Homily LVI.

Matt. XVI. 28.

“Verily, verily, I say unto you, There are some of them that stand here, which shall not taste of death, until they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.”

Thus, inasmuch as He had discoursed much of dangers and death, and of His own passion, and of the slaughter of the disciples, and had laid on them those severe injunctions; and these were in the present life and at hand, but the good things in hope and expectation:—for example, “They save their life who lose it;” “He is coming in the glory of His Father;” “He renders His rewards:”—He willing to assure their very sight, and to show what kind of glory that is wherewith He is to come, so far as it was possible for them to learn it; even in their present life He shows and reveals this; that they should not grieve any more, either over their own death, or over that of their Lord, and especially Peter in His sorrow.

And see what He doth. Having discoursed of hell,2157   [γεννη.]and of the kingdom (for as well by saying, “He that findeth his life shall lose it, and whosoever will lose it for my sake, shall find it;”2158   Matt. xvi. 25.as by saying, “He shall reward every man according to his works,”2159   Matt. xvi. 27. [τν πρξιν ατο.] He had manifested both of these): having, I say, spoken of both, the kingdom indeed He shows in the vision, but hell not yet.

Why so? Because had they been another kind of people, of a grosser sort, this too would have been necessary; but since they are approved and considerate, He leads them on the gentler way. But not therefore only doth He make this disclosure, but because to Himself also it was far more suitable.

Not however that He passes over this subject either, but in some places He almost brings even before our eyes the very realities of hell; as when He introduces the picture of Lazarus, and mentions him that exacted the hundred pence, and him that was clad in the filthy garments, and others not a few.

2. “And after six days He taketh with Him Peter and James and John.”2160   Matt. xvii. 1.

Now another says, “after eight,”2161   Luke ix. 28.not contradicting this writer, but most fully agreeing with him. For the one expressed both the very day on which He spake, and that on which He led them up; but the other, the days between them only.

But mark thou, I pray thee, the severe goodness of Matthew, not concealing those who were preferred to himself. This John also often doth, recording the peculiar praises of Peter with great sincerity. For the choir of these holy men was everywhere pure from envy and vainglory.

Having taken therefore the leaders, “He bringeth them up into a high mountain apart, and was transfigured before them: and His face did shine as the sun, and His raiment was2162   [R.V. “his garments became,” etc.]white as the light. And there appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking with Him.”2163   Matt. xvii. 2, 3.

Wherefore doth He take with Him these only? Because these were superior to the rest. And Peter indeed showed his superiority by exceedingly loving Him; but John by being exceedingly loved of Him; and James again by his answer which he answered with his brother, saying, “We are able to drink the cup;”2164   Matt. xx. 20, 22.nor yet by his answer only, but also by his works; both by the rest of them, and by fulfilling, what he said. For so earnest was he, and grievous to the Jews, that Herod himself supposed that he had bestowed herein a very great favor on the Jews, I mean in slaying him.

But wherefore doth He not lead them up straightway? To spare the other disciples any feeling of human weakness: for which cause He omits also the names of them that are to go up. And this, because the rest would have desired exceedingly to have followed, being to see a pattern of that glory; and would have been pained, as overlooked. For though it was somewhat in a corporeal way that He made the disclosure, yet nevertheless the thing had much in it to be desired.

Wherefore then doth He at all foretell it? That they might be readier to seize the high meaning, by His foretelling it; and being filled with the more vehement desire in that round of days, might so be present with their mind quite awake and full of care.

3. But wherefore doth He also bring forward Moses and Elias? One might mention many reasons. And first of all this: because the multitudes said He was, some Elias, some Jeremias, some one of the old prophets, He brings the leaders of His choir, that they might see the difference even hereby between the servants and the Lord; and that Peter was rightly commended for confessing Him Son of God.

But besides that, one may mention another reason also: that because men were continually accusing Him of transgressing the law, and accounting Him to be a blasphemer, as appropriating to Himself a glory which belonged not to Him, even the Father’s, and were saying, “This Man is not of God, because He keepeth not the Sabbath day;”2165   John ix. 16.and again, “For a good work we stone Thee not, but for blasphemy, and because that Thou, being a man, makest Thyself God:”2166   John x. 33.that both the charges might be shown to spring from envy, and He be proved not liable to either; and that neither is His conduct a transgression of the law, nor His calling Himself equal to the Father an appropriation of glory not His own; He brings forward them who had shone out in each of these respects: Moses, because he gave the law, and the Jews might infer that he would not have overlooked its being trampled on, as they supposed, nor have shown respect to the transgressor of it, and the enemy of its founder: Elias too for his part was jealous for the glory of God, and were any man an adversary of God, and calling himself God, making himself equal to the Father, while he was not what he said, and had no right to do so; he was not the person to stand by, and hearken unto him.

And one may mention another reason also, with those which have been spoken of. Of what kind then is it? To inform them that He hath power both of death and life, is ruler both above and beneath. For this cause He brings forward both him that had died, and him that never yet suffered this.

But the fifth motive, (for it is a fifth, besides those that have been mentioned), even the evangelist himself hath revealed. Now what was this? To show the glory of the cross, and to console Peter and the others in their dread of the passion, and to raise up their minds. Since having come, they by no means held their peace, but “spake,” it is said, “of the glory2167   δξαν: in our copies of St. Luke ἔξοδον, but St. Chrysostom’s reading is that of a good many mss. [None of the recent critical editions of the New Testament refer to any Greek mss., uncial or cursive, with this reading. Chrysostom alludes to it again in Homily LVIII. 1.—R.]which He was to accomplish at Jerusalem;2168   Luke ix. 31.” that is, of the passion, and the cross; for so they call it always.

And not thus only did He cheer them, but also by the excellency itself of the men, being such as He was especially requiring from themselves. I mean, that having said, “If any man will come after me, let him take up his cross, and follow me;” them that had died ten thousand times for God’s decrees, and the people entrusted to them, these persons He sets before them. Because each of these, having lost his life, found it. For each of them both spake boldly unto tyrants, the one to the Egyptian, the other to Ahab; and in behalf of heartless and disobedient men; and by the very persons who were saved by them, they were brought into extreme danger; and each of them wishing to withdraw men from idolatry; and each being unlearned; for the one was of a “slow tongue,”2169   Exod. iv. 10.and dull of speech, and the other for his part also somewhat of the rudest in his bearing: and of voluntary poverty both were very strict observers; for neither had Moses made any gain, nor had Elias aught more than his sheepskin; and this under the old law, and when they had not received so great a gift of miracles. For what if Moses clave a sea? yet Peter walked on the water, and was able to remove mountains, and used to work cures of all manner of bodily diseases, and to drive away savage demons, and by the shadow of his body to work those wonderful and great prodigies; and changed the whole world. And if Elias too raised a dead man, yet these raised ten thousand; and this before the spirit was as yet vouchsafed to them. He brings them forward accordingly for this cause also. For He would have them emulate their winning ways toward the people, and their presence of mind and inflexibility; and that they should be meek like Moses, and jealous for God like Elias, and full of tender care, as they were. For the one endured a famine of three years for the Jewish people; and the other said, “If thou wilt forgive them their sin, forgive; else blot me too out of the book, which thou hast written.”2170   Exod. xxxii. 32. Now of all this He was reminding them by the vision.

For He brought those in glory too, not that these should stay where they were, but that they might even surpass their limitary lines. For example, when they said, “Should we command fire to come down from heaven,” and made mention of Elias as having done so, He saith, “Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of;”2171   Luke ix. 54, 55. [The latter clause is omitted in the R.V. text.—R.]training them to forbearance by the superiority in their gift.

And let none suppose us to condemn Elias as imperfect; we say not this; for indeed he was exceedingly perfect, but in his own times, when the mind of men was in some degree childish, and they needed this kind of schooling. Since Moses too was in this respect perfect; nevertheless these have more required of them than he. For “except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of Heaven.”2172   Matt. v. 20. For not into Egypt did they enter, but into the whole world, worse disposed than the Egyptians; neither were they to speak with Pharaoh, but to fight hand to hand with the devil, the very prince of wickedness. Yea, and their appointed struggle was, both to bind him, and to spoil all his goods; and this they did cleaving not the sea, but an abyss of ungodliness, through the rod of Jesse,—an abyss having waves far more grievous. See at any rate how many things there were to put the men in fear; death, poverty, dishonor, their innumerable sufferings; and at these things they trembled more than the Jews of old at that sea. But nevertheless against all these things He persuaded them boldly to venture, and to pass as along dry ground with all security.

To train them therefore for all this, He brought forward those who shone forth under the old law.

4. What then saith the ardent Peter? “It is good for us to be here.”2173   Matt. xvi. 4. For because he had heard that Christ was to go to Jerusalem and to suffer, being in fear still and trembling for Him, even after His reproof, he durst not indeed approach and say the same thing again, “Be it far from thee;2174   Matt. xvi. 22.but from that fear obscurely intimates the same again in other words. That is, when he saw a mountain, and so great retirement and solitude, his thought was, “He hath great security here, even from the place; and not only from the place, but also from His going away no more unto Jerusalem.” For he would have Him be there continually: wherefore also he speaks of “tabernacles.” For “if this may be,” saith he, “we shall not go up to Jerusalem; and if we go not up, He will not die, for there He said the scribes would set upon Him.”

But thus indeed he durst not speak; but desiring however to order things so, he said undoubtingly, “It is good for us to be here,” where Moses also is present, and Elias; Elias who brought down fire on the mountain, and Moses who entered into the thick darkness, and talked with God; and no one will even know where we are.

Seest thou the ardent lover of Christ? For look not now at this, that the manner of his exhortation was not well weighed, but see how ardent he was, how burning his affection to Christ. For in proof that not so much out of fear for himself he said these things, hear what he saith, when Christ was declaring beforehand His future death, and the assault upon Him: “I will lay down my life for Thy sake.2175   John xiii. 37. Though I should die with Thee, yet will I not deny Thee.2176   Matt. xxvi. 35.

And see how even in the very midst of the actual dangers he counselled amiss2177   παρεβολευετο. Comp. Philip. ii. 30.for himself. We know that when so great a multitude encompassed them, so far from flying, he even drew the sword, and cut off the ear of the high priest’s servant. To such a degree did he disregard his own interest, and fear for his Master. Then because he had spoken as affirming a fact, he checks himself, and thinking, what if he should be again reproved, he saith, “If Thou wilt, let us make2178   [R.V., “I will make” (ποισω) with the earliest mss. Mark and Luke: “Let us make.”—R.]here three tabernacles, one for Thee and one for Moses, and one for Elias.”

What sayest thou, O Peter? didst thou not a little while since distinguish Him from the servants? Art thou again numbering Him with the servants? Seest thou how exceedingly imperfect they were before the crucifixion? For although the Father had revealed it to him, yet he did not always retain the revelation, but was troubled by his alarm; not this only, which I have mentioned, but another also, arising from that sight. In fact, the other evangelists, to declare this, and to indicate that the confusion of his mind, with which he spake these things, arose from that alarm, said as follows; mark, “He wist not what to say, for they were sore afraid;”2179   Mark ix. 6.but Luke after his saying, “Let us make three tabernacles,” added, “not knowing what he said.”2180   Luke ix. 33. Then to show that he was holden with great fear, both he and the rest, he saith, “They were heavy with sleep, and when they were awake they saw His glory;”2181   Luke ix. 32. [R.V., margin, “having remained awake.”]meaning by deep sleep here, the deep stupor engendered in them by that vision. For as eyes are darkened by an excessive splendor, so at that time also did they feel. For it was not, I suppose, night, but day; and the exceeding greatness of the light weighed down the infirmity of their eyes.

5. What then? He Himself speaks nothing, nor Moses, nor Elias, but He that is greater than all, and more worthy of belief, the Father, uttereth a voice out of the cloud.

Wherefore out of the cloud? Thus doth God ever appear. “For a cloud and darkness are round about Him;”2182   Ps. xcvii. 2.and, “He sitteth on a light cloud;”2183   Is. xix. 1.and again, “Who maketh clouds His chariot;”2184   Ps. civ. 3.and, “A cloud received Him out of their sight;”2185   Acts i. 9.and, “As the Son of Man coming in the clouds.”2186   Dan. vii. 13.

In order then that they might believe that the voice proceeds from God, it comes from thence.

And the cloud was bright. For “while he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them; and, behold, a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye Him.”2187   Matt. xvii. 5.

For as, when He threatens, He shows a dark cloud;—as on Mount Sinai; for “Moses,” it is said, “entered into the cloud, and into the thick darkness; and as a vapor, so went up the smoke;”2188   Exod. xx. 21, xix. 18.and the prophet said, when speaking of His threatening, “Dark water in clouds of the air;”2189   Ps. xviii. 11.—so here, because it was His desire not to alarm, but to teach, it is a bright cloud.

And whereas Peter had said “Let us make three tabernacles,” He showed a tabernacle not made with hands. Wherefore in that case it was smoke, and vapor of a furnace; but in this, light unspeakable and a voice.

Then, to signify that not merely concerning some one of the three was it spoken, but concerning Christ only; when the voice was uttered, they were taken away. For by no means, had it been spoken merely concerning any one of them, would this man have remained alone, the two being severed from Him.

Why then did not the cloud likewise receive Christ alone, but all of them together? If it had received Christ alone, He would have been thought to have Himself uttered the voice. Wherefore also the evangelist, making sure this same point, saith, that the voice was from the cloud, that is, from God.

And what saith the voice? “This is my beloved Son.” Now if He is beloved, fear not thou, O Peter. For thou oughtest indeed to know His power already, and to be fully assured touching His resurrection; but since thou knowest not, at least from the voice of the Father take courage. For if God be mighty, as surely He is mighty, very evidently the Son is so likewise. Be not afraid then of those fearful things.

But if as yet thou receive it not, consider at least that other fact, that He is both a Son, and is beloved. For “This,” it is said, “is My beloved Son.” Now if He is beloved, fear not. For no one gives up one whom he loves. Be not thou therefore confounded; though thou lovest Him beyond measure, thou lovest Him not as much as He that begat Him.

“In whom I am well pleased.” For not because He begat Him only, doth He love Him, but because He is also equal to Him in all respects, and of one mind with Him. So that the charm of love is twofold, or rather even threefold, because He is the Son, because He is beloved, because in Him He is well pleased.

But what means, “In whom I am well pleased?” As though He had said, “In whom I am refreshed, in whom I take delight;” because He is in all respects perfectly equal with Himself, and there is but one will in Him and in the Father, and though He continue a Son, He is in all respects one with the Father.

“Hear ye Him.” So that although He choose to be crucified, you are not to oppose Him.

6. “And when they heard it, they fell on their face, and were sore afraid. And Jesus came and touched them, and said, Arise, and be not afraid. And when they lifted up their eyes, they saw no man, save Jesus only.”2190   Matt. xvii. 6–8.

How was it that, when they heard these words, they were dismayed? And yet before this also a like voice was uttered at Jordan, and a multitude was present, and no one felt anything of the kind; and afterwards again, when also they said, “It thundered,”2191   John xii. 28, 29.yet neither at that time did they experience anything like this. How then did they fall down in the mount? Because there was solitude, and height, and great quietness, and a transfiguration full of awe, and a pure light, and a cloud stretched out; all which things put them in great alarm. And the amazement came thick on every side, and they fell down both in fear at once and in adoration.

But that the fear abiding so long might not drive out their recollection, presently He puts an end to their alarm, and is seen Himself alone, and commands them to tell no man this, until He is risen from the dead.

For “as they came down from the mount, He charged them to tell the vision to no man, until He were risen from the dead.”2192   Matt. xvii. 9. [In the last clause “the Son of Man” is omitted, and ἀναστ is substituted for ἐγερθμεσολαβοντο .what they were about.

7. Nothing then is more blessed than the apostles, and especially the three, who even in the cloud were counted worthy to be under the same roof with the Lord.

But if we will, we also shall behold Christ, not as they then on the mount, but in far greater brightness. For not thus shall He come hereafter. For whereas then, to spare His disciples, He discovered so much only of His brightness as they were able to bear; hereafter He shall come in the very glory of the Father, not with Moses and Elias only, but with the infinite host of the angels, with the archangels, with the cherubim, with those infinite tribes, not having a cloud over His head, but even heaven itself being folded up.

For as it is with the judges; when they judge publicly, the attendants drawing back the curtains show them to all; even so then likewise all men shall see Him sitting, and all the human race shall stand by, and He will make answers to them by Himself; and to some He will say, “Come, ye blessed of my Father; for I was an hungered, and ye gave me meat;”2193   Matt. xxv. 34, 35.to others, “Well done, thou good and faithful servant, thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will set thee over many things.”2194   Matt. xxv. 23.

And again passing an opposite sentence, to some He will answer, “Depart into the everlasting fire, that is prepared for the devil and his angels,”2195   Matt. xxv. 41.and to others, “O thou wicked and slothful servants.”2196   Matt. xxv. 26. And some He will “cut asunder,” and “deliver to the tormentors;” but others He will command to “be bound hand and foot, and cast into outer darkness.”2197   Matt. xxii. 13. And after the axe the furnace will follow; and all out of the net, that is cast away, will fall therein.

“Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun;”2198   Matt. xiii. 43.or rather more than the sun. But so much is said, not because their light is to be so much and no more, but since we know no other star brighter than this, He chose by the known example to set forth the future brightness of the saints.

Since on the mount too, when He says, “He did shine as the sun,” for the same cause did He so speak. For that the comparison did not come up to His light, the apostles showed by falling down. For had the brightness not been unalloyed, but comparable to the sun; they would not have fallen, but would easily have borne it.

The righteous therefore will shine as the sun, and more than the sun in that time; but the sinners shall suffer all extremities. Then will there be no need of records, proofs, witnesses. For He who judges is Himself all, both witness, and proof, and judge. For He knows all things exactly; “For all things are naked and opened unto His eyes.”2199   Heb. iv. 13.

No man will there appear rich or poor, mighty or weak, wise or unwise, bond or free; but these masks will be dashed in pieces, and the inquiry will be into their works only. For if in our courts, when any one is tried for usurpation, or murder, whatever he may be, whether governor, or consul, or what you will, all these dignities fleet away, and he that is convicted suffers the utmost penalty; much more will it be so there.

8. Therefore that this may not be so, let us lay aside our filthy garments, let us put on the armor of light, and the glory of God will wrap us around. For what is even grievous in the injunctions? or what is there not easy? Hear, for instance, the prophet speaking, and then thou shalt know the easiness thereof. “Neither though thou bow as a collar thy neck, and strew beneath thee sackcloth and ashes, not even so shalt thou call a fast acceptable; but loose every bond of iniquity, unloose the twisted knots of oppressive bargains.”2200   Is. lviii. 6.

See a prophet’s wisdom, how stating first whatever was irksome, and removing it, he exhorts them to obtain salvation by the duties that are easy; signifying, that God needs not toils, but obedience.

Then implying that virtue is easy, but vice grievous and galling, he makes it out by the bare names; “For,” saith he, “vice is a bond,” and “a twisted knot,” but virtue is a disengagement and release from all these.

“Tear in sunder every unjust compact;” thus calling men’s bills about the interest due to them, and the sums they have lent.

“Set at liberty them that are bruised;” them that are afflicted. For such a being is the debtor; when he sees his creditor, his mind is broken, and he fears him more than a wild beast.

“Bring in the poor that are cast out to thy house; if thou seest one naked, clothe him, and them that belong to thy seed thou shalt not overlook.”2201   Is. lviii. 7.

Now in our late discourse which we made unto you when declaring the rewards, we showed the wealth arising from these acts; but now let us see if any of the injunctions be grievous, and transcending our nature. Nay, nothing of the kind shall we discover, but quite the contrary; that while these courses are very easy, those of vice are full of labor. For what is more vexatious than to be lending, and taking thought about usuries and bargains, and demanding sureties, and fearing and trembling about securities, about the principal, about the writings, about the interest, about the bondsmen?

For such is the nature of worldly things; yea, nothing is so unsound and suspicious as that which is accounted security, and contrived for that purpose; but to show mercy is easy, and delivers from all anxiety.

Let us not then traffic in other men’s calamities, nor make a trade of our benevolence. And I know indeed that many hear these words with displeasure; but what is the profit of silence? For though I should hold my peace, and give no trouble by my words, I could not by this silence deliver you from your punishment; rather it has altogether the opposite result; the penalty is enhanced, and not to you only, but to me also, doth such a silence procure punishment. What then signify our gracious words, when in our works they help us not, but rather do harm? What is the good of delighting men in word, while we vex them in deed, bringing pleasure to the ears, and punishment to the soul? Wherefore I must needs make you sorry here, that we may not suffer punishment there.

9. For indeed a dreadful disease, beloved, dreadful and needing much attendance, hath fallen on the church. Those, namely, who are enjoined not even by honest labors to lay up treasures, but to open their houses to the needy, make a profit of other men’s poverty, devising a specious robbery, a plausible covetousness.

For tell me not of the laws that are without; since even the publican fulfills the law that is without, but nevertheless is punished: which will be the case with us also, unless we refrain from oppressing the poor, and from using their need and necessity as an occasion for shameless trafficking.

For to this intent thou hast wealth, to relieve poverty, not to make a gain of poverty; but thou with show of relief makest the calamity greater, and sellest benevolence for money. Sell it, I forbid thee not, but for a heavenly kingdom. Receive not a small price for so good a deed, thy monthly one in the hundred,2202   Τκο κατοστιαο, centesima usura, 1 per cent, per month.but that immortal life. Why art thou beggarly, and poor, and mean, selling thy great things for a little, even for goods that perish, when it should be for an everlasting kingdom? Why dost thou leave God, and get human gains? Why dost thou pass by the wealthy one, and trouble him that hath not? and leaving the sure paymaster make thy bargain with the unthankful? The other longs to repay, but this even grudges in the act of repaying. This hardly repays a hundredth part, but the other “an hundredfold and eternal life.” This with insults and revilings, but the other with praises and auspicious words. This stirs up envy against thee, but the other even weaves for thee crowns. This hardly here, but the other both there and here.

Surely then is it not the utmost senselessness, not so much as to know how to gain? How many have lost their very principal for the interest’s sake? How many have fallen into perils for usurious gains. How many have involved both themselves and others in extreme poverty through their unspeakable covetousness!

For tell me not this, that he is pleased to receive, and is thankful for the loan. Why, this is a result of thy cruelty. Since Abraham too,2203   Gen. xii. 11, etc.contriving how his plan might take with the barbarians, did himself give up his wife to them; not however willingly, but through fear of Pharaoh. So also the poor man, because thou countest him not even worth so much money, is actually compelled to be thankful for cruelty.

And it seems to me as though, shouldest thou deliver him from dangers, thou wouldest exact of him a payment for this deliverance. “Away,” saith he; “let it not be.” What sayest thou? Delivering him from the greater evil, thou art unwilling to exact money, and for the lesser dost thou display so much inhumanity?

Seest thou not how great a punishment is appointed for the deed? hearest thou not that even in the old law this is forbidden?2204   Exod. xxii. 25; Lev. xxv. 35, 36; Deut. xxiii. 19. But what is the plea of the many? “When I have received the interest, I give to the poor;” one tells me. Speak reverently, O man; God desires not such sacrifices. Deal not subtilly with the law. Better not give to a poor man, than give from that source; for the money that hath been collected by honest labors, thou often makest to become unlawful because of that wicked increase; as if one should compel a fair womb to give birth to scorpions.

And why do I speak of God’s law? Do not even ye call it “filth”? But if ye, the gainers, give your voice so, consider what suffrage God will pass upon you.

And if thou wilt ask the Gentile lawgivers too, thou wilt be told that even by them this thing is deemed a proof of the most utter shamelessness. Those, for example, who are in offices of honor, and belong to the great council, which they call the senate, may not legally disgrace themselves with such gains; there being a law among them which prohibits the same.2205   See Bingham, Antiq. vi. ii. 6, who refers to a Law of Honorius, A.D. 397. Cod. Theod. lib. 2, tit. 33, de usuris, leg. 3; and Gibbon, c. 44; who quotes several of the Fathers to prove that all lending with interest was forbidden; but most or all of them seem to be speaking of exorbitant interest, or of lending to the poor.

How then is it not a horrible thing, if thou ascribe not even so much honor to the polity of Heaven, as the legislators to the council of the Romans; but Heaven is to obtain less than earth, and thou art not ashamed even of the very folly of the thing? For what could be more foolish than this, unless one without land, rain, or plough, were to insist upon sowing?2206   So St. Basil, as quoted below. “The husbandman having reaped the ear, seeks not again the seed under the root. But thou having the fruits, still givest not up that of which they grew. Thou plantest without land, thou reapest without seed.” Tares therefore, to be committed to the fire, do they reap, who have devised this evil husbandry.

Why, are there not many honest trades? in the fields, the flocks, the herds, the breeding of cattle, in handicrafts, in care of property? Why rave and be frantic, cultivating thorns for no good? What if the fruits of the earth are subject to mischance; hail, and blight, and excessive rain? yet not to such an extent as are money dealings. For in whatsoever cases of that sort occur, the damage of course concerns the produce, but the principal remains, I mean, the land. But herein many often have suffered shipwreck in their principal; and before the loss too they are in continual dejection. For never doth the money-lender enjoy his possessions, nor find pleasure in them; but when the interest is brought, he rejoices not that he hath received gain, but is grieved that the interest hath not yet come up to the principal. And before this evil offspring is brought forth complete, he compels it also to bring forth,2207   St. Basil, Hom. in Ps. 14 (15), c. 3. “Interest upon interest, a bad offspring of bad parents. These may be well called a generation of vipers, I mean what our usuries bring forth. Vipers, they say, are yeaned, eating through their mother’s womb: and these usurious gains devour the debtors’ houses, and so have their birth.”making the interest principal, and forcing it to bring forth its untimely and abortive brood of vipers. For of this nature are the gains of usury; more than those wild creatures do they devour and tear the souls of the wretched.2208   There is here and afterwards a play upon the word τκο, gain, as a derivative of τκτειν, to bring forth, which can hardly be expressed in English. This “is the bond of iniquity:” this “the twisted knot of oppressive bargains.”

Yea, “I give,” he seems to say, “not for thee to receive, but that thou mayest repay more.” And whereas God commands not even to receive what is given (for “give,” saith He, “to them from whom ye look not to receive”),2209   Luke vi. 35. [Cited very freely.]thou requirest even more than is given, and what thou gavest not, this as a debt, thou constrainest the receiver to pay.

And thou indeed supposest thy substance to be increased hereby, but instead of substance thou art kindling the unquenchable fire.

That this therefore may not be, let us cut out the evil womb of usurious gains, let us deaden these lawless travailings, let us dry up this place of pernicious teeming, and let us pursue the true and great gains only. “But what are these?” Hear Paul saying “Godliness with contentment is great gain.”2210   1 Tim. vi. 6.

Therefore in this wealth alone let us be rich, that we may both here enjoy security, and attain unto the good things to come, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might with the Father and the Holy Spirit, now and always, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΝϚʹ. Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν: εἰσί τινες τῶν ὧδε ἑστώτων. οἵτινες οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου, ἕως ἂν ἴδωσι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ. αʹ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλὰ περὶ κινδύνων διελέχθη καὶ θανάτου, καὶ τοῦ πάθους τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ τῆς τῶν μαθητῶν σφαγῆς, καὶ τὰ αὐστηρὰ ἐπέταξεν ἐκεῖνα: καὶ τὰ μὲν ἦν ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ καὶ ἐν χερσὶ, τὰ δὲ ἀγαθὰ ἐν ἐλπίσι καὶ προσδοκίαις: οἷον, τὸ σώζειν τὴν ψυχὴν τοὺς ἀπολλύντας αὐτὴν, τὸ ἔρχεσθαι αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, τὸ ἀποδιδόναι τὰ ἔπαθλα: βουλόμενος καὶ τὴν ὄψιν αὐτῶν πληροφορῆσαι, καὶ δεῖξαι τίς ποτέ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα ἐκείνη, μεθ' ἧς μέλλει παραγίνεσθαι, ὡς ἐγχωροῦν ἦν αὐτοῖς μαθεῖν: καὶ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον δείκνυσιν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἀποκαλύπτει ταύτην: ἵνα μήτε ἐπὶ τῷ οἰκείῳ θανάτῳ, μήτε ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ Δεσπότου λοιπὸν ἀλγῶσι, καὶ μάλιστα Πέτρος ὀδυνώμενος. Καὶ ὅρα τί ποιεῖ. Περὶ γεέννης καὶ βασιλείας διαλεχθείς: (τῷ τε γὰρ εἰπεῖν: Ὁ εὑρὼν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, ἀπολέσει αὐτήν: καὶ ὃς ἂν ἀπολέσῃ αὐτὴν ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, εὑρήσει αὐτήν: καὶ τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτοῦ, ἀμφότερα ταῦτα ἐδήλωσε:) περὶ ἀμφοτέρων τοίνυν εἰπὼν, τὴν μὲν βασιλείαν τῇ ὄψει δείκνυσι, τὴν δὲ γέενναν οὐκέτι. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι εἰ μὲν ἄλλοι τινὲς ἦσαν παχύτεροι, ἀναγκαῖον καὶ τοῦτο ἦν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ εὐδόκιμοι καὶ εὐγνώμονες, ἀπὸ τῶν χρηστοτέρων αὐτοὺς ἐνάγει. Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον δείκνυσι τοῦτο: ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ αὐτῷ τοῦτο μᾶλλον πρεπωδέστερον ἦν. Οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνο παρατρέχει τὸ μέρος: ἀλλ' ἔστιν ὅπου σχεδὸν καὶ ὑπ' ὄψιν αὐτὰ φέρει τὰ πράγματα τῆς γεέννης: ὡς ὅταν τοῦ Λαζάρου τὴν εἰκόνα εἰσάγῃ, καὶ τοῦ τὰ ἑκατὸν δηνάρια ἀπαιτήσαντος μνημονεύῃ, καὶ τοῦ τὰ ῥυπαρὰ ἐνδεδυμένου ἱμάτια, καὶ ἑτέρων πλειόνων. Καὶ μεθ' ἡμέρας ἓξ παραλαμβάνει Πέτρον καὶ Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην. Ἕτερος δὲ μετὰ ὀκτώ φησιν, οὐκ ἐναντιούμενος τούτῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα συνᾴδων. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν ἡμέραν καθ' ἣν ἐφθέγξατο, κἀκείνην καθ' ἣν ἀνήγαγεν, εἶπεν: ὁ δὲ τὰς μεταξὺ τούτων μόνον. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει πῶς ὁ Ματθαῖος φιλοσοφεῖ, οὐκ ἀποκρυπτόμενος τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ προτιμηθέντας. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννης πολλαχοῦ ποιεῖ, τὰ ἐξαίρετα τοῦ Πέτρου ἐγκώμια μετὰ πολλῆς ἀναγράφων τῆς ἀληθείας. Βασκανίας γὰρ καὶ δόξης κενῆς πανταχοῦ καθαρὸς ἦν ὁ τῶν ἁγίων τούτων χορός. Λαβὼν τοίνυν τοὺς κορυφαίους, Ἀναφέρει εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλὸν κατ' ἰδίαν, καὶ μετεμορφώθη ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔλαμψε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, τὰ δὲ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ γέγονε λευκὰ ὡς τὸ φῶς. Καὶ ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς Μωϋσῆς καὶ Ἠλίας συλλαλοῦντες μετ' αὐτοῦ. Διατί τούτους παραλαμβάνει μόνους; Ὅτι οὗτοι τῶν ἄλλων ἦσαν ὑπερέχοντες. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Πέτρος ἐκ τοῦ σφόδρα φιλεῖν αὐτὸν ἐδήλου τὴν ὑπεροχήν: ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης ἐκ τοῦ σφόδρα φιλεῖσθαι: καὶ Ἰάκωβος δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀποκρίσεως ἧς ἀπεκρίνατο μετὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ λέγων: Δυνάμεθα πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον: οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀποκρίσεως δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων, τῶν τε ἄλλων, καὶ ἀφ' ὧν ἐπλήρωσεν ἅπερ εἶπεν. Οὕτω γὰρ ἦν σφοδρὸς καὶ βαρὺς Ἰουδαίοις, ὡς καὶ τὸν Ἡρώδην ταύτην δωρεὰν μεγίστην νομίσαι χαρίσασθαι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, εἰ ἐκεῖνον ἀνέλοι. Διατί δὲ μὴ εὐθέως αὐτοὺς ἀνάγει; Ὥστε μηδὲν παθεῖν ἀνθρώπινον τοὺς λοιποὺς μαθητάς. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν λέγει τῶν ἀνιέναι μελλόντων. Καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα ἂν ἐπεθύμησαν οἱ λοιποὶ ἀκολουθῆσαι, ὑπόδειγμα μέλλοντες τῆς δόξης ἐκείνης ὁρᾷν, καὶ ἤλγησαν ἂν ὡς παροφθέντες. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ σωματικώτερον τοῦτο ἐδείκνυ, ἀλλ' ὅμως πολλὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶχε. Τί δήποτε οὖν καὶ προλέγει; Ἵνα εὐμαθέστεροι περὶ τὴν θεωρίαν γένωνται, ἀφ' ὧν προεῖπε, καὶ σφοδροτέρας ἐν τῷ τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀριθμῷ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ἐμπλησθέντες, οὕτω νηφούσῃ καὶ μεμεριμνημένῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ παραγένωνται. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν καὶ Μωϋσῆν καὶ Ἠλίαν εἰς μέσον ἄγει; Πολλὰς ἂν ἔχοι τις εἰπεῖν αἰτίας: καὶ πρώτην μὲν ταύτην, ὅτι ἐπειδὴ οἱ ὄχλοι ἔλεγον, οἱ μὲν Ἠλίαν, οἱ δὲ Ἱερεμίαν, οἱ δὲ ἕνα τῶν ἀρχαίων προφητῶν, τοὺς κορυφαίους ἄγει, ἵνα τὸ μέσον καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἴδωσι τῶν δούλων καὶ τοῦ Δεσπότου, καὶ ὅτι καλῶς ἐπῃνέθη Πέτρος ὁμολογήσας αὐτὸν Υἱὸν Θεοῦ. Μετ' ἐκείνην δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ συνεχῶς ἐνεκάλουν αὐτῷ τὸ παραβαίνειν τὸν νόμον, καὶ βλάσφημον αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐνόμιζον, ὡς σφετεριζόμενον δόξαν οὐ προσήκουσαν αὐτῷ τὴν τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ ἔλεγον: Οὗτος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅτι τὸ σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ: καὶ πάλιν, Περὶ καλοῦ ἔργου οὐ λιθάζομέν σε, ἀλλὰ περὶ βλασφημίας, καὶ ὅτι ἄνθρωπος ὢν ποιεῖς σεαυτὸν Θεόν: ἵνα δειχθῇ ὅτι βασκανίας ἀμφότερα τὰ ἐγκλήματα, καὶ ἑκατέρων τούτων ἐστὶν ἀνεύθυνος, καὶ οὔτε νόμου παράβασις τὸ γινόμενον, οὔτε δόξης σφετερισμὸς τῆς μὴ προσηκούσης τὸ λέγειν ἑαυτὸν ἴσον τῷ Πατρὶ, τοὺς ἐν ἑκατέρῳ λάμψαντας τούτων εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Καὶ γὰρ Μωϋσῆς τὸν νόμον ἔδωκε, καὶ ἠδύναντο λογίσασθαι Ἰουδαῖοι, ὅτι οὐκ ἂν περιεῖδε πατούμενον αὐτὸν, ὡς ἐνόμιζον, οὐδ' ἂν τὸν παραβαίνοντα αὐτὸν καὶ τῷ τεθεικότι πολέμιον ὄντα ἐθεράπευσεν ἄν. Καὶ Ἠλίας δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐζήλωσε, καὶ οὐκ ἂν, εἰ ἀντίθεος ἦν, καὶ Θεὸν ἑαυτὸν ἔλεγεν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Πατρὶ, μὴ ὢν ὅπερ ἔλεγε, μηδὲ προσηκόντως τοῦτο ποιῶν, παρέστη καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ ὑπήκουσεν. βʹ. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν αἰτίαν εἰπεῖν μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Ἵνα μάθωσιν, ὅτι καὶ θανάτου καὶ ζωῆς ἐξουσίαν ἔχει, καὶ τῶν ἄνω καὶ τῶν κάτω κρατεῖ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν τετελευτηκότα, καὶ τὸν οὐδέπω τοῦτο παθόντα εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Τὴν δὲ πέμπτην αἰτίαν (πέμπτη γὰρ αὕτη ἐστὶ πρὸς ταῖς εἰρημέναις) καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἀπεκάλυψε. Τίς δὲ ἦν αὕτη; Δεῖξαι τοῦ σταυροῦ τὴν δόξαν, καὶ παραμυθήσασθαι τὸν Πέτρον καὶ ἐκείνους δεδοικότας τὸ πάθος, καὶ ἀναστῆσαι αὐτῶν τὰ φρονήματα. Καὶ γὰρ παραγενόμενοι οὐκ ἐσίγων, ἀλλ' Ἐλάλουν, φησὶ, τὴν δόξαν, ἣν ἔμελλε πληροῦν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ: τουτέστι, τὸ πάθος καὶ τὸν σταυρόν: οὕτω γὰρ αὐτὸ καλοῦσιν ἀεί. Οὐ ταύτῃ δὲ μόνον αὐτοὺς ἤλειφεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ἀρετῇ τῶν ἀνδρῶν, ἣν μάλιστα παρ' αὐτῶν ἐζήτει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, Εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν, ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι, τοὺς μυριάκις ἀποθανόντας ὑπὲρ τῶν τῷ Θεῷ δοκούντων καὶ δήμου τοῦ πιστευθέντος αὐτοῖς, τούτους εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Καὶ γὰρ τούτων ἕκαστος τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπολέσας, εὗρεν αὐτήν. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸς τυράννους ἕκαστος ἐπαῤῥησιάσατο: ὁ μὲν πρὸς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον, ὁ δὲ πρὸς τὸν Ἀχαάβ: καὶ ὑπὲρ ἀγνωμόνων ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀπειθῶν: καὶ ὑπ' αὐτῶν τῶν παρ' αὐτῶν σωζομένων εἰς τὸν περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἤχθησαν κίνδυνον: καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν εἰδωλολατρείας ἀπαλλάξαι βουλόμενος, καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἰδιώτης ὤν: ὁ μὲν γὰρ βραδύγλωσσος καὶ ἰσχνόφωνος, ὁ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀγροικότερον διακείμενος: καὶ ἀκτημοσύνης δὲ πολλὴ παρ' ἑκατέρων ἡ ἀκρίβεια: οὔτε γὰρ Μωϋσῆς τι ἐκέκτητο, οὔτε Ἠλίας τι εἶχε πλέον τῆς μηλωτῆς: καὶ ταῦτα ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ, καὶ οὐδὲ χάριν τοσαύτην λαβόντες σημείων. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ θάλατταν ἔσχισε Μωϋσῆς, ἀλλὰ Πέτρος ἐπὶ τῆς ὑγρᾶς ἐβάδισε, καὶ ὄρη μεταθεῖναι ἱκανὸς ἦν, καὶ νοσήματα σωμάτων διώρθου παντοδαπὰ, καὶ δαίμονας ἤλαυνεν ἀγρίους, καὶ σκιᾷ σώματος τὰ μεγάλα ἐκεῖνα ἐθαυματούργει τεράστια, καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην μετέστησεν ἅπασαν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ Ἠλίας νεκρὸν ἀνέστησεν, ἀλλ' οὗτοι μυρίους, καὶ ταῦτα μηδέπω Πνεύματος καταξιωθέντες. Ἄγει τοίνυν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο εἰς μέσον. Ἠβούλετο γὰρ αὐτοὺς τὸ δημαγωγικὸν τὸ ἐκείνων ζηλῶσαι, καὶ τὸ εὔτονον, καὶ τὸ ἀκαμπές: καὶ γενέσθαι ἐπιεικεῖς κατὰ Μωϋσέα, καὶ ζηλωτὰς κατὰ τὸν Ἠλίαν, καὶ κηδεμονικοὺς ὁμοίως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ λιμὸν τριῶν ἐτῶν ἤνεγκε διὰ τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἰουδαϊκόν: ὁ δὲ ἔλεγεν: Εἰ μὲν ἀφῇς αὐτοῖς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ἄφες: ἐπεὶ κἀμὲ ἐξάλειψον ἐκ τῆς βίβλου ἧς ἔγραψας. Τούτων δὲ ἁπάντων ἀνεμίμνησκε διὰ τῆς ὄψεως. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν δόξῃ αὐτοὺς ἤγαγεν, οὐχ ἵνα μέχρι τούτων στῶσιν, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ ὑπερβῶσι τὰ σκάμματα. Ὅτε γοῦν εἶπον, Εἴπωμεν πῦρ καταβῆναι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἐμνημόνευσαν Ἠλία ὡς τοῦτο πεποιηκότος, φησίν: Οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε: εἰς ἀνεξικακίαν αὐτοὺς ἀλείφων διὰ τῆς κατὰ τὸ χάρισμα διαφορᾶς. Καὶ μή τις ἡμᾶς νομιζέτω καταγινώσκειν Ἠλίου, ὡς ἀτελοῦς: οὐ τοῦτό φαμεν: καὶ γὰρ σφόδρα τέλειος ἦν: ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς καιροῖς τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ, ὅτε παιδικωτέρα ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων διάνοια ἦν, καὶ ταύτης ἐδέοντο τῆς παιδαγωγίας. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Μωϋσῆς κατὰ τοῦτο τέλειος ἦν: ἀλλ' ὅμως κἀκείνου πλέον ἀπαιτοῦνται οὗτοι. Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ περισσεύσῃ ἡ δικαιοσύνη ὑμῶν πλέον τῶν Γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Οὐ γὰρ εἰς Αἴγυπτον εἰσῄεσαν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν, χαλεπώτερον Αἰγυπτίων διακειμένην: οὐδὲ τῷ Φαραὼ διαλεξόμενοι, ἀλλὰ τῷ διαβόλῳ πυκτεύσοντες, αὐτῷ τῷ τῆς κακίας τυράννῳ. Καὶ γὰρ ἀγὼν ἦν αὐτοῖς, κἀκεῖνον δῆσαι, καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ διαρπάσαι πάντα: καὶ ταῦτα ἐποίουν οὐ θάλατταν ῥηγνύντες, ἀλλὰ βυθὸν ἀσεβείας διὰ τῆς ῥάβδου τῆς Ἰεσσαὶ, πολλῷ χαλεπώτερα κύματα ἔχοντα. Ὅρα γοῦν πόσα ἐφόβει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους: θάνατος, πενία, ἀδοξία, τὰ μυρία πάθη: καὶ μᾶλλον ταῦτα ἔτρεμον, ἢ τὸ πέλαγος τότε ἐκεῖνο οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἁπάντων τούτων ἔπεισεν αὐτοὺς κατατολμῆσαι, καὶ ὥσπερ διὰ ξηρᾶς διαβῆναι μετὰ ἀσφαλείας ἁπάσης. Πρὸς ταῦτα τοίνυν ἅπαντα αὐτοὺς ἀλείφων, παρῆγε τοὺς ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ λάμψαντας. Τί οὖν ὁ Πέτρος ὁ θερμός; Καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἤκουσεν, ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν καὶ παθεῖν, δεδοικὼς ἔτι καὶ τρέμων ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐπιτίμησιν, προσελθεῖν μὲν καὶ εἰπεῖν τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πάλιν οὐ τολμᾷ, ὅτι Ἵλεώς σοι, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ φόβου ἐκείνου τὰ αὐτὰ πάλιν αἰνίττεται δι' ἑτέρων ῥημάτων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶδεν ὄρος καὶ πολλὴν τὴν ἀναχώρησιν καὶ τὴν ἐρημίαν, ἐνενόησεν ὅτι ἔχει πολλὴν ἀσφάλειαν τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου: οὐ μόνον δὲ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ μηκέτι ἀπελθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα: βούλεται γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ εἶναι διηνεκῶς: διὸ καὶ σκηνῶν μέμνηται. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο γένοιτο, φησὶν, οὐκ ἀναβησόμεθα εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα: εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀναβαίημεν, οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται: ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἔφη τοὺς γραμματεῖς ἐπιθήσεσθαι αὐτῷ. Ἀλλ' οὕτω μὲν οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν εἰπεῖν: ταῦτα δὲ βουλόμενος κατασκευάσαι, ἔλεγεν ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ: Καλόν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα εἶναι, ἔνθα καὶ Μωϋσῆς πάρεστι καὶ Ἠλίας. Ἠλίας ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους πῦρ κατενεγκὼν, καὶ Μωϋσῆς ὁ εἰς τὸν γνόφον, εἰσελθὼν, καὶ τῷ Θεῷ διαλεχθείς: καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐδὲ εἴσεται ἔνθα ἐσμέν. γʹ. Εἶδες τὸν θερμὸν ἐραστὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ; Μὴ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο ζήτει, ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἐξητασμένος ὁ τρόπος τῆς παρακλήσεως, ἀλλὰ πῶς θερμὸς ἦν, πῶς περιεκαίετο τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ τοσοῦτον τρέμων ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, ἡνίκα αὐτοῦ τὸν ἐσόμενον προεμήνυε θάνατον καὶ τὴν ἔφοδον, ἄκουσον τί φησι: Τὴν ψυχήν μου ὑπὲρ σοῦ θήσω: Κἂν δέῃ με σὺν σοὶ ἀποθανεῖν, οὐ μή σε ἀπαρνήσομαι. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς καὶ ἐν μέσοις αὐτοῖς τοῖς κινδύνοις παρεβουλεύετο. Τοσούτου γοῦν περιεστῶτος δήμου, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἔφυγεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μάχαιραν σπασάμενος, τὸ ὠτίον ἀπέκοψε τοῦ δούλου τοῦ ἀρχιερέως. Οὕτως οὐ τὸ καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἐσκόπει, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ Διδασκάλου ἔτρεμεν. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ἀποφαντικῶς ἐφθέγξατο, ἐπιλαμβάνεται ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ἐννοήσας μὴ πάλιν ἐπιτιμηθῇ, φησίν: Εἰ θέλεις, ποιήσωμεν ὧδε τρεῖς σκηνὰς, σοὶ μίαν, καὶ Μωϋσῇ μίαν, καὶ Ἡλίᾳ μίαν. Τί λέγεις, ὦ Πέτρε; Οὐ πρὸ μικροῦ τῶν δούλων αὐτὸν ἀπήλλαξας; Πάλιν μετὰ τῶν δούλων αὐτὸν ἀριθμεῖς; Εἶδες πῶς σφόδρα ἀτελεῖς ἦσαν πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ; Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἀπεκάλυψεν αὐτῷ ὁ Πατὴρ, ἀλλ' οὐ διηνεκῶς κατεῖχε τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τῆς ἀγωνίας ἐταράχθη, οὐχὶ ταύτης ἧς εἶπον μόνης, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρας, τῆς ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως ἐκείνης. Οἱ γοῦν ἕτεροι εὐαγγελισταὶ τοῦτο δηλοῦντες, καὶ τὸ συγκεχυμένον αὐτοῦ τῆς γνώμης, μεθ' ἧς ταῦτα ἐφθέγγετο, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγωνίας ἐκείνης δεικνύντες γεγενῆσθαι, ἔλεγον: ὁ μὲν Μάρκος, ὅτι Οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει τί λαλήσει: ἔκφοβοι γὰρ ἐγένοντο: ὁ δὲ Λουκᾶς μετὰ τὸ εἰπεῖν, Τρεῖς σκηνὰς ποιήσωμεν, ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Μὴ εἰδὼς ὃ λέγει. Εἶτα δηλῶν ὅτι πολλῷ κατείχετο φόβῳ, καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ, φησί: Βεβαρημένοι ἦσαν ὕπνῳ: καὶ διαγρηγορήσαντες εἶδον τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ: ὕπνον ἐνταῦθα καλῶν τὸν πολὺν κάρον τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως ἐκείνης αὐτοῖς ἐγγινόμενον. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐξ ὑπερβαλλούσης λαμπηδόνος σκοτοῦνται, οὕτω καὶ τότε ἔπαθον. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ νὺξ ἦν, ἀλλ' ἡμέρα: καὶ τὸ τῆς αὐγῆς ὑπέρογκον ἐβάρει τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὴν ἀσθένειαν. Τί οὖν; Αὐτὸς μὲν οὐδὲν φθέγγεται, οὐδὲ Μωϋσῆς, οὐδὲ Ἠλίας: ὁ δὲ πάντων μείζων καὶ ἀξιοπιστότερος, ὁ Πατὴρ, φωνὴν ἀφίησιν ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης. Διὰ τί ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης; Οὕτως ἀεὶ φαίνεται ὁ Θεός. Νεφέλη γὰρ καὶ γνόφος κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ: καὶ, Κάθηται ἐπὶ νεφέλης κούφης: καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ τιθεὶς νέφη τὴν ἐπίβασιν αὐτοῦ: καὶ, Νεφέλη ὑπέλαβεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν: καὶ, Ὡς Υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενος ἐπὶ τῶν νεφελῶν. Ἵν' οὖν πιστεύσωσιν, ὅτι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡ φωνὴ φέρεται, ἐκεῖθεν ἔρχεται. Καὶ ἡ νεφέλη φωτεινή. Ἔτι γὰρ αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος, ἰδοὺ νεφέλη φωτεινὴ ἐπεσκίασεν αὐτούς. Καὶ ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης λέγουσα: Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητὸς, ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα: αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε. Ὅταν μὲν γὰρ ἀπειλῇ, σκοτεινὴν δείκνυσιν, ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ Σινᾶ: Εἰσῆλθε γὰρ, φησὶν, εἰς τὴν νεφέλην καὶ εἰς τὸν γνόφον ὁ Μωϋσῆς, καὶ ὡς ἀτμὶς, οὕτως ἐφέρετο ὁ καπνός: καὶ ὁ Προφήτης φησὶ περὶ τῆς ἀπειλῆς αὐτοῦ διαλεγόμενος: Σκοτεινὸν ὕδωρ ἐν νεφέλαις ἀέρων: ἐνταῦθα δὲ, ἐπειδὴ οὐ φοβῆσαι ἐβούλετο, ἀλλὰ διδάξαι, νεφέλη φωτεινή. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Πέτρος ἔλεγε, Ποιήσωμεν τρεῖς σκηνάς: αὐτὸς δὲ ἀχειροποίητον ἔδειξε σκηνήν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἐκεῖ μὲν καπνὸς καὶ ἀτμὶς καμίνου: ἐνταῦθα δὲ φῶς ἄφατον καὶ φωνή. Εἶτα ἵνα δειχθῇ, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἑνὸς ἁπλῶς τῶν τριῶν ἐλέχθη ἀλλὰ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ μόνον, ὅτε ἡ φωνὴ ἠνέχθη, ἐκποδὼν ἐγένοντο ἐκεῖνοι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν εἰ περί τινος αὐτῶν ἐλέγετο ἁπλῶς, οὗτος ἔμεινεν ἂν μόνος, ἀποσχισθέντων τῶν δύο. Τί οὖν οὐχὶ καὶ ἡ νεφέλη τὸν Χριστὸν μόνον ἀπέλαβεν, ἀλλὰ ἅπαντας; Εἰ τὸν Χριστὸν μόνον ἀπέλαβεν, ἐνομίσθη ἂν αὐτὸς ἀφεῖναι τὴν φωνήν. Διὸ καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς τοῦτο αὐτὸ ἀσφαλιζόμενος, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης ἦν ἡ φωνὴ, τουτέστιν, ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Καὶ τί φησιν ἡ φωνή; Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός. Εἰ δὲ ἀγαπητὸς, μὴ φοβοῦ, Πέτρε. Ἔδει μὲν γάρ σε καὶ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ ἤδη εἰδέναι, καὶ πεπληροφορῆσθαι περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀγνοεῖς, κἂν ἀπὸ τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς θάῤῥησον. Εἰ γὰρ δυνατὸς ὁ Θεὸς, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ δυνατὸς, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως. Μὴ τοίνυν δέδιθι τὰ δεινά. Εἰ δὲ οὐδέπω τοῦτο καταδέχῃ, κἂν ἐκεῖνο λογίζου, ὅτι καὶ Υἱὸς, καὶ φιλεῖται. Οὗτος γάρ ἐστι, φησὶν, ὁ Υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός. Εἰ δὲ φιλεῖται, μὴ φοβοῦ. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ, ὃν ἀγαπᾷ, προΐεται. Μὴ τοίνυν θορυβοῦ: κἂν μυριάκις αὐτὸν φιλῇς, οὐ φιλεῖς αὐτὸν τοῦ γεγεννηκότος ἴσον. Ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπειδὴ ἐγέννησε μόνον, φιλεῖ, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἴσος αὐτῷ κατὰ πάντα καὶ ὁμογνώμων ἐστίν. Ὥστε διπλοῦν τὸ φίλτρον, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τριπλοῦν: ἐπειδὴ Υἱὸς, ἐπειδὴ ἀγαπητὸς, ἐπειδὴ ἐν αὐτῷ εὐδόκησε. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα; Ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν, Ἐν ᾧ ἀναπαύομαι, ᾧ ἀρέσκομαι: διὰ τὸ κατὰ πάντα ἐξισῶσθαι πρὸς αὐτὸν μετὰ ἀκριβείας, καὶ βούλημα ἓν ἐν αὐτῷ εἶναι καὶ τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ μένοντα Υἱὸν κατὰ πάντα ἓν εἶναι πρὸς τὸν γεγεννηκότα. Αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε. Ὥστε κἂν σταυρωθῆναι βουληθῇ, μὴ ἀντιπέσῃς. Καὶ ἀκούσαντες ἔπεσον ἐπὶ πρόσωπον, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα. Καὶ προσελθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἥψατο αὐτῶν, καὶ εἶπεν: Ἐγέρθητε, καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε. Ἐπάραντες δὲ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν, οὐδένα εἶδον, εἰ μὴ τὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον. δʹ. Πῶς ταῦτα ἀκούσαντες κατεπλάγησαν; Καίτοι καὶ πρὸ τούτου ἠνέχθη φωνὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰορδάνου τοιαύτη, καὶ ὄχλος παρῆν, καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἔπαθε: καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν, ὅτε καὶ βροντὴν ἔλεγον γεγονέναι: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τότε τοιοῦτον οὐδὲν ὑπέμειναν. Πῶς οὖν ἐν τῷ ὄρει ἔπεσον; Ὅτι καὶ ἐρημία καὶ ὕψος καὶ ἡσυχία ἦν πολλὴ, καὶ μεταμόρφωσις φρίκης γέμουσα, καὶ φῶς ἄκρατον, καὶ νεφέλη ἐκτεταμένη: ἅπερ ἅπαντα εἰς πολλὴν ἀγωνίαν αὐτοὺς ἐνέβαλε. Καὶ πανταχόθεν ἡ ἔκπληξις συνήγετο, καὶ ἔπεσον φοβηθέντες τε ὁμοῦ καὶ προσκυνοῦντες. Ὥστε δὲ μὴ ἐπιπολὺ τὸ δέος μεῖναν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτῶν τὴν μνήμην, εὐθέως ἔλυσεν αὐτῶν τὴν ἀγωνίαν, καὶ ὁρᾶται αὐτὸς μόνος, καὶ ἐντέλλεται αὐτοῖς μηδενὶ τοῦτο εἰπεῖν, ἕως ἂν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ. Καταβαινόντων γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους, ἐνετείλατο αὐτοῖς μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν τὸ ὅραμα, ἕως ἂν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ. Ὅσῳ γὰρ μείζονα ἐλέγετο περὶ αὐτοῦ, τοσούτῳ δυσπαραδεκτότερα ἦν τοῖς πολλοῖς τότε: καὶ τὸ σκάνδαλον δὲ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ ἐπετείνετο μᾶλλον ἐντεῦθεν. Διὰ τοῦτο κελεύει σιγᾷν, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ πάλιν τοῦ πάθους ἀναμιμνήσκων, καὶ μόνον οὐχὶ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν λέγων, δι' ἣν καὶ σιγᾷν ἐκέλευσεν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ διαπαντὸς ἐκέλευσε μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἕως ἂν ἀναστῇ ἐκ νεκρῶν. Καὶ τὸ δυσχερὲς σιγήσας, τὸ χρηστὸν ἐμφαίνει μόνον. Τί οὖν; μετὰ ταῦτα οὐκ ἔμελλον σκανδαλίζεσθαι; Οὐδαμῶς. Τὸ γὰρ ζητούμενον ὁ πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ καιρὸς ἦν. Μετὰ γὰρ ταῦτα καὶ Πνεύματος κατηξιώθησαν, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων εἶχον φωνὴν συνηγοροῦσαν αὐτοῖς, καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἔλεγον λοιπὸν εὐπαράδεκτα ἦν, σάλπιγγος λαμπρότερον τῶν πραγμάτων ἀνακηρυττόντων αὐτοῦ τὴν ἰσχὺν, καὶ οὐδενὸς σκανδάλου τοιούτου μεσολαβοῦντος τὰ γινόμενα. Οὐδὲν ἄρα τῶν ἀποστόλων μακαριώτερον, καὶ μάλιστα τῶν τριῶν, οἳ καὶ ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ ὁμωρόφιοι γενέσθαι κατηξιώθησαν τῷ Δεσπότῃ. Ἀλλ' ἂν θέλωμεν, ὀψόμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς τὸν Χριστόν: οὐχ οὕτως ὡς ἐκεῖνοι τότε ἐν τῷ ὄρει, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ λαμπρότερον. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ὕστερον ἥξει. Τότε μὲν γὰρ τῶν μαθητῶν φειδόμενος, τοσοῦτον παρήνοιξε μόνον τῆς λαμπρότητος, ὅσον ἠδύναντο ἐνεγκεῖν: ὕστερον δὲ ἐν αὐτῇ τοῦ Πατρὸς τῇ δόξῃ ἥξει, οὐ μετὰ Μωϋσέως καὶ Ἠλία μόνον, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τῆς ἀπείρου τῶν ἀγγέλων στρατιᾶς, μετὰ τῶν ἀρχαγγέλων, μετὰ τῶν Χερουβὶμ, μετὰ τῶν δήμων τῶν ἀπείρων ἐκείνων: οὐ νεφέλης γινομένης ὑπεράνω τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοῦ συστελλομένου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Καθάπερ γὰρ τοὺς δικαστὰς, ὅταν δημοσίᾳ κρίνωσι, τὰ παραπετάσματα συνελκύσαντες οἱ παρεστῶτες πᾶσιν αὐτοὺς δεικνύουσιν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ τότε καθήμενον αὐτὸν ἅπαντες ὄψονται, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη παραστήσεται φύσις, καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτοῖς δι' ἑαυτοῦ ἀποκρίνεται: καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἐρεῖ: Δεῦτε, οἱ εὐλογημένοι τοῦ Πατρός μου: ἐπείνασα γὰρ, καὶ ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν: τοῖς δὲ ἐρεῖ: Εὖ, δοῦλε ἀγαθὲ καὶ πιστέ: ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστὸς, ἐπὶ πολλῶν σε καταστήσω. Καὶ ἐναντία δὲ ψηφιζόμενος, τοῖς μὲν ἀποκρίνεται, ὅτι Πορεύεσθε εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ: τοῖς δὲ, Πονηρὲ δοῦλε καὶ ὀκνηρέ. Καὶ τοὺς μὲν διχοτομήσει, καὶ παραδώσει τοῖς βασανισταῖς: τοὺς δὲ κελεύσει δεθέντας χεῖρας καὶ πόδας εἰς τὸ σκότος ἐκβληθῆναι τὸ ἐξώτερον. Καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀξίνην ἡ κάμινος διαδέξεται, καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς σαγήνης ῥιπτούμενα ἐκεῖ ἐμπεσεῖται. Τότε οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος: μᾶλλον δὲ πλέον ἢ ὁ ἥλιος. Τοσοῦτον δὲ εἴρηται, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τοσοῦτον αὐτῶν μόνον ἔσται τὸ φῶς: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τοῦ ἄστρου τούτου φαιδρότερον οὐκ ἴσμεν ἕτερον, ἀπὸ τοῦ γνωρίμου παραστῆσαι ἠβουλήθη τὴν μέλλουσαν λαμπηδόνα τῶν ἁγίων. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ ὄρει εἰπὼν, ὅτι Ἔλαμψεν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, διὰ τὴν αὐτὴν αἰτίαν οὕτως εἴρηκεν. Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦ ὑποδείγματος μεῖζον ἦν τὸ φῶς, ἔδειξαν οἱ μαθηταὶ πεσόντες. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἄκρατον ἦν τὸ φῶς, ἀλλὰ τῷ ἡλίῳ σύμμετρον, οὐκ ἂν ἔπεσον, ἀλλ' εὐκόλως ἤνεγκαν ἄν. Οἱ μὲν οὖν δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος, καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸν ἥλιον τότε: οἱ δὲ ἁμαρτωλοὶ τὰ ἔσχατα πείσονται. Τότε οὐχ ὑπομνημάτων δεήσει, οὐκ ἐλέγχων, οὐ μαρτύρων: πάντα γὰρ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ δικάζων, καὶ μάρτυς, καὶ ἔλεγχος, καὶ κριτής. Πάντα γὰρ οἶδε σαφῶς: Πάντα γὰρ γυμνὰ καὶ τετραχηλισμένα τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ. Οὐ πλούσιος, οὐ πένης, οὐ δυνάστης, οὐκ ἀσθενὴς, οὐ σοφὸς, οὐκ ἄσοφος, οὐ δοῦλος, οὐκ ἐλεύθερος οὐδεὶς ἐκεῖ φανεῖται, ἀλλὰ τῶν προσωπείων τούτων συντριβέντων ἡ τῶν ἔργων ἐξέτασις ἔσται μόνη. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις ὅταν τυραννίδος τις κρίνηται ἢ φόνου, ὅπερ ἂν ᾗ, κἂν ὕπαρχος, κἂν ὕπατος, κἂν ὁτιοῦν, πάντα ἀφίπταται τὰ ἀξιώματα, καὶ ὁ ἁλοὺς τὴν ἐσχάτην δίδωσι δίκην: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκεῖ τοῦτο ἔσται. εʹ. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ γένηται τοῦτο, ἀποθώμεθα τὰ ῥυπαρὰ ἱμάτια, ἐνδυσώμεθα τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτὸς, καὶ ἡ δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ περιστελεῖ ἡμᾶς. Τί γὰρ καὶ φορτικὸν τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων; τί δὲ οὐ ῥᾴδιον; Ἄκουσον γοῦν τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος, καὶ τότε εἴσῃ τὴν εὐκολίαν. Οὐδὲ ἐὰν κάμψῃς ὡς κλοιὸν τὸν τράχηλόν σου, καὶ σάκκον καὶ σποδὸν ὑποστρώσῃ, οὐδὲ οὕτω καλέσεις νηστείαν δεκτήν: ἀλλὰ λύε πάντα σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας, διάλυε στραγγαλιὰς βιαίων συναλλαγμάτων. Ὅρα σοφίαν προφήτου. Θεὶς γὰρ φορτικὰ πρότερον καὶ ἀνελὼν, ἀπὸ τῶν εὐκόλων ἀξιοῖ σώζεσθαι, δεικνὺς ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς οὐ πόνων δεῖται, ἀλλ' ὑπακοῆς. Εἶτα δεικνὺς ὅτι εὔκολον μὲν ἡ ἀρετὴ, βαρὺ δὲ καὶ φορτικὸν ἡ κακία, ἀπὸ τῶν ὀνομάτων γυμνῶν τοῦτο κατασκευάζει. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ κακία σύνδεσμος καὶ στραγγαλιὰ, φησίν: ἡ δὲ ἀρετὴ τούτων ἁπάντων ἀπαλλαγὴ καὶ διάλυσις. Πᾶσαν συγγραφὴν ἄδικον διάσπα: τὰ τῶν τόκων γραμματεῖα, τὰ τῶν δανεισμάτων οὕτω καλῶν. Ἀπόλυε τεθραυσμένους ἐν ἀφέσει: τοὺς τεταλαιπωρημένους. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ὁ χρεώστης: ὅταν ἴδῃ τὸν δανειστὴν, κλᾶται αὐτοῦ ἡ διάνοια, καὶ θηρίου μᾶλλον αὐτὸν δέδοικε. Πτωχοὺς ἀστέγους εἰσάγαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου: ἐὰν ἴδῃς γυμνὸν, περίβαλε, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων τοῦ σπέρματός σου οὐκ ὑπερόψει. Ἐν μὲν οὖν τῇ πρώην ἡμῖν γενομένῃ διαλέξει τὰ ἔπαθλα διηγούμενοι, τὸν πλοῦτον ἐδείκνυμεν τὸν ἐκ τούτων: νυνὶ δὲ ἴδωμεν εἴ τι τῶν ἐπιταγμάτων ἐστὶ δύσκολον, καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν ὑπερβαῖνον φύσιν. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον εὑρήσομεν, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἅπαν, ταῦτα μὲν πολλὴν ἔχοντα τὴν εὐκολίαν, τὰ δὲ τῆς κακίας πολὺν τὸν ἱδρῶτα. Τί γὰρ δυσκολώτερον τοῦ δανείζειν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τόκων καὶ συναλλαγμάτων φροντίζειν, καὶ ἐγγύας ἀπαιτεῖν, καὶ δεδοικέναι καὶ τρέμειν ὑπὲρ ἐνεχύρων, ὑπὲρ τοῦ κεφαλαίου, ὑπὲρ τῶν γραμματείων, ὑπὲρ τῶν τόκων, ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐγγυωμένων; Τοιαῦτα γὰρ τὰ βιωτικά. Αὕτη γὰρ ἡ δοκοῦσα καὶ ἐπινοουμένη ἀσφάλεια πάντων ἐστὶ σαθροτέρα καὶ ὕποπτος: τὸ δὲ ἐλεεῖν ῥᾴδιον, καὶ πάσης ἀπαλλάττον φροντίδος. Μὴ τοίνυν πραγματευώμεθα τὰς ἀλλοτρίας συμφορὰς, μηδὲ καπηλεύωμεν τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν. Καὶ οἶδα μὲν, ὅτι πολλοὶ τούτων ἀηδῶς ἀκούουσι τῶν λόγων: ἀλλὰ τί τὸ κέρδος τῆς σιγῆς; Κἂν γὰρ σιγάσω, καὶ μηδὲν ἐνοχλήσω διὰ ῥημάτων, ἀδύνατον διὰ τῆς σιγῆς ταύτης ἀπαλλάξαι τῆς κολάσεως ὑμᾶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὐναντίον ἅπαν ἐντεῦθεν γίνεται: ἐπιτείνεται τὰ τῆς τιμωρίας, καὶ οὐχ ὑμῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐμοὶ προξενεῖ τὴν κόλασιν ἡ τοιαύτη σιγή. Τίς οὖν ἡ τῶν ῥημάτων χάρις, ὅταν εἰς τὰ ἔργα μὴ βοηθῇ, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταβλάπτῃ; Τί τὸ κέρδος, εὐφρᾶναι λόγῳ, καὶ λυπῆσαι πράγματι; τέρψαι τὴν ἀκοὴν, καὶ κολάσαι τὴν ψυχήν, Διόπερ ἀναγκαῖον ἐνταῦθα λυπεῖν, ἵνα μὴ τιμωρίαν δῶμεν ἐκεῖ. Καὶ γὰρ δεινὸν, ἀγαπητὲ, δεινὸν καὶ πολλῆς δεόμενον θεραπείας νόσημα εἰς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν ἐμπέπτωκεν. Οἱ γὰρ μηδὲ ἐκ δικαίων πόνων θησαυρίζειν κελευόμενοι, ἀλλὰ τὰς οἰκίας ἀνοίγειν τοῖς δεομένοις, τὴν ἑτέρων καρποῦνται πενίαν, εὐπρόσωπον ἁρπαγὴν, εὐπροφάσιστον πλεονεξίαν ἐπινοοῦντες. Μὴ γάρ μοι λέγε τοὺς ἔξω νόμους: ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ τελώνης νόμον πληροῖ τὸν ἔξωθεν, ἀλλ' ὅμως κολάζεται. Ὃ καὶ ἡμεῖς πεισόμεθα, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποστῶμεν τοὺς πένητας ἐπιτρίβοντες, καὶ τῇ χρείᾳ καὶ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ ἀφορμῇ εἰς καπηλείαν ἀναίσχυντον ἀποχρώμενοι. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο χρήματα ἔχεις, ἵνα λύσῃς πενίαν, οὐχ ἵνα πραγματεύσῃ πενίαν: σὺ δὲ ἐν προσχήματι παραμυθίας μείζονα ἐργάζῃ τὴν συμφορὰν, καὶ πωλεῖς φιλανθρωπίαν χρημάτων. Πώλησον, οὐ κωλύω, ἀλλὰ βασιλείας οὐρανῶν. Μὴ μικρὰν λάβῃς τιμὴν τοῦ τοσούτου κατορθώματος τόκον ἑκατοστιαῖον, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀθάνατον ζωὴν ἐκείνην. Τί πτωχὸς εἶ, καὶ πένης καὶ μικρολόγος, ὀλίγου τὰ μεγάλα πωλῶν, χρημάτων ἀπολλυμένων, δέον βασιλείας ἀεὶ μενούσης; Τί τὸν Θεὸν ἀφεὶς, ἀνθρώπινα κερδαίνεις κέρδη; τί τὸν πλουτοῦντα παραδραμὼν, τὸν οὐκ ἔχοντα ἐνοχλεῖς, καὶ τὸν ἀποδιδόντα καταλιπὼν, τῷ ἀγνωμονοῦντι συμβάλλεις; Ἐκεῖνος ἐπιθυμεῖ ἀποδοῦναι: οὗτος δὲ καὶ δυσχεραίνει ἀποδιδούς. Οὗτος μόλις ἑκατοστὴν ἀποδίδωσιν: ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἑκατονταπλασίονα, καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Οὗτος μετὰ ὕβρεων καὶ λοιδοριῶν: ἐκεῖνος μετὰ ἐπαίνων καὶ εὐφημίας. Οὗτός σοι βασκανίαν ἐγείρει: ἐκεῖνος δὲ καὶ στεφάνους σοι πλέκει. Οὗτος μόλις ἐνταῦθα: ἐκεῖνος δὲ καὶ ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Ἆρ' οὖν οὐκ ἐσχάτης ταῦτα ἀνοίας. τὸ μηδὲ εἰδέναι κερδαίνειν; Πόσοι καὶ τὸ κεφάλαιον ἀπώλεσαν διὰ τόκους; πόσοι κινδύνοις περιέπεσον διὰ τόκους; πόσοι καὶ ἑαυτοὺς καὶ ἑτέρους πενίᾳ περιέβαλον ἐσχάτῃ διὰ τὴν ἄφατον πλεονεξίαν; Ϛʹ. Μὴ γάρ μοι τοῦτο εἴπῃς, ὅτι ἥδεται λαμβάνων, καὶ χάριν ἔχει τοῦ δανείσματος. Τοῦτο γὰρ διὰ τὴν σὴν ὠμότητα γίνεται. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Ἀβραὰμ τὴν γυναῖκα ἐκδιδοὺς τοῖς βαρβάροις, αὐτὸς κατεσκεύαζεν εὐπαράδεκτον γενέσθαι τὴν ἐπιβουλήν: ἀλλ' οὐχ ἑκὼν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν φόβον τοῦ Φαραώ. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ πένης, ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲ τούτου ἄξιον αὐτὸν εἶναι νομίζεις, καὶ ὠμότητος ἀναγκάζεται χάριν εἰδέναι. Σὺ δέ μοι δοκεῖς, κἂν κινδύνων ἀπαλλάξῃς, μισθὸν ἀπαιτεῖν τῆς ἀπαλλαγῆς ταύτης αὐτόν. Ἄπαγε, φησὶ, μὴ γένοιτο. Τί λέγεις; Τοῦ μείζονος ἀπαλλάττων, οὐ βούλει χρήματα ἀπαιτεῖν: ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ ἐλάττονος τοσαύτην ἐπιδείκνυσαι τὴν ἀπανθρωπίαν; Οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅση τῷ πράγματι κεῖται τιμωρία; οὐκ ἀκούεις ὅτι καὶ ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ τοῦτο κεκώλυται; Ἀλλὰ τίς τῶν πολλῶν ὁ λόγος; Λαβὼν τὸν τόκον, πένητι δίδωμι, φησίν. Εὐφήμει, ἄνθρωπε: οὐ βούλεται τοιαύτας θυσίας ὁ Θεός. Μὴ σοφίζου τὸν νόμον. Βέλτιον μὴ διδόναι πένητι, ἢ ἐντεῦθεν διδόναι: ὅτι τὸ ἐκ δικαίων πόνων συλλεγὲν ἀργύριον πολλάκις ποιεῖς εἶναι παράνομον διὰ τὰ πονηρὰ γεννήματα: ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις νηδὺν καλὴν ἀναγκάζοι τίκτειν σκορπίους. Καὶ τί λέγω τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμον; Οὐχὶ καὶ ὑμεῖς ῥύπον αὐτὸ καλεῖτε; Εἰ δὲ οἱ κερδαίνοντες τοιαῦτα ψηφίζεσθε, ἐννόησον τίνα ὁ Θεὸς περὶ ὑμῶν οἴσει τὴν ψῆφον. Εἰ δὲ βούλει καὶ τοὺς ἔξωθεν νομοθέτας ἐρέσθαι, ἀκούσῃ ὅτι κἀκείνοις τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀναισχυντίας τὸ πρᾶγμα δεῖγμα εἶναι δοκεῖ. Τοὺς γοῦν ἐν ἀξιώμασιν ὄντας, καὶ εἰς τὴν μεγάλην τελοῦντας βουλὴν, ἣν σύγκλητον καλοῦσιν, οὐ θέμις τοιούτοις κέρδεσι καταισχύνεσθαι: ἀλλὰ νόμος ἐστὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς ὁ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀπαγορεύων κέρδη. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἄξιον φρίκης, εἰ μηδὲ τοσαύτην ἀπονέμοις τῇ τῶν οὐρανῶν πολιτείᾳ τιμὴν, ὅσην τῇ βουλῇ Ῥωμαίων οἱ νομοθέται: ἀλλ' ἔλαττον οἴσει τῆς γῆς ὁ οὐρανὸς, καὶ οὐδὲ αὐτὴν αἰσχύνῃ τοῦ πράγματος τὴν ἀλογίαν; Τί γὰρ τούτου γένοιτ' ἂν ἀλογώτερον, ἀλλ' ἢ ὅταν τις χωρὶς γῆς καὶ ὑετοῦ καὶ ἀρότρου βιάζηται σπείρειν; Διὰ τοῦτο ζιζάνια θερίζουσι τὰ τῷ πυρὶ παραδιδόμενα οἱ τὴν πονηρὰν ταύτην ἐπινοήσαντες γεωργίαν. Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ εἰσὶ δίκαιαι ἐμπορίαι πολλαί; αἱ τῶν ἀγρῶν, αἱ τῶν ποιμνίων, αἱ τῶν βουκολίων, αἱ τῶν θρεμμάτων. αἱ τῶν χειρῶν, αἱ τῆς ἐπιμελείας τῶν ὄντων; Τί μαίνῃ καὶ παραπαίεις εἰκῆ γεωργῶν ἀκάνθας; Ἀλλ' ἔχουσιν ἀποτυχίας οἱ τῆς γῆς καρποὶ, καὶ χάλαζαν καὶ ἐρυσίβην καὶ ἐπομβρίας; Ἀλλ' οὐ τοσαύτας, ὅσας οἱ τόκοι. Καὶ γὰρ ὅσα ἂν γένηται τοιαῦτα, περὶ τὴν πρόσοδον ἡ ζημία: τὸ δὲ κεφάλαιον ἕστηκεν, ὁ ἀγρός. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ πολλοὶ πολλάκις ἐν τῷ κεφαλαίῳ τὸ ναυάγιον ὑπέμειναν: καὶ πρὸ τῆς ζημίας δὲ ἐν διηνεκεῖ εἰσιν ἀθυμίᾳ. Οὐδέποτε γὰρ ἀπολαύει τῶν ὄντων ὁ δανειστὴς, οὐδὲ εὐφραίνεται ἐπὶ τούτοις, ἀλλ' ὅταν ὁ τόκος ἐνεχθῇ, οὐ χαίρει, ὅτι πρόσοδος γέγονεν, ἀλλὰ λυπεῖται, ὅτι οὐδέπω τὸ κεφάλαιον ἔφθασεν ὁ τόκος: καὶ πρὶν ἢ τέλειον τεχθῆναι τὸ κακὸν γέννημα τοῦτο, καὶ αὐτὸ τίκτειν ἀναγκάζει, τοὺς τόκους κεφάλαιον ποιῶν, καὶ βιαζόμενος τὰ ἄωρα καὶ ἀμβλωθρίδια προενεγκεῖν γεννήματα τῶν ἐχιδνῶν. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ οἱ τόκοι: τῶν θηρίων ἐκείνων μᾶλλον κατεσθίουσι καὶ σπαράττουσι τὰς τῶν ἀθλίων ψυχάς. Τοῦτο σύνδεσμος ἀδικίας: τοῦτο στραγγαλιὰ βιαίων συναλλαγμάτων. Δίδωμι γὰρ, φησὶν, οὐχ ἵνα λάβῃς, ἀλλ' ἵνα πλείονα ἀποδῷς. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Θεὸς οὔτε τὸ διδόμενον κελεύει λαβεῖν: Δίδοτε γὰρ, φησὶ, παρ' ὧν οὐ προσδοκᾶτε λαβεῖν: σὺ δὲ καὶ τοῦ διδομένου πλέον ἀπαιτεῖς, καὶ ὅπερ οὐκ ἔδωκας, τοῦτο ὡς ὀφειλόμενον ἀναγκάζεις καταθεῖναι τὸν εἰληφότα. Καὶ σὺ μὲν νομίζεις τὴν οὐσίαν σοι πλεονάζειν ἐντεῦθεν: ἀντὶ δὲ τῆς οὐσίας τὸ πῦρ ἀνάπτεις τὸ ἄσβεστον. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ τοῦτο γένηται, ἐκκόψωμεν τὴν πονηρὰν νηδὺν τῶν τόκων, πηρώσωμεν τὰς παρανόμους ὠδῖνας, ἀναξηράνωμεν τὴν ὀλέθριον ταύτην γαστέρα, καὶ τὰ ἀληθῆ καὶ μεγάλα κέρδη διώκωμεν μόνα. Τίνα δὲ ταῦτά ἐστιν; Ἄκουσον Παύλου λέγοντος, ὅτι Μέγας πορισμὸς ἡ εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας. Τοῦτον τοίνυν πλουτῶμεν τὸν πλοῦτον μόνον, ἵνα καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀδείας ἀπολαύσωμεν, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος σὺν τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.