10. From this point, however, like sand slipping from beneath the feet, or a great wave bursting upon a ship, things began to go back with him; for Ctesiphon is a strong fortified town, hard to take, and very well secured by a wall of burnt brick, a deep ditch, and the swamps coming from the river. It is rendered yet more secure by another strong place, the name of which is Cochè, furnished with equal defences as far as regards garrison and artificial protection, so closely united with it that they appear one city, the river separating both, between them. For it was neither possible to take the place by general assault, nor to reduce it by siege, nor even to force a way through by means of the fleet principally, for he would run the risk of destruction; being exposed to missiles from higher ground on both sides, he leaves the place in his rear, and does so in this manner. Of the river Euphrates, which is a very large one, he cuts off no inconsiderable part and diverts it so as to be navigable for vessels, by means of a canal, of which ancient vestiges are said to be visible; and thus joining the Tigris a little in front of Ctesiphon, he saves his boats from one river by means of the other river, in all security; in this way he escapes the danger that menaced him from the two garrisons. But, as he advanced, a Persian army suddenly started up, and continually received fresh reinforcements, but did not think it advisable to stand in front and fight it out, without the greatest necessity (although it was in their power to conquer, from their superior numbers); but from the tops of the hills and narrow passes they shot arrows and threw darts, whenever opportunity served, and thus readily prevented his further progress. Hence he is reduced to great perplexity, and not knowing to what side to turn, he finds out an unlucky solution for the difficulty.

Ιʹ. Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἤδη, ὥσπερ ψάμμου ποδῶν ὑποσπασθείσης, ἢ νηῒ ζάλης ἀντιπεσούσης, εἰς τοὐπίσω χωρεῖ τὰ πράγματα. Ἡ γὰρ Κτησιφῶν φρούριόν ἐστι καρτερὸν καὶ δυσάλωτον, τείχει τε ὀπτῆς πλίνθου, καὶ τάφρῳ βαθείᾳ, καὶ τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τενάγεσιν ὠχυρωμένη. Ποιεῖ δὲ αὐτὴν ὀχυροτέραν καὶ φρούριον ἕτερον, ᾧ προσηγορία Κωχὴ, μετὰ τῆς ἴσης ἀσφαλείας συγκείμενον, ὅση τε φυσικὴ καὶ ὅση χειροποίητος, τοσοῦτον ἑνούμενον, ὡς μίαν πόλιν δοκεῖν ἀμφοτέρας, τῷ ποταμῷ μέσῳ διειργομένας ταύτας: οὔτε γὰρ ἐξελεῖν οἷον τε ἦν ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἀθρόας, ἢ πολιορκίᾳ παραστήσασθαι, οὔτε διεξελάσαι καὶ τῷ ναυτικῷ μάλιστα (κινδυνεῦσαι γὰρ ἂν ἐξ ὑπερδεξίων, ἀμφοτέρωθεν βαλλόμενον, καὶ εἰργόμενον), κατόπιν ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖται, καὶ ποιεῖται τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον. Τοῦ Εὐφράτου ποταμῶν ὄντος μεγίστου μέρος οὐκ ἐλάχιστον ἀποῤῥήξας, καὶ περιαγαγὼν, ὅσον ναυσὶν εἶναι πλόϊμον ἐκ διώρυγος (ἧς καὶ ἀρχαῖά φασιν ἴχνη φαίνεσθαι), καὶ ταύτῃ τῷ Τίγριδι συμβαλὼν μικρὸν ἔμπροσθεν, οὕτω διασώζει τὰς ναῦς ἐκ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῷ ποταμῷ δοθείσας ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ. Ὧδε μὲν οὖν τὸν ἐκ τῶν φρουρίων τούτων διαδιδράσκει κίνδυνον. Ὡς δὲ προϊόντι Περσικὴ δύναμις παραφανεῖσα, καὶ ἀεί τις τῇ οὔσῃ προσγινομένη, κατὰ μετώπου μὲν ἵστασθαι, καὶ διακινδυνεύειν οὐκ ᾤετο δεῖν δίχα μεγάλης ἀνάγκης, ἐνὸν ἐκ περιουσίας κρατεῖν: ἐκ δὲ τῶν λόγων καὶ τῶν στενῶν ᾗ παρείκοι, βάλλουσα καὶ τοξεύουσα, καὶ τὰ καίρια τῆς διόδου προκαταλαμβάνουσα, ῥᾳδίως εἶργε τοῦ πρόσω: τηνικαῦτα ἐν ἀπορίᾳ τε ἦν ἤδη πολλῇ, καὶ οὐκ ἔχων ὅπη τράπηται λύσιν εὑρίσκει πονηρὰν τοῦ βουλεύματος.