. And what is this?

“A man’s foes shall be they of his own household.”1457 Matt. x. 36.

For indeed among the Jews also something of the kind took place. That is, there were prophets, and false prophets, and the people was divided, and families were in dissension; and some believed the one, and some the other. Wherefore the prophet admonishes, saying, “Trust ye not in friends, have not hope in guides; yea, even of her that lieth in thy bosom beware, in respect of communicating aught to her:” and, “A man’s enemies are the men that are in his own house.”1458 Micah vii. 5, 6.

And this He said, preparing him that should receive the word to be above all. For to die is not evil, but to die an evil death. On this account He said moreover, “I am come to cast fire upon the earth.”1459 Luke xii. 49. And this He said, to declare the vehemence and warmth of the love which He required. For, because He loved us very much, so He will likewise be loved of us. And these sayings would strengthen1460 ἤλειφε, “would anoint them for action.”the persons present also, and lift them higher. “For if those others,” saith He, “are to despise kinsmen, and children, and parents, imagine what manner of men ye their teachers ought to be. Since neither will the hardships stop with you, but will also pass on to the rest. For since I am come bringing great blessings, I demand also great obedience, and purpose of heart.”

3. “He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than me, is not worthy of me; and he that taketh not his cross and followeth after me, is not worthy of me.”1461 Matt. x. 37, 38.

Seest thou a teacher’s dignity? Seest thou, how He signifies himself a true Son of Him that begat Him, commanding us to let go all things beneath, and to take in preference the love of Him?

“And why speak I,” saith He, “of friends and kinsmen? Even if it be thine own life which thou preferrest to my love, thy place is far from my disciples.” What then? Are not these things contrary to the Old Testament? Far from it, rather they are very much in harmony therewith. For there too He commands not only to hate the worshippers of idols, but even to stone them; and in Deuteronomy again, admiring these, He saith, “Who said unto his father, and to his mother, I have not seen thee; neither did he acknowledge his brethren, and his own sons he disowned: he kept Thy oracles.”1462 Deut. xxxiii. 9. And if Paul gives many directions touching parents, commanding us to obey them in all things, marvel not; for in those things only doth he mean us to obey, as many as do not hinder godliness.1463 Eph. vi. 1. See there St. Chrysostom’s explanation of the expression, “in the Lord.” For indeed it is a sacred duty to render them all other honors: but when they demand more than is due, one ought not to obey. For this reason Luke saith, “If any man come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple;”1464 Luke xiv. 26.not commanding simply to hate them, since this were even quite contrary to the law; but “when one desires to be loved more than I am, hate him in this respect. For this ruins both the beloved himself, and the lover.” And these things He said, both to render the children more determined, and to make the fathers more gentle, that would hinder them. For when they saw He had such strength and power as to sever their children from them, they, as attempting things impossible, would even desist. Wherefore also He leaves the fathers, and addresses His discourse to the children, instructing the former not to make the attempt, as attempting things impracticable.

Then lest they should be indignant, or count it hard, see which way He makes His argument tend: in that having said, “Who hateth not father and mother,” He adds, “and his own life.” For why dost thou speak to me of parents, saith He, and brothers, and sisters, and wife? Nothing is nearer than the life to any man: yet if thou hate not this also, thou must bear in all things the opposite of his lot who loveth me.

And not even simply to hate it was His command, but so as to expose it to war, and to battles, and to slaughters, and blood. “For he that beareth not his cross, and cometh after me, cannot be my disciple.”1465 Matt. x. 38. Comp. Luke xiv. 27. [The word “beareth” (from Luke) is here substituted for “taketh.”—R.] Thus He said not merely that we must stand against death, but also against a violent death; and not violent only, but ignominious too.

And He discourses nothing as yet of His own passion, that when they had been for a time instructed in these things, they might more easily receive His word concerning it. Is there not, therefore, cause for amazement, how on their hearing these things, their soul did not wing its way from the body, the hardships being everywhere at hand, and the good things in expectation? How then did it not flee away? Great was both the power of the speaker, and the love of the hearers. Wherefore though hearing things far more intolera ble and galling than those great men, Moses and Jeremiah, they continued to obey, and to say nothing against it.

“He that findeth his life,” saith He, “shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake, shall find it.”1466 Matt. x. 39. Seest thou how great the damage to such as love it unduly? how great the gain to them that hate it? I mean, because the injunctions were disagreeable, when He was bidding them set themselves against parents, and children, and nature, and kindred, and the world, and their very soul, He sets forth the profit also, being very great. Thus, “These things,” saith He, “so far from harming, will very greatly profit; and their opposites will injure;” urging them, as He ever doth, by the very things which they desire. For why art thou willing to despise thy life?1467 Or “soul;” the same word standing in the Greek for both “soul” and “life;” which makes it impossible to give the full force of the passage in English. Because thou lovest it? Then for that very reason despise it, and so thou wilt advantage it in the highest degree, and do the part of one that loves it.

And mark an instance of unspeakable consideration. For not in respect of our parents only doth He practise this reasoning, nor of our children, but with regard to our life, which is nearer than all; that the other point may thenceforth become unquestionable, and they may learn that they will in this way profit those of their kindred likewise, as much as may be; since so it is in the case even of our life, which is more essential to us than all.

4. Now these things were enough to recommend men to receive them, their appointed healers. Yea, who would choose but receive with all readiness them that were so noble, such true heroes, and as lions running about the earth, and despising all that pertained to themselves, so that others might be saved? Yet nevertheless He proffers also another reward, indicating that He is caring here for the entertainers more than for the guests.

And the first honor He confers is by saying,

“He that receiveth you, receiveth me, and he that receiveth me, receiveth Him that sent me.”1468 Matt. x. 40.

With this, what may compare? that one should receive the Father and the Son! But He holds out herewith another reward also.

“ He,” saith He, “that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet, shall receive a prophet’s reward; and he that receiveth a righteous man in the name of a righteous man, shall receive a righteous man’s reward.”1469 Matt. x. 41.

And as before He threatens punishment to such as do not receive them, here He defines also a certain refreshment1470 ἄνεσιν, opposed to κλασιν, “punishment,” in the same way, Hom. XIII. 8, in the Benedictine edition, p. 176, c.; and elsewhere.for the good. And to teach thee His greater care for them, He said not simply, “He that receiveth a prophet,” or “He that receiveth a righteous man,” but subjoined, “in the name of a prophet,” and, “in the name of a righteous man;” that is, if not for any worldly preferment, nor for any other temporal thing, he receive him, but because he is either a prophet or a righteous man, he shall receive a prophet’s reward, and a righteous man’s reward; such as it were meet for him to have, that hath received a prophet, or a righteous man; or, such as that other is himself to receive. Which kind of thing Paul also said: “That your abundance may be a supply for their want, that their abundance also may be a supply for your want.”1471 2 Cor. viii. 14.

Then, lest any one should allege poverty, He saith,

“Or whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward.”1472 Matt. x. 43.

“Though a cup of cold water be thy gift, on which there is nothing laid out, even of this shall a reward be stored up for thee. For I do all things for the sake of you the receivers.”

Seest thou what mighty persuasions He used, and how He opened to them the houses of the whole world? Yea, He signified that men are their debtors: first, by saying, “The workman is worthy of his hire;” secondly, by sending them forth having nothing; thirdly, by giving them up to wars and fightings in behalf of them that receive them; fourthly, by committing to them miracles also; fifthly, in that He did by their lips introduce peace, the cause of all blessings, into the houses of such as receive them; sixthly, by threatening things more grievous than Sodom to such as receive them not: seventhly, by signifying that as many as welcome them are receiving both Himself and the Father; eighthly, by promising both a prophet’s and a righteous man’s reward: ninthly, by undertaking that the recompenses shall be great, even for a cup of cold water. Now each one of these things, even by itself, were enough to attract them. For who, tell me, when a leader of armies wounded in innumerable places, and dyed in blood, came in sight, returning after many trophies from war and conflict, would not receive him, throwing open every door in his house?

5. But who now is like this? one may say. Therefore He added, “In the name of a disciple, and of a prophet, and of a righteous man;” to instruct thee that not for the worthiness of the visitor, but for the purpose of him that gives welcome, is His reward appointed. For though here He speak of prophets, and righteous men, and disciples, yet elsewhere He bids men receive the veriest outcasts, and punishes such as fail to do so. For, “Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me;”1473 Matt. xxv. 45.and the converse again He affirms with respect to the same persons.

Since though he may be doing no such great work, he is a man, inhabiting the same world with thee, beholding the same sun having the same soul, the same Lord, a partaker with thee of the same mysteries, called to the same heaven with thee; having a strong claim, his poverty, and his want of necessary food. But now they that waken thee with flutes and pipes in the winter season, and disturb thee without purpose or fruit, depart from thee receiving many gifts.1474 This was part of the festivities of the Saturnalia; “it began on the 13th of January, when the flute players used to run about the city with much license and wantonness in female apparel; as at this time, about the Epiphany season, pipers and singers are wont to come into the houses of the rich, to sing for largesses, with some in masks at their head. Vid. Liv. lib. ix. c. 30.” Francisc. Modius de Ludis et Spect. Veterum, ii. 28, ap. Gronov. Thes. xi. 1055. And they that carry about swallows,1475 Here Mr. Field quotes from Bois as follows: “It is a description of certain jugglers, who used to carry about swallows trained to come and go when let loose, and settle on their heads, and take meat out of their mouths. So I conjecture,” Mr. Field adds, “I have nothing to add to this. For those whom Athanæus” (from Theognis) “mentions, as gathering a dole for the swallow (p.360, B.) seem not to answer to what is here meant. They, by way of begging, used to chant a sort of song about the coming of the swallow. It was the custom of the Rhodians particularly.”and smut themselves over,1476 Scaliger, Poet i. 10, says, “Some actors in low comedy were not masked, but smeared with soot;…and used to dance to music in honor of Bacchus, and bounding forward, to jeer at every one.” ap. Hoffman, voc. Mimus.and abuse every one, receive a reward for this their conjuration. But if there come to thee a poor man wanting bread, there is no end of revilings, and reproaches, and charges of idleness, and upbraidings, and insults, and jeers; and thou considerest not with thyself, that thou too art idle, and yet God giveth thee His gifts. For tell me not this, that thou too art doing somewhat, but point me out this rather, if it be anything really needful that thou doest, and art busy about. But if thou tellest one of money-getting, and of traffic, and of the care and increase of thy goods, I also would say unto thee, Not these, but alms, and prayers, and the protection of the injured, and all such things, are truly works, with respect to which we live in thorough idleness. Yet God never told us, “Because thou art idle, I light not up the sun for thee; because thou doest nothing of real consequence, I quench the moon, I paralyze the womb of the earth, I restrain the lakes, the fountains, the rivers, I blot out the atmosphere: I withhold the annual rains:” but He gives us all abundantly. And to some that are not merely idle, but even doing evil, He freely gives the benefit of these things.

When therefore thou seest a poor man, and sayest, “It stops my breath that this fellow, young as he is and healthy, having nothing, would fain be fed in idleness; he is surely some slave and runaway, and hath deserted his proper master:” I bid thee speak these same words to thyself; or rather, permit him freely to speak them unto thee, and he will say with more justice, “It stops my breath that thou, being healthy, art idle, and practisest none of the things which God hath commanded, but having run away from the commandments of thy Lord, goest about dwelling in wickedness, as in a strange land, in drunkenness, in surfeiting, in theft, in extortion, in subverting other men’s houses.” And thou indeed imputest idleness, but I evil works; in thy plotting, in thy swearing, in thy lying, in thy spoiling, in thy doing innumerable such things.

And this I say, not as making a law in favor of idleness, far from it; but rather very earnestly wishing all to be employed; for sloth is the teacher of all wickedness: but I beseech you not to be unmerciful, nor cruel. Since Paul also, having made infinite complaints, and said, “If any will not work, neither let him eat,” stopped not at this, but added, “But ye, be not weary in well doing.”1477 2 Thess. iii. 10, 13.“Nay, but these things are contradictory. For if thou hast commanded for them not to eat, how exhortest thou us to give?” I do so, saith He, for I have also commanded to avoid them, and “to have no company with them;” and again I said, “Count them not as enemies, but admonish them;”1478 2 Thess. iii. 14, 15.not making contradictory laws, but such as are quite in unison with each other. Because, if thou art prompt to mercy, both he, the poor man, will soon be rid of his idleness, and thou of thy cruelty.

“But he hath many lies and inventions,” you reply. Well, hence again is he pitiable, for that he hath fallen into such distress, as to be hardened even in such doings. But we, so far from pitying, add even those cruel words, “Hast thou not received once and again?” so we talk. What then? because he was once fed, hath he no need to be fed again? Why dost thou not make these laws for thine own belly also, and say to it likewise, Thou wert filled yesterday, and the day before, seek it not now? But while thou fillest that beyond measure, even to bursting,1479 [ὑπρ τ μτρον διαρρηγνει .]from him thou turnest away, when he asks but what is moderate; whereas thou oughtest therefore to pity him, because he is constrained to come to thee every day. Yea, if nought else incline thee to him, thou shouldest pity him because of this; for by the constraint of his poverty he is forced on these things, and doeth them. And thou dost not pity him, because, being so spoken to, he feels no shame: the reason being, that his want is too strong for him.

Nay, thou instead of pitying, dost even make a show of him; and whereas God hath commanded to give secretly, thou standest exposing publicly him that hath accosted thee, and upbraiding him, for what ought to move thy pity. Why, if thou art not minded to give, to what end add reproach, and bruise that weary and wretched soul? He came as into a harbor, seeking help at thine hands; why stir up waves, and make the storm more grievous? Why dost thou condemn him of meanness? What? had he thought to hear such things, would he have come to thee? Or if he actually came foreseeing this, good cause therefore both to pity him, and to shudder at thine own cruelty, that not even so, when thou seest an inexorable necessity laid upon him, dost thou become more gentle, nor judgest him to have a sufficient excuse for his importunity in the dread of hunger, but accusest him of impudence: and yet hast thou often thyself practised greater impudence, yea in respect of grievous matters. For while here the very impudence brings with it ground of pardon, we, often doing things punishable, brazen it out: and when we ought to bear all that in mind, and be humble, we even trample on those miserable men, and when they ask medicines, we add to their wounds. I say, if thou wilt not give, yet why dost thou strike? If thou wilt not be bounteous, yet why be insolent?

“But he submits not to be put off in any other way.” Well then, as that wise man commanded,1480 Ecclus. iv. 8.so do. “Answer him peaceable words with meekness.” For not of his own accord, surely, is he so very importunate. For there is not, there cannot be, any man desiring to be put to shame for its own sake. How much soever any may contend, I cannot yield ever to be convinced that a man who was living in plenty would choose to beg.

6. Let no man then beguile us with arguments. But although Paul saith, “If any will not work, neither let him eat,”1481 2 Thess. iii. 10.to them he saith it; but to us he saith not this, but, on the contrary, “Be not weary in well doing.”1482 2 Thess. iii. 13. Even thus do we at home; when any two are striving with each other, we take each apart, and give them the opposite advice. This did God also, and Moses. For while to God he said, “If thou wilt forgive them their sin, forgive it; else blot me out also;”1483 Exod. xxxii. 32 [LXX.].them on the contrary he commanded to slay one another, and all that pertained to them. Yet these things are contrary; nevertheless, both looked to one end.

Again, God said to Moses in the hearing of the Jews, “Let me alone, that I may consume the people,”1484 Exod. xxxii. 10.(for though they were not present when God was saying this, yet they were to hear it afterwards): but privately He gives him directions of the opposite tenor. And this, Moses upon constraint revealed afterwards, thus saying, “What? did I conceive them, that thou sayest to me, Carry them, as a nurse would carry the sucking child in her bosom?”1485 Numb. xi. 12 [LXX.].

These things are done also in houses, and often a father while he blames the tutor in private for having used his child reproachfully, saying, “Be not rough, nor hard,” to the youth speaks in the contrary way, “Though thou be reproached unjustly, bear it;” out of those opposites making up some one wholesome result. Thus also Paul said to such as are in health and beg, “If any man will not work, neither let him eat,” that he may urge them into employment: but to such as can show mercy, “Ye, for your part, be not weary in well doing:” that he may lead them to give alms.

So also, when he was admonishing those of the Gentiles, in his Epistle to the Romans, not to be highminded against the Jews, he brought forward also the wild olive, and he seems to be saying one thing to these, another to those.1486 Rom. xi. 17.

Let us not therefore fall away into cruelty, but let us listen to Paul, saying, “Be not weary in well doing;” let us listen to the Lord, who saith, “Give to every man that asketh of thee,”1487 Luke vi. 30.and, “Be ye merciful as your Father.”1488 Luke vi. 36. And though He hath spoken of many things, He hath nowhere used this expression, but with regard to our deeds of mercy only. For nothing so equals us with God, as doing good.

“But nothing is more shameless,” saith one, “than a poor man.” Why, I pray thee? Because he runs up, and cries out after thee? Wilt thou then let me point out, how we are more importunate than they, and very shameless? Remember, I say, now at the season of the fast, how often, when thy table was spread at eventide, and thou hadst called thy ministering servant; on his moving rather leisurely,1489 [The construction is difficult: ἵνα σχολαιτερον βαδσ. We must accept here a causal sense of ἵνα.—R.]thou hast overset everything, kicking, insulting, reviling, merely about a little delay; although fully assured, that if not immediately, yet a little after thou shalt enjoy thy victuals. Upon which thou dost not call thyself impudent, changed as thou art into a wild beast for nothing; but the poor man, alarmed and trembling about his greater interests (for not about delay, but about famine, is all his fear), him dost thou call audacious, and shameless, and impudent, and all the most opprobrious names? Nay, how is this anything but extreme impudence.

But these things we do not consider: therefore we account such men troublesome: since if we at all searched into our own doings, and compared them with theirs, we should not have thought them intolerable.

Be not then a severe judge. Why, if thou wert clear of all sins, not even then would the law of God permit thee to be strict in searching out other men’s sins. And if the Pharisee perished on this account, what defense are we to find? If He suffer not such as have done well to be bitter in searching out other men’s doings, much less them that have offended.

7. Let us not then be savage, nor cruel, not without natural feeling, not implacable, not worse than wild beasts. For I know many to have gone even so far in brutishness, as for a little trouble to slight famishing persons, and to say these words: “I have no servant now with me; we are far from home; there is no money-changer that I know.” Oh cruelty! Didst thou promise the greater, and dost thou not fulfill the less? To save thy walking a little way, doth he perish with hunger? Oh insolence! Oh pride! Why, if it were ten furlongs to be walked, oughtest thou to be backward? Doth it not even come into thy mind that so thy reward is made greater? For whereas, when thou givest, thou receivest reward for the gift only: when thou thyself also goest, for this again is appointed thee a recompense.

Yea, the patriarch himself we admire for this, that in his own person he ran to the herd, and snatched up the calf,1490 Gen. xviii. 7.and that, when he had three hundred and eighteen servants born in his house.1491 Gen. xiv. 14. Comp. ep. of Barn. c. 9. But now some are filled with so much pride, as to do these things by servants, and not to be ashamed. “But dost thou require me to do these things myself?” one may say. “How then shall I not seem to be vainglorious?” Nay, but as it is, thou art led by another kind of vainglory to do this, being ashamed to be seen talking with a poor man.

But I am in no respect strict about this; only give, whether by thyself or by another thou art minded to do so; and do not accuse, do not smite, do not revile. For medicines, not wounds, doth he need who comes unto thee; mercy, not a sword. For tell me, if any one who had been smitten with a stone, and had received a wound in his head, were to let go all others, and run unto thy knees, drenched in his blood; wouldest thou indeed smite him with another stone, and add unto him another wound? I, for my part, think not; but even as it was, thou wouldest endeavor to cure it. Why then doest thou the contrary with respect to the poor? Knowest thou not how much power a word hath, both to raise up, and to cast down? “For a word,” it is said, “is better than a gift.”1492 Ecclus. xviii. 16.

Dost thou not consider that thou art thrusting the sword into thyself, and art receiving a more grievous wound, when he, being reviled, silently withdraws, with groans and many tears? Since indeed of God he is sent unto thee. Consider then, in insulting him, upon whom thou art causing the insult to pass; when God indeed sends him unto thee, and commands thee to give, but thou, so far from giving, dost even insult him on his coming.

And if thou art not aware how exceedingly amiss this is, look at it as among men, and then thou wilt fully know the greatness of the sin. As thus: if a servant of thine had been commanded by thee to go to another servant, who had money of thine, to receive it, and were to come back not only with empty hands, but also with despiteful usage; what wouldest thou not do to him that had wrought the insult? What penalty wouldest thou not exact, as though, after this, it were thyself that had been ill used?

This reckoning do thou make in regard of God also; for truly it is He that sends the poor to us, and of His we give, if indeed we do give. But if, besides not giving, we also send them away insulted, consider how many bolts, how many thunders, that which we are doing deserves.

Duly considering then all these things, let us both bridle our tongue, and put away inhumanity, and let us stretch forth the hand to give alms, and not with money only, but with words also, let us relieve such as are in need; that we may both escape the punishment for reviling, and may inherit the kingdom which is for blessing and almsgiving, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might forever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΛΕʹ. Μὴ νομίσητε, ὅτι ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν: οὐκ ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην, ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν. αʹ. Πάλιν τὰ φορτικώτερα τίθησι καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς περιουσίας: καὶ ὅπερ ἔμελλον ἀνθυποφέρειν, τοῦτο προλέγει. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ταῦτα ἀκούοντες λέγωσι: Διὰ τοῦτο οὖν παραγέγονας, ὥστε καὶ ἡμᾶς ἀνελεῖν καὶ τοὺς ἡμῖν πειθομένους, καὶ πολέμου τὴν γῆν ἐμπλῆσαι; πρότερον αὐτός φησιν: Οὐκ ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν. Πῶς οὖν αὐτοῖς ἐπέταξεν εἰς ἑκάστην οἰκίαν εἰσιοῦσιν εἰρήνην ἐπιλέγειν; πῶς δὲ καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι ἔλεγον, Δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις Θεῷ, καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη; πῶς δὲ καὶ οἱ προφῆται πάντες τοῦτο εὐηγγελίζοντο; Ὅτι τοῦτο μάλιστα εἰρήνη, ὅταν τὸ νενοσηκὸς ἀποτέμνηται, ὅταν τὸ στασιάζον χωρίζηται. Οὕτω γὰρ δυνατὸν τὸν οὐρανὸν τῇ γῇ συναφθῆναι. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἰατρὸς οὕτω τὸ λοιπὸν διασώζει σῶμα, ὅταν τὸ ἀνιάτως ἔχον ἐκτέμῃ: καὶ στρατηγὸς, ὅταν κακῶς ὁμονοοῦντας εἰς διάστασιν ἀγάγῃ. Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ πύργου γέγονεν ἐκείνου: τὴν γὰρ κακὴν εἰρήνην ἡ καλὴ διαφωνία ἔλυσε, καὶ ἐποίησεν εἰρήνην. Οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος τοὺς κατ' αὐτοῦ συμφωνοῦντας διέσχισεν. Ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Ναβουθὲ πολέμου παντὸς τότε ἡ συμφωνία ἐκείνη χαλεπωτέρα γέγονεν. Οὐ γὰρ πανταχοῦ ὁμόνοια καλόν: ἐπεὶ καὶ λῃσταὶ συμφωνοῦσιν. Οὐκ ἄρα οὖν τῆς αὐτοῦ προθέσεως τὸ ἔργον, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐκείνων γνώμης ὁ πόλεμος. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐβούλετο πάντας ὁμονοεῖν εἰς τὸν τῆς εὐσεβείας λόγον: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκεῖνοι διεστασίαζον, πόλεμος γίνεται. Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶπεν οὕτως: ἀλλὰ τί φησιν; Οὐκ ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην, ἐκείνους παραμυθούμενος. Μὴ γὰρ νομίσητε, φησὶν, ὅτι ὑμεῖς αἴτιοι τούτων: ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ταῦτα κατασκευάζων, ἐπειδὴ οὕτω διάκεινται. Μὴ τοίνυν θορυβεῖσθε, ὡς παρὰ προσδοκίαν τῶν πραγμάτων γινομένων. Διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθον, ὥστε πόλεμον ἐμβαλεῖν: τοῦτο γὰρ ἐμόν ἐστι τὸ θέλημα. Μὴ τοίνυν θορυβεῖσθε πολεμουμένης, ὡς ἐπιβουλευομένης τῆς γῆς. Ὅταν γὰρ ἀποσχισθῇ τὸ χεῖρον, τότε λοιπὸν τῷ κρείττονι συνάπτεται ὁ οὐρανός. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει, πρὸς τὴν πονηρὰν ὑπόνοιαν τῶν πολλῶν αὐτοὺς ἀλείφων. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Πόλεμον, ἀλλ' ὃ τούτου χαλεπώτερον ἦν, Μάχαιραν. Εἰ δὲ φορτικώτερον εἴρηται ταῦτα καὶ κακεμφάτως, μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Βουλόμενος γὰρ αὐτῶν γυμνάσαι τῇ τραχύτητι τῶν ῥημάτων τὴν ἀκοὴν, ἵνα μὴ ἐν τῇ δυσκολίᾳ τῶν πραγμάτων ἀποπηδήσωσιν, οὕτω καὶ τὸν λόγον ἐσχημάτισε: ἵνα μή τις λέγῃ, ὅτι κολακεύσας ἔπεισε καὶ τὰ δυσχερῆ κρύψας, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ ἑτέρως ὀφείλοντα λεχθῆναι, ἐπαχθέστερον ἡρμήνευσε καὶ φορτικώτερον. Βέλτιον γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν ἡμερότητα ἰδεῖν, ἢ ἐπὶ τῶν ῥημάτων. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ τούτοις ἠρκέσθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀναπλώσας αὐτὸ τοῦ πολέμου τὸ εἶδος, δείκνυσι καὶ τοῦτο ἐμφυλίου πολλῷ χαλεπώτερον ὂν, καί φησιν: Ἦλθον διχάσαι ἄνθρωπον κατὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ θυγατέρα κατὰ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς, καὶ νύμφην κατὰ τῆς πενθερᾶς αὐτῆς. Οὐ γὰρ φίλοι, φησὶν, οὐδὲ πολῖται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ συγγενεῖς κατ' ἀλλήλων στήσονται, καὶ ἡ φύσις καθ' ἑαυτὴν σχισθήσεται. Ἦλθον γὰρ, φησὶ, διχάσαι ἄνθρωπον κατὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ θυγατέρα κατὰ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς, καὶ νύμφην κατὰ τῆς πενθερᾶς αὐτῆς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις ὁ πόλεμος, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς φιλτάτοις καὶ τοῖς σφόδρα ἀναγκαίοις. Ὃ μάλιστα αὐτοῦ τὴν δύναμιν δείκνυσιν, ὅτι ταῦτα ἀκούοντες καὶ αὐτοὶ κατεδέχοντο, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἔπειθον. Καίτοιγε οὐκ αὐτὸς ταῦτα ἐποίει, ἀλλ' ἡ ἐκείνων πονηρία: ἀλλ' ὅμως αὐτὸς ταῦτα λέγει ποιεῖν. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ τῆς Γραφῆς τὸ ἔθος. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησι: Δέδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα οὕτω φησίν: ἵν', ὅπερ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, μελετήσαντες ἐν τοῖς ῥήμασι τούτοις, μὴ θορυβῶνται ὀνειδιζόμενοι καὶ ὑβριζόμενοι. Εἰ δέ τινες φορτικὰ ταῦτα νομίζουσιν εἶναι, ἀναμνησθήτωσαν παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἄνω χρόνοις τοῦτο συνέβη, ὃ μάλιστα δείκνυσι τὴν Παλαιὰν τῇ Καινῇ συγγενῆ, καὶ τὸν ταῦτα λέγοντα τοῦτον ὄντα τὸν καὶ ἐκεῖνα ἐπιτάξαντα. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὅτε ἕκαστος τὸν πλησίον ἀνεῖλε, τότε αὐτοῖς τὴν ὀργὴν εἴασε: καὶ ὅτε τὸν μόσχον ἐποίησαν, καὶ ὅτε τῷ Βεελφεγὼρ ἐτελέσθησαν. Ποῦ τοίνυν εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες, ὅτι Πονηρὸς ἐκεῖνος ὁ Θεὸς, οὗτος δὲ ἀγαθός; Ἰδοὺ γὰρ συγγενικῶν αἱμάτων τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐπλήρωσεν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως πολλῆς καὶ τοῦτο φιλανθρωπίας ἔργον εἶναί φαμεν. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο δεικνὺς αὐτὸν ὄντα τὸν καὶ ἐκεῖνα ἀποδεξάμενον, καὶ προφητείας μέμνηται, εἰ καὶ μὴ εἰς τοῦτο εἰρημένης, ἀλλ' ὅμως τὸ αὐτὸ ἐμφαινούσης. Τίς δὲ αὕτη ἐστίν; Ἐχθροὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οἱ οἰκειακοὶ αὐτοῦ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τοιουτόν τι συνέβη. Ἦσαν γὰρ προφῆται καὶ ψευδοπροφῆται, καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἐσχίζετο, καὶ αἱ οἰκίαι διῃροῦντο: καὶ οἱ μὲν τούτοις ἐπίστευον, οἱ δὲ ἐκείνοις. Διὰ τοῦτο παραινεῖ ὁ προφήτης λέγων: Μὴ πιστεύετε ἐν φίλοις, μηδὲ ἐλπίζετε ἐπὶ ἡγουμένοις: ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς συγκοίτου σου φύλαξαι, τοῦ ἀναθέσθαι τι αὐτῇ: καὶ, Ἐχθροὶ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, τὸν μέλλοντα δέχεσθαι τὸν λόγον πάντων ἀνώτερον εἶναι παρασκευάζων. Οὐ γὰρ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κακὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ κακῶς ἀποθανεῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἔλεγε: Πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰς τὴν γῆν. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγε, τὴν σφοδρότητα καὶ θερμότητα δηλῶν τῆς ἀγάπης, ἣν ἀπῄτει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς σφόδρα ἠγάπησεν, οὕτω καὶ ἀγαπᾶσθαι βούλεται παρ' ἡμῶν. Ταῦτα δὲ καὶ τούτους ἤλειφε τὰ ῥήματα, καὶ ὑψηλοτέρους ἐποίει. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι μέλλουσι, φησὶ, συγγενῶν καὶ παίδων καὶ γονέων καταφρονεῖν, ἐννόησον ὑμᾶς τοὺς διδασκάλους ὁποίους εἶναι χρή. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέχρις ὑμῶν τὰ δυσχερῆ στήσεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄλλους διαβήσεται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ μεγάλα κομίζων ἦλθον ἀγαθὰ, μεγάλην ἀπαιτῶ καὶ τὴν ὑπακοὴν καὶ τὴν διάθεσιν. Ὁ φιλῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα ὑπὲρ ἐμὲ, οὐκ ἔστι μου ἄξιος: καὶ ὁ φιλῶν υἱὸν ἢ θυγατέρα ὑπὲρ ἐμὲ, οὐκ ἔστι μου ἄξιος. Καὶ ὃς οὐ λαμβάνει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθεῖ ὀπίσω μου, οὐκ ἔστι μου ἄξιος. Εἶδες ἀξίωμα. Διδασκάλου; εἶδες πῶς δείκνυσιν ἑαυτὸν γνήσιον τοῦ γεγεννηκότος Υἱὸν, πάντα κελεύων ἀφεῖναι κάτω, καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην τὴν αὐτοῦ προτιμᾷν; Καὶ τί λέγω, φησὶ, φίλους καὶ συγγενεῖς; Κἂν τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν σαυτοῦ προτιμήσῃς τῆς ἐμῆς ἀγάπης, πόῤῥω τῶν ἐμῶν ἕστηκας μαθητῶν. Τί οὖν; οὐκ ἐναντία ταῦτα τῇ Παλαιᾷ; Μὴ γένοιτο: ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα συνᾴδοντα. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖ τοὺς εἰδωλολατροῦντας οὐχὶ μισεῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ λιθάσαι κελεύει, καὶ ἐν τῷ Δευτερονομίῳ δὲ τούτους θαυμάζων φησίν: Ὁ λέγων τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῇ μητρὶ, Οὐχ ἑώρακά σε, καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔγνω, καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ ἀπέγνω, ἐφύλαξε τὰ λόγιά σου. Εἰ δὲ ὁ Παῦλος πολλὰ περὶ γονέων διατάττεται, πάντα αὐτοῖς ὑπακούειν κελεύων, μὴ θαυμάσῃς: εἰς ἐκεῖνα γὰρ μόνον φησὶν ὑπακούειν, ὅσα μὴ παραβλάπτει τὴν εὐσέβειαν. Καὶ γὰρ ὅσιον τὴν ἄλλην αὐτοῖς ἅπασαν ἀποδιδόναι τιμήν: ὅταν δὲ πλέον τῆς ὀφειλομένης ἀπαιτῶσιν, οὐ δεῖ πείθεσθαι. Διὰ τοῦτο ὁ Λουκᾶς φησιν: Εἰ τις ἔρχεται πρός με, καὶ οὐ μισεῖ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα, καὶ τὰ τέκνα, καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ, οὐ δύναταί μου μαθητὴς εἶναι: οὐχ ἁπλῶς μισῆσαι κελεύων, ἐπεὶ τοῦτο καὶ σφόδρα παράνομον, ἀλλ' Ὅταν βούληται πλέον ἐμοῦ φιλεῖσθαι, μίσησον αὐτὸν κατὰ τοῦτο. Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν φιλούμενον καὶ τὸν φιλοῦντα ἀπόλλυσι. βʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἀνδρειοτέρους ἐργαζόμενος, καὶ τοὺς πατέρας τοὺς μέλλοντας κωλύειν πραοτέρους ποιῶν. Ὁρῶντες γὰρ, ὅτι τοσαύτην ἰσχὺν ἔχει καὶ δύναμιν, ὡς ἀποσχίζειν αὐτῶν τὰ τέκνα, ἅτε ἀδυνάτοις ἐπιχειροῦντες, καὶ ἀφίστασθαι ἔμελλον. Διὸ καὶ τούτους ἀφεὶς, πρὸς ἐκείνους ποιεῖται τὸν λόγον, τούτους παιδεύων μὴ ἐπιχειρεῖν, ἅτε ἀμηχάνοις ἐπιχειροῦντας. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ἀγανακτῶσιν ἐκεῖνοι, μηδὲ δυσχεραίνωσιν, ὅρα ποῦ προάγει τὸν λόγον. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Ὃς οὐ μισεῖ πατέρα καὶ μητέρα, ἐπήγαγε, Καὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν. Τί γάρ μοι λέγεις τοὺς γεγεννηκότας, φησὶ, καὶ ἀδελφοὺς, καὶ ἀδελφὰς, καὶ γυναῖκα; Ψυχῆς οὐδὲν οἰκειότερον οὐδενί: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐὰν μὴ καὶ ταύτην μισήσῃς, τἀναντία τοῦ φιλοῦντος ὑποστήσῃ πάντα. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς αὐτὴν μισῆσαι ἐκέλευσεν, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ εἰς πόλεμον καὶ εἰς μάχας αὐτὴν ἐκδιδόναι, καὶ εἰς σφαγὰς καὶ αἵματα. Ὃς γὰρ οὐ βαστάζει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔρχεται ὀπίσω μου, οὐ δύναταί μου μαθητὴς εἶναι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, ὅτι πρὸς θάνατον δεῖ παρατετάχθαι, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ πρὸς θάνατον βίαιον: καὶ οὐ πρὸς βίαιον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπονείδιστον. Καὶ οὐδὲν οὐδέπω περὶ τοῦ οἰκείου διαλέγεται πάθους, ἵνα τέως ἐν τούτοις παιδευθέντες εὐκολώτερον τὸν περὶ ἐκείνου δέξωνται λόγον. Ἆρα οὐκ ἄξιον ἐκπλαγῆναι, πῶς ταῦτα ἀκουόντων αὐτῶν οὐκ ἀπέπτη τοῦ σώματος ἡ ψυχὴ, πανταχοῦ τῶν μὲν λυπηρῶν ἐν χερσὶν ὄντων, τῶν δὲ χρηστῶν ἐν ἐλπίσι; Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἀπέπτη; Πολλὴ καὶ ἡ τοῦ λέγοντος δύναμις ἦν, καὶ ἡ τῶν ἀκουόντων ἀγάπη. Διὸ πολλῷ φορτικώτερα καὶ ἐπαχθέστερα τῶν μεγάλων ἐκείνων ἀκούοντες ἀνδρῶν τῶν περὶ Μωϋσέα καὶ Ἱερεμίαν, ἔμενον πειθόμενοι καὶ οὐδὲν ἀντιλέγοντες. Ὁ εὑρὼν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, φησὶν, ἀπολέσει αὐτὴν, καὶ ὁ ἀπολέσας τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, εὑρήσει αὐτήν. Εἶδες πόσον τῶν παρὰ τὸ δέον φιλούντων τὸ βλάβος; πόσον τῶν μισούντων τὸ κέρδος; Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ ἐπιτάγματα φορτικὰ ἦν, πρὸς γονέας, καὶ παῖδας, καὶ φύσιν, καὶ συγγένειαν, καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν κελεύοντος αὐτοὺς παρατάττεσθαι, τίθησι καὶ τὸ ὄφελος, μέγιστον ὄν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ μόνον οὐ βλάψει, φησὶ, ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὠφελήσει τὰ μέγιστα, τἀναντία δὲ παραβλάψει: ὅπερ πανταχοῦ ποιεῖ, ἀφ' ὧν ἐπιθυμοῦσιν, ἀπὸ τούτων ἐνάγων. Διατί γὰρ οὐ βούλει καταφρονῆσαί σου τῆς ψυχῆς; Ἐπειδὴ φιλεῖς αὐτήν; Οὐκοῦν διὰ τοῦτο καταφρόνησον, καὶ τότε αὐτὴν τὰ μέγιστα ὀνήσεις, καὶ τὰ τοῦ φιλοῦντος ἐπιδείξῃ. Καὶ σκόπει σύνεσιν ἄφατον. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν γονέων μόνον γυμνάζει τὸν λόγον τοῦτον, οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τῶν παίδων, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῆς πάντων οἰκειοτέρας ψυχῆς, ἵνα ἐκεῖνο ἐντεῦθεν ἀναμφισβήτητον γένηται, καὶ μάθωσιν ὅτι καὶ ἐκείνους οὕτω τὰ μέγιστα ὠφελήσουσι, ὅπου γε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς πάντων ἀναγκαιοτέρας ψυχῆς τοῦτο συμβαίνει. Ἱκανὰ μὲν οὖν ἦν καὶ ταῦτα πεῖσαι δέχεσθαι τοὺς μέλλοντας αὐτοὺς θεραπεύειν. Τίς γὰρ τοὺς οὕτω γενναίους καὶ ἀριστέας, καὶ καθάπερ λέοντας τὴν οἰκουμένην περιτρέχοντας, καὶ πάντων καταφρονοῦντας τῶν καθ' ἑαυτοὺς, ἵνα ἕτεροι σωθῶσιν, οὐκ ἂν ἐδέξατο προθυμίᾳ πάσῃ; Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ἕτερον μισθὸν τίθησι, δεικνὺς ὅτι τῶν ξενοδοχούντων φροντίζει μᾶλλον ἐν τούτῳ, ἢ τῶν ξενιζομένων. Καὶ δίδωσι μὲν πρώτην τιμὴν, λέγων: Ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς, ἐμὲ δέχεται: καὶ ὁ ἐμὲ δεχόμενος, δέχεται τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με: οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν ἴσον, τοῦ τὸν Πατέρα καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν ὑποδέχεσθαι; Ἐπαγγέλλεται δὲ μετὰ τούτου καὶ ἑτέραν ἀμοιβήν: Ὁ δεχόμενος γὰρ, φησὶ, προφήτην εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου, μισθὸν προφήτου λήψεται: καὶ ὁ δεχόμενος δίκαιον εἰς ὄνομα δικαίου, μισθὸν δικαίου λήψεται. Καὶ ἀνωτέρω μὲν κόλασιν ἀπειλεῖ τοῖς μὴ δεχομένοις: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ ἄνεσιν ἀγαθῶν ὁρίζει. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι αὐτῶν φροντίζει μᾶλλον, οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην, ἢ, Ὁ δεχόμενος δίκαιον, ἀλλ' ἐπήγαγεν, Εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου, καὶ, Εἰς ὄνομα δικαίου: τουτέστιν, Ἐὰν μὴ διὰ βιωτικὴν προστασίαν, μηδὲ δι' ἄλλο τι τῶν ἐπικήρων δέξηται, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἢ προφήτης ἐστὶν, ἢ δίκαιος, μισθὸν προφήτου καὶ μισθὸν δικαίου λήψεται: οἷον εἰκὸς τὸν προφήτην ἢ δίκαιον δεξάμενον λαβεῖν: ἢ οἷον ἐκεῖνος μέλλει λαμβάνειν. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγε: Τὸ ὑμῶν περίσσευμα εἰς τὸ ἐκείνων ὑστέρημα, ἵνα καὶ τὸ ἐκείνων περίσσευμα γένηται εἰς τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα. Εἶτα ἵνα μή τις πενίαν προβάληται, φησίν: Ἢ ὃς ἐὰν ποτίσῃ ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων ποτήριον ψυχροῦ μόνον εἰς ὄνομα μαθητοῦ, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσῃ τὸν μισθὸν αὐτοῦ. Κἂν ποτήριον ψυχροῦ ὕδατος δῷς, ἔνθα οὐδὲν ἔστι δαπανῆσαι, καὶ τούτου κείσεταί σοι μισθός. Διὰ γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἅπαντα ποιῶ τοὺς δεχομένους. γʹ. Εἶδες δι' ὅσων ἔπεισε, καὶ τὰς οἰκίας αὐτοῖς ἀνέῳξε τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης; Καὶ γὰρ ἔδειξε διὰ πάντων ὀφειλέτας αὐτῶν ὄντας: πρῶτον, εἰπὼν, Ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ: δεύτερον, τῷ μηδὲν ἔχοντας ἐκπέμψαι: τρίτον, τῷ εἰς πολέμους καὶ μάχας ὑπὲρ τῶν δεχομένων ἐκδοῦναι: τέταρτον, τῷ καὶ σημεῖα αὐτοῖς ἐγχειρίσαι: πέμπτον, τῷ τὴν πάντων τῶν ἀγαθῶν αἰτίαν εἰρήνην διὰ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῶν εἰς τὰς τῶν δεχομένων εἰσαγαγεῖν οἰκίας: ἕκτον, τῷ χαλεπώτερα Σοδόμων ἀπειλῆσαι τοῖς μὴ δεχομένοις αὐτούς: ἕβδομον, τῷ δεῖξαι καὶ αὐτὸν καὶ τὸν Πατέρα δεχομένους τοὺς ὑποδεχομένους αὐτούς: ὄγδοον, τῷ καὶ προφήτου καὶ δικαίου μισθὸν ἐπαγγείλασθαι: ἔνατον, τῷ καὶ ποτηρίου ψυχροῦ μεγάλας ὑποσχέσθαι τὰς ἀμοιβάς. Τούτων δὲ ἕκαστον καὶ καθ' ἑαυτὸ ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτοὺς ἐπισπάσασθαι. Τίς γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, στρατηγὸν μυρία τραύματα ἔχοντα καὶ ᾑμαγμένον ὁρῶν, καὶ μετὰ πολλὰ τρόπαια ἀπὸ πολέμου καὶ παρατάξεως ἐπανιόντα, οὐκ ἂν ἐδέξατο, τὰς θύρας ἀναπετάσας τῆς οἰκίας ἁπάσης; Καὶ τίς νῦν τοιοῦτος; φησί. Διὰ τοῦτο προσέθηκεν, εἰς ὄνομα μαθητοῦ, καὶ προφήτου, καὶ δικαίου, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι οὐ τῇ ἀξίᾳ τοῦ παραγενομένου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ γνώμῃ τοῦ ξενίζοντος τὸν μισθὸν τίθησιν. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ περὶ προφητῶν καὶ δικαίων καὶ μαθητῶν φησιν: ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ καὶ τοὺς σφόδρα ἀπεῤῥιμμένους ὑποδέχεσθαι κελεύει, καὶ τοὺς μὴ ὑποδεχομένους κολάζει. Ἐφ' ὅσον γὰρ οὐκ ἐποιήσατε ἐνὶ τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων, οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε: καὶ τοὐναντίον πάλιν ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν λέγει. Κἂν γὰρ μηδὲν ᾖ κατορθῶν τοιοῦτον, ἄνθρωπός ἐστι, τὸν αὐτὸν σοὶ κόσμον οἰκῶν, τὸν αὐτὸν ἥλιον ὁρῶν, τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχων ψυχὴν, τὸν αὐτὸν Δεσπότην, τῶν αὐτῶν σοὶ κεκοινωνηκὼς μυστηρίων, ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν σοὶ καλούμενος οὐρανὸν, ἔχων μέγα δικαίωμα, τὴν πενίαν, καὶ τὸ δεῖσθαι τῆς ἀναγκαίας τροφῆς. Νῦν δὲ οἱ μὲν ἐξυπνίζοντες μετὰ αὐλῶν καὶ συρίγγων ἐν χειμῶνος ὥρᾳ, καὶ εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην ἐνοχλοῦντες, ξένια πολλὰ λαμβάνοντες παρὰ σοῦ ἀναχωροῦσι: καὶ οἱ χελιδόνας περιφέροντες, καὶ ἠσβολωμένοι, καὶ πάντας κακηγοροῦντες, μισθὸν τῆς τερατωδίας ταύτης λαμβάνουσιν. Ἂν δὲ προσέλθῃ πένης ἄρτου δεόμενος, μυρίαι κακηγορίαι καὶ διαβολαὶ, καὶ ἀργίας ἐγκλήματα, καὶ λοιδορίαι καὶ ὕβρεις καὶ σκώμματα: καὶ οὐ λογίζῃ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, ὅτι καὶ σὺ ἀργεῖς, καὶ ὅμως ὁ Θεὸς τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ σοι δίδωσι. Μὴ γάρ μοι τοῦτο εἴπῃς, ὅτι πράττεις τι καὶ αὐτός: ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνό μοι δεῖξον, εἰ τῶν ἀναγκαίων τι ποιεῖς καὶ μεταχειρίζῃ. Εἰ δὲ λέγεις μοι χρηματισμοὺς καὶ καπηλείας, καὶ τὴν τῶν ὄντων ἐπιμέλειαν καὶ προσθήκην, εἴποιμι ἄν σοι καὶ αὐτὸς, ὅτι ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν εἴη ἔργα, ἀλλ' ἐλεημοσύνη, καὶ εὐχαὶ, καὶ τῶν ἀδικουμένων προστασίαι, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, ὧν ἐν ἀργίᾳ ζῶμεν διαπαντός. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἡμῖν οὐδέποτε εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, Ἐπειδὴ ἀργεῖς, οὐκ ἀνάπτω σοι τὸν ἥλιον: ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν πράττεις τῶν ἀναγκαίων, τὴν σελήνην σβεννύω, πηρῶ τὴν γαστέρα τῆς γῆς, κωλύω τὰς λίμνας, τὰς πηγὰς, τοὺς ποταμοὺς, ἀφανίζω τὸν ἀέρα, ἐπέχω τοὺς ἐτησίους ὑετούς: ἀλλὰ πάντα μετὰ δαψιλείας ἡμῖν παρέχει. Ἐνίοις δὲ οὐ μόνον ἀργοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πονηρὰ πράττουσι τούτων χαρίζεται τὴν ἀπόλαυσιν. Ὅταν τοίνυν ἴδῃς πένητα, καὶ εἴπῃς, Ἀποπνίγομαι ὅτι νέος ὢν οὗτος, ὑγιὴς, οὐδὲν ἔχων, βούλεται τρέφεσθαι ἀργῶν, οἰκέτης που καὶ δραπέτης ὢν, καὶ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ δεσπότην καταλιπών: ταῦτα, ἅπερ εἶπον, εἰπὲ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐκείνῳ δὸς αὐτὰ μετὰ παῤῥησίας εἰπεῖν πρὸς σὲ, καὶ δικαιότερον ἐρεῖ, ὅτι Ἀποπνίγομαι, ὅτι ὑγιὴς ὢν ἀργεῖς, καὶ οὐδὲν πράττεις ὧν ἐπέταξεν ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ δραπετεύσας ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων τοῦ Δεσπότου, περιέρχῃ καθάπερ ἐν ἀλλοδαπῇ τῇ κακίᾳ διατρίβων, μεθύων, κραιπαλῶν, κλέπτων, ἁρπάζων, τὰς ἑτέρων ἀνατρέπων οἰκίας. Καὶ σὺ μὲν ὑπὲρ ἀργίας ἐγκαλεῖς: ἐγὼ δὲ ὑπὲρ ἔργων πονηρῶν, ὅταν ἐπιβουλεύῃς, ὅταν ὀμνύῃς, ὅταν ψεύδῃ, ὅταν ἁρπάζῃς, ὅταν μυρία τοιαῦτα ποιῇς. δʹ. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγω, οὐχὶ νομοθετῶν ἀργεῖν: μὴ γένοιτο: ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα βουλόμενος πάντας ἐν ἔργοις εἶναι: πᾶσαν γὰρ κακίαν ἐδίδαξεν ἡ ἀργία: παρακαλῶ δὲ μὴ ἀνηλεεῖς εἶναι, μηδὲ ὠμούς. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Παῦλος μυρία μεμψάμενος καὶ εἰπών: Εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω: οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκεν: Ὑμεῖς δὲ μὴ ἐκκακήσητε τὸ καλὸν ποιοῦντες. Καὶ μὴν ταῦτα ἐναντία ἐστίν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκέλευσας αὐτοὺς μὴ ἐσθίειν, πῶς ἡμῖν παραινεῖς διδόναι; Ναὶ, φησί: καὶ γὰρ ἐκέλευσα αὐτοὺς ἀποστρέφεσθαι, καὶ μὴ ἀναμίγνυσθαι, καὶ πάλιν εἶπον: Μὴ ἐχθροὺς ἡγεῖσθε, ἀλλὰ νουθετεῖτε: οὐκ ἐναντία νομοθετῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάνυ συνᾴδοντα. Ἂν γὰρ σὺ πρὸς ἔλεον ἕτοιμος ᾖς, κἀκεῖνος ταχέως ὁ πένης τῆς ἀργίας ἀπαλλαγήσεται, καὶ σὺ τῆς ὠμότητος. Ἀλλὰ ψεύδεται πολλὰ καὶ πλάττεται, φησίν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἄξιος ἐλεεῖσθαι, ὅτι εἰς τοιαύτην κατέπεσεν ἀνάγκην, ὡς καὶ τοιαῦτα ἀναισχυντεῖν. Ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐλεοῦμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ὠμὰ ἐκεῖνα προστίθεμεν ῥήματα, Οὐκ ἔλαβες ἅπαξ καὶ δίς; λέγοντες. Τί οὖν; οὐ δεῖται τραφῆναι πάλιν, ἐπειδὴ ἅπαξ ἐτράφη; Διατί μὴ καὶ τῇ σαυτοῦ γαστρὶ τούτους τιθεῖς τοὺς νόμους, καὶ λέγεις καὶ πρὸς αὐτήν: Ἐνεπλήσθης χθὲς καὶ πρὸ τῆς χθὲς, μὴ ζήτει νῦν; Ἀλλ' ἐκείνην μὲν καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸ μέτρον διαῤῥηγνύεις, τοῦτον δὲ καὶ τὰ σύμμετρα αἰτοῦντα ἀποστρέφῃ, ὀφείλων διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸν ἐλεεῖν, ὅτι καθ' ἑκάστην ἀναγκάζεταί σοι προσιέναι τὴν ἡμέραν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μηδαμόθεν ἑτέρωθεν ἐπικάμπτῃ, διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸν ἔδει σε ἐλεεῖν: τῇ γὰρ τῆς πενίας ἀνάγκῃ ταῦτα βιάζεται καὶ ποιεῖ. Καὶ οὐκ ἐλεεῖς αὐτὸν, ὅτι τοιαῦτα ἀκούων οὐκ αἰσχύνεται: ἡ γὰρ ἀνάγκη δυνατωτέρα. Σὺ δὲ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐλεεῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκπομπεύεις: καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ κελεύσαντος λάθρα διδόναι, ἕστηκας δημοσιεύων τὸν προσελθόντα, καὶ ὀνειδίζων, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐλεεῖν ἐχρῆν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ βούλει δοῦναι, τί καὶ ἐγκαλεῖς, καὶ συντρίβεις τὴν ταλαίπωρον καὶ ἀθλίαν ψυχήν; Ἦλθεν ὡς εἰς λιμένα τὰς σὰς χεῖρας ἐπιζητῶν: τί κύματα ἐγείρεις, καὶ χαλεπώτερον τὸν χειμῶνα ἐργάζῃ; Τί καταγινώσκεις ἀνελευθερίαν; Μὴ γὰρ, εἰ προσεδόκησε τοιαῦτα ἀκούσεσθαι, προσῆλθεν ἄν; Εἰ δὲ καὶ ταῦτα προειδὼς προσῆλθε, διὰ τοῦτο ἄξιον κἀκεῖνον ἐλεεῖν, καὶ τὴν σὴν φρίττειν ὠμότητα, ὅτι οὐδὲ οὕτως, ἀπαραίτητον ἐπικειμένην ὁρῶν ἀνάγκην, ἡμερώτερος γίνῃ, οὐδὲ ἀρκεῖν αὐτῷ νομίζεις εἰς ἀπολογίαν τῆς ἀναισχυντίας τὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ δέος, ἀλλ' ἀναισχυντίαν ἐγκαλεῖς: καίτοι μείζονα αὐτὸς ἠναισχύντησας πολλάκις, καὶ ὑπὲρ χαλεπῶν πραγμάτων. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ καὶ συγγνώμην ἡ ἀναισχυντίᾳ φέρει, ἡμεῖς δὲ πολλάκις κολάσεως ἄξια πράττοντες ἀναιδευόμεθα: καὶ δέον ἐννοοῦντας ἐκεῖνα ταπεινοὺς γίνεσθαι, καὶ ἐπεμβαίνομεν τοῖς ταλαιπώροις τούτοις, καὶ φάρμακα αἰτοῦσι τραύματα προστίθεμεν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ βούλει δοῦναι, τί καὶ πλήττεις; εἰ μὴ βούλει χαρίσασθαι, τίνος ἕνεκεν καὶ ὑβρίζεις; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀνέχεται ἀποστῆναι ἑτέρως. Οὐκοῦν ὡς ἐκέλευσεν ὁ σοφὸς ἐκεῖνος, οὕτω ποίησον: Ἀποκρίθητι αὐτῷ εἰρηνικὰ ἐν πραΰτητι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἑκὼν τοσαῦτα ἀναισχυντεῖ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστιν, ἄνθρωπος βουλόμενος ἁπλῶς καταισχύνεσθαι: κἂν μυρία τινὲς φιλονεικήσωσιν, οὐκ ἂν ἀνασχοίμην ἐγὼ πεισθῆναί ποτε, ὅτι ἄνθρωπος ἐν ἀφθονίᾳ ζῶν ἕλοιτο ἂν ἐπαιτεῖν. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ἡμᾶς παραλογιζέσθω. Ἀλλὰ κἂν λέγῃ Παῦλος: Εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω, πρὸς ἐκείνους λέγει: πρὸς δὲ ἡμᾶς οὐ τοῦτο λέγει, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον: Τὸ καλὸν ποιοῦντες μὴ ἐκκακεῖτε. Οὕτω καὶ ἐν οἰκίᾳ ποιοῦμεν ἡμεῖς: ὅταν δύο τινὲς μάχωνται πρὸς ἀλλήλους, κατ' ἰδίαν ἕκαστον λαβόντες τἀναντία παραινοῦμεν. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίησε, καὶ Μωϋσῆς. Πρὸς μὲν γὰρ τὸν Θεὸν ἔλεγεν: Εἰ μὲν ἀφεῖς αὐτοῖς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ἄφες: ἐπεὶ κἀμὲ ἐξάλειψον: αὐτοῖς δὲ ἐκέλευε κατασφάττειν ἀλλήλους καὶ τοὺς προσήκοντας ἅπαντας. Καίτοι ταῦτα ἐναντία ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ὅμως εἰς ἓν ἀμφότερα ἔβλεπε τέλος. Πάλιν ὁ Θεὸς τῷ μὲν Μωϋσεῖ, Ἰουδαίων ἀκουόντων, ἔλεγεν: Ἄφες με, καὶ ἐκτρίψω τὸν λαὸν (εἰ γὰρ καὶ μὴ παρῆσαν, ταῦτα λέγοντος τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ' ἔμελλον αὐτὰ ἀκούσεσθαι ὕστερον): κατ' ἰδίαν δὲ τἀναντία τούτων αὐτῷ παραινεῖ. Καὶ ταῦτα Μωϋσῆς ἀναγκασθεὶς ὕστερον ἐξελάλησεν, οὕτω λέγων: Μὴ γὰρ ἐγὼ αὐτοὺς ἐν γαστρὶ ἔλαβον, ὅτι λέγεις μοι, Ἆρον αὐτοὺς, ὡς ἂν ἄρῃ τιθηνὸς τὸν θηλάζοντα εἰς τὸν κόλπον αὐτῆς; Ταῦτα καὶ ἐν οἰκίαις γίνεται: καὶ πολλάκις πατὴρ τῷ μὲν παιδαγωγῷ τὸν παῖδα ὑβρίσαντι κατ' ἰδίαν ἐπιτιμᾷ λέγων: Μὴ ἔσο τραχὺς, μηδὲ σκληρός: τῷ δὲ νέῳ τὰ ἐναντία λέγει: Κἂν ἀδίκως ὑβρίζῃ, φέρε: ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων ἕν τι χρήσιμον συνάγων. Οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος, τοῖς μὲν ὑγιαίνουσι καὶ προσαιτοῦσιν ἔλεγεν: Εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω, ἵνα αὐτοὺς εἰς ἔργον ἐμβάλῃ: τοῖς δὲ ἐλεεῖν δυναμένοις: Ὑμεῖς δὲ τὸ καλὸν ποιοῦντες μὴ ἐκκακήσητε, ἵνα αὐτοὺς εἰς ἐλεημοσύνην ἀγάγῃ. Οὕτω καὶ ἡνίκα τοῖς ἐξ ἐθνῶν παρῄνει ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους Ἐπιστολῇ μὴ ὑψηλοφρονεῖν κατὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ τὴν ἀγριελαίαν παρήγαγεν εἰς μέσον, καὶ ἄλλα μὲν τούτοις, ἄλλα δὲ ἐκείνοις φαίνεται λέγων. Μὴ τοίνυν εἰς ὠμότητα ἐκπέσωμεν, ἀλλ' ἀκούσωμεν Παύλου λέγοντος: Τὸ καλὸν ποιοῦντες μὴ ἐκκακεῖτε: ἀκούσωμεν τοῦ Δεσπότου λέγοντος: Παντὶ τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε δίδου: καὶ, Γίνεσθε οἰκτίρμονες ὡς ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν. Καίτοι πολλὰ εἰπὼν, οὐδαμοῦ τοῦτο τέθεικεν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν μόνον. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἴσους Θεῷ ποιεῖ, ὡς τὸ εὐεργετεῖν. εʹ. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἀναιδέστερον, φησὶ, πένητος. Διατί; παρακαλῶ: ὅτι ἐπιτρέχων καταβοᾷ; Βούλει οὖν δείξω, ὅτι ἐκείνων ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ἀναισχυντότεροι, καὶ σφόδρα ἀναιδεῖς; Ἀναμνήσθητί μοι νῦν ἐν καιρῷ τῆς νηστείας, ποσάκις τραπέζης παρακειμένης ἐν ἑσπέρᾳ, τὸν ὑπηρετοῦντα οἰκέτην καλέσας, ἵνα σχολαιότερον βαδίσῃ, πάντα ἀνέτρεψας, λακτίζων, ὑβρίζων, λοιδορούμενος, ὑπὲρ ἀναβολῆς μόνον μικρᾶς: καίτοι σφόδρα εἰδὼς, ὅτι κἂν μὴ εὐθέως, ἀλλὰ μικρὸν ὕστερον ἀπολαύσῃ τῆς ἐδωδῆς. Εἶτα σαυτὸν μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηδενὸς ἐκθηριούμενον οὐ καλεῖς ἀναίσχυντον, τὸν δὲ πένητα τὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν μειζόνων δεδοικότα καὶ τρέμοντα (οὐδὲ γὰρ περὶ μελλήσεως, ἀλλὰ περὶ λιμοῦ πᾶς ὁ φόβος αὐτῷ), τοῦτον καὶ ἰταμὸν, καὶ ἀναιδῆ, καὶ ἀναίσχυντον, καὶ πάντα προσερεῖς τὰ αἴσχιστα; Καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἐσχάτης τοῦτο ἀναισχυντίας; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐννοοῦμεν ταῦτα: διὰ τοῦτο ἐκείνους ἐπαχθεῖς εἶναι νομίζομεν: ὡς εἴ γε τὰ ἡμέτερα ἐξητάζομεν καὶ παρεβάλλομεν τοῖς ἐκείνων, οὐκ ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐνομίσαμεν εἶναι φορτικούς. Μὴ δὴ γίνου πικρὸς δικαστής. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ πάντων ἁμαρτημάτων ἦς ἀπηλλαγμένος, οὐδὲ οὕτω σοι ἐπέτρεπεν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμος ἀκριβῆ γενέσθαι ἐξεταστὴν τῶν ἀλλοτρίων. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ Φαρισαῖος διὰ τοῦτο ἀπώλετο, ποίας τευξόμεθα ἀπολογίας ἡμεῖς; Εἰ τοῖς κατωρθωκόσιν οὐκ ἐπιτρέπει πικρῶς ἐξετάζειν τὰ ἑτέρων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῖς ἐπταικόσι. Μὴ τοίνυν ὠμοὶ, μηδὲ ἀπηνεῖς, μὴ ἄστοργοι, μὴ ἄσπονδοι, μὴ θηρίων χείρους ὦμεν. Καὶ γὰρ πολλοὺς εἰς τοῦτο οἶδα θηριωδίας ἐλθόντας, ὡς δι' ὄκνον μικρὸν λιμώττοντας περιορᾷν, καὶ ταῦτα λέγοντας τὰ ῥήματα: Οὐ πάρεστιν οἰκέτης ἐμοὶ νῦν, πόῤῥω τῆς οἰκίας ἐσμὲν, τραπεζίτης οὐδείς ἐστί μοι γνώριμος. Ὢ τῆς ὠμότητος! Τὸ μεῖζον ὑπέσχου, καὶ τὸ ἔλαττον οὐκ ἀνύεις; ἵνα σὺ μὴ βαδίσῃς μικρὸν, ἐκεῖνος λιμῷ διαφθείρεται; Ὢ τῆς ὕβρεως! ὢ τοῦ τύφου! Εἰ γὰρ δέκα στάδια βαδίσαι ἐχρῆν, ὀκνῆσαι ἔδει; Οὐδὲ ἐννοεῖς ὅτι μείζων ὁ μισθός σοι οὕτω γίνεται; Ὅταν μὲν γὰρ δῷς, ὑπὲρ τοῦ διδομένου λαμβάνεις μισθὸν μόνον: ὅταν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς βαδίσῃς, καὶ τούτου σοι κεῖται πάλιν ἀμοιβή. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸν πατριάρχην διὰ τοῦτο θαυμάζομεν, ὅτι αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τὰς βοῦς ἔδραμε, καὶ τὸ μοσχάριον ἥρπασε, καὶ ταῦτα τριακοσίους δέκα ὀκτὼ οἰκογενεῖς ἔχων. Νῦν δὲ τοσούτου τινές εἰσι τύφου πεπληρωμένοι, ὡς διὰ παίδων ταῦτα ποιεῖν, καὶ μὴ αἰσχύνεσθαι. Ἀλλὰ δι' ἐμαυτοῦ ταῦτα κελεύεις ἀνύειν; φησί: καὶ πῶς οὐ δόξω κενοδοξεῖν; Καὶ μὴν καὶ νῦν δι' ἑτέραν κενοδοξίαν τοῦτο ποιεῖς, αἰσχυνόμενος ὀφθῆναι πένητι διαλεγόμενος. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἀκριβολογοῦμαι: μόνον δίδου, εἴτε διὰ σαυτοῦ, εἴτε δι' ἑτέρου τοῦτο βούλει ποιεῖν: καὶ μὴ ἐγκάλει, μὴ πλῆττε, μὴ λοιδόρει. Φαρμάκων γὰρ, οὐ τραυμάτων, δεῖται ὁ προσιών: ἐλέου, οὐ ξίφους. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἴ τις λίθῳ βληθεὶς καὶ τραῦμα λαβὼν κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς, τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας ἀφεὶς, προσέδραμέ σου τοῖς γόνασι καταῤῥεόμενος τῷ αἵματι, ἆρα ἑτέρῳ λίθῳ πατάξας προσέθηκας ἂν αὐτῷ ἕτερον τραῦμα; Οὐκ ἔγωγε οἶμαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ ἐπεχείρησας ἂν διορθῶσαι. Τί οὖν ἐπὶ τῶν πενήτων ποιεῖς τὰ ἐναντία; Οὐκ οἶδας ὅσον δύναται καὶ ἀναστῆσαι καὶ καθελεῖν λόγος; Κρεῖττον γὰρ, φησὶ, λόγος ἢ δόσις. Οὐ λογίζῃ, ὅτι κατὰ σαυτοῦ τὸ ξίφος ὠθεῖς, καὶ χαλεπώτερον τραῦμα λαμβάνεις, ὅταν λοιδορηθεὶς ἐκεῖνος ἀναχωρήσῃ σιγῇ, στένων καὶ πολλὰ δακρύων; Καὶ γὰρ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ πέμπεται πρὸς σέ. Ἐννόησον οὖν, ὑβρίζων αὐτὸν, ποῦ διαβιβάζεις τὴν ὕβριν, ὅταν ἐκεῖνος μὲν πρὸς σὲ πέμπῃ, καὶ σοὶ δοῦναι κελεύῃ, σὺ δὲ μὴ μόνον μὴ δῷς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑβρίσῃς ἐλθόντα. Εἰ δὲ ἀγνοεῖς τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἀτοπίας, ἐπ' ἀνθρώπων αὐτὸ σκόπησον, καὶ τότε εἴσῃ καλῶς τὸ μέγεθος τῆς ἁμαρτίας. Εἰ γὰρ σὸς οἰκέτης παρὰ σοῦ κελευσθεὶς πρὸς ἕτερον ἀπελθεῖν οἰκέτην, ἀργύριον ἔχοντα σὸν λαβεῖν, οὐ μόνον κεναῖς ἐπανῆλθε χερσὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑβρισθεὶς, τί οὐκ ἂν εἰργάσω τὸν ὑβρικότα; πόσην οὐκ ἂν δίκην ἀπῄτησας, ἅτε λοιπὸν αὐτὸς ὢν ὁ ὑβρισμένος; Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ λογίζου: καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς πέμπει πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς πένητας, καὶ τὰ ἐκείνου δίδομεν, ἂν ἄρα δῶμεν. Ἂν δὲ πρὸς τῷ μὴ δοῦναι καὶ ὑβρισθέντας ἐκπέμψωμεν, ἐννόησον πόσων σκηπτῶν, πόσων κεραυνῶν ἄξιον πρᾶγμα ποιοῦμεν. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἅπαντα λογιζόμενοι, καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν χαλινώσωμεν, καὶ τὴν ἀπανθρωπίαν ἐκβάλωμεν, καὶ τὴν χεῖρα πρὸς ἐλεημοσύνην ἐκτείνωμεν, καὶ μὴ χρήμασι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ῥήμασι παραμυθώμεθα τοὺς δεομένους: ἵνα καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς λοιδορίας κόλασιν ἐκφύγωμεν, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς εὐλογίας καὶ ἐλεημοσύνης βασιλείαν κληρονομήσωμεν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.