John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew

“And when He had sent the multitudes away, He went up into the mountain apart to pray: and when the evening was come, He was there alone. But the ship was now in the midst of the sea, tossed with waves:1948 [R.V., “distressed by the waves.”]for the wind was contrary.”

For what purpose doth He go up into the mountain? To teach us, that loneliness and retirement is good, when we are to pray to God. With this view, you see, He is continually withdrawing into the wilderness, and there often spends the whole night in prayer, teaching us earnestly to seek such quietness in our prayers, as the time and place may confer. For the wilderness is the mother of quiet; it is a calm and a harbor, delivering us from all turmoils.

He Himself then went up thither with this object, but the disciples are tossed with the waves again, and undergo a storm, equal even to the former. But whereas before they had Him in the ship when this befell them, now they were alone by themselves. Thus gently and by degrees He excites and urges them on for the better, even to the bearing all nobly. Accordingly we see, that when they were first near that danger, He was present, though asleep, so as readily to give them relief; but now leading them to a greater degree of endurance, He doth not even this, but departs, and in mid sea permits the storm to arise, so that they might not so much as look for a hope of preservation from any quarter; and He lets them be tempest-tost all the night, thoroughly to awaken, as I suppose, their hardened heart.

For such is the nature of the fear, which the time concurs with the rough weather in producing. And together with the compunction, He cast them also into a greater longing for Himself, and a continual remembrance of Him.

Accordingly, neither did He present Himself to them at once. For, “in the fourth watch,” so it is said, “of the night, He went unto them, walking upon the sea;”1949 Matt. xiv. 25.instructing them not hastily to seek for deliverance; from their pressing dangers, but to bear all occurrences manfully. At all events, when they looked to be delivered, then was their fear again heightened. For,

“When the disciples,” it is said, “saw Him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, It is a spirit: and they cried out for fear.”1950 Matt. xiv. 26. [R.V., “It is an apparition,” but Chrysostom has the indirect form, “saying that it is an apparition.” The Greek term is φντασμα, not πνεμα.—R.]

Yea, and He constantly doth so; when He is on the point of removing our terrors, He brings upon us other worse things, and more alarming: which we see took place then also. For together with the storm, the sight too troubled them, no less than the storm. Therefore neither did He remove the darkness, nor straightway make Himself manifest, training them, as I said, by the continuance of these fears, and instructing them to be ready to endure. This He did in the case of Job also; for when He was on the point of removing the terror and the temptation, then He suffered the end to grow more grievous; I mean not for his children’s death, or the words of his wife, but because of the reproaches, both of his servants and of his friends. And when He was about to rescue Jacob from his affliction in the strange land, He allowed his trouble to be awakened and aggravated: in that his father-in-law first overtook him and threatened death, and then his brother coming immediately after, suspended over him the extremest danger.

For since one cannot be tempted both for a long time and severely; when the righteous are on the point of coming to an end of their conflicts, He, willing them to gain the more, enhances their struggles. Which He did in the case of Abraham too, appointing for his last conflict that about his child. For thus even things intolerable will be tolerable, when they are so brought upon us, as to have their removal near, at the very doors.

So did Christ at that time also, and did not discover Himself before they cried out. For the more intense their alarm, the more did they welcome His coming. Afterward when they had exclaimed, it is said,

“Straightway Jesus spake unto them, saying, Be of good cheer, it is I; be not afraid.”1951 Matt. xiv. 27.

This word removed their fear, and caused them to take confidence. For as they knew Him not by sight, because of His marvellous kind of motion, and because of the time, He makes Himself manifest by His voice.

2. What then saith Peter, everywhere ardent, and ever starting forward before the rest?

“Lord, if it be Thou,” saith he, “bid me come unto Thee on the water.”1952 Matt. xiv. 28.

He said not, “Pray and entreat,” but, “bid.” Seest thou how great his ardor, how great his faith? Yet surely he is hereby often in danger, by seeking things beyond his measure. For so here too he required an exceedingly great thing, for love only, not for display. For neither did he say, “Bid me walk on the water,” but what? “Bid me come unto Thee.” For none so loved Jesus.

This he did also after the resurrection; he endured not to come with the others, but leapt forward.1953 John xxi. 7. And not love only, but faith also doth he display. For he not only believed that He was able Himself to walk on the sea, but that He could lead upon it others also; and he longs to be quickly near Him.

“And he said, Come. And when Peter was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, and came1954 [So R.V. margin. The rec. text has ἐλθεν.—R.]to Jesus. But when he saw the wind boisterous,1955 [R.V. text, with a few of the oldest authorities, omits “boisterous,” ἰσΧυρν, which Chrysostom accepts.—R.]he was afraid; and beginning to sink, he cried, saying, Lord, save me. And immediately Jesus stretched forth His hand and caught him, and saith unto him, O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt?”1956 Matt. xiv. 29–31.

This is more wonderful than the former. Therefore this is done after that. For when He had shown that He rules the sea, then He carries on the sign to what is yet more marvellous. Then He rebuked the winds only; but now He both walks Himself, and permits another to do so; which thing if He had required to be done at the beginning, Peter would not have so well received it, because he had not yet acquired so great faith.

Wherefore then did Christ permit him? Why, if He had said, “thou canst not,” Peter being ardent would have contradicted Him again. Wherefore by the facts He convinces him, that for the future he may be sobered.

But not even so doth he endure. Therefore having come down, he becomes dizzy; for he was afraid. And this the surf caused, but his fear was wrought by the wind.

But John saith, that “they willingly received Him into the ship; and immediately the ship was at the land whither they went,”1957 John vi. 21. [R.V., “They were willing to receive him into the boat: and straightway the boat was at the land whither they were going.”]relating this same circumstance. So that when they were on the point of arriving at the land, He entered the ship.

Peter then having come down from the ship went unto Him, not rejoicing so much in walking on the water, as in coming unto Him. And when he had prevailed over the greater, he was on the point of suffering evil from the less, from the violence of the wind, I mean, not of the sea. For such a thing is human nature; not seldom effecting great things, it exposes itself in the less; as Elias felt toward Jezebel, as Moses toward the Egyptian, as David toward Bathsheba. Even so then this man also; while their fear was yet at the height, he took courage to walk upon the water, but against the assault of the wind he was no longer able to stand; and this, being near Christ. So absolutely nothing doth it avail to be near Christ, not being near Him by faith.

And this also showed the difference between the Master and the disciple, and allayed the feelings of the others. For if in the case of the two brethren they had indignation, much more here; for they had not yet the Spirit vouchsafed unto them.

But afterwards they were not like this. On every occasion, for example, they give up the first honors to Peter, and put him forward in their addresses to the people, although of a rougher vein than any of them.1958 Compare Acts iv. 13.

And wherefore did He not command the winds to cease, but Himself stretched forth His hand and took hold of him? Because in him faith was required. For when our part is wanting, then God’s part also is at a stand.

Signifying therefore that not the assault of the wind, but his want of faith had wrought his overthrow, He saith, “Wherefore didst thou doubt, O thou of little faith?” So that if his faith had not been weak, he would have stood easily against the wind also. And for this reason, you see, even when He had caught hold of Him, He suffers the wind to blow, showing that no hurt comes thereby, when faith is steadfast.

And as when a nestling has come out of the nest before the time, and is on the point of falling, its mother bears it on her wings, and brings it back to the nest; even so did Christ.

“And when they were come into the ship, then the wind ceased.”1959 Matt. xiv. 32.

Whereas before this they had said, “What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey Him!”1960 Matt. viii. 27.now it is not so. For “they that were in the ship,” it is said, “came and worshipped Him, saying, Of a truth Thou art Son of God.”1961 Matt. xiv. 33. Seest thou, how by degrees he was leading them all higher and higher? For both by His walking on the sea, and by His commanding another to do so, and preserving him in jeopardy; their faith was henceforth great. For then indeed He rebuked the sea, but now He rebukes it not, in another way signifying His power more abundantly. Wherefore also they said, “Of a truth Thou art Son of God.”

What then? Did He rebuke them on their so speaking? Nay, quite the contrary, He rather confirmed what they said, with greater authority healing such as approached Him, and not as before.

“And when they were gone over,” so it is said, “they came into the land of Gennesaret. And when the men of that place had knowledge of Him, they sent out into all that country round about, and brought unto Him all that were diseased; and besought Him that they might touch the hem of His garment; and as many as touched were made perfectly whole.”1962 Matt. xiv. 34–36. [In verse 34, R.V., following a different reading, as: “to the land, unto Gennesaret.” In verse 36, Chrysostom omits “only,” and reads ἐσθησαν for διεσθησαν .—R.]

For neither did they approach Him as before, dragging Him into their houses, and seeking a touch of His hand, and directions from Him in words; but in a far higher strain, and with more of self-denial, and with a more abundant faith did they try to win themselves a cure; for she that had the issue of blood taught them all to be severe in seeking wisdom.

And the evangelist, implying also that at long intervals He visited the several neighborhoods, saith, “The men of that place took knowledge of Him, and sent out into the country round about, and brought unto Him them that were diseased.” But yet the interval, so far from abolishing their faith, made it even greater, and preserved it in vigor.

3. Let us also then touch the hem of His garment, or rather, if we be willing, we have Him entire. For indeed His body is set before us now, not His garment only, but even His body; not for us to touch it only, but also to eat, and be filled. Let us now then draw near with faith, every one that hath an infirmity. For if they that touched the hem of His garment drew from Him so much virtue, how much more they that possess Him entire? Now to draw near with faith is not only to receive the offering, but also with a pure heart to touch it; to be so minded, as approaching Christ Himself. For what, if thou hear no voice? Yet thou seest Him laid out; or rather thou dost also hear His voice, while He is speaking by the evangelists.

Believe, therefore, that even now it is that supper, at which He Himself sat down. For this is in no respect different from that. For neither doth man make this and Himself the other; but both this and that is His own work. When therefore thou seest the priest delivering it unto thee, account not that it is the priest that doeth so, but that it is Christ’s hand that is stretched out.

Even as when he baptizes, not he doth baptize thee, but it is God that possesses thy head with invisible power, and neither angel nor archangel nor any other dare draw nigh and touch thee; even so now also. For when God begets, the gift is His only. Seest thou not those who adopt to themselves sons here, how they commit not the act to slaves, but are themselves present at the judgment-seat? Even so neither hath God committed His gift to angels, but Himself is present, commanding and saying, “Call no man Father on earth;”1963 Matt. xxiii. 9.not that thou shouldest dishonor them that gave thee birth, but that thou shouldest prefer to all those Him that made thee, and enrolled thee amongst His own children. For He that hath given the greater, that is, hath set Himself before thee, much more will He not think scorn to distribute unto thee of His body. Let us hear therefore, both priests and subjects, what we have had vouchsafed to us; let us hear and tremble. Of His own holy flesh He hath granted us our fill; He hath set before us Himself sacrificed.

What excuse shall we have then, when feeding on such food, we commit such sins? when eating a lamb, we become wolves? when feeding on a sheep, we spoil by violence like the lions?

For this mystery He directs to be always clear, not from violence only, but even from bare enmity. Yea, for this mystery is a mystery of peace; it allows us not to cling to wealth. For if He spared not Himself for us, what must we deserve, sparing our wealth, and being lavish of a soul, in behalf of which He spared not Himself?

Now upon the Jews God every year bound in their feasts a memorial of His peculiar favors to them: but for thee, every day, as I may say, through these mysteries.

Be not therefore ashamed of the cross: for these are our venerable things, these our mysteries; with this gift do we adorn ourselves, with this we are beautified.

And if I say, He stretched out the heaven, He spread out the earth and the sea, He sent prophets and angels, I say nothing in comparison. For the sum of His benefits is this, that “He spared not His own Son,”1964 Rom. viii. 32.in order to save His alienated servants.

4. Let no Judas then approach this table, no Simon; nay, for both these perished through covetousness. Let us flee then from this gulf; neither let us account it enough for our salvation, if after we have stripped widows and orphans, we offer for this table a gold and jewelled cup. Nay, if thou desire to honor the sacrifice, offer thy soul, for which also it was slain; cause that to become golden; but if that remain worse than lead or potter’s clay, while the vessel is of gold, what is the profit?

Let not this therefore be our aim, to offer golden vessels only, but to do so from honest earnings likewise. For these are of the sort that is more precious even than gold, these that are without injuriousness. For the church is not a gold foundry nor a workshop for silver, but an assembly of angels. Wherefore it is souls which we require, since in fact God accepts these for the souls’ sake.

That table at that time was not of silver nor that cup of gold, out of which Christ gave His disciples His own blood; but precious was everything there, and awful, for that they were full of the Spirit.1965 Comp. Eph. v. 18.

Wouldest thou do honor to Christ’s body? Neglect Him not when naked; do not while here thou honorest Him with silken garments, neglect Him perishing without of cold and nakedness. For He that said, “This is my body,” and by His word confirmed the fact, “This same said, “Ye saw me an hungered, and fed me not;” and, “Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me.”1966 Matt. xxv. 42, 45. For This indeed needs not coverings, but a pure soul; but that requires much attention.

Let us learn therefore to be strict in life, and to honor Christ as He Himself desires. For to Him who is honored that honor is most pleasing, which it is His own will to have, not that which we account best. Since Peter too thought to honor Him by forbidding Him to wash his feet, but his doing so was not an honor, but the contrary.

Even so do thou honor Him with this honor, which He ordained, spending thy wealth on poor people. Since God hath no need at all of golden vessels, but of golden souls.

And these things I say, not forbidding such offerings to be provided; but requiring you, together with them, and before them, to give alms. For He accepts indeed the former, but much more the latter. For in the one the offerer alone is profited, but in the other the receiver also. Here the act seems to be a ground even of ostentation; but there all is mercifulness, and love to man.

For what is the profit, when His table indeed is full of golden cups, but He perishes with hunger? First fill Him, being an hungered, and then abundantly deck out His table also. Dost thou make Him a cup of gold, while thou givest Him not a cup of cold water? And what is the profit? Dost thou furnish His table with cloths bespangled with gold, while to Himself thou affordest not even the necessary covering? And what good comes of it? For tell me, should you see one at a loss for necessary food, and omit appeasing his hunger, while you first overlaid his table with silver; would he indeed thank thee, and not rather be indignant? What, again, if seeing one wrapped in rags, and stiff with cold, thou shouldest neglect giving him a garment, and build golden columns, saying, “thou wert doing it to his honor,” would he not say that thou wert mocking, and account it an insult, and that the most extreme?

Let this then be thy thought with regard to Christ also, when He is going about a wanderer, and a stranger, needing a roof to cover Him; and thou, neglecting to receive Him, deckest out a pavement, and walls, and capitals of columns, and hangest up silver chains by means of lamps,1967 St. Jerome (ad Eustoch. Ep. 108 sec. 30) says, “Let others boast of their money, and coin cast into the treasury of God, Funalibusque aureis dona pendentia, ‘and of their gifts hanging upon golden sconces,’ or perhaps brackets for lamps, on which the Anathemata, or votive offerings, were suspended.” See Bingh. 8, 8, 1.but Himself bound in prison thou wilt not even look upon.

5. And these things I say, not forbidding munificence in these matters, but admonishing you to do those other works together with these, or rather even before these. Because for not having done these no one was ever blamed, but for those, hell is threatened, and unquenchable fire, and the punishment with evil spirits. Do not therefore while adorning His house overlook thy brother in distress, for he is more properly a temple than the other.

And whereas these thy stores will be subject to alienations both by unbelieving kings, and tyrants, and robbers; whatever thou mayest do for thy brother, being hungry, and a stranger, and naked, not even the devil will be able to despoil, but it will be laid up in an inviolable treasure.

Why then doth He Himself say, “The poor always ye have with you, but me ye have not always?”1968 Matt. xxvi. 11; John xii. 8. Why, for this reason most of all should we give alms, that we have Him not always an hungered, but in the present life only. But if thou art desirous to learn also the whole meaning of the saying, understand that this was said not with a view to His disciples, although it seem so, but to the woman’s weakness. That is, her disposition being still rather imperfect, and they doubting about her; to revive her He said these things. For in proof that for her comfort He said it, He added, “Why trouble ye the woman?”1969 Matt. xxvi. 10. And with regard to our having Him really always with us, He saith, “Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world.”1970 Matt. xxviii. 20. From all which it is evident, that for no other object was this said, but that the rebuke of the disciples might not wither the faith of the woman, just then budding.

Let us not then bring forward these things now, which were uttered because of some economy, but let us read all the laws, those in the New and those in the Old Testament, that are set down about almsgiving, and let us be very earnest about this matter. For this cleanses from sin. For “give alms, and all things will be clean unto you.”1971 Luke xi. 41. This is a greater thing than sacrifice. “For I will have mercy, and not sacrifice.”1972 Hosea vi. 6; Matt. ix. 18. This opens the heavens. For “thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God.”1973 Acts x. 4. This is more indispensable than virginity: for thus were those virgins cast out of the bridechamber; thus were the others brought in.

All which things let us consider, and sow liberally, that we may reap in more ample abundance, and attain unto the good things to come, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory forever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Νʹ. Καὶ ἀπολύσας τοὺς ὄχλους, ἀνέβη εἰς τὸ ὄρος κατ' ἰδίαν προσεύξασθαι. Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, μόνος ἦν ἐκεῖ. Τὸ δὲ πλοῖον ἤδη μέσον τῆς θαλάσσης ἦν, βασανιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων: ἦν γὰρ ἐναντίος ὁ ἄνεμος. αʹ. Τίνος ἕνεκεν εἰς τὸ ὄρος ἀναβαίνει; Παιδεύων ἡμᾶς, ὅτι καλὸν ἡ ἐρημία καὶ ἡ μόνωσις, ὅταν ἐντυγχάνειν δέῃ Θεῷ. Διά τοι τοῦτο συνεχῶς εἰς τὰς ἐρήμους ἄπεισι, κἀκεῖ διανυκτερεύει πολλάκις εὐχόμενος, παιδεύων ἡμᾶς καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ καιροῦ καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου θηρᾶσθαι ἐν ταῖς εὐχαῖς ἀταραξίαν. Ἡσυχίας γὰρ μήτηρ ἡ ἔρημος, καὶ γαλήνη, καὶ λιμὴν, ἁπάντων ἀπαλλάττουσα θορύβων ἡμᾶς. Αὐτὸς μὲν οὖν διὰ τοῦτο ἀνέβαινεν ἐκεῖσε: οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ κλυδωνίζονται πάλιν, καὶ χειμῶνα ὑπομένουσιν οἷον καὶ πρότερον. Ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν ἔχοντες αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ τοῦτο ἔπασχον: νυνὶ δὲ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ὄντες μόνοι. Καὶ γὰρ ἠρέμα καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν ἐπὶ τὰ μείζονα αὐτοὺς ἐνάγει καὶ ἐμβιβάζει, καὶ εἰς τὸ φέρειν πάντα γενναίως. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο, ὅτε μὲν πρῶτον κινδυνεύειν ἔμελλον, παρῆν μὲν, ἐκάθευδε δὲ, ὥστε ἐξ ἑτοίμου δοῦναι τὴν παραμυθίαν αὐτοῖς: νυνὶ δὲ ἐπὶ μείζονα ἄγων αὐτοὺς ὑπομονὴν, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ποιεῖ, ἀλλ' ἄπεισι, καὶ ἐν μέσῃ θαλάσσῃ συγχωρεῖ τὸν χειμῶνα διεγερθῆναι, ὡς μηδὲ προσδοκῆσαί ποθεν ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας, καὶ ὅλην τὴν νύκτα ἀφίησιν αὐτοὺς κλυδωνίζεσθαι, διεγείρων αὐτῶν, ὡς οἶμαι, πεπωρωμένην τὴν καρδίαν. Καὶ γὰρ τοιοῦτον ὁ φόβος, ὃν μετὰ τοῦ χειμῶνος καὶ ὁ καιρὸς ποιεῖ. Μετὰ δὲ τῆς κατανύξεως καὶ εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν μείζονα αὐτοὺς ἐνέβαλε τὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰς μνήμην διηνεκῆ. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο οὐκ εὐθέως αὐτοῖς ἐπέστη: Τετάρτῃ γὰρ φυλακῇ, φησὶ, τῆς νυκτὸς ἦλθε πρὸς αὐτοὺς περιπατῶν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης: παιδεύων αὐτοὺς μὴ ταχέως λύσιν ἐπιζητεῖν τῶν συνεχόντων δεινῶν, ἀλλὰ φέρειν τὰ συμπίπτοντα γενναίως. Ὅτε γοῦν προσεδόκησαν ἀπαλλαγήσεσθαι, τότε ἐπετάθη πάλιν ὁ φόβος. Ἰδόντες γὰρ αὐτὸν, φησὶν, οἱ μαθηταὶ περιπατοῦντα ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης, ἐταράχθησαν, λέγοντες φάντασμα εἶναι, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ φόβου ἔκραξαν. Καὶ γὰρ ἀεὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖ: ὅταν μέλλῃ λύειν τὰ δεινὰ, ἕτερα χαλεπώτερα ἐπάγει καὶ φοβερώτερα: ὃ δὴ καὶ τότε συνέβη. Μετὰ γὰρ τοῦ χειμῶνος καὶ ἡ ὄψις αὐτοὺς ἐθορύβησε τοῦ χειμῶνος οὐχ ἧττον. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ τὸ σκότος ἔλυσεν, οὐδὲ φανερὸν ἑαυτὸν εὐθέως ἐποίησεν, ἀλείφων αὐτοὺς, ὅπερ εἶπον, ἐν τῇ συνεχείᾳ τῶν φόβων τούτων, καὶ παιδεύων εἶναι καρτερικούς. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰὼβ ἐποίησεν: ὅτε γὰρ ἔμελλε λύειν [τὸν φόβον καὶ] τὸν πειρασμὸν, τότε τὸ τέλος χαλεπώτερον εἴασε γενέσθαι: οὐ διὰ τὸν τῶν παίδων θάνατον λέγω, καὶ τὰ ῥήματα τῆς γυναικὸς, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰ ὀνείδη τὰ τῶν οἰκετῶν, τὰ τῶν φίλων. Καὶ ὅτε τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἐξαρπάζειν ἔμελλε τῆς ἐν τῇ ξένῃ ταλαιπωρίας, ἀφῆκε διεγερθῆναι καὶ μείζονα γενέσθαι τὸν θόρυβον. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ κηδεστὴς καταλαβὼν θάνατον ἠπείλει, καὶ μετ' ἐκεῖνον ὁ ἀδελφὸς διαδέχεσθαι μέλλων, τὸν περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἐπεκρέμασε κίνδυνον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἔνι καὶ ἐν μακρῷ χρόνῳ καὶ σφοδρῶς πειράζεσθαι, ὅταν μέλλωσιν ἐκβαίνειν τοὺς ἀγῶνας οἱ δίκαιοι, βουλόμενος αὐτοὺς πλέον κερδαίνειν, ἐπιτείνει τὰ γυμνάσια. Ὃ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἐποίησε, τὸν ἔσχατον ἆθλον τὸν τοῦ παιδὸς θείς. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ φορητὰ ἔσται τὰ ἀφόρητα, ὅταν ἐπὶ θύραις ἐπάγηται ἐγγὺς ἔχοντα τὴν ἀπαλλαγήν. Τοῦτο δὴ καὶ τότε ἐποίησε, καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἀπεκάλυψεν ἑαυτὸν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἕως ὅτε ἔκραξαν. Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἐπετείνετο τὰ τῆς ἀγωνίας, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον ἠσμένιζον αὐτοῦ τὴν παρουσίαν. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ ἐβόησαν, φησὶν, Εὐθέως ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων: Θαρσεῖτε, ἐγώ εἰμι: μὴ φοβεῖσθε. Τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα τὸν φόβον ἔλυσε, καὶ θαῤῥῆσαι παρεσκεύασεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως αὐτὸν οὐκ ἐγίνωσκον, καὶ διὰ τὸ παράδοξον τῆς βαδίσεως καὶ διὰ τὸν καιρὸν, ἀπὸ τῆς φωνῆς δῆλον ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖ. Τί οὖν ὁ Πέτρος, ὁ πανταχοῦ θερμὸς καὶ ἀεὶ τῶν ἄλλων προπηδῶν; Κύριε, εἰ σὺ εἶ, φησὶ, κέλευσόν με πρὸς σὲ ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Εὖξαι καὶ παρακάλεσον, ἀλλὰ, Κέλευσον. Εἶδες πόση ἡ θερμότης; πόση ἡ πίστις; Καίτοιγε ἐκ τούτου πολλαχοῦ κινδυνεύει, ἐκ τοῦ πέρα τοῦ μέτρου ζητεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα πολὺ μέγα ἐζήτησε, δι' ἀγάπην μόνον, οὐ δι' ἐπίδειξιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπε, Κέλευσόν με βαδίσαι ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα: ἀλλὰ τί; Κέλευσόν με ἐλθεῖν πρὸς σέ. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ οὕτως ἐφίλει τὸν Ἰησοῦν. Τοῦτο καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἐποίησεν: οὐκ ἠνέσχετο μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐλθεῖν, ἀλλὰ προεπήδησεν. Οὐ τὴν ἀγάπην δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐπιδείκνυται. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἐπίστευσεν, ὅτι αὐτὸς δύναται περιπατεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ἑτέρους ἐνάγειν καὶ ἐπιθυμεῖ ταχέως ἐγγὺς αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι. Ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, Ἐλθέ. Καὶ καταβὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου ὁ Πέτρος, περιεπάτησεν ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα, καὶ ἦλθε πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν. Βλέπων δὲ τὸν ἄνεμον ἰσχυρὸν, ἐφοβήθη, καὶ ἀρξάμενος καταποντίζεσθαι, ἔκραξε λέγων: Κύριε, σῶσόν με. Εὐθέως δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦ, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ: Ὀλιγόπιστε, εἰς τί ἐδίστασας; Τοῦτο τοῦ προτέρου παραδοξότερον. Διὰ τοῦτο μετ' ἐκεῖνο τοῦτο γίνεται. Ὅτε γὰρ ἔδειξεν, ὅτι κρατεῖ τῆς θαλάσσης, τότε καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ θαυμαστότερον ἐξάγει τὸ σημεῖον. Τότε μὲν γὰρ τοῖς ἀνέμοις ἐπετίμησε μόνον: νυνὶ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς βαδίζει, καὶ ἑτέρῳ παραχωρεῖ τοῦτο ποιεῖν: ὅπερ εἰ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν γενέσθαι ἐκέλευσε, οὐκ ἂν ὁμοίως κατεδέξατο ὁ Πέτρος, διὰ τὸ μηδέπω τοσαύτην κεκτῆσθαι πίστιν. βʹ. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐπέτρεψε; Καὶ γὰρ εἰ εἶπεν, Οὐ δύνασαι, πάλιν θερμὸς ὢν ἀντεῖπεν ἄν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτὸν πείθει, ἵνα εἰς τὸ μέλλον σωφρονισθῇ. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτως ἀνέχεται. Καταβὰς τοίνυν κλυδωνίζεται: ἐφοβήθη γάρ. Καὶ τοῦτο τὸ κλυδώνιον ἐποίησε: τὸν δὲ φόβον ὁ ἄνεμος εἰργάσατο. Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης φησὶν, ὅτι Ἤθελον λαβεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πλοῖον, καὶ εὐθέως τὸ πλοῖον ἐγένετο εἰς τὴν γῆν, εἰς ἣν ὑπῆγον: τὸ αὐτὸ δὴ τοῦτο δηλῶν. Ὥστε μελλόντων αὐτῶν πρὸς τῇ γῇ γίνεσθαι, ἐπέβη τοῦ πλοίου. Καταβὰς τοίνυν ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου, πρὸς αὐτὸν ᾔει, οὐχ οὕτω τῷ περιπατεῖν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὡς τῷ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔρχεσθαι χαίρων. Καὶ τοῦ μείζονος περιγενόμενος, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλάττονος ἔμελλε πάσχειν κακῶς, τῆς τοῦ ἀνέμου λέγω ῥύμης, οὐ τῆς θαλάττης. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φύσις: πολλάκις τὰ μεγάλα κατορθοῦσα, ἐν τοῖς ἐλάττοσιν ἐλέγχεται. Οἷον ὁ Ἠλίας ἐπὶ τῆς Ἰεζάβελ ἔπαθεν: οἷον ὁ Μωϋσῆς ἐπὶ τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου: οἷον ὁ Δαυῒδ ἐπὶ τῆς Βηρσαβεέ. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ οὗτος: ἔτι τοῦ φόβου ἐνακμάζοντος ἐπιβῆναι τῶν ὑδάτων ἐθάῤῥησε, πρὸς δὲ τὴν τοῦ ἀνέμου ἐμβολὴν οὐκέτι ἠδυνήθη στῆναι, καὶ ταῦτα ἐγγὺς ὢν τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Οὕτως οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ ἐγγὺς εἶναι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, μὴ πίστει ὄντα ἐγγύς. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ τὸ μέσον ἐδείκνυ τοῦ Διδασκάλου καὶ τοῦ μαθητοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους παρεμυθεῖτο. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν δύο ἀδελφῶν ἠγανάκτησαν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐνταῦθα: οὔπω γὰρ ἦσαν Πνεύματος ἠξιωμένοι. Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οὐ τοιοῦτοι. Πανταχοῦ γοῦν τῶν πρωτείων παραχωροῦσι τῷ Πέτρῳ, καὶ ἐν ταῖς δημηγορίαις αὐτὸν προβάλλονται, καίτοιγε ἀγροικότερον τῶν ἄλλων διακείμενον. Καὶ διατί οὐκ ἐπέταξε τοῖς ἀνέμοις παύσασθαι, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦ; Ὅτι τῆς ἐκείνου πίστεως ἔδει. Ὅταν γὰρ τὰ παρ' ἡμῶν ἐλλιμπάνῃ, καὶ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἵσταται. Δεικνὺς τοίνυν ὅτι οὐχ ἡ τοῦ ἀνέμου ἐμβολὴ, ἀλλ' ἡ ἐκείνου ὀλιγοπιστία τὴν περιτροπὴν εἰργάσατο, φησίν: Εἰς τί ἐδίστασας, ὀλιγόπιστε; Ὥστε εἰ μὴ ἡ πίστις ἠσθένησε, καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἄνεμον ἂν ἔστη ῥᾳδίως. Διά τοι τοῦτο καὶ ἐπιλαβόμενος αὐτοῦ, τὸν ἄνεμον ἐᾷ πνεῖν, δηλῶν ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐκεῖνος παραβλάπτει, ὅταν ἡ πίστις ᾖ πεπηγυῖα. Καὶ καθάπερ νεοττὸν πρὸ καιροῦ τῆς καλιᾶς ἐξελθόντα καὶ μέλλοντα καταπίπτειν, ἡ μήτηρ ταῖς πτέρυξι διαβαστάσασα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν καλιὰν ἄγει, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐποίησε. Καὶ ἐπιβάντων αὐτῶν τοῦ πλοίου, τότε ἐπαύσατο ὁ ἄνεμος. Πρὸ τούτου μὲν ἔλεγον: Ποταπός ἐστιν ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ ἡ θάλασσα ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ; νυνὶ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως. Οἱ γὰρ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, φησὶν, ἐλθόντες προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ, λέγοντες: Ἀληθῶς Θεοῦ Υἱὸς εἶ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς κατὰ μικρὸν ἐπὶ τὸ ὑψηλότερον ἅπαντας ἦγε; Καὶ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ βαδίσαι ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑτέρῳ κελεῦσαι τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, καὶ κινδυνεύοντα διασῶσαι, πολλὴ λοιπὸν ἡ πίστις ἦν. Τότε μὲν γὰρ ἐπετίμησε τῇ θαλάσσῃ, νυνὶ δὲ οὐκ ἐπιτιμᾷ, ἑτέρως τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ δεικνὺς μειζόνως. Διὸ καὶ ἔλεγον: Ἀληθῶς Θεοῦ Υἱὸς εἶ. Τί οὖν; ἐπετίμησε τοῦτο εἰρηκόσι; Τοὐναντίον μὲν οὖν ἅπαν, καὶ ἐβεβαίωσε τὸ λεχθὲν, μετὰ μείζονος ἐξουσίας θεραπεύων τοὺς προσιόντας, καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἔμπροσθεν. Καὶ διαπεράσαντες, φησὶν, ἦλθον εἰς τὴν γῆν Γεννησαρέτ. Καὶ ἐπιγνόντες αὐτὸν οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου, ἀπέστειλαν εἰς ὅλην τὴν περίχωρον ἐκείνην, καὶ προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ πάντας τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας, καὶ παρεκάλουν ἵνα ἅψωνται τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ: καὶ ὅσοι ἥψαντο ἐσώθησαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁμοίως ὡς πρότερον προσῄεσαν, εἰς τὰς οἰκίας αὐτὸν ἕλκοντες, καὶ χειρὸς ἁφὴν ἐπιζητοῦντες, καὶ προστάγματα διὰ ῥημάτων: ἀλλ' ὑψηλότερον πολλῷ καὶ φιλοσοφώτερον, καὶ μετὰ πλείονος τῆς πίστεως τὴν θεραπείαν ἐπεσπῶντο. Ἡ γὰρ αἱμοῤῥοοῦσα ἅπαντας ἐδίδαξε φιλοσοφεῖν. Δεικνὺς δὲ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι καὶ διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου τοῖς μέρεσιν ἐπέβη, φησὶν, ὅτι Ἐπιγνόντες οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου ἀπέστειλαν εἰς τὴν περίχωρον, καὶ προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ὁ χρόνος οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐξέλυσε τὴν πίστιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μείζονα εἰργάσατο, καὶ ἀκμάζουσαν διετήρησεν. Ἁψώμεθα τοίνυν καὶ ἡμεῖς τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ: μᾶλλον δὲ, ἐὰν θέλωμεν, ὅλον αὐτὸν ἔχομεν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ πρόκειται νῦν ἡμῖν: οὐ τὸ ἱμάτιον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ σῶμα: οὐχ ὥστε ἅψασθαι μόνον, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ φαγεῖν καὶ ἐμφορηθῆναι. Προσερχώμεθα τοίνυν μετὰ πίστεως, ἕκαστος ἀσθένειαν ἔχων. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ ἁψάμενοι τοσαύτην εἵλκυσαν δύναμιν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον οἱ ὅλον αὐτὸν κατέχοντες; Τὸ δὲ προσελθεῖν μετὰ πίστεως οὐ τὸ λαβεῖν ἐστι μόνον τὸ προκείμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ μετὰ καθαρᾶς καρδίας ἅψασθαι, τὸ οὕτω διακεῖσθαι, ὡς αὐτῷ προσιόντας τῷ Χριστῷ. Τί γὰρ, εἰ μὴ φωνῆς ἀκούεις; Ἀλλ' ὁρᾷς αὐτὸν κείμενον: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ φωνῆς ἀκούεις, φθεγγομένου αὐτοῦ διὰ τῶν εὐαγγελιστῶν. γʹ. Πιστεύσατε τοίνυν, ὅτι καὶ νῦν ἐκεῖνο τὸ δεῖπνόν ἐστιν, ἐν ᾧ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνέκειτο. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖνο τούτου διενήνοχεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῦτο μὲν ἄνθρωπος ἐργάζεται, ἐκεῖνο δὲ αὐτὸς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο κἀκεῖνο αὐτός. Ὅταν τοίνυν τὸν ἱερέα ἐπιδιδόντα σοι ἴδῃς, μὴ τὸν ἱερέα νόμιζε τὸν τοῦτο ποιοῦντα, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ χεῖρα εἶναι τὴν ἐκτεινομένην. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὅταν βαπτίζῃ, οὐκ αὐτός σε βαπτίζει, ἀλλ' ὁ Θεός ἐστιν ὁ κατέχων σου τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀοράτῳ δυνάμει, καὶ οὔτε ἄγγελος, οὔτε ἀρχάγγελος, οὔτε ἄλλος τις τολμᾷ προσελθεῖν καὶ ἅψασθαι: οὕτω καὶ νῦν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς γεννᾷ, αὐτοῦ μόνου ἐστὶν ἡ δωρεά. Οὐχ ὁρᾷς τοὺς υἱοποιουμένους ἐνταῦθα, πῶς οὐ δούλοις ἐπιτρέπουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀλλ' αὐτοὶ πάρεισι τῷ δικαστηρίῳ; Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Θεὸς οὐκ ἀγγέλοις ἐπέτρεψε τὴν δωρεὰν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς πάρεστι κελεύων καὶ λέγων: Μὴ καλέσητε πατέρα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς: οὐχ ἵνα ἀτιμάσῃς τοὺς γεγεννηκότας, ἀλλ' ἵνα πάντων ἐκείνων προθῇς τὸν ποιήσαντα σε καὶ ἐγγράψαντα εἰς τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ παῖδας, Ὁ γὰρ τὸ μεῖζον δοὺς, τουτέστιν, ἑαυτὸν παραθεὶς, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οὐκ ἀπαξιώσει καὶ διαδοῦναί σοι τὸ σῶμα. Ἀκούσωμεν τοίνυν, καὶ ἱερεῖς καὶ ἀρχόμενοι, τίνος κατηξιώθημεν: ἀκούσωμεν, καὶ φρίξωμεν: Τῶν ἁγίων σαρκῶν αὐτοῦ ἐμπλησθῆναι ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν, ἑαυτὸν παρέθηκε τεθυμένον. Τίς οὖν ἔσται ἀπολογία ἡμῖν, ὅταν τοιαῦτα σιτούμενοι, τοιαῦτα ἁμαρτάνωμεν; ὅταν ἀρνίον ἐσθίοντες, λύκοι γινώμεθα; ὅταν πρόβατον σιτούμενοι, κατὰ τοὺς λέοντας ἁρπάζωμεν; Τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ μυστήριον οὐ μόνον ἁρπαγῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ψιλῆς ἔχθρας καθαρεύειν κελεύει διαπαντός. Καὶ γὰρ εἰρήνης ἐστὶ μυστήριον τοῦτο τὸ μυστήριον: οὐκ ἀφίησιν ἀντιποιεῖσθαι χρημάτων. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο δι' ἡμᾶς, τίνος ἂν εἴημεν ἄξιοι, χρημάτων φειδόμενοι καὶ ψυχῆς ἀφειδοῦντες, ὑπὲρ ἧς ἐκεῖνος οὐκ ἐφείσατο ἑαυτοῦ; Τοῖς μὲν οὖν Ἰουδαίοις κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν ὑπόμνημα τῶν οἰκείων εὐεργεσιῶν ταῖς ἑορταῖς ἐνέδησεν ὁ Θεός: σοὶ δὲ καθ' ἑκάστην, ὡς εἰπεῖν, τὴν ἡμέραν διὰ τούτων τῶν μυστηρίων. Μὴ τοίνυν αἰσχύνου τὸν σταυρόν: ταῦτα γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐστι τὰ σεμνὰ, ταῦτα ἡμῶν τὰ μυστήρια: τούτῳ κοσμούμεθα τῷ δώρῳ, τούτῳ καλλωπιζόμεθα. Κἂν εἴπω, ὅτι τὸν οὐρανὸν ἔτεινε, τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν ἥπλωσε, προφήτας καὶ ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψεν, οὐδὲν ἐρῶ ἴσον. Τὸ γὰρ κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀγαθῶν τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτι τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἵνα τοὺς ἀλλοτριωθέντας οἰκέτας σώσῃ. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν Ἰούδας ταύτῃ προσίτω τῇ τραπέζῃ, μηδεὶς Σίμων: καὶ γὰρ ἀμφότεροι διὰ φιλαργυρίαν ἀπώλοντο οὗτοι. Φύγωμεν τοίνυν τοῦτο τὸ βάραθρον, μηδὲ νομίζωμεν ἀρκεῖν ἡμῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν, εἰ χήρας καὶ ὀρφανοὺς ἀποδύσαντες, ποτήριον χρυσοῦν καὶ λιθοκόλλητον προσενέγκοιμεν τῇ τραπέζῃ. Εἰ γὰρ βούλει τιμῆσαι τὴν θυσίαν, τὴν ψυχὴν προσένεγκε, δι' ἣν καὶ ἐτύθη: ταύτην χρυσῆν ποίησον: ἂν δὲ αὕτη μένῃ μολίβδου καὶ ὀστράκου χείρων, τὸ δὲ σκεῦος χρυσοῦν, τί τὸ κέρδος; Μὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο σκοπῶμεν, ὅπως χρυσᾶ σκεύη προσφέρωμεν μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅπως καὶ ἐκ δικαίων πόνων. Ταῦτα γάρ ἐστι τὰ καὶ χρυσῶν τιμιώτερα, τὰ χωρὶς πλεονεξίας. Οὐ γὰρ χρυσοχοεῖον, οὐδὲ ἀργυροκοπεῖόν ἐστιν ἡ Ἐκκλησία, ἀλλὰ πανήγυρις ἀγγέλων: διὸ ψυχῶν ἡμῖν δεῖ: καὶ γὰρ δὴ ταῦτα διὰ τὰς ψυχὰς προσίεται ὁ Θεός. Οὐκ ἦν ἡ τράπεζα ἐξ ἀργύρου τότε ἐκείνη, οὐδὲ τὸ ποτήριον χρυσοῦν, ἐξ οὗ ἔδωκε τοῖς μαθηταῖς ὁ Χριστὸς τὸ αἷμα τὸ ἑαυτοῦ: ἀλλὰ τίμια ἦν πάντα ἐκεῖνα καὶ φρικτὰ, ἐπειδὴ Πνεύματος ἔγεμε. Βούλει τιμῆσαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὸ σῶμα; Μὴ περιίδῃς αὐτὸν γυμνόν: μηδὲ ἐνταῦθα μὲν αὐτὸν σηρικοῖς ἱματίοις τιμήσῃς, ἔξω δὲ ὑπὸ κρυμοῦ καὶ γυμνότητος διαφθειρόμενον περιΐδῃς. Ὁ γὰρ εἰπὼν, Τοῦτό μού ἐστι τὸ σῶμα, καὶ τῷ λόγῳ τὸ πρᾶγμα βεβαιώσας, οὗτος εἶπε: Πεινῶντά με εἴδετε, καὶ οὐκ ἐθρέψατε: καὶ, Ἐφ' ὅσον οὐκ ἐποιήσατε ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων, οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε. Τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ οὐ δεῖται ἐπιβλημάτων, ἀλλὰ ψυχῆς καθαρᾶς: ἐκεῖνο δὲ πολλῆς δεῖται ἐπιμελείας. Μάθωμεν τοίνυν φιλοσοφεῖν, καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν τιμᾷν ὡς αὐτὸς βούλεται: τῷ γὰρ τιμωμένῳ τιμὴ ἡδίστη, ἢν αὐτὸς θέλει, οὐχ ἢν ἡμεῖς νομίζομεν. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Πέτρος τιμᾷν αὐτὸν ᾤετο τῷ κωλῦσαι νίψαι τοὺς πόδας, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἦν τιμὴ τὸ γινόμενον, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον. Οὕτω καὶ σὺ ταύτην αὐτὸν τίμα τὴν τιμὴν, ἣν αὐτὸς ἐνομοθέτησεν, εἰς πένητας ἀναλίσκων τὸν πλοῦτον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ σκευῶν χρείαν ἔχει χρυσῶν ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ ψυχῶν χρυσῶν. δʹ. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐ κωλύων ἀναθήματα κατασκευάζεσθαι τοιαῦτα: ἀξιῶν δὲ μετὰ τούτων, καὶ πρὸ τούτων, τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην ποιεῖν. Δέχεται μὲν γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα, πολλῷ δὲ μᾶλλον ἐκεῖνα. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ ὁ προσενεγκὼν ὠφελήθη μόνον, ἐκεῖ δὲ καὶ ὁ λαβών. Ἐνταῦθα δοκεῖ καὶ φιλοτιμίας ἀφορμὴ τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι: ἐκεῖ δὲ ἐλεημοσύνη καὶ φιλανθρωπία τὸ πᾶν ἐστι. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος, ὅταν ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῷ γέμῃ χρυσῶν ποτηρίων, αὐτὸς δὲ λιμῷ διαφθείρηται; Πρότερον αὐτὸν ἔμπλησον πεινῶντα, καὶ τότε ἐκ περιουσίας καὶ τὴν τράπεζαν αὐτοῦ κόσμησον. Ποτήριον χρυσοῦν ποιεῖς, καὶ ποτήριον ψυχροῦ οὐ δίδως; καὶ τί τὸ ὄφελος; Χρυσόπαστα ἐπιβλήματα κατασκευάζεις τῇ τραπέζῃ, αὐτῷ δὲ οὐδὲ τὴν ἀναγκαίαν παρέχεις σκέπην; καὶ τί τὸ κέρδος ἐκ τούτου; Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι: εἴ τινα ἰδὼν τῆς ἀναγκαίας ἀποροῦντα τροφῆς, ἀφεὶς αὐτῷ λῦσαι τὸν λιμὸν, τὴν τράπεζαν ἀργύρῳ περιέβαλες μόνον, ἆρα ἂν ἔγνω σοι χάριν, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἠγανάκτησε; Τί δέ; εἰ ῥάκια περιβεβλημένον ὁρῶν, καὶ ὑπὸ κρυμοῦ πηγνύμενον, ἀφεὶς αὐτῷ δοῦναι ἱμάτιον, κίονας κατεσκεύαζες χρυσοῦς, λέγων εἰς ἐκείνου τιμὴν ποιεῖν, οὐκ ἄν σε καὶ εἰρωνεύεσθαι ἔφη, καὶ ὕβριν ἐνόμισε, καὶ ταύτην τὴν ἐσχάτην; Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λογίζου, ὅταν ἀλήτης καὶ ξένος περιέρχηται, δεόμενος ὀροφῆς: σὺ δὲ αὐτὸν ἀφεὶς ὑποδέξασθαι, ἔδαφος καλλωπίζῃς καὶ τοίχους καὶ κιόνων κεφαλάς: καὶ ἀργυρᾶς ἁλύσεις διὰ λαμπάδων ἐξάπτῃς, αὐτὸν δὲ ἐν δεσμωτηρίῳ δεδεμένον μηδὲ ἰδεῖν ἐθέλῃς. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐχὶ κωλύων ἐν τούτοις φιλοτιμεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μετ' ἐκείνων, μᾶλλον δὲ ταῦτα πρὸ ἐκείνων παραινῶν ποιεῖν. Ὑπὲρ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ ταῦτα μὴ ποιῆσαι οὐδεὶς ἐνεκλήθη ποτέ: ὑπὲρ δὲ ἐκείνων καὶ γέεννα ἠπείληται, καὶ πῦρ ἄσβεστον, καὶ ἡ μετὰ δαιμόνων τιμωρία. Μὴ τοίνυν τὸν οἶκον κοσμῶν, τὸν ἀδελφὸν θλιβόμενον περιόρα: οὗτος γὰρ ἐκείνου ναὸς κυριώτερος. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν καὶ βασιλεῖς ἄπιστοι, καὶ τύραννοι, καὶ λῃσταὶ δυνήσονται λαβεῖν τὰ κειμήλια: ὅσα δὲ ἂν εἰς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ποιήσῃς πεινῶντα καὶ ξένον ὄντα καὶ γυμνὸν, οὐδὲ ὁ διάβολος συλῆσαι δυνήσεται, ἀλλ' ἐν ἀσύλῳ κείσεται θησαυρῷ. Τί οὖν αὐτός φησι, Τοὺς πτωχοὺς πάντοτε ἔχετε μεθ' ἑαυτῶν, ἐμὲ δὲ οὐ πάντοτε ἔχετε; Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐλεεῖν δεῖ, ὅτι οὐ πάντοτε αὐτὸν ἔχομεν πεινῶντα, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ μόνον. Εἰ δὲ βούλει καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν πᾶσαν τοῦ εἰρημένου μαθεῖν ἄκουσον, ὅτι τοῦτο οὐ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς εἴρηται, εἰ καὶ οὕτω δοκεῖ, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῆς γυναικός. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀτελέστερον ἔτι διέκειτο, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ αὐτὴν διηπόρουν, ἀνακτώμενος αὐτὴν ταῦτα ἔλεγεν. Ὅτι γὰρ ἐκείνην παραμυθούμενος ταῦτα ἔφη, ἐπήγαγε: Τί κόπους παρέχετε τῇ γυναικί; Ὅτι γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸν ἀεὶ μεθ' ἡμῶν ἔχομεν, φησίν: Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος. Ἐξ ὧν ἁπάντων δῆλον, ὅτι δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον ταῦτα ἐλέγετο, ἀλλ' ἵνα τὴν πίστιν τῆς γυναικὸς τὴν τότε βλαστήσασαν μὴ καταμαράνῃ τῶν μαθητῶν ἡ ἐπιτίμησις. Μὴ τοίνυν ταῦτα εἰς μέσον φέρωμεν νῦν, ἃ διά τινα οἰκονομίαν εἴρηται: ἀλλὰ τοὺς νόμους ἅπαντας, τοὺς ἐν τῇ Καινῇ, τοὺς ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ περὶ ἐλεημοσύνης αὐτῷ κειμένους ἀναγνόντες, πολλὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πράγματος τούτου ποιώμεθα τὴν σπουδήν. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἁμαρτίας καθαίρει: Δότε γὰρ ἐλεημοσύνην, καὶ πάντα ὑμῖν ἔσται καθαρά. Τοῦτο θυσίας μεῖζον: Ἔλεον γὰρ θέλω, καὶ οὐ θυσίαν. Τοῦτο τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἀνοίγνυσιν: Αἱ εὐχαὶ γάρ σου καὶ αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου ἀνέβησαν εἰς μνημόσυνον ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τοῦτο παρθενίας ἀναγκαιότερον: οὕτω γὰρ ἐξεβλήθησαν τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐκεῖναι, οὕτως αἱ ἄλλαι εἰσηνέχθησαν. Ἅπερ ἅπαντα συνειδότες σπείρωμεν φιλοτίμως, ἵνα μετὰ πλείονος θερίσωμεν δαψιλείας, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.