3. Lately when praying with the people, and using the full doxology to God the Father in both forms, at one time “  with the Son  together with the Holy Ghost,” and at another “  through the Son  in the Holy Ghost,” I was attacked by some of those present on the ground that I was introducing novel and at the same time mutually contradictory terms.  8  It is impossible to convey in English the precise force of the prepositions used. “With” represents μετά, of which the original meaning is “amid;” “together with,” σύν, of which the original meaning is “at the same time as.” The Latin of the Benedictine edition translates the first by “cum,” and the second by “una cum.” “Through” stands for διά, which, with the genitive, is used of the instrument; “in” for ε'ν, “in,” but also commonly used of the instrument or means. In the well known passage in 1 Cor. viii. 6, A.V. renders δι᾽ οὗ τὰ πάντα by “through whom are all things;” R.V., by “by whom.” You, however, chiefly with the view of benefiting them, or, if they are wholly incurable, for the security of such as may fall in with them, have expressed the opinion that some clear instruction ought to be published concerning the force underlying the syllables employed. I will therefore write as concisely as possible, in the endeavour to lay down some admitted principle for the discussion.

[3] Προσευχομένῳ μοι πρῴην μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ ἀμφοτέρως τὴν δοξολογίαν ἀποπληροῦντι τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί, νῦν μὲν μετὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ σὺν τῷ Πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ, νῦν δὲ διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, ἐπέσκηψάν τινες τῶν παρόντων, ξενιζούσαις ἡμᾶς φωναῖς κεχρῆσθαι λέγοντες, καὶ ἅμα πρὸς ἀλλήλας ὑπεναντίως ἐχούσαις. Σὺ δὲ μάλιστα μὲν τῆς αὐτῶν ἐκείνων ἕνεκεν ὠφελείας, εἰ δὲ ἀνιάτως ἔχουσι παντελῶς, διὰ τὸ τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων αὐτοῖς ἀσφαλές, ἠξίωσάς τινα εὐκρινῆ περὶ τῆς ἐν ταῖς συλλαβαῖς ταύταις δυνάμεως διδασκαλίαν ἐκφωνηθῆναι. Λεκτέον δὴ οὖν ἡμῖν διὰ βραχέων, ὡς οἷόν τε ἀρχήν τινα ὁμολογουμένην τῷ λόγῳ δόντας.