Chapter 37 [XXXII.]—The Law of Sin with Its Guilt in Unbaptized Infants. By Adam’s Sin the Human Race Has Become a “Wild Olive Tree.”

Until, then, this remission of sins takes place in the offspring, they have within them the law of sin in such manner, that it is really imputed to them as sin; in other words, with that law there is attaching to them its sentence of guilt, which holds them debtors to eternal condemnation. For what a parent transmits to his carnal offspring is the condition of his own carnal birth, not that of his spiritual new birth. For, that he was born in the flesh, although no hindrance after the remission of his guilt to his fruit, still remains hidden, as it were, in the seed of the olive, even though, because of the remission of his sins, it in no respect injures the oil—that is, in plain language, his life which he lives, “righteous by faith,”130    Rom. i. 17. after Christ, whose very name comes from the oil, that is, from the anointing.131    An allusion, of course, to the meaning of the word “Christ,” from Chrisma, and meaning “the Anointed One.” That, however, which in the case of a regenerate parent, as in the seed of the pure olive, is covered without any guilt, which has been remitted, is still no doubt retained in the case of his offspring, which is yet unregenerate, as in the wild olive, with all its guilt, until here also it be remitted by the self-same grace. When Adam sinned, he was changed from that pure olive, which had no such corrupt seed whence should spring the bitter issue of the wild olive, into a wild olive tree; and, inasmuch as his sin was so great, that by it his nature became commensurately changed for the worse, he converted the entire race of man into a wild olive stock. The effect of this change we see illustrated, as has been said above, in the instance of these very trees. Whenever God’s grace converts a sapling into a good olive, so that the fault of the first birth (that original sin which had been derived and contracted from the concupiscence of the flesh) is remitted, covered, and not imputed, there is still inherent in it that nature from which is born a wild olive, unless it, too, by the same grace, is by the second birth changed into a good olive.

CAPUT XXXII.

37. Lex peccati cum reatu in parvulis non baptizatis. Peccato Adae humanum genus oleastrum factum est. Haec itaque remissio peccatorum quamdiu non fit in prole, sic ibi est lex ista peccati, ut etiam in peccatum imputetur, id est, ut etiam reatus ejus cum illa sit, qui teneat aeterni supplicii debitorem. Hoc enim trajicit parens in prolem carnalem, quod est ipse carnaliter natus, non quod spiritualiter est renatus. Quia idipsum quod carnaliter natus est, quamvis reatu soluto non impediat fructum ejus, tamen tanquam in semine olivae latet, etiamsi propter remissionem peccatorum nihil oleo nocet , ei scilicet vitae, qua secundum Christum, qui est appellatus ab oleo, id est, a chrismate, justus ex fide vivit (Id. I, 17). Hoc autem quod in parente regenerato, tanquam in oleae semine, sine ullo reatu, quia remissum est, tegitur; profecto in prole nondum regenerata, velut in oleastro, cum reatu habetur, donec etiam illic eadem gratia remittatur. Ex quo enim Adam ex olea tali, in qua nec semen erat hujusmodi, unde amaritudo nasceretur oleastri, in oleastrum peccando conversus est; quia tam magnum peccatum fuit, ubi magna fieret in deterius mutatio naturae; totum genus humanum fecit oleastrum: ita ut (quemadmodum nunc in ipsis videmus arboribus) si quid inde in oleam gratia divina convertit, ibi vitium primae nativitatis, quod erat originale peccatum de carnali concupiscentia traductum et attractum, remittatur, tegatur, non imputetur; insit tamen, unde oleaster nascatur , nisi et ipse in oleam eadem gratia renascatur.