Homily LXXXVII.

Matt. XXVII. 27-29.

“Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall,3087   Greek, “Prætorium;” comp. Mark xv. 16, A.V.—R.]and gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers; and they stripped Him, and put on Him a purple robe; and when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it on His head, and a reed in His right hand; and they bowed the knee before Him, and mocked Him, saying, Hail, king of the Jews.”3088   [The Greek text, as given by Field, agrees throughout with the received.—R.]

As though on some signal the devil then was entering in triumph3089   ἐχρευεν.into all. For, be it that Jews pining with envy and jealousy were mad against Him, as to the soldiers, whence was it, and from what sort of cause? Is it not clear that it was the devil who was then entering in fury into the hearts of all? For indeed they made a pleasure of their insults against Him, being a savage and ruthless set. I mean that, when they ought to have been awestruck, when they ought to have wept, which even the people did, this they did not, but, on the contrary, were despiteful, and insolent; perhaps themselves also seeking to please the Jews, or it may be doing all in conformity to their own evil nature.

And the insults were different, and varied. For that Divine Head at one time they buffeted, at another they insulted with the crown of thorns, at another they smote with the reed, men unholy and accursed!

What plea shall we have after this for being moved by injuries, after Christ suffered these things? For what was done was the utmost limit of insolence. For not one member, but the whole entire body throughout was made an object of insolence; the head through the crown, and the reed, and the buffeting; the face, being spit upon; the cheeks, being smitten with the palms of the hands; the whole body by the stripes, by being wrapped in the robe, and by the pretended worship; the hand by the reed, which they gave him to hold instead of a sceptre; the mouth again by the offering of the vinegar. What could be more grievous than these things? What more insulting?

For the things that were done go beyond all language. For as though they were afraid lest they should seem to fall short at all in the crime, having killed the prophets with their own hands, but this man with the sentence of a judge, so they do in every deed; and make it the work of their own hands, and condemn and sentence both among themselves and before Pilate, saying, “His blood be on us and on our children,”3090   Matt. xxvii. 25.and insult Him, and do despite unto Him themselves, binding Him, leading Him away, and render themselves authors of the spiteful acts done by the soldiers, and nail Him to the cross, and revile Him, and spit at Him, and deride Him. For Pilate contributed nothing in this matter, but they themselves did every thing, becoming accusers, and judges, and executioners, and all.

And these things are read amongst us, when all meet together. For that the heathens may not say, that ye display to people and nations the things that are glorious and illustrious, such as the signs and the miracles, but that ye hide these which are matters of reproach; the grace of the Spirit hath brought it to pass, that in the full festival, when men in multitude and women are present, and all, as one may say, at the great eve of the passover, then all these things should be read; when the whole world is present, then are all these acts proclaimed with a clear voice. And these being read, and made known to all, Christ is believed to be God and, besides all the rest, is worshipped, even because of this, that He vouchsafed to stoop so much for us as actually to suffer these things, and to teach us all virtue.

These things then let us read continually; for indeed great is the gain, great the advantage to be thence obtained. For when thou seest Him, both by gestures and by deeds, mocked and worshipped with so much derision, and beaten and suffering the utmost insults, though thou be very stone, thou wilt become softer than any wax, and wilt cast out of thy soul all haughtiness.

Hear therefore also what follows. For after “they had mocked Him, they led Him to crucify Him,”3091   Matt. xxvii. 31. [ἤγαγον for ἀπγαγον.]it is said, and when they had stripped Him, they took His garments, and sat down and watched Him, when He should die. And they divide His garments amongst them, which sort of thing is done in the case of very vile and abject criminals, and such as have no one belonging to them, and are in utter desolation.

They parted the garments, by which such great miracles were done. But they wrought none now, Christ restraining His unspeakable power. And this was no small addition of insult. For as to one base and abject, as I said, and the vilest of all men; so do they dare to do all things. To the thieves at any rate they did nothing of the kind, but to Christ they dare it all. And they crucified Him in the midst of them, that He might share in their reputation.

And they gave Him gall to drink, and this to insult Him, but He would not. But another saith, that having tasted it, He said, “It is finished.”3092   John xix. 30. And what meaneth, “It is finished?” The prophecy was fulfilled concerning Him. “For they gave me,” it is said, “gall for my meat, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.”3093   Ps. lxix. 21. But neither doth that evangelist indicate that He drank, for merely to taste differs not from not drinking, but hath one and the same signification.

But nevertheless not even here doth their contumely stop, but after having stripped and crucified Him, and offered Him vinegar, they proceeded still further, and beholding Him impaled upon the cross, they revile Him, both they themselves and the passers by; and this was more grievous than all, that on the charge of being an impostor and deceiver He suffered these things, and as a boaster, and vainly pretending what He said. Therefore they both crucified Him publicly, that they might make a show of it in the sight of all; and therefore also they did it by the hands of the soldiers, that these things being perpetrated even by a public tribunal, the insult might be the greater.

2. And yet who would not have been moved by the multitude that was following Him, and lamenting Him? Nay, not these wild beasts. Wherefore also He to the multitude vouchsafes an answer, but to these men not so. For after having done what they would, they endeavor also to injure His honor, fearing His resurrection. Therefore they say these things publicly, and crucified thieves with Him, and wishing to prove Him a deceiver, they say, “Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days come down from the cross.”3094   Matt. xxvii. 40. For since on telling Pilate to remove the accusation (this was the writing, “The king of the Jews”), they prevailed not, but he persevered in saying, “What I have written, I have written,”3095   John xix. 22.they then endeavor by their derision of Him to show that He is not a king.

Wherefore they said those things, and also these. If “He is the king of Israel, let Him come down now from the cross. He saved others, Himself He cannot save,”3096   Matt. xxvii. 42.aiming hereby to bring discredit even on His former miracles. And again, “If He be Son of God, and He will have Him, let Him save Him.”3097   Matt. xxvii. 43. [In the citations from verses 40–43, the exact order is not preserved, but the only textual variation is in the clause, “let Him save Him,” which does not occur in the Gospels. “If” is read, with the received text, in verse 42.—R.]

O execrable; most execrable! What, were not the prophets prophets, nor the righteous men righteous, because God rescued them not out of their dangers. Nay surely they were, though suffering these things. What then could be equal to your folly? For if the coming of the dangers upon them did not injure their honor with you, how much more in the case of this man, was it wrong for you to be offended, when both by what He did, by what He said, He was ever correcting beforehand this suspicion of yours.

Yet nevertheless, even when these things were said and done, they prevailed nothing, not even at the very time. At any rate, he, who was depraved in such great wickedness, and who had spent his whole life in murders and house-breakings, when these things were being said, then confessed Him, and made mention of a kingdom, and the people bewailed Him. And yet the things that were done seemed to testify the contrary in the eyes of those who knew not the mysterious dispensations, that He was weak and of no power, nevertheless truth prevailed even by the contrary things.

Hearing then these things, let us arm ourselves against all rage, against all anger. Shouldest thou perceive thy heart swelling, seal thy breast setting upon it the cross. Call to mind some one of the things that then took place, and thou wilt cast out as dust all rage by the recollection of the things that were done. Consider the words, the actions; consider that He is Lord, and thou servant. He is suffering for thee, thou for thyself; He in behalf of them who had been benefited by Him and had crucified Him, thou in behalf of thyself; He in behalf of them who had used Him despitefully, thou oftentimes at the hands of them who have been injured. He in the sight of the whole city, or rather of the whole people of the Jews, both strangers, and those of the country, before whom He spake those merciful words, but thou in the presence of few; and what was more insulting to Him, that even His disciples forsook Him. For those, who before paid Him attention, had deserted Him, but His enemies and foes, having got Him in the midst of themselves on the cross, insulted, reviled, mocked, derided, scoffed at Him, Jews and soldiers from below, from above thieves on either side: for indeed the thieves insulted, and upbraided Him both of them. How then saith Luke that one “rebuked?”3098   Luke xxiii. 40. Both things were done, for at first both upbraided Him, but afterwards one did so no more. For that thou mightest not think the thing had been done by any agreement, or that the thief was not a thief, by his insolence he showeth thee, that up on the cross he was a thief and an enemy, and at once was changed.

Considering then all these things, control thyself. For what sufferest thou like what thy Lord suffered? Wast thou publicly insulted? But not like these things. Art thou mocked? yet not thy whole body, not being thus scourged, and stripped. And even if thou wast buffeted, yet not like this.

3. And add to this, I pray thee, by whom, and wherefore, and when, and who it was; and (the most grievous matter) that these things being done, no one found fault, no one blamed what was done, but on the contrary all rather approved, and joined in mocking Him and in jeering at Him; and as a boaster, impostor, and deceiver, and not able to prove in His works the things that He said, so did they revile Him. But He held His peace to all, preparing for us the most powerful incentives to long suffering.

But we, though hearing such things, are not patient so much as to servants, but we rush and kick worse than wild asses, with respect to injuries against ourselves, being savage and inhuman; but of those against God not making much account. And with respect to friends too we have the same disposition; should any one vex us, we bear it not; should he insult us, we are savage more than wild beasts, we who are reading these things every day. A disciple betrayed Him, the rest forsook Him and fled, they that had been benefited by Him spat at Him, the servants of the high priest smote Him with the palm of the hand, the soldiers buffeted Him; they that passed by jeered Him and reviled Him, the thieves accused Him; and to no man did He utter a word, but by silence overcame all; instructing thee by His actions, that the more meekly thou shalt endure, the more wilt thou prevail over them that do thee evil, and wilt be an object of admiration before all. For who will not admire him that endures with forbearance the insults he receives from them that are using him despitefully? For even as, though any man suffer justly, yet enduring the evil meekly, he is considered by the more part to suffer unjustly; so though one suffer unjustly, yet if he be violent, he will get the suspicion of suffering justly, and will be an object of ridicule, as being dragged captive by his anger, and losing his own nobility. For such a one, we must not call so much as a freeman, though he be lord over ten thousand servants.

But did some person exceedingly provoke thee? And what of that? For then should self-control be shown, since when there is no one to vex, we see even the wild beasts gentle; for neither are they always savage, but when any one rouses them. And we therefore, if we are only then quiet, when there is no one provoking us, what advantage have we over them. For they are both oftentimes justly indignant, and have much excuse, for by being stirred and goaded are they roused, and besides these things they are devoid of reason, and have savageness in their nature.

But whence, I pray thee, canst thou find a plea for being savage and fierce? What hardship hast thou suffered? Hast thou been robbed? For this self-same reason shouldest thou endure it, so as to gain more amply. But wast thou deprived of character? And what is this? Thy condition is in no way worsened by this, if thou practise self-command. But if thou sufferest no grievance, whence art thou angry with him that hath done thee no harm, but hath even benefited thee? For they who honor, make them that are not watchful the more vain; but they who insult and despise render those that take heed to themselves more steadfast. For the careless are more injured by being honored than by being insulted. And the one set of persons, if we be sober, become to us authors of self-control, but the others excite our pride, they fill us with boastfulness, vainglory, folly, they make our soul the feebler.

And to this fathers bear witness, who do not flatter their own children so much as they chide them, fearing lest from the praise they should receive any harm, and their teachers use the same remedy to them. So that if we are to avoid any one, it should be those that flatter us rather than those that insult us; for this bait brings greater mischief than insult to them, who do not take heed, and it is more difficult to control this feeling than that. And the reward too is far more abundant from thence, and the admiration greater. For indeed it is more worthy of admiration to see a man insulted, and not moved, than beaten and smitten, and not falling.

And how is it possible not to be moved? one may say. Hath any one insulted thee? Place the sign upon thy breast, call to mind all the things that were then done; and all is quenched. Consider not the insults only, but if also any good hath been ever done unto thee, by him that hath insulted thee, and straightway thou wilt become meek, or rather consider before all things the fear of God, and soon thou wilt be mild and gentle.

4. Together with these things even from thine own servants take a lesson concerning these matters; and when thou seest thyself insulting, but thy servant holding his peace, consider that it is possible to practise self-control, and condemn thyself for being violent; and in the very time of offering insults learn not to insult; and thus not even when insulted, wilt thou be vexed. Consider that he who is insolent is beside himself and mad, and thou wilt not feel indignant, when insulted, since the possessed strike us, and we, so far from being provoked, do rather pity them. This do thou also; pity him that is insolent to thee, for he is held in subjection by a dreadful monster, rage, by a grievous demon, anger. Set him free as he is wrought upon by a grievous demon, and going quickly to ruin. For so great is this disease as not to need even time for the destruction of him that is seized with it. Wherefore also one said, “The sway of his fury shall be his fall;”3099   Ecclus. i. 22.by this most of all showing its tyranny, that in a short time it works great ills, and needs not to continue long with us, so that if in addition to its strength it were apt to last, it would indeed be hard to strive against.

I should like to show what the man is who insulteth, what he that practises self-control, and to bring nakedly before you the soul of the one and the other. For thou shouldest see the one like a sea tost with a tempest, but the other like a harbor free from disturbance. For it is not disturbed by these evil blasts, but puts them to rest easily. For indeed they who are insulting, do everything in order to make it sting. When then they fail of that hope, even they are thenceforth at peace, and go away amended. For it is impossible that a man, who is angry, should not utterly condemn himself, even as on the other hand it is impossible for one who is not angry to be self-condemned. For though it be necessary to retaliate, it is possible to do this without anger (and it were more easy and more wise than with anger) and to have no painful feeling. For if we be willing, the good things will be from ourselves, and we shall be with the grace of God sufficient for our own safety and honor.

For why seekest thou the glory that cometh from another? Do thou honor thyself, and no one will be able to insult thee; but if thou dishonor thyself, though all should honor thee, thou wilt not be honored. For like as, unless we put ourselves in an evil state, no one else puts us in such a state; even so unless we insult ourselves, no one else can put us to shame.

For let any man be great and worthy of admiration, and let all men call him an adulterer, a thief, a violater of tombs, a murderer, a robber, and let him be neither provoked or indignant, nor be conscious to himself of any of these crimes, what disgrace will he thence undergo? None. What then, you may say, if many have such an opinion of him? Not even so is he disgraced, but they bring shame upon themselves, by accounting one, who is not such, to be such. For tell me, if any one think the sun to be dark, doth he bring an ill name on that heavenly body, or on himself? Surely on himself, getting himself the character of being blind or mad. So also they that account wicked men good, and they that make the opposite error, disgrace themselves.

Wherefore we ought to give the greater diligence, to keep our conscience clear, and to give no handle against ourselves, nor matter for evil suspicion; but if others will be mad, even when this is our disposition, not to care very much, nor to grieve. For he that hath got the character of a wicked man, being a good man, is in no degree thereby hurt as regards his being such as he is; but he that hath been suspecting another vainly and causelessly, receives the utmost harm; as, on the other hand, the wicked man, if he be supposed to be the contrary, will gain nothing thence, but will both have a heavier judgment, and be led into greater carelessness. For he that is such and is suspected thereof, may perhaps be humbled, and acknowledge his sins; but when he escapes detection, he falls into a state past feeling. For if, while all are accusing them, offenders are hardly stirred up to compunction, when so far from accusing them, some even praise them, at what time will they who are living in vice be able to open their eyes? Hearest thou that Paul also blames for this, that the Corinthians (so far from permitting him that had been guilty of fornication, to acknowledge his own sin), applauding and honoring him, did on the contrary urge him on in vice thereby? Wherefore, I pray, let us leave the suspicions of the multitude, their insults and their honors, and let us be diligent about one thing only, that we be conscious to ourselves of no evil thing, nor insult our own selves. For so both here, and in the world to come, we shall enjoy much glory, unto which God grant we all may attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΠΖʹ. Τότε οἱ στρατιῶται τοῦ ἡγεμόνος παραλαβόντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, συνήγαγον ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὅλην τὴν σπεῖραν: καὶ ἐκδύσαντες αὐτὸν, περιέθηκαν αὐτῷ χλαμύδα κοκκίνην: καὶ πλέ ξαντες στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ κάλαμον ἐπὶ τὴν δεξιὰν αὐ τοῦ. Καὶ γονυπετήσαντες ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ, ἐνέπαιζον αὐτῷ λέγοντες: Χαῖρε, ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων. αʹ. Ὥσπερ ἔκ τινος συνθήματος ὁ διάβολος εἰς πάντας τότε ἐχόρευεν. Ἔστω γὰρ, Ἰουδαῖοι φθόνῳ καὶ βασκανίᾳ τηκόμενοι ἐπαροίνουν εἰς αὐτόν: οἱ στρατιῶται πόθεν καὶ ἐκ ποίας αἰτίας; Οὐκ εὔδηλον ὅτι ὁ διάβολος ἦν ὁ τότε βακχεύων εἰς πάντας; Καὶ γὰρ τέρψεις ἐποίουν τὰς εἰς αὐτὸν ὕβρεις, ὠμοὶ καὶ ἀνήμεροί τινες ὄντες. Δέον γὰρ συσταλῆναι, δέον δακρῦσαι, ὅπερ καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἔπασχε, τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἐποίουν, τοὐναντίον δὲ, ὕβριζον καὶ ἐνήλλοντο, ἴσως καὶ αὐτοὶ χαριζόμενοι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, ἢ καὶ κατ' οἰκείαν δυστροπίαν ἅπαντα πράττοντες. Καὶ αἱ ὕβρεις διάφοροι καὶ ποικίλαι. Τὴν γὰρ θείαν κεφαλὴν ἐκείνην ποτὲ μὲν ἐκολάφιζον, ποτὲ δὲ τῷ στεφάνῳ τῶν ἀκανθῶν καθύβριζον, ποτὲ δὲ τῷ καλάμῳ ἔτυπτον, ἄνδρες μιαροὶ καὶ ἐναγεῖς. Τίς ἡμῖν ἔσται λόγος λοιπὸν ἐπὶ ὕβρεσι κινουμένοις, μετὰ τὸ τὸν Χριστὸν ταῦτα παθεῖν; Καὶ γὰρ ἔσχατος ὅρος ὕβρεως τὸ γινόμενον ἦν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέλος ἓν, ἀλλ' ἅπαν τὸ σῶμα ὅλον διόλου ὑβρίζετο: ἡ κεφαλὴ διὰ τοῦ στεφάνου καὶ τοῦ καλάμου καὶ τοῦ κολαφίζεσθαι: τὸ πρόσωπον ἐμπτυόμενον: αἱ σιαγόνες ῥαπιζόμεναι: τὸ σῶμα ὅλον διὰ τῶν μαστίγων, διὰ τῆς περιβολῆς τῆς χλανίδος, καὶ τῆς προσποιητῆς προσκυνήσεως: ἡ χεὶρ διὰ τοῦ καλάμου, ὃν ἔδωκαν ἀντὶ σκήπτρου κατέχειν αὐτόν: τὸ στόμα πάλιν διὰ τῆς τοῦ ὄξους προσκομιδῆς. Τί τούτων γένοιτ' ἂν χαλεπώτερον; τί ὑβριστικώτερον; Πάντα γὰρ λόγον ὑπερβαίνει τὰ γεγενημένα. Καθάπερ γὰρ δεδοικότες, μὴ δόξωσιν ἐλλιμπάνειν τι τοῦ τολμήματος, τοὺς μὲν προφήτας οἰκείαις ἀνελόντες χερσὶ, τοῦτον δὲ ψήφῳ δικαστοῦ, οὕτως ἅπαντα πράττουσι: καὶ αὐτόχειρες γίνονται, καὶ κατακρίνουσι, καὶ παρ' ἑαυτοῖς καταδικάζουσι καὶ παρὰ τῷ Πιλάτῳ, λέγοντες, Τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐφ' ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν: καὶ ἐνάλλονται καὶ ὑβρίζουσι δι' ἑαυτῶν, δεσμοῦντες, ἀπάγοντες, καὶ τῶν ὕβρεων τῶν ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν αἴτιοι καθίστανται: καὶ προσηλοῦσι, καὶ λοιδοροῦνται, καὶ ἐμπτύουσι, καὶ κωμῳδοῦσιν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ὁ Πιλάτος εἰσήνεγκεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα αὐτοὶ ἐποίουν, καὶ κατήγοροι, καὶ δικασταὶ, καὶ δήμιοι, καὶ πάντα γινόμενοι. Καὶ ταῦτα ἀναγινώσκεται παρ' ἡμῖν, ὅταν πάντες συνέρχωνται. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ λέγωσιν Ἕλληνες, ὅτι Τὰ μὲν λαμπρὰ καὶ περιφανῆ, οἷον τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ θαύματα, ἐπιδείκνυσθε τοῖς δήμοις καὶ τοῖς λαοῖς, τὰ δὲ ἐπονείδιστα ταῦτα ἀποκρύπτεσθε: ᾠκονόμησεν ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος χάρις, ἐν πανδήμῳ ἑορτῇ, ὅταν ἄνδρες παμπληθεὶ καὶ γυναῖκες παρῶσι, καὶ πάντες ἁπλῶς κατὰ τὴν μεγάλην τοῦ πάσχα ἑσπέραν, τότε ταῦτα πάντα ἀναγινώσκεσθαι: ὅταν ἡ οἰκουμένη πᾶσα παρῇ, τότε λαμπρᾷ ταῦτα ἀνακηρύττεται τῇ φωνῇ. Καὶ τούτων ἀναγινωσκομένων, καὶ πᾶσι γνωριζομένων, ὁ Χριστὸς πιστεύεται εἶναι Θεός: καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ διὰ ταῦτα προσκυνεῖται, ὅτι τοσοῦτον ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν καταβῆναι κατηξίωσεν, ὡς καὶ ταῦτα παθεῖν, καὶ παιδεῦσαι πᾶσαν ἡμᾶς ἀρετήν. Ταῦτα τοίνυν διαπαντὸς ἀναγινώσκωμεν: καὶ γὰρ πολὺ τὸ κέρδος, μεγίστη ἐντεῦθεν ἡ ὠφέλεια. Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδῃς καὶ σχήμασι καὶ πράγμασιν αὐτὸν χλευαζόμενον, καὶ προσκυνούμενον μετὰ τοσαύτης κωμῳδίας, καὶ κονδυλιζόμενον, καὶ τὰ ἔσχατα πάσχοντα, κἂν αὐτόλιθος ᾖς, κηροῦ γενήσῃ παντὸς ἁπαλώτερος, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐκβαλεῖς ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς φλεγμονήν. Ἄκουε τοίνυν καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐνέπαιξαν, Ἤγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ σταυρῶσαι, φησὶ, καὶ γυμνώσαντες ἔλαβον αὐτοῦ τὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ καθήμενοι ἐτήρουν αὐτὸν, πότε ἀποπνεύσει. Καὶ διανέμονται αὐτοῦ τὰ ἱμάτια: ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῶν σφόδρα εὐτελῶν καὶ ἀπεῤῥιμμένων γίνεται καταδίκων, καὶ οὐδένα ἐχόντων, καὶ ἐπ' ἐρημίας ὑπαρχόντων ἁπάσης. Ἐμέριζον τὰ ἱμάτια, δι' ὧν τηλικαῦτα γέγονε θαύματα. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἐνήργει τότε, τοῦ Χριστοῦ κατέχοντος τὴν ἀπόῤῥητον δύναμιν. Οὐ μικρὰ δὲ καὶ αὕτη προσθήκη παροινίας ἦν. Ὡς γὰρ εἰς ἄτιμον καὶ ἀπεῤῥιμμένον, ὅπερ ἔφην, καὶ τὸν πάντων εὐτελέστατον, οὕτω πάντα ἐτόλμων. Εἰς γοῦν τοὺς λῃστὰς οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον εἰργάσαντο, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν ἅπαντα ἐτόλμων. Καὶ μέσον αὐτὸν ἐσταύρωσαν, ἵνα τῇ δόξῃ τῇ ἐκείνων κοινωνήσῃ. Καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ ὄξος πιεῖν, καὶ τοῦτο ἐνυβρίζοντες: ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν. Ἕτερος δέ φησιν, ὅτι γευσάμενος εἶπε, Τετέλεσται. Τί δέ ἐστι, Τετέλεσται; Ἡ προφητεία πεπλήρωται ἡ περὶ αὐτοῦ. Ἔδωκαν γὰρ, φησὶν, εἰς τὸ βρῶμά μου χολὴν, καὶ εἰς τὴν δίψαν μου ἐπότισάν με ὄξος. Οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνος δὲ δείκνυσιν ὅτι ἔπιεν: οὐδὲν γὰρ διέστηκε τὸ ἁπλῶς γεύσασθαι τοῦ μὴ πιεῖν, ἀλλ' ἕν τι καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ δηλοῖ. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα ἵσταται τὰ τῆς παροινίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ γυμνώσαντες, καὶ σταυρώσαντες, καὶ ὄξος προσενεγκόντες, περαιτέρω προβαίνουσι: καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ βλέποντες ἀνεσκολοπισμένον, ὀνειδίζουσι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ παραπορευόμενοι: ἃ πάντων χαλεπώτερα ἦν, τὸ καὶ ἐπὶ αἰτίᾳ ἀπατεῶνος καὶ πλάνου ταῦτα παθεῖν, καὶ ὡς ἀλαζόνα, καὶ εἰκῆ κομπάζοντα ἅπερ ἔλεγε. Διὰ ταῦτα αὐτὸν καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν δημοσίᾳ, ἵνα πάντων ὁρώντων ἐμπομπεύσωσι: διὰ τοῦτο καὶ χερσὶ ταῖς στρατιωτικαῖς, ἵνα καὶ ἐν δημοσίῳ δικαστηρίῳ τούτων τολμωμένων, τὰ τῆς παροινίας ἐπιτείνηται. βʹ. Καίτοι τίνα οὐκ ἂν ἔκαμψεν ὁ ὄχλος ὁ ἀκολουθῶν αὐτῷ καὶ θρηνῶν; Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ τοὺς θῆρας τούτους. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς ἐκείνους μὲν ἀποκρίσεως ἀξιοῖ, τούτους δὲ οὐκέτι. Μετὰ γὰρ τὸ πρᾶξαι ἅπερ ἤθελον, καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ σπουδάζουσι λυμήνασθαι, δεδοικότες αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀνάστασιν. Διὰ τοῦτο δημοσίᾳ ταῦτα λέγουσι, καὶ λῃστὰς συνεσταύρωσαν, καὶ βουλόμενοι δεῖξαι ἀπατεῶνα, ἔλεγον: Ὁ καταλύων τὸν ναὸν, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις οἰκοδομῶν, κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰπόντες τῷ Πιλάτῳ ἀνελεῖν τὴν αἰτίαν, (αὕτη δὲ ἦν τὸ γεγράφθαι, Ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων:) οὐδὲν ἴσχυσαν, ἀλλ' ἐνεστήκει λέγων ἐκεῖνος, Ὃ γέγραφα, γέγραφα: αὐτοὶ λοιπὸν ἐπειρῶντο, δι' ὧν ἐχλεύαζον, δεῖξαι ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι βασιλεύς. Διὸ καὶ ἐκεῖνα ἔλεγον, καὶ ταῦτα: Εἰ βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστι, καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ: καὶ πάλιν, Ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι: καὶ τὰ πρότερα σημεῖα ἐντεῦθεν ἐπιχειροῦντες διαβάλλειν: καὶ πάλιν Εἰ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστι, καὶ θέλει αὐτὸν, σωσάτω αὐτόν. Ὦ μιαροὶ καὶ παμμίαροι! Τί δέ; οἱ προφῆται οὐκ ἦσαν προφῆται, οὐδὲ οἱ δίκαιοι δίκαιοι, ἐπειδὴ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐξήρπασε τῶν κινδύνων ὁ Θεός; Ἀλλὰ μὴν ἦσαν, καὶ ταῦτα πάσχοντες. Τί οὖν ἴσον τῆς ἀνοίας ὑμῶν γένοιτ' ἄν; Εἰ γὰρ ἐκείνων οὐκ ἐλυμήνατο παρ' ὑμῖν τὴν δόξαν ἡ τῶν κινδύνων ἐπαγωγὴ, ἀλλ' ἦσαν προφῆται καὶ πάσχοντες ἅπερ ἔπασχον: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τούτου οὐκ ἐχρῆν ὑμᾶς σκανδαλίζεσθαι, καὶ δι' ὧν ἐποίησε καὶ δι' ὧν εἶπεν, ἀεὶ ταύτην ὑμῶν προδιορθωσαμένου τὴν ὑπόνοιαν. Ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ τούτων λεγομένων καὶ γενομένων οὐδὲν ἴσχυσαν, οὐδὲ παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καιρόν. Ὁ γοῦν ἐν ἐσχάτῃ πονηρίᾳ κατασαπεὶς, καὶ ἐν φόνοις καὶ τοιχωρυχίαις τὸν ἅπαντα καταναλώσας βίον, ὅτε ταῦτα ἐλέγετο, τότε αὐτὸν ὡμολόγησε, καὶ βασιλείας ἐμνημόνευσε: καὶ ὁ δῆμος αὐτὸν ὠλοφύρετο. Καίτοιγε ἐδόκει τἀναντία μαρτυρεῖν τὰ γινόμενα παρὰ τοῖς οὐκ εἰδόσι τοῦ μυστηρίου τὴν οἰκονομίαν, ὅτι ἀσθενὴς καὶ οὐδὲν δυνάμενος: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων ἴσχυσε. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἀκούοντες, ὁπλίζωμεν ἑαυτοὺς κατὰ παντὸς θυμοῦ, κατὰ πάσης ὀργῆς. Κἂν φλεγμαίνουσαν ἴδῃς τὴν καρδίαν σου, σφράγισον τὸ στῆθος, τὸν σταυρὸν ἐπιθείς: ἀνάμνησόν τι τῶν τότε συμβάντων, καὶ ὥσπερ κονιορτὸν ἐκβαλεῖς πάντα θυμὸν τῶν γεγενημένων τῇ μνήμῃ. Ἐννόησον τὰ ῥήματα, τὰ πράγματα: ἐννόησον ὅτι ἐκεῖνος Δεσπότης, σὺ δὲ δοῦλος: ἐκεῖνος διὰ σὲ, σὺ δὲ διὰ σαυτόν: ἐκεῖνος ὑπὲρ τῶν εὐεργετηθέντων καὶ σταυρωσάντων, σὺ δὲ ὑπὲρ σαυτοῦ: ἐκεῖνος ὑπὲρ τῶν ὑβρικότων, σὺ δὲ πολλάκις ὑπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἀδικηθέντων: ἐκεῖνος τῆς πόλεως ὁρώσης ἁπάσης, μᾶλλον δὲ τοῦ δήμου παντὸς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ τῶν ξένων καὶ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων, ἐφ' ὧν τὰ φιλάνθρωπα ἐφθέγξατο ῥήματα, σὺ δὲ ὀλίγων παρόντων: καὶ τὸ μεῖζον εἰς ὕβριν, τὸ καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτὸν ἐγκαταλιπεῖν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἔμπροσθεν θεραπεύοντες ἀπεπήδησαν: οἱ δὲ ἐχθροὶ καὶ πολέμιοι ἀνεσκολοπισμένον ἐν μέσῳ λαβόντες ὕβριζον. ἐλοιδόρουν, ἐκωμῴδουν, ἐγέλων, ἐχλεύαζον: Ἰουδαῖοι, στρατιῶται κάτωθεν: ἄνωθεν, ἑκατέρωθεν λῃσταί: καὶ γὰρ οἱ λῃσταὶ ὕβριζον αὐτὸν καὶ ὠνείδιζον ἀμφότεροι. Πῶς οὖν ὁ Λουκᾶς φησιν, ὅτι ὁ εἷς ἐπετίμα; Ἀμφότερα γέγονε: πρότερον μὲν γὰρ ἀμφότεροι ὠνείδιζον, ὕστερον δὲ οὐκέτι. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃς ἔκ τινος συνθήματος τὸ πρᾶγμα γεγενῆσθαι, μηδὲ εἶναι λῃστὴν τὸν λῃστὴν, ἀπὸ τῆς ὕβρεως δείκνυσί σοι, ὅτι ἄνω ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ λῃστὴς ἦν καὶ ἐχθρὸς, καὶ ἀθρόον μετεβλήθη. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἅπαντα λογιζόμενος φιλοσόφει. Τί γὰρ πάσχεις τοιοῦτον, οἷον ἔπαθεν ὁ Δεσπότης σου; Δημοσίᾳ ὑβρίσθης; Ἀλλ' οὐ τοιαῦτα. Χλευάζῃ; Ἀλλ' οὐ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα, οὐδὲ οὕτω μαστιζόμενος καὶ γυμνούμενος. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐκολαφίσθης, ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως. γʹ. Προστίθει δέ μοι, καὶ ὑπὸ τίνων, καὶ διατί, καὶ πότε, καὶ τίς: καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτατον, ὅτι τούτων γινομένων οὐδεὶς ἐνεκάλει, οὐδεὶς ἐμέμφετο τὰ γινόμενα: ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον, καὶ ἐπῄνουν ἅπαντες, καὶ συνεχλεύαζον, καὶ συνέσκωπτον, καὶ ὡς ἀλαζόνα καὶ ἀπατεῶνα καὶ πλάνον, καὶ οὐκ ἔχοντα δεῖξαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων ἅπερ εἶπεν, οὕτως αὐτὸν ἐλοιδόρουν. Ὁ δὲ σιγᾷ πρὸς πάντα, φάρμακα μέγιστα κατασκευάζων ἡμῖν μακροθυμίας. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ταῦτα ἀκούοντες, οὐδὲ πρὸς οἰκέτας καρτεροῦμεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἀγρίων ὄνων μείζονα πηδῶμεν καὶ λακτίζομεν: ὑπὲρ μὲν τῶν εἰς ἡμᾶς ὠμοὶ καὶ ἀπάνθρωποι ὄντες, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν εἰς Θεὸν οὐ πολὺν ποιούμενοι λόγον. Καὶ περὶ φίλους δὲ ὁμοίως διακείμεθα: κἂν λυπήσῃ τις, οὐ φέρομεν: κἂν ὑβρίσῃ, θηρίων ἀγριαίνομεν μᾶλλον, οἱ καθ' ἑκάστην ταῦτα ἀναγινώσκοντες τὴν ἡμέραν. Ὁ μαθητὴς προέδωκεν: οἱ λοιποὶ καταλιπόντες αὐτὸν ἔφυγον: οἱ εὐεργετηθέντες ἐνέπτυσαν: ὁ δοῦλος τοῦ ἀρχιερέως ἐῤῥάπισεν: οἱ στρατιῶται ἐκολάφιζον: οἱ παριόντες ἔσκωπτον καὶ ἐλοιδόρουν: οἱ λῃσταὶ κατηγόρουν: καὶ πρὸς οὐδένα ἐξέβαλε ῥῆμα, ἀλλὰ τῇ σιγῇ ἅπαντας ἐνίκα, σὲ παιδεύων διὰ τῶν ἔργων, ὅτι ὅσῳ ἂν ἐνέγκῃς πράως, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον τῶν κακῶς ποιούντων κρατήσεις, καὶ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἔσῃ θαυμαστός. Τίς γὰρ οὐ θαυμάσεται τὸν ἐπιεικῶς φέροντα τὰς παρὰ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὕβρεις; Ὥσπερ γὰρ κἂν δικαίως πάσχῃ τις, τὸ κακὸν ἐνεγκὼν πράως, νομίζεται παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀδίκως πάσχειν: οὕτω κἂν ἀδίκως πάσχῃ, θρασύνηται δὲ, τοῦ δικαίως πάσχειν ὑπόνοιαν λήψεται, καὶ καταγέλαστος ἔσται, ὡς αἰχμάλωτος συρόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς, καὶ τὴν εὐγένειαν ἀπολλὺς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. Τὸν γὰρ τοιοῦτον οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερον δεῖ προσειπεῖν, κἂν μυρίων δεσπόζῃ δούλων. Ἀλλὰ σφοδρῶς σε παρώξυνεν ὁ δεῖνα; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Τότε γὰρ δεῖ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ἐνδείκνυσθαι: ὡς ὅταν μηδεὶς ὁ παρακνίζων ᾖ, καὶ τὰ θηρία ὀψόμεθα ἥμερα: οὔτε γὰρ ἐκεῖνα ἀεὶ ἀγριοῦται, ἀλλ' ὅταν αὐτά τις διεγείρῃ. Καὶ ἡμεῖς τοίνυν, ἐὰν τότε μόνον ἡσυχάζωμεν, ὅταν μηδεὶς ὁ παροξύνων ᾖ, τί τὸ πλέον; Ἐκεῖνα μὲν γὰρ καὶ δικαίως ἀγανακτεῖ πολλάκις, καὶ πολλὴν ἔχει τὴν ἀπολογίαν: καὶ γὰρ κινούμενα καὶ νυττόμενα διεγείρεται: χωρὶς δὲ τούτων, καὶ λογισμῶν ἐστιν ἐστερημένα, καὶ ἐν τῇ φύσει τὸ θηριοῦσθαι ἔχει. Σὺ δὲ πόθεν, εἰπέ μοι, θηριούμενος καὶ ἀγριαίνων δυνήσῃ συγγνώμης τυχεῖν; Τί πέπονθας δεινόν; ἡρπάγης; Δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο δεῖ ἐνεγκεῖν, ὥστε μειζόνως κερδᾶναι. Ἀλλὰ δόξης ἀπεστερήθης; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἠλάττωται ταύτῃ τὰ κατὰ σὲ, ἐὰν φιλοσοφῇς. Εἰ δὲ οὐδὲν πάσχεις δεινὸν, πόθεν ὀργίζῃ τῷ μηδέν σε διαθέντι κακὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὠφεληκότι; Οἱ μὲν γὰρ τιμῶντες, τοὺς μὴ νήφοντας καὶ χαυνοτέρους ποιοῦσιν: οἱ δὲ ὑβρίζοντες καὶ καταφρονοῦντες, τοὺς ἑαυτοῖς προσέχοντας καρτερικωτέρους ἐργάζονται. Οἱ γὰρ δὴ ῥᾴθυμοι τιμώμενοι μᾶλλον ἀδικοῦνται, ἢ ὑβριζόμενοι. Καὶ οὗτοι μὲν, ἐὰν νήφωμεν, αἴτιοι γίνονται φιλοσοφίας ἡμῖν: ἐκεῖνοι δὲ τὸν τῦφον ἡμῶν ἐπαίρουσιν, ἀλαζονείας, κενοδοξίας, βλακείας πληροῦσι, μαλακωτέραν ἡμῶν ἐργάζονται τὴν ψυχήν. Καὶ μαρτυροῦσιν οἱ πατέρες οἱ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν υἱοὺς οὐ τοσαῦτα κολακεύοντες ὅσα ὑβρίζουσι, δεδοικότες μή τινα ἐντεῦθεν δέξωνται βλάβην: καὶ οἱ διδάσκαλοι τούτῳ πρὸς αὐτοὺς κέχρηνται τῷ φαρμάκῳ. Ὥστε εἰ χρὴ ἀποστρέφεσθαι, κολακεύοντας μᾶλλον ἢ ὑβρίζοντας χρή: μείζονα γὰρ φέρει λύμην τῆς ὕβρεως τουτὶ τὸ δέλεαρ τοῖς μὴ προσέχουσι, καὶ δυσκολώτερον τούτου κατασχεῖν, ἢ ἐκείνου τοῦ πάθους. Καὶ ὁ μισθὸς δὲ πολλῷ πλείων ἐντεῦθεν, καὶ τὸ θαῦμα πλέον. Καὶ γὰρ θαυμαστότερον ἰδεῖν ἄνθρωπον ὑβριζόμενον καὶ μὴ κινούμενον, ἢ τυπτόμενον καὶ πληττόμενον καὶ μὴ καταπίπτοντα. Καὶ πῶς δυνατὸν μὴ κινηθῆναι; φησίν. Ὕβρισέ τις; Τὸ σημεῖον ἐπίθες τῷ στήθει: ἀναμνήσθητι πάντων τῶν τότε γενομένων, καὶ πάντα σβέννυται. Μὴ ἐννοήσῃς τὰς ὕβρεις μόνον, ἀλλ' εἰ καί τί σοι χρηστὸν γέγονέ ποτε παρὰ τοῦ ὑβρικότος, καὶ εὐθέως γενήσῃ πρᾶος. Μᾶλλον δὲ ἐννόησον πρὸ πάντων τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον, καὶ ταχέως ἔσῃ μέτριος καὶ ἐπιεικής. δʹ. Μετὰ τούτων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκετῶν τῶν σῶν λάμβανε τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων νουθεσίαν. Καὶ ὅταν ἴδῃς σαυτὸν μὲν ὑβρίζοντα, ἐκεῖνον δὲ σιγῶντα, ἐννόησον ὅτι δυνατὸν φιλοσοφεῖν, καὶ κατάγνωθι σαυτοῦ τραχυνομένου, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ τῶν ὕβρεων παιδεύθητι μὴ ὑβρίζειν, καὶ οὕτως οὐδὲ ὑβριζόμενος ἀλγήσεις. Ἐννόησον ὅτι ἐξέστηκεν ὁ ὑβρίζων καὶ μαίνεται, καὶ οὐκ ἀγανακτήσεις ὑβριζόμενος: ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ δαιμονῶντες τύπτουσιν ἡμᾶς, καὶ οὐ μόνον οὐ κινούμεθα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐλεοῦμεν αὐτούς. Τοῦτο καὶ σὺ ποίησον: ἐλέησον τὸν ὑβρίζοντα: δεινῷ γὰρ κατέχεται θηρίῳ, τῷ θυμῷ: χαλεπῷ δαίμονι, τῇ ὀργῇ. Λῦσον αὐτὸν ἐνεργούμενον ὑπὸ δαίμονος χαλεποῦ, καὶ ἐν βραχεῖ διαφθειρόμενον. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ νόσημα, ὡς μηδὲ χρόνου δεῖσθαι εἰς ἀπώλειαν τοῦ ἁλόντος. Διὸ καί τις ἔλεγεν: Ἡ γὰρ ῥοπὴ τοῦ θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ πτῶσις αὐτῷ: τούτῳ αὐτοῦ μάλιστα δεικνὺς τὸ τυραννικὸν, ὅτι ἐν βραχεῖ καιρῷ μεγάλα ἐργάζεται κακὰ, καὶ οὐ δεῖται πολλῆς τῆς διατριβῆς: ὡς εἴγε πρὸς τῇ ἰσχύϊ καὶ μόνιμον εἴη, καὶ δυσκαταγώνιστον ἔσται. Ἠβουλόμην δεῖξαι, τίς μὲν ὁ ὑβρίζων, τίς δὲ ὁ φιλοσοφῶν, καὶ γυμνὴν εἰς μέσον ἀγαγεῖν τὴν ἑκατέρου ψυχήν. Εἶδες γὰρ ἂν τὴν μὲν ἐοικυῖαν πελάγει κλυδωνιζομένῳ, τὴν δὲ λιμένι ταραχῆς ἀπηλλαγμένῳ. Οὔτε γὰρ ταράττεται ὑπὸ τῶν πονηρῶν τούτων πνευμάτων, καὶ αὐτὰ καταλύει ῥᾳδίως. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ ὑβρίζοντες πάντα ποιοῦσιν ὥστε δακεῖν: ὅταν οὖν ταύτης ἐκπέσωσι τῆς ἐλπίδος, καὶ αὐτοὶ λοιπὸν καταλύουσι, καὶ διορθωθέντες ἀπέρχονται. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἄνθρωπον ὀργιζόμενον μὴ σφόδρα καταγινώσκειν ἑαυτοῦ: ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ ἔστι μὴ ὀργιζόμενον καταγινώσκειν ἑαυτοῦ. Κἂν γὰρ ἐπεξιέναι δέῃ, ἔξεστι χωρὶς ὀργῆς τοῦτο ποιῆσαι, καὶ εὐκολώτερον καὶ συνετώτερον, ἢ μετ' ὀργῆς, καὶ μηδὲν παθεῖν ἀηδές. Ἂν γὰρ ἐθέλωμεν, παρ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἔσται, καὶ αὐτάρκεις ἐσόμεθα μετὰ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτος πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀσφάλειαν καὶ τιμήν. Τί γὰρ ζητεῖς τὴν παρ' ἑτέρου δόξαν; Σὺ σαυτὸν τίμησον, καὶ οὐδείς σε ὑβρίσαι δυνήσεται: ἂν δὲ σὺ σαυτὸν ἀτιμάσῃς, κἂν ἅπαντές σε τιμῶσιν, οὐ τιμηθήσῃ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐὰν μὴ ἑαυτοὺς κακῶς διαθῶμεν, οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς ἕτερος διαθήσει: οὕτως ἐὰν μὴ ἑαυτοὺς ὑβρίσωμεν, οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς ἕτερος καταισχυνεῖ. Ἔστω γάρ τις ἀνὴρ θαυμαστὸς καὶ μέγας, καὶ πάντες αὐτὸν μοιχὸν καλείτωσαν, κλέπτην, τυμβωρύχον, ἀνδροφόνον, λῃστήν: ἐκεῖνος δὲ μήτε παροξυνέσθω, μήτε ἀγανακτείτω, μήτε συνειδέτω τι τούτων ἑαυτῷ: ποίαν ἐντεῦθεν ὕβριν ὑπομενεῖ; Οὐδεμίαν. Τί οὖν, ἂν πολλοὶ τοιαύτην περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξαν ἔχωσι; φησίν. Οὐδὲ οὕτως ὑβρίσθη, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι ἑαυτοὺς κατῄσχυναν τὸν οὐ τοιοῦτον τοιοῦτον νομίζοντες. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἴ τις τὸν ἥλιον σκοτεινὸν εἶναι νομίζοι, ἆρα τὸ ἄστρον διέβαλεν, ἢ ἑαυτόν; Ἑαυτὸν δηλονότι, πηροῦ δόξαν ἢ μαινομένου ἑαυτῷ περιθείς. Οὕτω καὶ οἱ τοὺς πονηροὺς ἀγαθοὺς νομίζοντες, καὶ οἱ τοὐναντίον, ἑαυτοὺς καταισχύνουσι. Διὸ χρὴ πλείονα ποιεῖσθαι σπουδὴν, ὥστε τὸ συνειδὸς ἡμῶν ἐκκαθαίρειν, καὶ μηδεμίαν καθ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν παρέχειν λαβὴν, μηδὲ ὑποψίαν πονηράν: εἰ δὲ ἕτεροι βούλοιντο μαίνεσθαι, καὶ οὕτω διακειμένων ἡμῶν, μὴ σφόδρα φροντίζειν, μηδὲ ἀλγεῖν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ πονηροῦ δόξαν λαβὼν, ἀγαθὸς ὢν, οὐδὲν ἐντεῦθεν βλάπτεται εἰς τὸ εἶναι τοιοῦτος, οἷός ἐστιν: ὁ δὲ ὑποπτεύσας εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην, τὴν ἐσχάτην ἐδέξατο λύμην: ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ πονηρὸς, ἂν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ὑποπτεύηται, οὐδὲν ἐντεῦθεν κερδανεῖ, ἀλλὰ καὶ κρίμα ἕξει μεῖζον, καὶ εἰς πλείονα ἥξει ῥᾳθυμίαν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ὢν τοιοῦτος καὶ ὑποπτευόμενος, κἂν ταπεινωθείη καὶ ἐπιγνοίη τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτοῦ: ὅταν δὲ λανθάνῃ, εἰς ἀναλγησίαν ἐκπίπτει. Εἰ γὰρ πάντων κατηγορούντων μόλις διανίστανται οἱ πλημμελοῦντες εἰς τὸ κατανύττεσθαι: ὅταν μὴ μόνον μὴ κατηγορῶσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαινῶσί τινες αὐτοὺς, πότε διαβλέψαι δυνήσονται οἱ τῇ κακίᾳ συζῶντες; Οὐκ ἀκούεις, ὅτι καὶ Παῦλος τοῦτο ἐγκαλεῖ, ὅτι τὸν πεπορνευκότα οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἠφίεσαν ἐπιγνῶναι τὸ οἰκεῖον ἁμάρτημα Κορίνθιοι, κροτοῦντες, τιμῶντες αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπέτριβον εἰς κακίαν ἐντεῦθεν; Διὸ παρακαλῶ, τὰς τῶν πολλῶν ὑπονοίας ἀφέντες, καὶ τὰς ὕβρεις καὶ τὰς τιμὰς, ἓν σπουδάζωμεν μόνον, τὸ μηδὲν ἑαυτοῖς συνειδέναι πονηρὸν, μηδὲ ἑαυτοὺς καθυβρίζειν. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι πολλῆς ἀπολαυσόμεθα δόξης: ἧς γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.