Homily LXXIV.

“Woe unto you, because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish their sepulchers,2692   [There are two variations in the text of verse 29: the omission of “Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!” and the substitution of “their” for “of the righteous.”—R.]and say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.”

Not because they build, nor because they blame the others, doth He say, woe, but because, while both thus, and by what they say, they are pretending to condemn their fathers, they do worse. For in proof that the condemnation was a pretense, Luke saith, ye do allow because ye build; for, “Woe unto you,” saith He, “for ye build the sepulchers of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. Truly ye bear witness, and ye allow the deeds of your fathers, for they indeed killed them, and ye build their sepulchers.”2693   Luke xi. 47, 48. For here He reproves their purpose, wherewith they built, that it was not for the honoring of them that were slain, but as making a show of the murders, and afraid, lest, when the tombs had perished by time, the proof and memory of such daring should fade away, setting up these glorious buildings, as a kind of trophy, and priding themselves in the daring deeds of those men, and displaying them.

For the things that ye now dare to do, show that ye do these things also in this spirit. For, though ye speak the contrary, saith He, as condemning them, as, for instance, “We should not, if we had been in their days, have been partakers with them;” yet the disposition is evident wherewith ye say these things. Wherefore also unfolding it, though darkly, still He hath expressed it. For when He had said, ye say, “If we had been in the days of our fathers, we should not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets;” He added, “Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, that ye are the children of them that slew the prophets.” And what blame is it to be a murderer’s son, if one partake not in the mind of one’s father? None. Whence it is evident, that for this same thing He brings it forward against them, hinting at their affinity in wickedness.

And this is manifest too by what comes after; He adds at least, “Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers.”2694   Matt. xxiii. 33. For as those beasts are like their parents, in the destructiveness of their venom, so also are ye like your fathers in murderousness.

Then, because He was searching their temper of mind, which is to the more part obscure, He doth, from those things also which they were about to perpetrate, which would be manifest to all, establish His words. For, because He had said, “Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets,” making it evident, that of their affinity in wickedness He is speaking, and that it was a pretense to say, “We should not have been partakers with them,” He added, “Fill ye up therefore the measure of your fathers,”2695   Matt. xxiii. 32.not commanding, but declaring beforehand, what was to be, that is, His own murder.

Therefore, having brought in their refutation, and having shown that they were pretenses which they said in their own defense, as, for instance, “We would not have been partakers with them,” (for they who refrain not from the Lord, how should they have refrained from the servants), He makes after this His language more condemnatory,2696   καταφορικτρ .calling them “serpents, and generation of vipers,” and saying, “How shall ye escape the damnation of hell,”2697   Matt. xxiii. 33. [R.V., “judgment of hell . Greek, Gehenna.”]at once perpetrating such things, and denying them, and dissembling your purpose?

Then rebuking them more exceedingly from another cause also, He saith, “I will send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes, and some of them shall ye kill and crucify, and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues.”2698   Matt. xxiii. 34. [The reading “will send” is peculiar; in the next citation of the passage “send” occurs, as in our New Testament authorities.—R.] For that they should not say, “Though we crucified the Lord, yet from the servants we should have refrained, if we had been then;” “Behold,” He saith, “I send servants also to you, prophets likewise themselves, and neither will ye spare them.” But these things He saith, showing that it was nothing strange, that He should be murdered by those sons, being both murderous and deceitful, and having much guile, and surpassing their fathers in their outrages.

And besides what hath been said, He shows them to be also exceedingly vainglorious. For when they say, “If we had been in the days of our fathers, we should not have been partakers with them,” they spake out of vainglory, and were practising virtue in words only, but in their works doing the contrary.

Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, that is, wicked sons of wicked men, and more wicked than those who begat them. For He showeth that they are committing greater crimes, both by their committing them after those others, and by their doing much more grievous things than they, and this, while positively affirming that they never would have fallen into the same. For they add that which is both the end and the crown of their evil deeds. For the others slew them that came to the vineyard, but these, both the son, and them that were bidding them to the wedding.

But these things He saith, to separate them off from the affinity to Abraham, and to show that they had no advantage from thence, unless they followed his works; wherefore also He adds, “How can ye flee2699   [“escape,” as before, the verb being the same, though the tense is changed; see note 6, p. 445.—R.]from the damnation of hell,” when following them that have committed such acts?

And here He recalls to their remembrance John’s accusation, for he too called them by this name, and reminded them of the judgment to come. Then, because they are nothing alarmed by judgment and hell, by reason of their not believing them, and because the thing is future, He awes them by the things present, and saith, “Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets and scribes: and some of them shall ye kill and crucify, and scourge;2700   [The close of verse 34 is abridged.—R.]that upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel, unto the blood of Zacharias the son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple2701   [R.V., “sanctuary.”]and the altar. Verily I say unto you, that all these things shall come upon this generation.”2702   Matt. xxiii. 34–36.

2. See by how many things He has warned them. He said, Ye condemn your fathers, in that ye say, “We would not have been partakers with them;” and this is no little thing to shame them. He said, While ye condemn them, ye do worse things, even ye yourselves; and this is sufficient to cover them with disgrace. He said, These things shall not be without punishment; and hence he implants in them fear beyond words. He hath reminded them at least of hell. Then because that was to come, He brought home to them the terrors as even present. “For all these things shall come,” He saith, “upon this generation.”

He added also unspeakable severity to the vengeance, saying, that they shall suffer more grievous things than all; yet by none of these things did they become better. But if any one say, And why do they suffer more grievously than all? we would say, Because they have first committed more grievous things than all, and by none of the things that have been done to them have they been brought to a sound mind.

Heardest thou not Lamech saying, “Of Lamech vengeance shall be taken seventy times sevenfold;”2703   Gen. iv. 24.that is, “I am deserving of more punishment than Cain.” Why could this be? Yet he did not slay his brother; but because not even by his example was he brought to a better mind. And this is what God saith elsewhere, “Requiting the sins of fathers upon children for the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.”2704   Exod. xx. 5. [The LXX. reads ἕω, which is here altered to ἐπ. The rendering above is not literal: “upon children, upon a third and fourth generation to them that hate me.”—R.] Not as though one were to suffer punishment for the crimes committed by others, but inasmuch as they who, after many sin and have been punished, yet have not grown better, but have committed the same offenses, are justly worthy to suffer their punishments also.

But see how seasonably he also mentioned Abel, indicating that this murder likewise is of envy. What then have ye to say? Know ye not what Cain suffered? Did God hold His peace at his deeds? Did He not exact the severest penalty? Heard ye not what things your fathers suffered, when they slew the prophets; were they not delivered over to punishments, and inflictions of vengeance without number? How then did ye not become better? And why do I speak of the punishments of your fathers, and what they suffered? Thou who thyself condemnest thy fathers, how is it thou doest worse? For moreover even ye yourselves have declared that “He will miserably destroy those wicked men.”2705   Matt. xxi. 41. What favor then will ye have after this, committing such things after such a sentence?

But who is this Zacharias? Some say, the father of John; some, the prophet; some, a priest with two different names, whom the Scripture also calls, the son of Jehoiada.2706   Or, “calls Jehoiada.” 2 Chron. xxiv. 21. The name being indeclinable, may be read in the nominative or genitive.

But do thou mark this, that the outrage was twofold. For not only did they slay holy men, but also in a holy place. And saying these things, He did not only alarm them, but also comfort His disciples, showing that the righteous men also who were before them suffered these things. But these He alarmed, foretelling that like as they paid their penalty, even so should these too suffer the utmost extremities. Therefore He calls them2707   [That is, “His disciples.”]“prophets, and wise men, and scribes,” even hereby again taking away every plea of theirs. “For ye cannot say,” He saith, “Thou didst send from among the Gentiles, and therefore we were offended;” but they were led on unto this by being murderous, and thirsting for blood. Wherefore He also said beforehand, “For this cause do I send prophets and scribes.” This did the prophets also lay to their charge, saying, “They mingle blood with blood,”2708   Hosea iv. 2, LXX.and that they are men of blood. Therefore also did He command the blood to be offered to Him, showing that if in a brute it be thus precious, much more in a man. Which He saith to Noah likewise, “I will require all blood that is shed.”2709   Gen. ix. 5. And ten thousand other such things might one find Him enjoining with regard to their not committing murder; wherefore He commanded them not even to eat that which was strangled.

Oh the love of God towards man! that though He foreknew they would profit nothing, He still doeth His part. For I will send, He saith, and this knowing they would be slain. So that even hereby they were convicted of saying vainly, “We should not have been partakers with our fathers.” For these too slew prophets even in their synagogues, and reverenced neither the place, nor the dignity of the persons. For not merely ordinary persons did they slay, but prophets and wise men, such that they had nothing to lay to their charge. And by these He meaneth the apostles, and those after them, for, indeed, many prophesied. Then, willing to aggravate their fears, He saith, “Verily, verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation;” that is, I will bring all upon your heads, and will make the vengeance sore. For he that knew many to have sinned, and was not sobered, but himself hath committed the same sins again, and not the same only, but also far more grievous, would justly deserve to suffer a far more grievous punishment than they. For like as, if he had been minded, he would have gained greatly, had he grown better by their examples, even so, since he continued without amendment, he is liable to a heavier vengeance, as having had the benefit of more warning by them who had sinned before and been punished, and having reaped no advantage.

3. Then He directs His speech unto the city, in this way too being minded to correct His hearers, and saith, “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem!”2710   Matt. xxiii. 37. What meaneth the repetition? this is the manner of one pitying her, and bemoaning her, and greatly loving her. For, like as unto a woman beloved, herself indeed ever loved, but who had despised Him that loved her, and therefore on the point of being punished, He pleads, being now about to inflict the punishment. Which He doth in the prophets also, using these words, “I said, Turn thou unto me, and she returned not.”2711   Jer. iii. 7.

Then having called her, He tells also her blood-stained deeds, “Thou that killest2712   [The form of the Greek participle varies in the mss. of the Homily, as in those of the New Testament.—R.]the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, and ye would not,” in this way also pleading for His own dealings; not even with these things hast thou turned me aside, nor withdrawn me from my great affection toward thee, but it was my desire even so, not once or twice, but often to draw thee unto me. “For how often would I have gathered your children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens, and ye would not.”2713   [This citation is accurate; compare the previous abridgement of the sentence.—R.] And this He saith, to show that they were ever scattering themselves by their sins. And His affection He indicates by the similitude; for indeed the creature is warm in its love towards its brood. And everywhere in the prophets is this same image of the wings, and in the song of Moses and in the Psalms, indicating His great protection and care.

“But ye would not,” He saith. “Behold your house is left desolate,”2714   Matt. xxiii. 38.stripped of the succor which cometh from me. Surely it was the same, who also was before protecting them, and holding them together, and preserving them; surely it was He who was ever chastening them. And He appoints a punishment, which they had ever dreaded exceedingly; for it declared the entire overthrow of their polity. “For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord.”2715   Matt. xxiii. 39. And this is the language of one that loves earnestly, earnestly drawing them unto Him by the things to come, not merely warning them by the past; for of the future day of His second coming doth He here speak.

What then? Did they not see Him from that time? But it is not that hour which He meaneth in saying, Henceforth, but the time up to His crucifixion.

For since they were forever accusing Him of this, that He was a kind of rival God, and a foe to God, He moves them to love Him by this, namely, by showing Himself to be of one accord with His Father; and He indicates Himself to be the same that was in the prophets. Wherefore also He uses the same words as did the prophets.

And by these He intimated both His resurrection, and His second coming, and made it plain even to the utterly unbelieving, that then most surely they should worship Him. And how did He make this plain? By speaking of many things that were first to be, that He should send prophets, that they should kill them; that it should be in the synagogues; that they should suffer the utmost extremities; that their house should be left desolate; that they should undergo things more grievous than any, and such as never were undergone before. For all these things are enough to furnish even to the most senseless and contentious a clear proof of that which should come to pass at His coming.

For I will ask them, Did He send the prophets and wise men? Did they slay them in their synagogue? Was their house left desolate? Did all the vengeance come upon that generation? It is quite plain that it was so, and no man gainsays it. As then all these things came to pass, so shall those also come to pass, and most surely they shall submit then.

But they shall derive thence no advantage in the way of defense, as neither will they who repent of their course of life then.

Wherefore let us, while it is time, practise what is good. For like as they henceforth derived no advantage from their knowledge, even so neither shall we ourselves from our repentance for our wickedness. For neither to the pilot, when the bark is sunk in the sea from his remissness, will there remain anything more; nor to the physician, when the sick man is gone; but each of these must before the end devise, and execute all things, so as to be involved in no danger, nor shame; but after this, all is unprofitable.

Let us also then, while in sickness, send for physicians, and lay out money, and exert unceasing diligence, that having risen up from our affliction, we may depart hence in health.

And as much care as we exert about our servants, when their bodies are sick, so much let us show forth upon ourselves, when our soul is diseased. And indeed we are nearer to ourselves than our servants, and our souls are more necessary than those bodies, but nevertheless it were well if we exert at least an equal diligence. For if we do not this now, when gone, thenceforth we may obtain nothing more in the way of plea.

4. Who is so wretched, one may say, as not to show even as much thought as this? Why this is the marvellous thing, that we are held in so little esteem with our ownselves, that we despise ourselves more than our servants. For when our servants are sick of a fever, we send for physicians, and make a separation in the house, and compel them to obey the laws of that art; and if these are neglected, we are displeased with them, and set persons to watch them, who will not, even should they wish them, suffer them to satiate their desire; and if they who have the care of these persons should say, that medicines must be procured at great cost, we yield; and whatsoever they may enjoin, we obey, and we pay them hire for these injunctions.

But when we are sick (or rather there is no time when we are not sick), we do not so much as call in the physician, we do not lay out money, but as though some ruffian,2716   Lit., “executioner.”and enemy, and foes were concerned, so do we disregard our soul. And these things I say, not finding fault with our attention towards our servants, but thinking it meet to take at least as much care of our souls. And how should we do? one may say. Show it to Paul when ill; call in Matthew; let John sit by it. Hear from them, what we ought to do that is thus ill, they will surely tell, and will not conceal. For they are not dead, but live and speak. But doth the soul take no heed to them, being weighed down by the fever? Do thou compel it, and awaken its reasoning power. Call in the prophets. There is no need to pay money to these physicians, for neither do they themselves demand hire for themselves, nor for the medicines which they prepare do they drive thee to the necessity of expense, except for almsgiving; but in everything else they even add to thy possessions; as, for instance, when they require thee to be temperate, they deliver thee from unseasonable and wrong expenses; when they tell thee to abstain from drunkenness, they make thee wealthier. Seest thou the skill of physicians, who besides health, are supplying thee also with riches? Sit down therefore by them, and learn of them the nature of thy disease. For instance, dost thou love wealth, and greedy gain, like as the fevered love water? Listen at any rate to their admonitions. For like as the physician saith to thee, If thou wilt gratify thy desire, thou wilt perish, and undergo this or that; even so also Paul: “They that will be rich, fall into temptation, and a snare of the devil, and into foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition.”2717   1 Tim. vi. 9.

But art thou impatient? Hear him saying, “Yet a little while, and He that cometh will come, and will not tarry.2718   Heb. x. 37. The Lord is at hand, be careful for nothing;”2719   Phil. iv. 5, 6.and again, “The fashion of this world passeth away.”2720   1 Cor. vii. 31.

For neither doth he command only, but also soothes, as a physician should. And like as they devise some other things in the place of cold things, so doth this man draw off2721   μετοχετεει .the desire another way. Dost thou wish to be rich, saith he; let it be “in good works.” Dost thou desire to lay up treasure? I forbid it not at all; only let it be in Heaven.

And like as the physician saith, that what is cold is hurtful to teeth, to nerves, to bones; so he too, more briefly indeed, as heedful of brevity, yet far more, clearly and more powerfully, saith, “For the love of money is the root of all evils.”2722   1 Tim. vi. 10.

Of what then should one make use? He tells this also: of contentedness instead of covetousness. “For contentment,” he saith, “with godliness is great gain.”2723   1 Tim. v. 6. But if thou art dissatisfied, and desirest more, and art not yet equal to cast away all superfluous things, he tells also him that is thus diseased, how he ought to handle these things too. “That they that rejoice in wealth, be as though they rejoiced not; and they that have, as though they possessed not; and they that use this world, as not abusing it.”2724   1 Cor. vii. 30, 31.

Seest thou what manner of things he enjoins? Wilt thou call in also another physician besides? To me at least it seems well. For neither are these physicians like those of the body, who often, while vying one with another, overwhelm the sick man. But not so these, for they have regard to the health of the sick, not to their own vainglory. Be not then afraid of the number of them; one Master speaks in all, that is, Christ.

5. See, for instance, another again entering in, and saying severe things concerning this disease, or rather it is the Master by him;2725   i.e., by Matthew.“For ye cannot serve God and mammon.”2726   Matt. vi. 24. Yea, saith he, and how will these things be? how shall we cease from the desire? Hence may we learn this also. And how shall we know? Hear him saying this too: “Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal.”2727   Matt. vi. 19.

Seest thou how by the place, by the things that waste there, He draws men off from this desire that is here, and rivets them to Heaven, where all things are impregnable? For if ye transfer your wealth there where neither rust nor moth corrupts, nor thieves break through and steal, ye will both expel this disease, and establish your soul in the greatest abundance.

And together with what we have said, He brings forward an example also to teach thee moderation. And like as the physician, to alarm the sick man saith, that such a one died from the use of cold water; so doth He also bring in the rich man,2728   Matt. xix. 16.laboring indeed, and longing for life and health, but not able to attain thereto, because of having set his heart on covetousness, but going away empty. And besides this man, another is shown to thee again by another evangelist, he that was in torment,2729   Luke xvi. 24–26.and was not master so much as of a drop of water. Then showing that His injunctions are easy, He saith, “Behold the fowls of the air.”2730   Matt. vi. 26. But being compassionate, He suffers not even the rich to despair. “For the things which are impossible with men, are possible with God,”2731   Luke xviii. 27.saith He. For though thou be rich, the physician is able to cure thee. For neither was it wealth that He took away, but to be slave of riches, and a lover of greedy gain.

How then is it possible for the rich man to be saved. By possessing his goods in common with them that are in need, being such as Job was, and exterminating out of his soul the desire of more, and in no points going beyond real need.

He shows thee together with these this selfsame publican also, that was grievously oppressed by the fever of covetousness, quickly set free from it. For what more sordid than a publican? Nevertheless, the man became indifferent to wealth from obeying the laws of the physician. For indeed He hath for His disciples such persons as these, that were sick of the same diseases as we are, and have recovered their health quickly. And He shows us each, in order we may not despair. See at least this publican. Mark again another, a chief of the publicans, who promised four fold indeed for all that he had extorted, and the half of all that he possessed, that he might receive Jesus.

But art thou on fire with exceeding desire for riches. Have the possessions of all men instead of thine own. For indeed I give thee, He saith, more than thou seekest, in opening to thee the houses of the wealthy throughout the world. “For whosoever hath forsaken father or mother, or lands, or house, shall receive an hundredfold.”2732   Matt. xix. 29. Thus wilt thou not enjoy more abundant possessions only, but thou wilt even remove this grievous thirst altogether, and wilt endure all things easily, so far from desiring more, not seeking often even necessary things. Thus doth Paul suffer hunger, and is held in honor more than when he ate. Forasmuch as a wrestler also, when striving, and winning crowns, would not choose to give up and to be in repose; and a merchant who hath entered on sea voyages would not desire to be afterwards in idleness.

And we therefore, if we should taste as we ought of spiritual fruits, shall thenceforth not even account the things present to be anything, being seized by the desire of the things to come as with some most noble intoxication.

Let us taste of them, therefore, that we may both be delivered from the turmoil of the things present, and may attain the good things to come, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory and the might, now and ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΟΔʹ. Οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, ὅτι οἰκοδομεῖτε τοὺς τάφους τῶν προ φητῶν, καὶ κοσμεῖτε τὰ μνήματα αὐτῶν, καὶ λέγετε: Εἰ ἦμεν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν αὐτῶν κοινωνοὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν προφητῶν. αʹ. Οὐχ ὅτι οἰκοδομοῦσιν, οὐδ' ὅτι ἐγκαλοῦσιν ἐκείνοις, Οὐαὶ, φησίν: ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ ταύτῃ καὶ δι' ὧν λέγουσι, καταγινώσκειν προσποιούμενοι τῶν πατέρων, χείρονα πράττουσιν. Ὅτι γὰρ προσποίησις ἦν ἡ κατάγνωσις, ὁ Λουκᾶς φησιν, Ὅτι καὶ συνευδοκεῖτε, ὅτι οἰκοδομεῖτε. Οὐαὶ γὰρ ὑμῖν, φησὶν, ὅτι οἰκοδομεῖτε τὰ μνήματα τῶν προφητῶν, οἱ δὲ πατέρες ὑμῶν ἀπέκτειναν αὐτούς. Ἄρα μαρτυρεῖτε καὶ συνευδοκεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν: ὅτι αὐτοὶ μὲν ἀπέκτειναν αὐτοὺς, ὑμεῖς δὲ οἰκοδομεῖτε τὰ μνήματα αὐτῶν. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ τὴν γνώμην αὐτῶν διαβάλλει, μεθ' ἧς ᾠκοδόμουν: ὅτι οὐ διὰ τιμὴν τῶν σφαγέντων, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐμπομπεύοντες ταῖς σφαγαῖς, καὶ δεδοικότες, μήποτε τῷ χρόνῳ τῶν τάφων ἀφανισθέντων μαρανθῇ τῆς τοσαύτης τόλμης ὁ ἔλεγχος καὶ ἡ μνήμη, οὕτως ᾠκοδόμουν τοὺς τάφους, ὥσπερ τι τρόπαιον ἱστῶντες λαμπρὰς τὰς οἰκοδομὰς, καὶ καλλωπιζόμενοι τοῖς ἐκείνων τολμήμασι καὶ ἐπιδεικνύμενοι. Τὰ γὰρ νῦν τολμώμενα παρ' ὑμῶν δείκνυσιν, ὅτι καὶ ταῦτα τούτῳ ποιεῖτε τῷ τρόπῳ. Κἂν γὰρ τὰ ἐναντία λέγητε, φησὶν, ὡς καταγινώσκοντες αὐτῶν, οἷον ὅτι Οὐκ ἂν, εἰ ἦμεν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, ἦμεν αὐτῶν κοινωνοί: ἀλλ' ἡ γνώμη δήλη ἡ ταῦτα λέγουσα. Διὸ καὶ ἐκκαλύπτων αὐτὴν, αἰνιγματωδῶς μὲν, εἴρηκε δ' οὖν ὅμως. Εἰπὼν γάρ: Λέγετε, ὅτι Εἰ ἦμεν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν κοινωνοὶ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν προφητῶν: ἐπήγαγεν: Ὥστε μαρτυρεῖτε ἑαυτοῖς, ὅτι υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας. Καὶ ποῖον ἔγκλημα υἱὸν εἶναι ἀνδροφόνου, ἂν μὴ κοινωνῇ τῇ γνώμῃ τοῦ πατρός; Οὐδέν. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι δι' αὐτὸ τοῦτο αὐτοῖς προφέρει, τὴν κατὰ κακίαν συγγένειαν αἰνιττόμενος. Καὶ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς δηλοῖ: ἐπήγαγε γοῦν: Ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνα ἔοικε τοῖς γονεῦσι κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ἰοῦ λύμην, οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς τοῖς πατράσι κατὰ τὸ φονικόν. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ γνώμην ἤταζεν ἄδηλον τοῖς πολλοῖς οὖσαν, καὶ ἀφ' ὧν μέλλουσι τολμᾷν, τῶν πᾶσιν ἐσομένων δήλων, κατασκευάζει τὰ εἰρημένα. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ὥστε μαρτυρεῖτε ἑαυτοῖς, ὅτι υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας, δηλῶν ὅτι τὴν κατὰ πονηρίαν συγγένειαν λέγει, καὶ ὅτι πλάσμα ἦν τὸ λέγειν, ὅτι Οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν αὐτῶν κοινωνοὶ, ἐπήγαγε: Καὶ ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν: οὐκ ἐπιτάττων, ἀλλὰ προαναφωνῶν τὸ ἐσόμενον: τουτέστι, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σφαγήν. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο ἐπαγαγὼν τὸν ἔλεγχον, καὶ δείξας ὅτι πλάσματα ἦν ἅπερ ἔλεγον ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν ἀπολογούμενοι, οἷον ὅτι Οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν κοινωνοὶ αὐτῶν: (οἱ γὰρ τοῦ Δεσπότου μὴ ἀπεχόμενοι, πῶς ἂν τῶν δούλων ἀπέσχοντο;) καταφορικωτέρῳ τῷ μετὰ ταῦτα κέχρηται λόγῳ, ὄφεις καλῶν καὶ γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν, καὶ λέγων: Πῶς φεύξεσθε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς γεέννης, καὶ τοιαῦτα τολμῶντες, καὶ ἀρνούμενοι, καὶ τὴν γνώμην κρύπτοντες; Εἶτα καὶ ἑτέρωθεν αὐτοὺς ἐλέγχων ἐκ περιουσίας, φησὶν, ὅτι Ἀποστελῶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς προφήτας καὶ σοφοὺς καὶ γραμματεῖς, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτενεῖτε καὶ σταυρώσετε, καὶ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς ὑμῶν μαστιγώσετε. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγωσιν, ὅτι Εἰ καὶ τὸν Δεσπότην ἐσταυρώσαμεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν δούλων ἀπεσχόμεθα ἂν, εἰ ἦμεν τότε: Ἰδοὺ, φησὶ, καὶ δούλους ὑμῖν ἀποστέλλω, προφήτας καὶ αὐτοὺς, καὶ οὐδὲ αὐτῶν φείσεσθε. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδὲν ξένον σφαγῆναι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν υἱῶν ἐκείνων, φονικῶν τε ὄντων καὶ ὑπούλων, καὶ πολὺ τὸ δολερὸν ἐχόντων, καὶ νικώντων τοὺς πατέρας τοῖς τολμήμασι. Πρὸς δὲ τοῖς εἰρημένοις δείκνυσιν αὐτοὺς καὶ σφόδρα κενοδοξοῦντας. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν λέγωσιν, Εἰ ἦμεν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν κοινωνοὶ αὐτῶν, κενοδοξοῦντες λέγουσι, καὶ ἐν λόγοις φιλοσοφοῦντες μόνον, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἔργοις τὰ ἐναντία πράττουσιν. Ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν: τουτέστι, Πονηροὶ πονηρῶν παῖδες, καὶ τῶν γεννησαμένων πονηρότεροι. Δείκνυσι γὰρ αὐτοὺς μείζονα τολμῶντας, τῷ τε μετ' ἐκείνους τολμῆσαι, καὶ τῷ πολλῷ χαλεπώτερα ἐκείνων, καὶ ταῦτα ἀκριβολογουμένους, ὡς οὐκ ἄν ποτε τοῖς αὐτοῖς περιέπεσον. Αὐτοὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸ τέλος ἐπάγουσι. καὶ τὴν κορωνίδα τῶν κακῶν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ τοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἐλθόντας ἀπέκτειναν: οὗτοι δὲ καὶ τὸν υἱὸν, καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ γάμον καλοῦντας. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει, τῆς συγγενείας αὐτοὺς ἀφιστὰς τῆς τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ δεικνὺς, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐντεῦθεν αὐτοῖς τὸ κέρδος, ἂν μὴ τὰ ἔργα μιμήσωνται. Διὸ καὶ ἐπάγει: Πῶς φύγητε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς γεέννης, ἐκείνους μιμούμενοι τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα τετολμηκότας; Ἐνταῦθα δὲ αὐτοὺς καὶ τῆς Ἰωάννου κατηγορίας ἀνέμνησε: καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἐκάλεσε: καὶ τῆς μελλούσης ὑπέμνησε κρίσεως. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς ἐφόβει κρίσις καὶ γέεννα, τῷ μὴ πιστεύειν, καὶ τῷ μέλλειν τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀπὸ τῶν παρόντων αὐτοὺς καταστέλλει, καί φησι: Διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω πρὸς ὑμᾶς προφήτας, καὶ γραμματεῖς, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτενεῖτε, καὶ σταυρώσετε, καὶ μαστιγώσετε: ὅπως ἔλθῃ ἐφ' ὑμᾶς πᾶν αἷμα δίκαιον ἐκχυνόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος Ἄβελ τοῦ δικαίου, ἕως τοῦ αἵματος Ζαχαρίου υἱοῦ Βαραχίου, ὃν ἐφονεύσατε μεταξὺ τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου. Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι ἥξει ταῦτα πάντα ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην. βʹ. Ὅρα ἐκ πόσων αὐτοὺς ἠσφαλίσατο; Εἶπεν, ὅτι Καταγινώσκετε τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν, δι' ὧν λέγετε, ὅτι Οὐκ ἂν ἐκοινωνήσαμεν αὐτοῖς: οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τοῦτο εἰς τὸ ἐντρέψαι. Εἶπεν, ὅτι Καταγινώσκοντες χείρονα πράττετε καὶ ὑμεῖς: καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ἱκανὸν αὐτοὺς καταισχῦναι. Εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὐκ ἀτιμωρητὶ ταῦτα ἔσται, καὶ φόβον ἐντεῦθεν αὐτοῖς ἐντίθησιν ἄφατον: ἀνέμνησε γοῦν αὐτοὺς τῆς γεέννης. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ἔμελλεν ἐκείνη, ἐπέστησεν αὐτοῖς καὶ παρόντα τὰ δεινά: Ἥξει γὰρ ταῦτα πάντα, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην. Προσέθηκε καὶ σφοδρότητα ἄφατον τῇ τιμωρίᾳ, εἰπὼν ὅτι πάντων χαλεπώτερα πείσονται: καὶ οὐδενὶ τούτων ἐγένοντο βελτίους. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις: Καὶ τί δήποτε χαλεπώτερα πάσχουσι πάντων; Εἴποιμεν ἂν, ὅτι καὶ πάντων χαλεπώτερα τετολμήκασι, καὶ οὐδενὶ τῶν γεγενημένων ἐσωφρονίσθησαν. Ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας τοῦ Λάμεχ λέγοντος: Ἐκ Λάμεχ ἐκδεδίκηται ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά; τουτέστι, Πλειόνων ἐγὼ ἄξιος τιμωριῶν ἢ ὁ Κάϊν. Τί δήποτε; Καίτοι οὐκ ἀδελφὸν ἀνεῖλεν: ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐδὲ τῷ παραδείγματι ἐσωφρονίσθη. Καὶ τοῦτό ἐστιν ὅ φησιν ὁ Θεὸς ἀλλαχοῦ: Ἀποδιδοὺς ἁμαρτίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα ἐπὶ τρίτην καὶ τετάρτην γενεὰν τοῖς μισοῦσί με: οὐχ ὡς τῶν ἄλλοις τολμηθέντων ἑτέρων διδόντων δίκας, ἀλλ' ὡς τῶν μετὰ πλείονας ἁμαρτόντας καὶ κολασθέντας μὴ γενομένων βελτιόνων, ἀλλὰ τὰ αὐτὰ πεπλημμεληκότων, καὶ ἐκείνων τὰς τιμωρίας ὑποσχεῖν ὄντων δικαίων. Σκόπει δὲ πῶς εὐκαίρως καὶ τοῦ Ἄβελ ἀνέμνησε, δεικνὺς ὅτι φθόνου καὶ οὗτος ὁ φόνος ἐστί. Τί οὖν ἂν ἔχοιτε εἰπεῖν; Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἔγνωτε τί ἔπαθεν ὁ Κάϊν; μὴ γὰρ ἐφησύχασε τοῖς γεγενημένοις ὁ Θεός; μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἀπῄτησε τὴν χαλεπωτάτην δίκην; Μὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἠκούσατε ὅσα ἔπαθον οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, τοὺς προφήτας ἀνελόντες; οὐ κολάσεσι καὶ τιμωρίαις μυρίαις ἐξεδόθησαν; Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐγένεσθε βελτίους; Καὶ τί λέγω τὰς κολάσεις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν, καὶ ἅπερ ἔπαθον; αὐτὸς σὺ ὁ καταψηφισάμενος τῶν πατέρων, πῶς χείρω ποιεῖς; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ ἀπεφήνασθε, ὅτι κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει. Τίνα οὖν λοιπὸν ἕξετε συγγνώμην, μετὰ τοιαύτην ψῆφον τοιαῦτα τολμῶντες; Ἀλλὰ τίς ἐστιν ὁ Ζαχαρίας οὗτος; Οἱ μὲν τὸν Ἰωάννου πατέρα φασίν: οἱ δὲ τὸν προφήτην: οἱ δὲ ἕτερόν τινα διώνυμον ἱερέα, ὃν καὶ Ἰωδάε φησὶν ἡ Γραφή. Σὺ δὲ ἐκεῖνο σκόπει, ὅτι τὸ τόλμημα διπλοῦν ἦν. Οὐ γὰρ ἁγίους ἀνῄρουν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ἁγίῳ τόπῳ. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγων, οὐκ ἐκείνους ἐφόβει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς παρεμυθεῖτο, δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ οἱ δίκαιοι οἱ πρὸ αὐτῶν ταῦτα ἔπαθον. Τούτους δὲ ἐφόβει, προλέγων ὅτι ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι δίκην ἔδοσαν, οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι τὰ ἔσχατα πείσονται. Διὰ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς καὶ προφήτας καὶ σοφοὺς καὶ γραμματεῖς καλεῖ, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν πάλιν πᾶσαν ἀπολογίαν αὐτῶν ἀναιρῶν. Οὐ γὰρ ἔχετε εἰπεῖν, φησὶν, ὅτι Ἀπὸ ἐθνῶν ἀπέστειλας, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐσκανδαλίσθημεν: ἀλλὰ τὸ φονικοὺς εἶναι καὶ διψᾷν αἱμάτων εἰς τοῦτο ἦγε. Διὸ καὶ προεῖπεν, ὅτι Διὰ τοῦτο προφήτας καὶ γραμματεῖς ἀποστέλλω. Τοῦτο καὶ οἱ προφῆται πάντες ἐνεκάλουν αὐτοῖς, Αἵματα ἐφ' αἵμασι μίσγουσι, λέγοντες: καὶ ὅτι ἄνδρες αἱμάτων εἰσί. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ αἷμα αὐτῷ ἐκέλευσε προσφέρεσθαι, δεικνὺς ὅτι εἰ ἐπὶ ἀλόγου οὕτω τίμιον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου. Ὃ καὶ τῷ Νῶε λέγει: Ἐκδικήσω πᾶν αἷμα ἐκχυνόμενον. Καὶ μυρία ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ φονεύειν αὐτοὺς διαταττόμενον: διὸ οὐδὲ πνικτὸν ἐσθίειν ἐκέλευσεν. Ὢ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίας, ὅτι καὶ προειδὼς οὐδὲν κερδανοῦντας, τὰ αὐτοῦ ὅμως ἐποίει! Πέμπω γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ ταῦτα εἰδὼς σφαγησομένους. Ὥστε κἀντεῦθεν ἠλέγχοντο εἰκῆ λέγοντες: Οὐκ ἂν ἦμεν κοινωνοὶ τῶν πατέρων. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι προφήτας καὶ ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς ἀνεῖλον: καὶ οὔτε τὸν τόπον αὐτὸν ᾐδέσθησαν, οὔτε τὸ ἀξίωμα τῶν προσώπων. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἁπλῶς τοὺς τυχόντας ἀνεῖλον, ἀλλὰ προφήτας καὶ σοφοὺς, ὥστε μηδὲν αὐτοῖς ἐγκαλεῖν. Τούτους δὲ, τοὺς ἀποστόλους φησὶ καὶ τοὺς μετ' ἐκείνους: καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ προεφήτευον. Εἶτα βουλόμενος αὐξῆσαι τὸν φόβον, φησίν: Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἥξει ταῦτα πάντα ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην: τουτέστιν, Εἰς κεφαλὰς ὑμῶν πάντα τρέψω, καὶ σφοδρὰν ποιήσομαι τὴν ἄμυναν. Ὁ γὰρ πολλοὺς ἡμαρτηκότας εἰδὼς, καὶ μὴ σωφρονισθεὶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ πάλιν καὶ αὐτὸς ἁμαρτὼν, καὶ οὐ τὰ αὐτὰ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῷ χαλεπώτερα, χαλεπωτέραν ἐκείνων πολλῷ δίκαιος ἂν εἴη δοῦναι δίκην. Ὥσπερ γὰρ, εἰ ἐβουλήθη, μεγάλα ἂν ἐκέρδανε τοῖς, ἑτέρων παραδείγμασι γενόμενος βελτίων: οὕτως, ἐπειδὴ ἀδιόρθωτος ἔμεινε, μείζονός ἐστι τιμωρίας ὑπεύθυνος, ἅτε πλείονος νουθεσίας τῆς διὰ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἡμαρτηκότων καὶ κολασθέντων ἀπολελαυκὼς, καὶ οὐδὲν καρπωσάμενος. γʹ. Εἶτα πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἀποστρέφει τὸν λόγον, καὶ ταύτῃ παιδεῦσαι βουλόμενος τοὺς ἀκούοντας, καί φησιν: Ἱερουσαλὴμ, Ἱερουσαλήμ. Τί βούλεται ὁ διπλασιασμός; Ἐλεοῦντος αὐτὴν καὶ ταλανίζοντος τοῦτο τὸ σχῆμα, καὶ σφόδρα φιλοῦντος. Ὥσπερ γὰρ πρὸς ἐρωμένην, φιληθεῖσαν μὲν διαπαντὸς, καταφρονήσασαν δὲ τοῦ ἐραστοῦ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κολάζεσθαι μέλλουσαν, ἀπολογεῖται λοιπὸν μέλλων ἐπάγειν τὴν κόλασιν. Ὃ καὶ ἐν τοῖς προφήταις ποιεῖ λέγων: Εἶπον, Ἀνάστρεψον πρός με, καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψεν. Εἶτα καλέσας αὐτὴν, λέγει καὶ τὰς μιαιφονίας αὐτῆς: Ἡ ἀποκτέννουσα τοὺς προφήτας, καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτὴν, ποσάκις ἠθέλησα συναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα σου, καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε; καὶ ταύτῃ ὑπὲρ τῶν καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἀπολογούμενος, ὅτι Οὐδὲ τούτοις με ἀπέστρεψας, οὐδὲ ἀπέστησας τῆς περὶ σὲ πολλῆς εὐνοίας, ἀλλ' ἠθέλησα καὶ οὕτως, καὶ οὐχ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς, ἀλλὰ πολλάκις σε ἐπισπάσασθαι. Ποσάκις γὰρ, φησὶν, ἠθέλησα ἐπισυναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν, ὥσπερ ὄρνις τὰ νοσσία ἑαυτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε; Τοῦτο δὲ λέγει, δηλῶν ὅτι ἀεὶ ἑαυτοὺς ἐσκόρπιζον διὰ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων. Καὶ τὸ φιλόστοργον ἀπὸ τῆς εἰκόνος ἐνδείκνυται: καὶ γὰρ θερμὸν τὸ ζῶον περὶ τὰ ἔκγονα. Καὶ πανταχοῦ δὲ τῶν προφητῶν ἡ εἰκὼν αὕτη τῶν πτερύγων, καὶ ἐν τῇ ᾠδῇ Μωϋσέως, καὶ ἐν τοῖς Ψαλμοῖς, τὴν πολλὴν σκέπην καὶ πρόνοιαν ἐνδεικνυμένη. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἠθελήσατε, φησίν. Ἰδοὺ ἀφίεται ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος: γυμνὸς τῆς παρ' ἐμοῦ βοηθείας. Ἄρα αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ καὶ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν προϊστάμενος, καὶ συνέχων καὶ διακρατῶν: ἄρα αὐτὸς αὐτούς ἐστιν ὁ κολάζων ἀεί. Καὶ τίθησι τιμωρίαν, ἣν ἀεὶ ἐδεδοίκεισαν μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς: αὕτη γὰρ πᾶσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ἀνατροπὴν τῆς πολιτείας ἐδήλου. Λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, οὐ μή με ἴδητε ἀπάρτι, ἕως ἂν εἴπητε, Εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐραστοῦ τὸ ῥῆμα σφοδροῦ, σφόδρα αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπισπωμένου, οὐκ ἀπὸ παρελθόντων μόνον ἐντρέποντος: τὴν γὰρ μέλλουσαν ἡμέραν τῆς δευτέρας αὐτοῦ παρουσίας ἐνταῦθα λέγει. Τί οὖν; οὐκ εἶδον αὐτὸν ἔκτοτε; Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ τὴν ὥραν ἐκείνην δηλοῖ λέγων, Ἀπάρτι, ἀλλὰ τὸν καιρὸν τὸν μέχρι τοῦ σταυροῦ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀεὶ αὐτοὶ τοῦτο ἐνεκάλουν, ὅτι ἀντίθεός τίς ἐστι καὶ ἐχθρὸς τῷ Θεῷ, ἀπὸ τούτου αὐτοὺς προτρέπει ἀγαπᾷν αὐτὸν, τῷ συμφωνοῦντα ἑαυτὸν δεικνύναι τῷ Πατρί; καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτὸν ὄντα τὸν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις. Διὸ καὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς κέχρηται ῥήμασιν, οἷσπερ καὶ ὁ προφήτης. Διὰ δὲ τούτων καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ᾐνίξατο, καὶ τὴν δευτέραν παρουσίαν: καὶ ἐδήλωσε καὶ τοῖς σφόδρα ἀπιστοῦσιν, ὅτι τότε πάντως αὐτὸν προσκυνήσουσι. Καὶ πῶς τοῦτο ἐδήλωσε; Πολλὰ εἰπὼν πρότερον ἐσόμενα: ὅτι ἀποστελεῖ προφήτας: ὅτι ἀναιρήσουσιν αὐτούς: ὅτι ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς: ὅτι πείσονται τὰ ἔσχατα αὐτοί: ὅτι ἐρημωθήσεται ὁ οἶκος: ὅτι ὑποστήσονται πάντων χαλεπώτερα, καὶ οἷα μηδέποτε πρότερον. Ταῦτα γὰρ πάντα καὶ τοῖς σφόδρα ἀνοήτοις καὶ φιλονείκοις ἱκανὰ ἦν παρέξειν καὶ ἐκείνου τοῦ ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐσομένου ἀπόδειξιν. Ἐρήσομαι γὰρ αὐτούς: Ἀπέστειλε προφήτας καὶ σοφούς; ἀνεῖλον αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς; ἀφέθη ὁ οἶκος αὐτῶν ἔρημος; ἦλθε πάντα ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ἐκείνην τὰ τῆς τιμωρίας; Εὔδηλον, ὅτι καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀντερεῖ. Ὥσπερ οὖν ταῦτα πάντα ἐξέβη, οὕτω κἀκεῖνα ἐκβήσεται, καὶ πάντως ὑποκύψουσι τότε. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ὄφελος ἐντεῦθεν εἰς ἀπολογίαν αὐτοῖς, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ τοῖς πολιτείας ἕνεκεν μετανοοῦσι τότε. Διόπερ ἕως ἐστὶ καιρὸς, πράττωμεν τὰ ἀγαθά. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκείνοις τῆς γνώσεως λοιπὸν ὄφελος οὐδὲν, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς τῆς ἐπὶ τῇ πονηρίᾳ μετανοίας. Οὔτε γὰρ κυβερνήτῃ, τῆς θαλάσσης ὑπερενεχθείσης τοῦ σκάφους παρὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ ῥᾳθυμίαν, οὐκ ἰατρῷ, τοῦ κάμνοντος ἀπελθόντος, ἔσται τι πλέον: ἀλλ' ἕκαστον τούτων πρὸ τοῦ τέλους πάντα χρὴ μηχανᾶσθαι καὶ πραγματεύεσθαι, ὥστε μηδενὶ κινδύνῳ περιπεσεῖν, μηδὲ αἰσχύνῃ: μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πάντα ἀνόνητα. Καὶ ἡμεῖς τοίνυν ἕως ἂν ὦμεν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ, καὶ ἰατροὺς παρακαλῶμεν, καὶ χρήματα ἀναλίσκωμεν, καὶ σπουδὴν διηνεκῆ εἰσφέρωμεν, ἵνα ἀναστάντες ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας, ὑγιεῖς ἐντεῦθεν ἀπέλθωμεν. Καὶ ὅσην περὶ τοὺς δούλους τοὺς ἡμετέρους ποιούμεθα πρόνοιαν, ὅταν αὐτῶν τὰ σώματα κάμνῃ, τοσαύτην περὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐπιδειξώμεθα, τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν νοσούσης. Καίτοι τῶν οἰκετῶν ἡμεῖς ἐγγύτεροι ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ τῶν σωμάτων τῶν ἐκείνων αἱ ψυχαὶ ἀναγκαιότεραι: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἀγαπητὸν, κἂν τὴν ἴσην γοῦν σπουδὴν εἰσενέγκωμεν. Ἂν γὰρ μὴ νῦν τοῦτο πράξωμεν, ἀπελθόντας λοιπὸν οὐδὲν ἔνι καρπώσασθαι εἰς ἀπολογίας λόγον. δʹ. Καὶ τίς οὕτως ἄθλιος, φησὶν, ὡς μηδὲ τοσαύτην ἐπιδείκνυσθαι πρόνοιαν; Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ θαυμαστὸν, ὅτι οὕτως ἐσμὲν ἄτιμοι παρ' ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς, ὡς καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν μᾶλλον ἑαυτῶν καταφρονεῖν. Τῶν μὲν γὰρ οἰκετῶν πυρεττόντων, καὶ ἰατροὺς καλοῦμεν, καὶ οἰκίαν ἀφορίζομεν, καὶ τοῖς νόμοις πείθεσθαι τῆς τέχνης ἐκείνης καταναγκάζομεν: καὶ ἀμελουμένων τούτων, χαλεποί τε αὐτοῖς γινόμεθα, καὶ φύλακας παρακαθιστῶμεν, τοὺς οὐδὲ βουλομένοις αὐτοῖς τὴν οἰκείαν πληροῦν ἐπιθυμίαν ἐπιτρέποντας: κἂν εἴπωσιν οἱ ἐπιμελόμενοι τούτων, φάρμακα δεῖν πολλῆς κατασκευασθῆναι τιμῆς, εἴκομεν: κἂν ὁτιοῦν ἐπιτάξωσι, πειθόμεθα, καὶ μισθοὺς αὐτοῖς τῶν προσταγμάτων τούτων τελοῦμεν. Ὅταν δὲ ἡμεῖς κάμνωμεν: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτε οὐ κάμνομεν: οὐδὲ ἰατρὸν εἰσάγομεν, οὐ χρήματα ἀναλίσκομεν, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ δημίου τινὸς καὶ ἐχθροῦ καὶ πολεμίου κειμένου, οὕτω τῆς ψυχῆς ἀμελοῦμεν. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐκ ἐγκαλῶν τῇ θεραπείᾳ τῇ περὶ τοὺς οἰκέτας, ἀλλ' ἀξιῶν κἂν τοσαύτην τῆς ψυχῆς τῆς ἡμετέρας ποιήσασθαι ἐπιμέλειαν. Καὶ πῶς ἂν ποιησαίμεθα; φησίν. Ἐπίδειξον αὐτὴν Παύλῳ νοσοῦσαν: εἰσάγαγε Ματθαῖον: παρακάθισον Ἰωάννην. Ἄκουσον παρ' αὐτῶν τί δεῖ ποιεῖν τὸν οὕτω κάμνοντα: πάντως ἐροῦσι, καὶ οὐκ ἀποκρύψονται. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τεθνήκασιν, ἀλλὰ ζῶσι καὶ φθέγγονται. Ἀλλ' οὐ προσέχει, τῷ πυρετῷ κατεχομένη; Κατανάγκασον αὐτὴν σὺ, καὶ τὸ λογικὸν αὐτῆς διέγειρον. Εἰσάγαγε τοὺς προφήτας. Οὐκ ἔστι χρήματα τοῖς ἰατροῖς καταθεῖναι τούτοις: οὔτε γὰρ αὐτοὶ μισθὸν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀπαιτοῦσιν, οὔτε ὑπὲρ φαρμάκων, ὧν κατασκευάζουσιν, εἰς ἀνάγκην σε δαπάνης ἐμβάλλουσι, πλὴν τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης: ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις δὲ καὶ προσδιδόασιν οἷον, ὅταν κελεύωσι σωφρονῆσαι, ἀπαλλάττουσί σε ἀκαίρων καὶ ἀτόπων ἀναλωμάτων: ὅταν ἀπέχεσθαι μέθης, εὐπορώτερόν σε ποιοῦσιν. Εἶδες ἰατρῶν τέχνην, μετὰ ὑγείας καὶ χρήματα παρεχόντων; Παρακάθισον τοίνυν αὐτοῖς, καὶ μάθε παρ' αὐτῶν τοῦ νοσήματός σου τὴν φύσιν. Οἷον, ἐρᾷς χρημάτων πολλάκις καὶ πλεονεξίας, ὥσπερ οἱ πυρέττοντες ψυχροῦ; Ἄκουσον γοῦν τί παραινοῦσιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ ἰατρός σοί φησιν: Ἐὰν χαρίσῃ τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ, ἀπολῇ, καὶ τὸ καὶ τὸ ὑποστήσῃ: οὕτω καὶ Παῦλος: Οἱ δὲ βουλόμενοι πλουτεῖν, ἐμπίπτουσιν εἰς πειρασμὸν καὶ παγίδα τοῦ διαβόλου, καὶ ἐπιθυμίας ἀνοήτους καὶ βλαβερὰς, αἵτινες βυθίζουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους εἰς ὄλεθρον καὶ ἀπώλειαν. Ἀλλ' ἀκαρτέρητος εἶ; Ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ λέγοντος: Ἔτι μικρὸν, ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἥξει, καὶ οὐ χρονιεῖ. Ὁ Κύριος ἐγγύς: μηδὲν μεριμνᾶτε: καὶ πάλιν: Παράγει τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπιτάττει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παραμυθεῖται, ὡς ἰατρός. Καὶ ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι ἀντὶ ψυχρῶν ἕτερά τινα ἐπινοοῦσιν, οὕτω καὶ οὗτος μετοχετεύει τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν. Βούλει πλουτεῖν; φησίν. Ἐν ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς. Ἐπιθυμεῖς θησαυρίζειν; Οὐδὲν κωλύω: μόνον ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Καὶ ὥσπερ ὁ ἰατρὸς λέγει, ὅτι τὸ ψυχρὸν βλαβερὸν ὀδοῦσι, νεύροις, ὀστέοις: οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς, συντομώτερον μὲν, ἅτε βραχυλογίας ἐπιμελούμενος, σαφέστερον δὲ πολλῷ καὶ δυνατώτερον: Ῥίζα γὰρ πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἡ φιλαργυρία, φησί. Τίνι οὖν δεῖ χρήσασθαι; Λέγει καὶ τοῦτο: Τῇ αὐταρκείᾳ ἀντὶ πλεονεξίας. Ἔστι γὰρ πορισμὸς μέγας, φησὶν, ἡ αὐτάρκεια μετ' εὐσεβείας. Εἰ δὲ δυσανασχετεῖς, καὶ πλειόνων ἐπιθυμεῖς, καὶ οὔπω χωρεῖς ῥῖψαι τὰ περιττὰ πάντα, λέγει καὶ τῷ οὕτως ἀῤῥώστῳ, καὶ τούτοις πῶς χρήσασθαι δεῖ. Ἵνα οἱ χαίροντες ἐπὶ κτήμασιν, ὡς μὴ χαίροντες ὦσιν: καὶ οἱ ἔχοντες, ὡς μὴ κατέχοντες: καὶ οἱ χρώμενοι τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ, ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι. Εἶδες οἷα ἐπιτάττει; Βούλει καὶ ἕτερον ἐπεισαγάγω τούτῳ ἰατρόν; Ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ. Οὐδὲ γάρ εἰσιν οὗτοι οἱ ἰατροὶ καθάπερ οἱ τῶν σωμάτων, οἳ πολλάκις ἀντιφιλοτιμούμενοι ἀλλήλοις κατέδυσαν τὸν ἀῤῥωστοῦντα. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οὗτοι: πρὸς γὰρ τὴν τῶν καμνόντων ὑγίειαν, οὐ πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν ὁρῶσι φιλοτιμίαν. Μὴ τοίνυν αὐτῶν δείσῃς τὸ πλῆθος: εἷς ἐν ἅπασι φθέγγεται Διδάσκαλος ὁ Χριστός. εʹ. Ὅρα γοῦν εἰσελθόντα πάλιν ἕτερον, καὶ χαλεπὰ λέγοντα περὶ τοῦ νοσήματος τούτου: μᾶλλον δὲ τὸν Διδάσκαλον δι' αὐτοῦ: Οὐ δύνασθε γὰρ Θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ. Ναὶ, φησί: καὶ πῶς ταῦτα ἔσται; πῶς τῆς ἐπιθυμίας παυσόμεθα; Ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τοῦτο ἔστι μαθεῖν. Καὶ πῶς εἰσόμεθα; Ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦτο λέγοντος: Μὴ θησαυρίζετε ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅπου σὴς καὶ βρῶσις ἀφανίζει, καὶ ὅπου κλέπται διορύττουσι καὶ κλέπτουσιν. Εἶδες πῶς ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου, ἀπὸ τῶν λυμαινομένων, ἀπάγει τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ταύτης τῆς ἐνταῦθα, καὶ προσηλοῖ τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὅπου πάντα ἀνάλωτα; Ἂν γὰρ μεταθῆτε τὸν πλοῦτον ἐκεῖ, ὅπου οὔτε σὴς, οὔτε βρῶσις ἀφανίζει, οὔτε κλέπται διορύττουσι καὶ κλέπτουσι, καὶ ταύτην ἀποκρούσεσθε τὴν νόσον, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἐν μεγίστῃ καταστήσετε εὐπορίᾳ. Μετὰ δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων καὶ παράδειγμα εἰς μέσον ἄγει, σὲ σωφρονίζων. Καὶ καθάπερ ὁ ἰατρὸς, φοβῶν τὸν ἄῤῥωστον, φησὶν, ὅτι Ὁ δεῖνα ψυχρῷ χρησάμενος ἀπώλετο: οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσάγει τὸν πλούσιον, κάμνοντα μὲν, καὶ ἐπιθυμοῦντα ζωῆς καὶ ὑγιείας, οὐ δυνάμενον δὲ ἐπιτυχεῖν, διὰ τὸ πλεονεξίας ἐφίεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἀπιόντα κενόν. Καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον ἕτερόν σοι δείκνυσι πάλιν ἕτερος εὐαγγελιστὴς, τὸν ἀποτηγανιζόμενον, καὶ οὐδὲ σταγόνος ὄντα κύριον. Εἶτα δεικνὺς ὅτι εὔκολα τὰ ἐπιτάγματα, φησὶν, Ἐμβλέψατε εἰς τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ. Συγκαταβατικὸς δὲ ὢν, οὐδὲ τοὺς πλουτοῦντας ἀπογινώσκειν ἀφίησι. Τὰ γὰρ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις ἀδύνατα, δυνατὰ παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ, φησί. Κἂν γὰρ πλούσιος ᾖς, δύναταί σε θεραπεῦσαι ὁ Ἰατρός. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ πλουτεῖν ἀνεῖλεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ δοῦλον εἶναι χρημάτων, καὶ πλεονεξίας ἐραστήν. Πῶς οὖν δυνατὸν τὸν πλουτοῦντα σωθῆναι: Κοινὰ τὰ ὄντα τοῖς δεομένοις κεκτημένον, οἷος ἦν ὁ Ἰὼβ, καὶ τὴν τοῦ πλείονος ἐπιθυμίαν ἐξορίζοντα ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ τὴν χρείαν ὑπερβαίνοντα τὴν ἀναγκαίαν. Δείκνυσί σοι μετὰ τούτων καὶ τοῦτον αὐτὸν τὸν τελώνην, τὸν σφόδρα κατεχόμενον τῷ πυρετῷ τῆς πλεονεξίας, ταχέως ἀπαλλαγέντα. Τί γὰρ τελώνου καπηλικώτερον; ἀλλ' ὅμως γέγονεν ἀκτήμων ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἐκ τοῦ πείθεσθαι τοῖς τοῦ Ἰατροῦ νόμοις. Καὶ γὰρ τοὺς μαθητὰς τοιούτους ἔχει, ταῦτα νοσήσαντας τὰ νοσήματα ἅπερ ἡμεῖς, καὶ ὑγιάναντας ταχέως. Καὶ ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἡμῖν δείκνυσιν, ὥστε μὴ ἀπογνῶναι. Ὅρα γοῦν τὸν τελώνην τοῦτον. Σκόπει πάλιν ἕτερον ἀρχιτελώνην: ὃς τετραπλασίονα μὲν ὑπέσχετο δώσειν, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἥρπασε, τὰ δὲ ἡμίση πάντων ὧν ἐκέκτητο, ὥστε ὑποδέξασθαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν. Ἀλλ' ἐκκαίῃ σὺ καὶ σφόδρα ἐπιθυμεῖς χρημάτων; Ἔχε τὰ πάντων ἀντὶ τῶν σῶν. Καὶ γὰρ πλείονα ὧν ζητεῖς δίδωμί σοι, φησὶ, τὰς τῶν πλουτούντων οἰκίας ἀνοίγων σοι κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην. Ὃς γὰρ ἀφῆκε πατέρα, ἢ μητέρα, ἢ ἀγροὺς, ἢ οἰκίαν, ἑκατονταπλασίονα λήψεται. Οὕτως οὐχὶ πλειόνων ἀπολαύσεις μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ χαλεπὸν τοῦτο δίψος ἀναιρήσεις παντάπασι, καὶ οἴσεις πάντα ῥᾳδίως, οὐ μόνον τῶν πλειόνων οὐκ ἐφιέμενος, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τῶν ἀναγκαίων πολλάκις. Οὕτως ὁ Παῦλος πεινᾷ, καὶ σεμνύνεται μᾶλλον, ἢ ὅτε ἤσθιεν. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἀθλητὴς ἀγωνιζόμενος καὶ στεφανούμενος, οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιτο καταλῦσαι καὶ εἶναι ἐν ῥᾳστώνῃ: καὶ ἔμπορος τῶν ἐν θαλάττῃ πόρων ἁψάμενος, οὐκ ἂν ἐπιθυμήσειεν ἐν ἀργίᾳ εἶναι λοιπόν. Καὶ ἡμεῖς τοίνυν, ἂν γευσώμεθα ὡς χρὴ τῶν καρπῶν τῶν πνευματικῶν, λοιπὸν οὐδὲ ἡγησόμεθά τι τὰ παρόντα εἶναι, καθάπερ τινὶ μέθῃ καλλίστῃ τῇ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἁλόντες. Γευσώμεθα τοίνυν, ἵνα καὶ τοῦ θορύβου τῶν παρόντων ἀπαλλαγῶμεν, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.