Then, after a moment’s reflection on the meaning of these latter words, I said: I think that a contradiction now arises between what you have said and the result of our former examination of the passions. For if, on the one hand, the activity of such movements within us is to be held as arising from our kinship with the brutes, such movements I mean as were enumerated in our previous discussion88    προλαβὼν; on the authority of five Codd., for προσλαβών, anger, for instance, and fear, desire of pleasure, and so on, and, on the other hand, it was affirmed that virtue consists in the good employment of these movements, and vice in their bad employment, and in addition to this we discussed the actual contribution of each of the other passions to a virtuous life, and found that through desire above all we are brought nearer God, drawn up, by its chain as it were, from earth towards Him,—I think (I said) that that part of the discussion is in a way opposed to that which we are now aiming at.

Γ. Ἐγὼ δὲ μικρὸν ἐπισχὼν καὶ ἀναλαβὼν τὴν τῶν εἰρημένων διάνοιαν, Δοκεῖ μοι, εἶπον, τοῖς περὶ παθῶν προεξητασμένοις ἀνακύπτειν ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων τις ἐναντίωσις. Εἰ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς πρὸς τὰ ἄλογα συγγενείας ἐνομίσθη τὰ τοιαῦτα τῆς ψυχῆς ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνεργεῖσθαι κινήματα, ὅσα προσλαβὼν ὁ λόγος ἀπηριθμήσατο, θυμόν τε καὶ φόβον, καὶ ἡδονὴν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν, καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα: εἴρηται δὲ τὴν μὲν ἀγαθὴν τῶν τοιούτων χρῆσιν ἀρετὴν εἶναι, διὰ δὲ τῆς ἐσφαλμένης τὴν κακίαν γίνεσθαι: προσέθηκε δὲ ὁ λόγος ἑκάστου τε τῶν ἄλλων τὴν πρὸς τὸν κατ' ἀρετὴν βίον συνεισφορὰν, ὅτι δι' ἐπιθυμίαν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἀναγόμεθα, οἷόν τινα σειρὰν κάτωθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀνελκόμενοι, δοκεῖ πως, ἔφην, ἐναντιοῦσθαι πρὸς τὸν σκοπὸν ὁ λόγος.