John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew

“Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder. And He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and very heavy: and He saith unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death; tarry ye here, and watch with me.”2975 [The only variation of text is the substitution of κα for ττε, at the beginning of verse 38. The R.V. renders, “sorrowful and sore troubled,” and “abide” instead of “tarry.”—R.]

Because they clung to Him inseparably, therefore He saith, “Tarry ye here, while I go away and pray.” For it was usual with Him to pray apart from them. And this He did teaching us in our prayers, to prepare silence for ourselves and great retirement.

And He takes with Him the three, and saith unto them, “my soul is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death.” Wherefore doth He not take all with Him? That they might not be cast down; but these He taketh that had been spectators of His glory. However, even these He dismisses: “And He went on a little farther, and prayeth, saying, Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless not as I will, but as Thou wilt. And He cometh unto them, and findeth them sleeping, and saith unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour? Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation; the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”2976 Matt. xxvi. 39–41. [The first part of verse 39 is abridged, and in 40“them” is substituted for “the disciples.” The remainder of the passage is in verbal agreement with the received text.—R.]

Not without reason doth He inveigh against Peter most, although the others also had slept; but to make him feel by this also, for the cause which I mentioned before. Then because the others also said the same thing (for when Peter had said (these are the words), “Though I must die with Thee, I will not deny Thee; likewise also,” it is added, “said all the disciples”);2977 Matt. xxvi. 36. He addresses Himself to all, convicting their weakness. For they who are desiring to die with Him, were not then able so much as to sorrow with Him wakefully, but sleep overcame them.

And He prays with earnestness, in order that the thing might not seem to be acting. And sweats flow over him for the same cause again, even that the heretics might not say this, that He acts the agony. Therefore there is a sweat like drops of blood, and an angel appeared strengthening Him, and a thousand sure signs of fear, lest any one should affirm the words to be feigned. For this cause also was this prayer. By saying then, “If it be possible, let it pass from me,” He showed His humanity; but by saying, “Nevertheless not as I will, but as Thou wilt,” He showed His virtue and self-command, teaching us even when nature pulls us back, to follow God. For since it was not enough for the foolish to show His face only, He uses words also. Again, words sufficed not alone, but deeds likewise were needed; these also He joins with the words, that even they who are in a high degree contentious may believe, that He both became man and died. For if, even when these things are so, this be still disbelieved by some, much more, if these had not been. See by how many things He shows the reality of the incarnation: by what He speaks, by what He suffers. After that He cometh and saith to Peter, as it is said, “What, couldest thou not watch one hour with me?”2978 Comp. Mark xiv. 37. All were sleeping, and He re bukes Peter, hinting at him, in what He spake. And the words, “with me,” are not employed without reason; it is as though He had said, Thou couldest not watch with me one hour, and wilt thou lay down thy life for me? and what follows also, intimates this self-same thing. For “Watch,” saith He, “and pray not to enter into temptation.” See how He is again instructing them not to be self-confident, but contrite in mind, and to be humble, and to refer all to God.

And at one time He addresses Himself to Peter, at another to all in common. And to him He saith, “Simon, Simon, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat; but I have prayed for thee;” and to all in common, “Pray that ye enter not into temptation;” every way plucking up their self-will, and making them earnest-minded. Then, that He might not seem to make His language altogether condemnatory, He saith, “The spirit indeed is ready, but the flesh is weak.” For even although thou dost desire to despise death, yet thou wilt not be able, until God stretch forth His hand, for the carnal mind draws down.

And again He prayed in the same way, saying, “Father, if this cannot pass from me except I drink it, Thy will be done,”2979 Matt. xxvi. 42. [The word “cup” is omitted as in R.V., but “from me” is retained as in the received text.—R.]showing here, that He fully harmonizes with God’s will, and that we must always follow this, and seek after it.

“And He came and found them asleep.”2980 Matt. xxvi. 43. [R.V., “sleeping;” “again” is omitted.—R.] For besides that it was late at night, their eyes also were weighed down by their despondency. And the third time He went and spake the same thing, establishing the fact, that He was become man. For the second and third time is in the Scriptures especially indicative of truth; like as Joseph also said to Pharaoh, “Did the dream appear to thee the second time? For truth was this done, and that thou mightest be assured that this shall surely be.”2981 Gen. xli. 32. Therefore He too once, and twice, and three times spake the same thing, for the sake of proving the incarnation.2982 οκονομα.

And wherefore came He the second time? In order to reprove them, for that they were so drowned in despondency, as not to have any sense even of His presence. He did not however reprove them, but stood apart from them a little, showing their unspeakable weakness, that not even when they had been rebuked, were they able to endure. But He doth not awake and rebuke them again, lest He should smite them that were already smitten, but He went away and prayed, and when He is come back again, He saith, “Sleep on now, and take your rest.” And yet then there was need to be wakeful, but to show that they will not bear so much as the sight of the dangers, but will be put to flight and desert Him from their terror, and that He hath no need of their succor, and that He must by all means be delivered up, “Sleep on now,” He saith, “and take your rest; behold the hour is at hand, and the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.”2983 Matt. xxvi. 45.

He shows again that what is done belongs to a divine dispensation.

2. But He doth not this only, but also, by saying, “into the hands of sinners,” He cheers up their minds, showing it was the effect of their wickedness, not of His being liable to any charge.

“Rise, let us be going; behold, he is at hand that doth betray me.”2984 Matt. xxvi. 46. For by all means He taught them, that the matter was not of necessity, nor of weakness, but of some secret dispensation. For, as we see, He foreknew that Judas would come, and so far from flying, He even went to meet him. At any rate, “While He yet spake, lo, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a great multitude with swords and staves, from the chief priests and elders of the people.”2985 Matt. xxvi. 47. Seemly surely are the instruments of the priests! “with swords and staves” do they come against Him! And Judas, it is said, with them, one of the twelve. Again he calleth him “of the twelve,” and is not ashamed. Now he that betrayed Him gave them a sign, saying, “Whomsoever I shall kiss, that same is He, hold Him fast.”2986 Matt. xxvi. 48. [R.V., “take him.”] Oh! what depravity had the traitor’s soul received. For with what kind of eyes did he then look at his Master? with what mouth did he kiss Him? Oh! accursed purpose; what did he devise? What did he dare? What sort of sign of betrayal did he give? Whomsoever I shall kiss, he saith. He was emboldened by his Master’s gentleness, which more than all was sufficient to shame him, and to deprive him of all excuse for that he was betraying one so meek.

But wherefore doth He say this? Because often when seized by them He had gone out through the midst, without their knowing it. Nevertheless, then also this would have been done, if it had not been His own will that He should be taken. It was at least with a view to teach them this, that He then blinded their eyes, and Himself asked, “Whom seek ye?”2987 John xviii. 4. And they knew Him not, though being with lanterns and torches, and having Judas with them. Afterwards, as they had said, “Jesus;” He saith, “I am He” whom ye seek: and here again, “Friend, wherefore art thou come?”2988 Matt. xxvi. 50. [The Greek text in the Homily is ἐφ πρει; but there is some authority for ἐφ πρει; which is abundantly attested in the New Testament passage. The latter reading is accepted in the R.V., “Friend, do that for which thou art come.”—R.]

For after having shown His own strength, then at once He yielded Himself. But John saith, that even to the very moment He continued to reprove him, saying, “Judas, betrayest thou the Son of Man with a kiss?”2989 Luke xxii. 48. Art thou not ashamed even of the form of the betrayal? saith He. Nevertheless, forasmuch as not even this checked him, He submitted to be kissed, and gave Himself up willingly; and they laid their hands on Him, and seized Him that night on which they ate the passover, to such a degree did they boil with rage, and were mad. However, they would have had no strength, unless He had Himself suffered it. Yet this delivers not Judas from intolerable punishment, but even more exceedingly condemns him, for that though he had received such proof of His power, and lenity, and meekness, and gentleness, he became fiercer than any wild beast.

Knowing then these things, let us flee from covetousness. For that, that it was, which then drove him to madness; that exercises them who are taken thereby in the most extreme cruelty and inhumanity. For, when it makes them to despair of their own salvation, much more doth it cause them to overlook that of the rest of mankind. And so tyrannical is the passing, as sometimes to prevail over the keenest lust. Wherefore indeed I am exceedingly ashamed, that to spare their money, may indeed have bridled their unchastity, but for the fear of Christ they were not willing to live chastely and with gravity.

Wherefore I say, let us flee from it; for I will not cease for ever saying this. For why, O man, dost thou gather gold? Why dost thou make thy bondage more bitter? Why thy watching more grievous? Why thy anxiety more painful? Account for thine own the metals buried in the mines, those in the kings’ courts. For indeed if thou hadst all that heap, thou wouldest keep it only, and wouldest not use it. For if now thou hast not used the things thou possessest, but abstainest from them as though they belonged to others, much more would this be the case with thee, if thou hadst more. For it is the way of the covetous, the more they heap up around them, the more to be sparing of it. “But I know,” sayest thou, “that these things are mine.” The possession then is in supposition only, not in enjoyment. But I should be an object of fear to men, sayest thou. Nay, but thou wouldest by this become a more easy prey both to rich and poor, to robbers, and false accusers, and servants, and in general to all that are minded to plot against thee. For if thou art desirous to be an object of fear, cut off the occasions by which they are able to lay hold of thee and pain thee, whoever have set their hearts thereon. Hearest thou not the parable that saith, that the poor and naked man, not even a hundred men gathered together are ever able to strip? For he hath his poverty as his greatest protection, which not even the king shall ever be able to subdue and take.

3. The covetous man indeed all join in vexing. And why do I say men, when moths and worms war against such a man? And why do I speak of moths? Length of time is enough alone, even when no one troubles him, to do the greatest injury to such a man.

What then is the pleasure of wealth? For I see its discomforts, but do thou tell me the pleasure of it. And what are its discomforts? sayest thou: anxieties, plots, enmities, hatred, fear; to be ever thirsting and in pain.

For if any one were to embrace a damsel he loves, but were not able to satisfy his desire, he undergoes the utmost torment. Even so also doth the rich man. For he hath plenty, and is with her, but cannot satisfy all his desire; but the same result takes place as some wise man mentions; “The lust of eunuch to deflower a virgin;” and, “Like an eunuch embracing a virgin and groaning;”2990 Ecclus. xx. 4, xxx. 20.so are all the rich.

Why should one speak of the other things? how such a one is displeasing to all, to his servants, his laborers, his neighbors, to them that handle public affairs, to them that are injured, to them that are not injured, to his wife most of all, and to his children more than to any. For not as men does he bring them up, but more miserably than menials and purchased slaves.

And countless occasions for anger, and vexation, and insult, and ridicule against himself, doth he bring about, being set forth as a common laughing stock to all. So the discomforts are these, and perhaps more than these; before one could never go through them all in discourse, but experience will be able to set them before us.

But tell me the pleasure from hence. “I appear to be rich,” he saith, “and am reputed to be rich.” And what kind of pleas ure to be so reputed? It is a very great name for envy. I say a name, for wealth is a name only void of reality.

“Yet he that is rich,” saith he, “indulges and delights himself with this notion.” He delights himself in those things about which he ought to grieve. “To grieve? wherefore?” asks he. Because this renders him useless for all purposes, and cowardly and unmanly both with regard to banishment and to death, for he holds this double, longing more for money than for light. Such a one not even Heaven delights, because it beareth not gold; nor the sun, forasmuch as it puts not forth golden beams.

But there are some, saith he, who do enjoy what they possess, living in luxury, in gluttony, in drunkenness, spending sumptuously. You are telling me of persons worse than the first. For the last above all are the men, who have no enjoyment. For the first at least abstains from other evils, being bound to one love; but the others are worse than these, besides what we have said, bringing in upon themselves a crowd of cruel masters, and doing service every day to the belly, to lust, to drunkenness, to other kinds of intemperance, as to so many cruel tyrants, keeping harlots, preparing expensive feasts, purchasing parasites, flatterers, turning aside after unnatural lusts, involving their body and their soul in a thousand diseases springing therefrom.

For neither is it on what they want they spend their goods, but on ruining the body, and on ruining also the soul therewith; and they do the same, as if any one, when adorning his person, were to think he was spending his money on his own wants.

So that he alone enjoys pleasure and is master of his goods, who uses his wealth for a proper object; but these are slaves and captives, for they aggravate both the passions of the body and the diseases of the soul. What manner of enjoyment is this, where is siege and war, and a storm worse than all the raging of the sea? For if wealth find men fools, it renders them more foolish; if wanton, more wanton.

And what is the use of understanding, thou wilt say, to the poor man? As might be expected thou art ignorant; for neither doth the blind man know what is the advantage of light. Listen to Solomon, saying, “As far as light excelleth darkness, so doth wisdom excel folly.”2991 Eccles. ii. 13.

But how shall we instruct him that is in darkness? For the love of money is darkness, permitting nothing that is to appear as it is, but otherwise. For much as one in darkness, though he should see a golden vessel, though a precious stone, though purple garments, supposes them to be nothing, for he sees not their beauty; so also he that is in covetousness, knows not as he ought the beauty of those things that are worthy of our care. Disperse then I pray thee the mist that arises from this passion, and then wilt thou see the nature of things.

But nowhere do these things so plainly appear as in poverty, nowhere are those things so disproved which seem to be, and are not, as in self-denial.

4. But oh! foolish men; who do even curse the poor, and say that both houses and living are disgraced by poverty, confounding all things. For what is a disgrace to a house? I pray thee. It hath no couch of ivory, nor silver vessels, but all of earthenware and wood. Nay, this is the greatest glory and distinction to a house. For to be indifferent about worldly things, often occasions all a man’s leisure to be spent in the care of his soul.

When therefore thou seest great care about outward things, then be ashamed at the great unseemliness. For the houses of them that are rich most of all want seemliness. For when thou seest tables covered with hangings, and couches inlaid with silver, much as in the theatre, much as in the display of the stage, what can be equal to this unseemliness? For what kind of house is most like the stage, and the things on the stage? The rich man’s or the poor man’s? Is it not quite plain that it is the rich man’s? This therefore is full of unseemliness. What kind of house is most like Paul’s, or Abraham’s? It is quite evident that it is the poor man’s. This therefore is most adorned, and to be approved. And that thou mayest learn that this is, above all, a house’s adorning, enter into the house of Zacchæus, and learn, when Christ was on the point of entering therein, how Zacchæus adorned it. For he did not run to his neighbors begging curtains, and seats, and chairs made of ivory, neither did he bring forth from his closets Laconian hangings; but he adorned it with an adorning suitable to Christ. What was this? “The half of my goods I will give,” he saith, “to the poor; and whomsoever I have robbed, I will restore fourfold.”2992 Luke xix. 8. [Altered, as in previous citations.—R.] On this wise let us too adorn our houses, that Christ may enter in unto us also. These are the fair curtains, these are wrought in Heaven, they are woven there. Where these are, there is also the King of Heaven. But if thou adorn it in another way, thou art inviting the devil and his company.

He came also into the house of the publican Matthew. What then did this man also do? He first adorned himself by his readiness, and by his leaving all, and following Christ.

So also Cornelius adorned his house with prayers and alms; wherefore even unto this day it shines above the very palace. For the vile state of a house is not in vessels lying in disorder, nor in an untidy bed, nor in walls covered with smoke, but in the wickedness of them that dwell therein. And Christ showeth it, for into such a house, if the inhabitant be virtuous, He is not ashamed to enter; but into that other, though it have a golden roof, He will never enter. So that while this one is more gorgeous than the palace, receiving the Lord of all, that with its golden roof and columns is like filthy drains and sewers, for it contains the vessels of the devil.

But these things we have spoken not of those who are rich for a useful purpose, but of the grasping, and the covetous. For neither is there amongst these, diligence nor care about the things needful, but about pampering the belly, and drunkenness, and other like unseemliness; but with the others about self-restraint. Therefore nowhere did Christ enter into a gorgeous house, but into that of the publican and chief publican, and fisherman, leaving the kings’ palaces, and them that are clothed with soft raiment.

If then thou also desirest to invite Him, deck thy house with alms, with prayers, with supplications, with vigils. These are the decorations of Christ the King, but those of mammon, the enemy of Christ. Let no one be ashamed then of a humble house, if it hath this furniture; let no rich man pride himself on having a costly house, but let him rather hide his face, and seek after this other, forsaking that, that both here he may receive Christ, and there enjoy the eternal tabernacles, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΠΓʹ. Τότε ἔρχεται μετ' αὐτῶν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς χωρίον λεγόμενον Γεθσημανῆ, καὶ λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς: Καθίσατε αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἂν ἀπελθὼν προσεύξωμαι ἐκεῖ. Καὶ παραλαβὼν τὸν Πέτρον καὶ τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς Ζεβεδαίου. ἤρξατο λυπεῖσθαι καὶ ἀδημο νεῖν, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς: Περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου: μείνατε ὧδε, καὶ γρηγορεῖτε μετ' ἐμοῦ. αʹ. Ἐπειδὴ ἀδιασπάστως αὐτοῦ εἴχοντο, διὰ τοῦτό φησι: Μείνατε αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἀπελθὼν προσεύξωμαι. Ἔθος γὰρ αὐτῷ χωρὶς αὐτῶν προσεύχεσθαι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἐποίει, παιδεύων ἡμᾶς ἐν ταῖς εὐχαῖς ἡσυχίαν κατασκευάζειν ἑαυτοῖς καὶ ἠρεμίαν πολλήν. Καὶ παραλαμβάνει τοὺς τρεῖς, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς: Περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου. Τίνος ἕνεκεν μὴ πάντας παραλαμβάνει; Ἵνα μὴ καταπέσωσιν: ἀλλὰ τούτους, τοὺς τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ θεωροὺς γενομένους. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τούτους ἀφίησι, Καὶ μικρὸν προελθὼν, εὔχεται λέγων: Πάτερ, εἰ δυνατὸν, παρελθέτω ἀπ' ἐμοῦ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο: πλὴν οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλ' ὡς σύ. Καὶ ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτοὺς, καὶ εὑρίσκει αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας, καὶ λέγει τῷ Πέτρῳ: Οὕτως οὐκ ἰσχύσατε μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι μετ' ἐμοῦ; Γρηγορεῖτε καὶ προσεύχεσθε, ἵνα μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν. Τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς πρὸς Πέτρον μάλιστα ἀποτείνεται, καίτοι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων καθευδησάντων: ἀλλὰ καθικνούμενος αὐτοῦ κἀντεῦθεν διὰ τὴν αἰτίαν ἣν ἔμπροσθεν εἶπον. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι τὸ αὐτὸ εἶπον, (εἰπόντος γὰρ, φησὶ, Πέτρου, ὅτι Κἂν δέῃ με σὺν σοὶ ἀποθανεῖν, οὐ μή σε ἀπαρνήσομαι: ὁμοίως δὲ, φησὶ, καὶ πάντες οἱ μαθηταὶ εἶπον) πρὸς ἅπαντας διαλέγεται, ἐλέγχων αὐτῶν τὴν ἀσθένειαν. Οἱ γὰρ συναποθανεῖν αἱρούμενοι, οὐδὲ λυπουμένῳ τότε συλλυπηθῆναι ἴσχυσαν ἐγρηγορότες, ἀλλ' ἐκράτησεν αὐτῶν ὁ ὕπνος. Ὁ δὲ ἐκτενῶς εὔχεται, ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ ὑπόκρισις εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα. Καὶ ἱδρῶτες ἐπιῤῥέουσι διὰ τὴν αἰτίαν πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν, καὶ ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο εἴπωσιν αἱρετικοὶ, ὅτι ὑποκρίνεται τὴν ἀγωνίαν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἱδρῶτες ὡς θρόμβοι αἵματος, καὶ ἄγγελος ἐνισχύων αὐτὸν ἐφάνη, καὶ μυρία φόβου τεκμήρια, ἵνα μή τις εἴπῃ τὰ ῥήματα πεπλασμένα εἶναι. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡ εὐχή. Τῷ μὲν οὖν εἰπεῖν, Εἰ δυνατὸν, παρελθέτω, ἔδειξε τὸ ἀνθρώπινον: τῷ δὲ εἰπεῖν, Πλὴν οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλ' ὡς σὺ, ἔδειξε τὸ ἐνάρετον καὶ ἐμφιλόσοφον, παιδεύων καὶ τῆς φύσεως ἀνθελκούσης ἕπεσθαι τῷ Θεῷ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἤρκει τοῖς ἀνοήτοις τὸ πρόσωπον δεῖξαι μόνον, καὶ ῥήματα προστίθησι. Πάλιν ῥήματα οὐκ ἤρκει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πραγμάτων ἔδει; καὶ ταῦτα συνάπτει τοῖς ῥήμασιν, ἵνα πιστεύσωσι καὶ οἱ σφόδρα φιλονεικοῦντες, ὅτι καὶ ἄνθρωπος γέγονε καὶ ἀπέθανεν. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τούτων ὄντων, ἀπιστεῖται παρά τινων ἔτι τοῦτο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον εἰ μὴ ταῦτα ἦν. Ὁρᾷς δι' ὅσων δείκνυσι τῆς οἰκονομίας τὴν ἀλήθειαν; Δι' ὧν φθέγγεται, δι' ὧν πάσχει. Εἶτα ἐλθὼν, Λέγει, φησὶ, τῷ Πέτρῳ: Οὕτως οὐκ ἴσχυσας μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι μετ' ἐμοῦ; Ἅπαντες ἐκάθευδον, καὶ τῷ Πέτρῳ ἐπιτιμᾷ, αἰνιττόμενος αὐτὸν, ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐφθέγξατο. Καὶ τὸ, Μετ' ἐμοῦ δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς κεῖται, ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγε: Γρηγορῆσαι οὐκ ἴσχυσας μετ' ἐμοῦ, καὶ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν θήσεις; Καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο αἰνίττεται. Γρηγορεῖτε γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ προσεύχεσθε μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς πειρασμόν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς πάλιν αὐτοὺς παιδεύει μὴ ἀπαυθαδιάζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ συντετρῖφθαι τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ ταπεινοφρονεῖν, καὶ τῷ Θεῷ τὸ πᾶν ἀνατιθέναι; Καὶ νῦν μὲν πρὸς Πέτρον ἀποτείνεται, νῦν δὲ πρὸς πάντας κοινῇ. Κἀκείνῳ μέν φησι: Σίμων, Σίμων, ἐξῄτησεν ὁ Σατανᾶς σινιάσαι ὑμᾶς: κἀγὼ ἐδεήθην περὶ σοῦ: κοινῇ δὲ πᾶσιν, Εὔχεσθε μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς πειρασμὸν, πανταχοῦ τὸ αὔθαδες αὐτῶν ἐκκόπτων καὶ ἐναγωνίους ποιῶν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ διόλου καταφορικὸν ποιεῖν τὸν λόγον, λέγει: Τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ βούλει, φησὶν, ὑπεριδεῖν θανάτου, ἀλλ' οὐ δυνήσῃ, ἕως ἂν ὁ Θεὸς ὀρέξῃ χεῖρα: καθέλκει γὰρ τὸ φρόνημα τὸ σαρκικόν. Καὶ πάλιν ηὔξατο τὸ αὐτὸ, λέγων: Πάτερ, εἰ οὐ δύναται τοῦτο παρελθεῖν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, ἐὰν μὴ αὐτὸ πίω, γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου: δεικνὺς ἐνταῦθα, ὅτι σφόδρα συνᾴδει τῷ θελήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ὅτι πανταχοῦ τούτῳ ἕπεσθαι δεῖ, καὶ τοῦτο ἐπιζητεῖν. Καὶ ἐλθὼν, εὗρεν αὐτοὺς καθεύδοντας. Μετὰ γὰρ τοῦ καὶ ἀωρὶ τῶν νυκτῶν εἶναι, καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν ὑπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας ἦσαν βεβαρημένοι. Καὶ ἐκ τρίτου πάλιν τὸ αὐτὸ ἀπελθὼν ἐφθέγξατο, βεβαιῶν ὅτι ἄνθρωπος γέγονε. Τὸ γὰρ δεύτερον καὶ τρίτον ἀληθείας μάλιστά ἐστιν ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς ἐνδεικτικόν: ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἔλεγε τῷ Φαραώ: Ἐκ δευτέρου ἐφάνη σοι τὸ ἐνύπνιον; ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας, καὶ τοῦ πιστωθῆναί σε ὅτι τοῦτο ἔσται πάντως, τοῦτο γέγονε. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς καὶ τρίτον τὸ αὐτὸ ἐφθέγξατο, ὑπὲρ τοῦ πιστώσασθαι τὴν οἰκονομίαν. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν ἦλθεν ἐκ δευτέρου; Ὥστε αὐτοὺς ἐλέγξαι, ὅτι οὕτως ἐβαπτίσθησαν ὑπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας, ὡς μηδὲ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ αἰσθέσθαι. Οὐ μὴν ἤλεγξεν, ἀλλὰ διέστη μικρὸν, δηλῶν τὴν ἄφατον αὐτῶν ἀσθένειαν, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐπιτιμηθέντες ἠδύναντο καρτερῆσαι. Οὐ διυπνίζει δὲ καὶ ἐπιτιμᾷ πάλιν, ὥστε μὴ πλῆξαι πεπληγότας, ἀλλ' ἀπελθὼν καὶ προσευξάμενος καὶ ἐπανελθών φησι: Καθεύδετε τὸ λοιπὸν, καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε. Καὶ μὴν τότε γρηγορῆσαι ἔδει: ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς, ὅτι οὐδὲ τὴν ὄψιν οἴσουσι τῶν δεινῶν, ἀλλὰ φυγαδευθήσονται καὶ ἀποστήσονται ὑπὸ τῆς ἀγωνίας, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲν τῆς αὐτῶν δεῖται βοηθείας, καὶ ὅτι δεῖ πάντως αὐτὸν παραδοθῆναι, Καθεύδετε λοιπὸν, φησὶ, καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε. Ἰδοὺ ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα, καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται εἰς χεῖρας ἁμαρτωλῶν. Δείκνυσι πάλιν ὅτι οἰκονομίας ἦν τὸ γινόμενον. βʹ. Οὐ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ εἰπεῖν, Εἰς χεῖρας ἁμαρτωλῶν, ἀνίστησιν αὐτῶν τὰ φρονήματα, δηλῶν ὅτι τῆς ἐκείνων πονηρίας τὸ ἔργον ἦν, οὐ τοῦ αὐτὸν ὑπεύθυνον εἶναι πλημμελήματι. Ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν ἐντεῦθεν: ἰδοὺ ἤγγικεν ὁ παραδιδούς με. Διὰ πάντων γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐπαίδευσεν, ὅτι οὐκ ἀνάγκης τὸ πρᾶγμα ἦν, οὐδὲ ἀσθενείας, ἀλλ' οἰκονομίας τινὸς ἀποῤῥήτου. Καὶ γὰρ προῄδει ἥξοντα, καὶ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἔφυγεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁμόσε ἐχώρει. Ἔτι γοῦν αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος, ἰδοὺ Ἰούδας εἷς τῶν δώδεκα ἦλθε, καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ὄχλος μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων τοῦ λαοῦ. Καλά γε τῶν ἱερέων τὰ σκεύη: μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων ἐπέρχονται. Καὶ Ἰούδας, φησὶ, μετ' αὐτῶν, εἷς τῶν δώδεκα. Πάλιν αὐτὸν τῶν δώδεκα καλεῖ, καὶ οὐκ αἰσχύνεται. Ὁ δὲ παραδιδοὺς ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς σημεῖον, λέγων: Ὃν ἂν φιλήσω, αὐτός ἐστι κρατήσατε αὐτόν. Βαβαί! πόσην ἐδέξατο πονηρίαν ἡ τοῦ προδότου ψυχή! Ποίοις γὰρ ὀφθαλμοῖς ἑώρα τότε εἰς τὸν Διδάσκαλον; ποίῳ στόματι ἐφίλει; Ὢ τῆς μιαρᾶς γνώμης! τί ἐβουλεύσατο; τί ἐτόλμησε; ποῖον σύμβολον ἔδωκε τῆς προδοσίας; Ὃν ἂν φιλήσω, φησίν. Ἐθάῤῥει τῇ ἐπιεικείᾳ τοῦ Διδασκάλου: ὃ μάλιστα πάντων ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτὸν ἐντρέψαι, καὶ πάσης αὐτὸν ἀποστερῆσαι συγγνώμης, ὅτι τὸν οὕτως ἥμερον προεδίδου. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν τοῦτό φησιν; Ἐπειδὴ πολλάκις κατασχεθεὶς ὑπ' αὐτῶν διεξῆλθεν, οὐκ εἰδότων αὐτῶν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τότε ἂν τοῦτο ἐγένετο, εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς ἐβουλήθη. Τοῦτο γοῦν αὐτὸ παιδεῦσαι αὐτὸν βουλόμενος, καὶ τότε ἐπήρωσεν αὐτῶν τὰς ὄψεις, καὶ αὐτὸς ἠρώτα, Τίνα ζητεῖτε; Καὶ οὐκ ᾔδεσαν, καίτοι μετὰ φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων ὄντες, καὶ τὸν Ἰούδαν μεθ' ἑαυτῶν ἔχοντες. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ εἶπον, Ἰησοῦν, λέγει: Ἐγώ εἰμι ὃν ζητεῖτε: καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν, Ἑταῖρε, ἐφ' ᾧ πάρει; Μετὰ γὰρ τὸ δεῖξαι τὴν ἰσχὺν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ, τότε λοιπὸν συνεχώρησεν. Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης φησὶν, ὅτι καὶ ἕως αὐτῆς αὐτὸν διώρθου τῆς ὥρας λέγων: Ἰούδα, φιλήματι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδως; Οὐδὲ τὸ σχῆμα τῆς προδοσίας αἰσχύνῃ; φησίν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπειδὴ μηδὲ τοῦτο αὐτὸν διεκώλυσε, καὶ φιληθῆναι κατεδέξατο, καὶ ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ἑκὼν, καὶ ἐπέβαλον ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας, καὶ ἐκράτησαν κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν νύκτα, καθ' ἣν τὸ πάσχα ἔφαγον: οὕτως ἔζεον καὶ ἐμαίνοντο. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲν ἂν ἴσχυσαν, εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς συνεχώρησεν. Οὐ μὴν τοῦτο ἀπαλλάττει τὸν Ἰούδαν τῆς ἀφορήτου κολάσεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ μειζόνως αὐτὸν καταδικάζει, ὅτι καὶ τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ τοσαύτην λαβὼν ἀπόδειξιν, καὶ τῆς ἐπιεικείας, [καὶ τῆς πραότητος,] καὶ τῆς ἡμερότητος, θηρίου παντὸς χαλεπώτερος γέγονε. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, φεύγωμεν πλεονεξίαν. Ἐκείνη γὰρ αὐτὸν, ἐκείνη τότε ἐξεβάκχευσεν: ἐκείνη πρὸς ἐσχάτην ὠμότητα καὶ ἀπανθρωπίαν γυμνάζει τοὺς ἁλόντας. Ὅταν γὰρ τῆς οἰκείας ἀπογνῶναι ποιῇ σωτηρίας, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῆς τῶν ἄλλων ὑπερορᾷν παρασκευάζει. Καὶ οὕτω τυραννικόν ἐστι τὸ πάθος, ὡς καὶ τοῦ δριμυτάτου ἔρωτος τῶν σωμάτων περιγενέσθαι ποτέ. Διὸ καὶ σφόδρα ἐγκαλύπτομαι, ὅτι χρημάτων μὲν φειδόμενοι πολλάκις ἐχαλίνωσαν ἀκολασίαν πολλοί: διὰ δὲ τὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ φόβον οὐκ ἠθέλησαν σωφρόνως ζῇν καὶ μετὰ σεμνότητος. Διὸ δὴ φεύγωμεν αὐτήν: οὐ γὰρ παύσομαι ἀεὶ τοῦτο λέγων. Τί γὰρ συνάγεις, ἄνθρωπε, χρυσίον; τί τὴν δουλείαν πικροτέραν ἐργάζῃ; τί τὴν φυλακὴν χαλεπωτέραν; τί τὴν φροντίδα δριμυτέραν ποιεῖς; Νόμισον εἶναι σὰ τὰ ἐν τοῖς μετάλλοις κατωρυγμένα ψήγματα, τὰ ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις. Καὶ γὰρ εἴπερ εἶχες τὸν ὄγκον ἐκεῖνον, ἐφύλαξας ἂν μόνον, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐχρήσω. Εἰ γὰρ νῦν τοῖς οὖσιν οὐ κέχρησαι, ἀλλ' ὡς ἀλλοτρίων ἀπέχῃ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον εἰ τὰ πλείονα εἶχες, τοῦτο ἂν ἔπαθες. Καὶ γὰρ εἰώθασιν οἱ φιλάργυροι, ὅσῳ ἂν πλείονα περιβάλλωνται, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον αὐτῶν φείδεσθαι. Ἀλλ' οἶδα, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐμὰ ταῦτα. Οὐκοῦν ἐν ὑπολήψει μόνον, οὐκ ἐν ἀπολαύσει ἡ κτῆσις. Ἀλλ' ἔμελλον ἀνθρώποις εἶναι, φησὶ, φοβερός. Εὐχείρωτος μὲν οὖν μᾶλλον καὶ πλουσίοις καὶ πένησι, καὶ λῃσταῖς, καὶ συκοφάνταις, καὶ οἰκέταις, καὶ πᾶσιν ἁπλῶς τοῖς ἐπιβουλεύειν βουλομένοις, τούτοις ἂν ἐγένου. Εἰ γὰρ βούλει εἶναι φοβερὸς, ἔκκοπτε τὰς λαβὰς, δι' ὧν δύνανταί σε ἑλεῖν καὶ λυπῆσαι πάντες οἱ τοῦτο ἐσπουδακότες. Ἢ οὐκ ἀκούεις τῆς παροιμίας λεγούσης, ὅτι Τὸν πένητα καὶ γυμνὸν οὐδὲ ἑκατὸν ὁμοῦ συνελθόντες δύνανται ἀποδῦσαί ποτε; Μεγίστην γὰρ ἔχει προστάτιν τὴν πενίαν, ἢν οὐδὲ ὁ βασιλεύων αὐτὸς χειρώσασθαι δύναιτ' ἂν καὶ ἑλεῖν. γʹ. Τὸν μέντοι φιλάργυρον ἅπαντες ὁμοῦ λυποῦσι. Καὶ τί λέγω τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ὅπου καὶ σῆτες καὶ σκώληκες ἐπιστρατεύουσι τῷ τοιούτῳ; Καὶ τί λέγω σῆτας; Ὁ χρόνος ὁ πολὺς ἀρκεῖ μόνος, καὶ μηδενὸς ἐνοχλοῦντος, τὰ μέγιστα ἀδικῆσαι τὸν τοιοῦτον. Τίς οὖν ἡ τοῦ πλούτου ἡδονή; Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰς ἀηδίας βλέπω: σὺ δέ μοι τὴν ἡδονὴν εἰπέ. Καὶ τίνες αἱ ἀηδίαι; φησί. Φροντίδες, ἐπιβουλαὶ, ἀπέχθειαι, μῖσος, φόβος, τὸ ἀεὶ διψῇν καὶ ἐν ὀδύνῃ εἶναι. Καὶ γὰρ εἴ τις συμπλέκοιτο κόρῃ ἐρωμένῃ, τὴν δὲ ἐπιθυμίαν ἐμπλῆσαι μὴ δύναιτο, τὴν ἐσχάτην ὑπομένει βάσανον. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ πλουτῶν. Ἔχει μὲν γὰρ τὴν εὐπορίαν, καὶ συγγίνεται αὐτῇ: ἐμπλῆσαι δὲ οὐ δύναται τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἅπασαν, ἀλλὰ συμβαίνει ταὐτὸν, οἷόν τίς φησι σοφὸς ἀνήρ: Ἐπιθυμία εὐνούχου ἀποπαρθενῶσαι νεᾶνιν: καὶ, Ὥσπερ εὐνοῦχος περιλαμβάνων παρθένον, καὶ στενάζων: οὕτως οἱ πλουτοῦντες ἅπαντες. Τί ἄν τις τἄλλα λέγοι; πῶς πᾶσίν ἐστιν ἀηδὴς ὁ τοιοῦτος, τοῖς οἰκέταις, τοῖς γεωργοῖς, τοῖς γείτοσι, τοῖς τὰ πολιτικὰ πράττουσι, τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις, τοῖς οὐκ ἀδικουμένοις, τῇ γυναικὶ μάλιστα ἁπάντων, τοῖς παιδίοις πλέον ἁπάντων; Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὡς ἐλευθέρους, ἀλλ' ἀνδραπόδων καὶ ἀργυρωνήτων ἀθλιώτερον αὐτοὺς ἐκτρέφει. Καὶ μυρίας ὀργῆς καὶ λύπης καὶ παροινίας καὶ γέλωτος ἀφορμὰς καθ' ἑαυτοῦ παρέξει, κοινὴ πᾶσι κωμῳδία προκείμενος. Καὶ αἱ μὲν ἀηδίαι αὗται, καὶ τούτων πλείους ἴσως: οὐ γὰρ ἄν τις αὐτὰς πάσας ἐπέλθοι τῷ λόγῳ ποτὲ, ἀλλ' ἡ πεῖρα παραστῆσαι δυνήσεται. Σὺ δέ μοι τὴν ἡδονὴν λέγε τὴν ἐντεῦθεν. Δοκῶ πλουτεῖν, φησὶ, καὶ νομίζομαι πλουτεῖν. Καὶ ποία ἡδονὴ τὸ νομίζεσθαι; Φθόνου μὲν οὖν ὄνομα μέγιστον. Καὶ γὰρ ὄνομα μόνον ἐστὶν ὁ πλοῦτος, πράγματος ἔρημον. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐντρυφῶν εὐφραίνεται τῇ ὑπολήψει ταύτῃ, φησὶν, ὁ πλουτῶν. Εὐφραίνεται ὑπὲρ ὧν ἀλγεῖν ἔδει. Ἀλγεῖν; διατί; φησί. Ὅτι τοῦτο αὐτὸν πρὸς πάντα ἄχρηστον ἐργάζεται, καὶ δειλὸν καὶ ἄνανδρον, καὶ πρὸς ἀποδημίαν καὶ πρὸς θάνατον: καὶ γὰρ διπλοῦν ἡγεῖται τοῦτον, μᾶλλον τῶν χρημάτων, ἢ τοῦ φωτὸς ἐπιθυμῶν. Τὸν τοιοῦτον οὐδὲ ὁ οὐρανὸς τέρπει, ὅτι μὴ χρυσίον φέρει: οὐδὲ ὁ ἥλιος, ἐπειδὴ μὴ χρυσᾶς ἀκτῖνας ἀφίησιν. Ἀλλ' εἰσί τινες, οἳ καὶ ἀπολαύουσι τῶν ὄντων, φησὶ, τρυφῶντες γαστριζόμενοι, μεθύοντες, πολυτελῶς δαπανῶντες. Τοὺς χείρονάς μοι τούτων λέγεις. Ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ μάλιστά εἰσιν, οἳ οὐκ ἀπολαύουσιν. Οὗτος μὲν γὰρ κἂν ἑτέρων ἀπέχεται κακῶν, ἑνὶ προσδεδεμένος ἔρωτι: ἐκεῖνοι δὲ τούτων χείρους, πρὸς τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἑτέρων δεσποινῶν χαλεπῶν συρφετὸν ἐπεισάγοντες, καὶ καθάπερ τυράννοις τισὶ χαλεποῖς, τῇ γαστρὶ, τῇ τῶν σωμάτων ἡδονῇ, τῇ μέθῃ, καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις ἀκολασίαις καθ' ἑκάστην λειτουργοῦντες τὴν ἡμέραν, πόρνας τρέφοντες, δεῖπνα πολυτελῆ κατασκευάζοντες, παρασίτους, κόλακας ὠνούμενοι, ἐπὶ τοὺς παρὰ φύσιν ἐκπίπτοντες ἔρωτας, μυρίοις νοσήμασιν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν περιβάλλοντες. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰς χρείαν ἀναλίσκουσι τὰ ὄντα, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ φθεῖραι τὸ σῶμα, καὶ συνδιαφθεῖραι τούτῳ τὴν ψυχήν: καὶ ταὐτὸν ποιοῦσιν, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις τὸ σῶμα κοσμῶν, δοκοίη εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ χρείαν ἀναλίσκειν. Ὥστε ἐκεῖνος μόνος ἡδονῆς ἀπολαύει, καὶ κύριός ἐστι τῶν ὄντων, ὁ χρώμενος εἰς δέον τῷ πλούτῳ: οὗτοι δὲ δοῦλοι καὶ αἰχμάλωτοι: καὶ γὰρ τὰ πάθη τοῦ σώματος ἐπιτρίβουσι, καὶ τὰ νοσήματα τῆς ψυχῆς. Ποία οὖν αὕτη ἀπόλαυσις, ὅπου πολιορκία καὶ πόλεμος, καὶ χειμὼν θαλαττίας πάσης ζάλης χαλεπώτερος; Κἂν γὰρ ἀνοήτους ὁ πλοῦτος λάβῃ, ἀνοητοτέρους ἐργάζεται: κἂν ἀσελγεῖς, ἀσελγεστέρους. Καὶ τί τῷ πένητι, φησὶ, τῆς συνέσεως ὄφελος; Εἰκότως ἀγνοεῖς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ τυφλὸς οἶδε, τί τοῦ φωτὸς τὸ κέρδος. Ἄκουσον τοῦ Σολομῶνος λέγοντος, ὅτι Ὅσον τὸ μέσον σκότους καὶ φωτὸς, τοσαύτη ἡ περιουσία τοῦ σοφοῦ ὑπὲρ τὸν ἄφρονα. Ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐν σκότῳ πῶς διδάξομεν; Σκότος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ τῶν χρημάτων ἔρως, οὐδὲν ἀφιεὶς τῶν ὄντων φαίνεσθαι ὡς ἔστιν, ἀλλ' ἑτέρως. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ ἐν σκότῳ, κἂν χρυσοῦν ἴδῃ σκεῦος, κἂν λίθον τίμιον, κἂν ἁλουργὰ ἱμάτια, οὐδὲν εἶναι νομίζει: οὐ γὰρ ὁρᾷ αὐτῶν τὸ κάλλος: οὕτω καὶ ὁ ἐν φιλαργυρίᾳ οὐκ οἶδε τῶν περισπουδάστων, ὡς χρὴ, τὸ κάλλος. Διασκέδασόν μοι τὴν ἀχλὺν τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ πάθους τούτου, καὶ τότε ὄψει τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν φύσιν. Οὐδαμοῦ δὲ ταῦτα οὕτω φαίνεται, ὡς ἐν πενίᾳ: οὐδαμοῦ οὕτως ἐλέγχεται τὰ δοκοῦντα μὲν εἶναι, οὐκ ὄντα δὲ, ὡς ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ. δʹ. Ἀλλ' ὢ τῶν ἀνοήτων ἀνθρώπων, οἳ καὶ καταρῶνται τοῖς πένησι, καί φασι καταισχύνεσθαι καὶ οἰκίας καὶ βίον ὑπὸ πενίας: πάντα φύροντες! Τί γάρ ἐστιν αἰσχύνη οἰκίας; εἰπέ μοι. Οὐκ ἔχει κλίνην ἐξ ἐλέφαντος, οὐδὲ ἀργυρᾶ σκεύη, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὀστράκου πάντα καὶ ξύλων. Τοῦτο μὲν οὖν μεγίστη δόξα οἰκίας καὶ περιφάνεια. Τὸ γὰρ τῶν βιωτικῶν ἀμελεῖν εἰς τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν τῆς ψυχῆς πολλάκις ποιεῖ τὴν σχολὴν ἀναλίσκεσθαι πᾶσαν. Ὅταν οὖν πολλὴν ἐν τοῖς ἔξω τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ἴδῃς, τότε αἰσχύνθητι ἐπὶ τῇ πολλῇ ἀσχημοσύνῃ. Σχῆμα γὰρ μάλιστα αἱ τῶν πλουτούντων οὐκ ἔχουσιν οἰκίαι. Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδῃς ξύλα περιβεβλημένα τάπησι, καὶ κλίνας ἀργύρῳ ἐνδεδεμένας, ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ, ὥσπερ ἐν τῇ πομπῇ τῆς σκηνῆς, τί ταύτης τῆς ἀσχημοσύνης ἴσον γένοιτ' ἄν; Ποία γὰρ μᾶλλον οἰκία ἔοικε τῇ ὀρχήστρᾳ καὶ τοῖς ἐπὶ τῆς ὀρχήστρας; ἡ τοῦ πλουσίου, ἢ ἡ τοῦ πένητος; Οὐκ εὔδηλον, ὅτι ἡ τοῦ πλουσίου; Οὐκοῦν αὕτη ἀσχημοσύνης γέμει. Ποία οἰκία ἔοικε τῇ τοῦ Παύλου, τῇ τοῦ Ἀβραάμ; Εὔδηλον ὅτι ἡ τοῦ πένητος. Οὐκοῦν αὕτη μάλιστα κεκαλλώπισται καὶ εὐδοκιμεῖ. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι τοῦτο μάλιστα κόσμος οἰκίας. εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ Ζακχαίου, καὶ μάθε, ὅτε ἔμελλεν εἰς αὐτὴν εἰσιέναι ὁ Χριστὸς, πῶς αὐτὴν ἐκόσμησεν ἐκεῖνος. Οὐ γὰρ ἔδραμε πρὸς τοὺς γείτονας, ἀμφίθυρα αἰτῶν καὶ καθέδρας καὶ βάθρα ἐξ ἐλέφαντος πεποιημένα, οὐδὲ ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ τῶν ταμιείων τὰ ἐπιβλήματα τὰ Λακωνικά: ἀλλ' ἐκόσμησε κόσμῳ τῷ Χριστῷ πρέποντι. Τίς δὲ οὗτος ἦν; Τὰ ἡμίση τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου δώσω, φησὶ, πτωχοῖς, καὶ οὗ ἂν ἥρπασα, τετραπλασίονα ἀποδώσω. Οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς κοσμῶμεν τὰς οἰκίας, ἵνα καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰσέλθῃ ὁ Χριστός. Ταῦτα καλὰ τὰ ἀμφίθυρα, ταῦτα ἐν οὐρανοῖς κατασκευάζεται, ἐκεῖ ὑφαίνεται. Ἔνθα ἂν ταῦτα ᾖ, ἐκεῖ καὶ ὁ τῶν οὐρανῶν Βασιλεύς. Ἂν δὲ ἑτέρως κοσμῇς, τὸν διάβολον καλεῖς, καὶ τὸν ἐκείνου χορόν. Ἦλθε καὶ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ τελώνου Ματθαίου. Τί οὖν καὶ οὗτος ἐποίησε; Τῇ προθυμίᾳ πρότερον ἑαυτὸν ἐκόσμησε, καὶ τῷ πάντα ἀφεῖναι καὶ ἀκολουθῆσαι αὐτῷ. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Κορνήλιος ἐκόσμει τὴν οἰκίαν εὐχαῖς καὶ ἐλεημοσύναις: διὸ καὶ μέχρι σήμερον ὑπὲρ αὐτὰ λάμπει τὰ βασίλεια. Καὶ γὰρ οἰκίας εὐτέλεια, οὐ σκεύη κείμενα ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ κλίνη ἠμελημένη, οὐδὲ τοῖχοι καπνοῦ γέμοντες, ἀλλ' ἡ τῶν ἐνοικούντων κακία. Καὶ δείκνυσιν ὁ Χριστός: εἰς μὲν γὰρ τὴν τοιαύτην, ἂν ᾖ ἐνάρετος ὁ κατοικῶν, οὐκ ἐπαισχύνεται εἰσελθεῖν: εἰς δὲ ἐκείνην, κἂν χρυσοῦν ὄροφον ἔχῃ, οὐδέποτε εἰσελεύσεται. Ὥστε αὕτη μὲν τῶν βασιλείων λαμπροτέρα, τὸν πάντων Δεσπότην δεχομένη: ἐκείνη δὲ, μετὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου τοῦ χρυσοῦ καὶ τῶν κιόνων, ἀμάραις καὶ ὀχετοῖς ἔοικεν ἀκαθάρτοις, σκεύη τοῦ διαβόλου ἔχουσα. Ταῦτα δὲ ἡμῖν οὐ περὶ τῶν πλουτούντων εἰς δέον, ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν πλεονεκτούντων καὶ φιλαργύρων εἴρηται. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκεῖ σπουδὴ, οὐδὲ φροντὶς ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀναγκαίων, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τοῦ γαστρίζεσθαι καὶ μεθύειν, καὶ ἕτερα τοιαῦτα ἀσχημονεῖν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ὑπὲρ τοῦ φιλοσοφεῖν. Διὰ ταῦτα οὐδαμοῦ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς οἰκίαν λαμπρὰν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν τοῦ τελώνου καὶ ἀρχιτελώνου καὶ ἁλιέως, τὰ βασίλεια ἀφεὶς, καὶ τοὺς τὰ μαλακὰ ἐνδεδυμένους ἱμάτια. Εἰ τοίνυν αὐτὸν βούλει καλέσαι καὶ σὺ, κόσμησον τὴν οἰκίαν ἐλεημοσύναις, εὐχαῖς, ἱκετηρίαις, παννυχίσι. Ταῦτα τοῦ βασιλέως Χριστοῦ τὰ ἀναθήματα, ἐκεῖνα δὲ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ, τοῦ ἐχθροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Μηδεὶς τοίνυν ἐγκαλυπτέσθω οἰκίαν ἔχων εὐτελῆ, ἂν ταῦτα ἔχῃ τὰ ἐπιβλήματα: μηδεὶς πλούσιος φρονείτω μέγα, οἰκίαν ἔχων πολυτελῆ, ἀλλ' ἐγκαλυπτέσθω μᾶλλον, καὶ ταύτην ζηλούτω, ἐκείνην ἀφείς: ἵνα καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὸν Χριστὸν ὑποδέξηται, καὶ ἐκεῖ τῶν αἰωνίων ἀπολαύσῃ σκηνῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.