§8. The origin of idolatry is similar. The soul, materialised by forgetting God, and engrossed in earthly things, makes them into gods. The race of men descends into a hopeless depth of delusion and superstition.

Now the soul of mankind, not satisfied with the devising of evil, began by degrees to venture upon what is worse still. For having experience of diversities of pleasures, and girt about with oblivion of things divine; being pleased moreover and having in view the passions of the body, and nothing but things present and opinions about them, ceased to think that anything existed beyond what is seen, or that anything was good save things temporal and bodily; so turning away and forgetting that she was in the image of the good God, she no longer, by the power which is in her, sees God the Word after whose likeness she is made; but having departed from herself, imagines and feigns what is not. 2. For hiding, by the complications of bodily lusts, the mirror which, as it were, is in her, by which alone she had the power of seeing the Image of the Father, she no longer sees what a soul ought to behold, but is carried about by everything, and only sees the things which come under the senses. Hence, weighted with all fleshly desire, and distracted among the impressions of these things, she imagines that the God Whom her understanding has forgotten is to be found in bodily and sensible things, giving to things seen the name of God, and glorifying only those things which she desires and which are pleasant to her eyes. 3. Accordingly, evil is the cause which brings idolatry in its train; for men, having learned to contrive evil, which is no reality in itself, in like manner feigned for themselves as gods beings that had no real existence. Just, then, as though a man had plunged into the deep, and no longer saw the light, nor what appears by light, because his eyes are turned downwards, and the water is all above him; and, perceiving only the things in the deep, thinks that nothing exists beside them, but that the things he sees are the only true realities; so the men of former time, having lost their reason, and plunged into the lusts and imaginations of carnal things, and forgotten the knowledge and glory of God, their reasoning being dull, or rather following unreason, made gods for themselves of things seen, glorifying the creature rather than the Creator16    Rom. i. 25., and deifying the works rather than the Master, God, their Cause and Artificer. 4. But just as, according to the above simile, men who plunge into the deep, the deeper they go down, advance into darker and deeper places, so it is with mankind. For they did not keep to idolatry in a simple form, nor did they abide in that with which they began; but the longer they went on in their first condition, the more new superstitions they invented: and, not satiated with the first evils, they again filled themselves. with others, advancing further in utter shamefulness, and surpassing themselves in impiety. But to this the divine Scripture testifies when it says, “When the wicked cometh unto the depth of evils, he despiseth17    Prov. xviii. 3..”

8 Οὐκ ἀρκεσθεῖσα τῇ τῆς κακίας ἐπινοίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἡ ψυχή, κατ' ὀλίγον καὶ εἰς τὰ χείρονα ἑαυτὴν ἐξάγειν ἤρξατο. μαθοῦσα γὰρ διαφορὰς ἡδονῶν καὶ ζωσαμένη τὴν τῶν θείων λήθην, ἡδομένη δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὰ τοῦ σώματος πάθη καὶ πρὸς μόνα τὰ παρόντα καὶ τὰς τούτων δόξας ἀποβλέπουσα, ἐνόμισε μηδὲν ἔτι πλέον εἶναι τῶν βλεπομένων, ἀλλὰ μόνα τὰ πρόσκαιρα καὶ τὰ σωματικὰ εἶναι τὰ καλά. ἀποστραφεῖσα δὲ καὶ ἐπιλαθομένη ἑαυτὴν εἶναι κατ' εἰκόνα τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ Θεοῦ, οὐκ ἔτι μὲν διὰ τῆς ἐν αὐτῇ δυνάμεως τὸν Θεὸν Λόγον, καθ' ὃν καὶ γέγονεν, ὁρᾷ· ἔξω δὲ ἑαυτῆς γενομένη, τὰ οὐκ ὄντα λογίζεται καὶ ἀνατυποῦται. ἐπικρύψασα γὰρ ταῖς ἐπιπλοκαῖς τῶν σωματικῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν τὸ ὡς ἐν αὐτῇ κάτοπτρον, δι' οὗ μόνον ὁρᾷν ἠδύνατο τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ Πατρός, οὐκέτι μὲν ὁρᾷ ἃ δεῖ ψυχὴν νοεῖν· παντὶ δὲ περιφέρεται, καὶ μόνα ἐκεῖνα ὁρᾷ τὰ τῇ αἰσθήσει προσπίπτοντα. ὅθεν δὴ πάσης σαρκικῆς ἐπιθυμίας γέμουσα, καὶ ἐν ταῖς τούτων δόξαις ταραττομένη, λοιπόν, ὃν ἐπελάθετο τῇ δια νοίᾳ Θεόν, τοῦτον ἐν σωματικοῖς καὶ αἰσθητοῖς ἀναπλάττεται, τοῖς φαινομένοις τὴν Θεοῦ προσηγορίαν ἀνατιθεῖσα, καὶ μόνα ταῦτα δοξάζουσα ἅπερ αὐτὴ βούλεται, καὶ ὡς ἡδέα ὁρᾷ. προηγεῖται τοίνυν αἰτία τῆς εἰδωλολατρείας ἡ κακία. μαθόντες γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὴν οὐκ οὖσαν κακίαν ἑαυτοῖς ἐπινοεῖν, οὕτω καὶ τοὺς οὐκ ὄντας θεοὺς ἑαυτοῖς ἀνεπλάσαντο. οἷον δὲ εἴ τις, εἰς βυθὸν καταδύς, μηκέτι μὲν βλέποι τὸ φῶς, μηδὲ τὰ ἐν τῷ φωτὶ φαινόμενα, διὰ τὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὸ κάτω νεῦμα, καὶ τὴν τοῦ ὕδατος ἐπικειμένην ἐπίχυσιν αὐτῷ· μόνα δὲ τὰ ἐν τῷ βυθῷ αἰσθόμενος, νομίζοι μηδὲν πλέον ἐκείνων εἶναι, ἀλλ' αὐτὰ τὰ φαινόμενα αὐτῷ τῶν ὄντων εἶναι τὰ κύρια· οὕτω καὶ οἱ πάλαι τῶν ἀνθρώπων παράφρονες, καταδύντες εἰς τὰς τῶν σαρκῶν ἐπιθυμίας καὶ φαντασίας, καὶ ἐπιλαθόμενοι τῆς περὶ Θεοῦ ἐννοίας καὶ δόξης, ἀμυδρῷ τῷ λογισμῷ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀλογίᾳ χρησάμενοι, τὰ φαινόμενα θεοὺς ἀνετυπώσαντο, τὴν κτίσιν παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα δοξάζοντες, καὶ τὰ ἔργα μᾶλλον ἐκθειάζοντες ἤπερ τὸν τούτων αἴτιον καὶ δημιουργὸν δεσπότην Θεόν. ὥσπερ δὲ κατὰ τὸ προλεχθὲν παράδειγμα, οἱ εἰς τὸν βυθὸν καταδυόμενοι, ὅσῳ μᾶλλον ἐπικαταβαίνουσι, τοσοῦτον εἰς τὰ σκοτεινότερα καὶ βαθύτερα ὁρ μῶσιν· οὕτω καὶ τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πέπονθε γένος. οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῆν ἔσχον τὴν εἰδωλολατρείαν, οὐδὲ ἀφ' ὧν ἤρξαντο ἐν τούτοις καὶ διέμειναν· ἀλλ' ὅσον τοῖς πρώτοις ἐνεχρόνιζον, τοσοῦτον ἑαυτοῖς καινοτέρας ἐφεύρισκον δεισιδαιμονίας· καὶ κόρον οὐ λαμβάνοντες τῶν πρώτων, ἄλλοις πάλιν ἐνεπίμπλαντο κακοῖς, προκόπτοντες ἐν τοῖς αἰσχίστοις, καὶ πλεῖον ἑαυτῶν ἐπεκτείνοντες τὴν ἀσέβειαν. τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἡ θεία γραφὴ μαρτύρεται λέγουσα· Ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἀσεβὴς εἰς βάθος κακῶν, καταφρονεῖ.