Chapter XIV.

How virtuous and useful was that which Elisha did. This is compared with that oft-recounted act of the Greeks. John gave up his life for virtue’s sake, and Susanna for the same reason exposed herself to the danger of death.

86. What did Elisha follow but virtue, when he brought the army of Syria who had come to take him as captive into Samaria, after having covered their eyes with blindness? Then he said: “O Lord, open their eyes that they may see.”664    2 [4] Kings vi. 20. And they saw. But when the king of Israel wished to slay those that had entered and asked the prophet to give him leave to do so, he answered that they whose captivity was not brought about by strength of hand or weapons of war must not be slain, but that rather he should help them by supplying food. Then they were refreshed with plenty of food. And after that those Syrian robbers thought they must never again return to the land of Israel.

87. How much nobler was this than that which the Greeks once did!665    Cic. de Off. III. 11, § 49. For when two nations strove one with the other to gain glory and supreme power, and one of them had the opportunity to burn the ships of the other secretly, they thought it a shameful thing to do so, and preferred to gain a less advantage honourably than a greater one in shameful wise. They, indeed, could not act thus without disgrace to themselves, and entrap by this plot those who had banded together for the sake of ending the Persian war. Though they could deny it in word, yet they could never but blush at the thought of it. Elisha, however, wished to save, not destroy, those who were deceived indeed, though not by some foul act, and had been struck blind by the power of the Lord. For it was seemly to spare an enemy, and to grant his life to an adversary when indeed he could have taken it, had he not spared it.

88. It is plain, then, that whatever is seemly is always useful. For holy Judith by seemly disregard for her own safety put an end to the dangers of the siege, and by her own virtue won what was useful to all in common. And Elisha gained more renown by pardoning than he would have done by slaying, and preserved those enemies whom he had taken for greater usefulness.

89. And what else did John have in mind but what is virtuous, so that he could not endure a wicked union even in the king’s case, saying: “It is not lawful for thee to have her to wife.”666    S. Matt. xiv. 4. He could have been silent, had he not thought it unseemly for himself not to speak the truth for fear of death, or to make the prophetic office yield to the king, or to indulge in flattery. He knew well that he would die as he was against the king, but he preferred virtue to safety. Yet what is more expedient than the suffering which brought glory to the saint.

90. Holy Susanna, too, when threatened with the fear of false witness, seeing herself hard pressed on one side by danger, on the other by disgrace, preferred to avoid disgrace by a virtuous death rather than to endure and live a shameful life in the desire to save herself.667    Sus. v. 23. So while she fixed her mind on virtue, she also preserved her life. But if she had preferred what seemed to her to be useful to preserve life, she would never have gained such great renown, nay, perhaps—and that would have been not only useless but even dangerous—she might even not have escaped the penalty for her crime. We note, therefore, that whatsoever is shameful cannot be useful, nor, again, can that which is virtuous be useless. For usefulness is ever the double of virtue, and virtue of usefulness.

CAPUT XIV.

0169D Elisaei factum quam honestum atque utile fuerit. Ejusdem cum decantato Graecorum facinore comparatio. Joannem pro honestate vitam impendisse: nec non Susannam eadem causa se mortis periculo objecisse.

86. Quid vero Elisaeus nisi honestatem secutus est, cum exercitum Syriae, qui ad obsidendum eum venerat, captivum introduxit in Samariam, cujus oculos 0170A caecitate obduxerat, et dixit: Domine, aperi oculos eorum, ut videant, et viderunt (IV Reg. VI, 18 et seq.)? Itaque cum rex Israel percutere ingressos vellet, eamque sibi dari a propheta facultatem posceret; respondit non percutiendos, quorum captivitatem non esset manu operatus, armisque bellicis, sed magis subsidio alimentorum juvandos. Denique epularibus refecti copiis, numquam postea in terram Israel piratae Syriae revertendum putarunt.

87. Quanto hoc sublimius, quam illud Graecorum quod cum duo populi adversum se de gloria imperioque decertarent, et alter ex his haberet copiam quemadmodum naves alterius populi clanculo exureret, turpe credidit: maluitque minus posse honeste, quam plus turpiter. Et isti quidem sine flagitio hoc 0170B facere nequibant, ut eos qui consummandi belli Persici gratia in societatem convenerant, hac fraude deciperent; quam licet possent negare, non possent tamen non erubescere: Elisaeus autem non fraude, deceptos licet, sed potestate Domini percussos, maluit tamen servare quam perdere; quia decorum foret hosti parcere, et adversario donare vitam, quam potuisset auferre nisi pepercisset.

88. Liquet igitur id quod decorum est, semper esse utile. Nam et Judith sancta decoro contemptu propriae salutis solvit obsidionis periculum, et publicam honestate propria acquisivit utilitatem: et Elisaeus gloriosius ignovit, quam perculit: et utilius reservavit hostes quos ceperat.

89. Quid autem aliud Joannes nisi honestatem 0170C consideravit? ut inhonestas nuptias etiam in rege non posset perpeti, dicens: Non licet tibi illam uxorem habere (Marc. XIV, 4). Potuit tacere, nisi indecorum sibi judicasset mortis metu verum non dicere, inclinare regi propheticam auctoritatem, adulationem subtexere. Sciebat utique moriturum se esse, quia regi adversabatur: sed honestatem saluti praetulit. Et tamen quid utilius quam quod passionis viro sancto advexit gloriam?

90. Sancta quoque Susanna denuntiato falsi testimonii terrore, cum hinc se videret urgeri 130 periculo, inde opprobrio, maluit honesta morte vitare opprobrium, quam studio salutis turpem vitam subire ac sustinere. Itaque dum honestati intendit, etiam vitam reservavit: quae si id quod sibi videbatur ad 0170D vitam utile praeoptavisset, non tantam reportasset gloriam: immo etiam id quod non solum inutile, sed etiam periculosum foret, poenam criminis forsitan non evasisset (Dan. XIII). Advertimus igitur quia id quod turpe est, non possit esse utile: neque rursus id quod honestum est, inutile; quia complex honestatis est semper utilitas, et utilitatis honestas.