Compendium of Theology

 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

 CONTENTS

 CHAPTER 1

 CHAPTER 2

 CHAPTER 3

 CHAPTER 4

 CHAPTER 5

 CHAPTER 6

 CHAPTER 7

 CHAPTER 8

 CHAPTER 9

 CHAPTER 10

 CHAPTER 11

 CHAPTER 12

 CHAPTER 13

 CHAPTER 14

 CHAPTER 15

 CHAPTER 16

 CHAPTER 17

 CHAPTER 18

 CHAPTER 19

 CHAPTER 20

 CHAPTER 21

 CHAPTER 22

 CHAPTER 23

 CHAPTER 24

 CHAPTER 25

 CHAPTER 26

 CHAPTER 27

 CHAPTER 28

 CHAPTER 29

 CHAPTER 30

 CHAPTER 31

 CHAPTER 32

 CHAPTER 33

 CHAPTER 34

 CHAPTER 35

 CHAPTER 36

 CHAPTER 37

 CHAPTER 38

 CHAPTER 39

 CHAPTER 40

 CHAPTER 41

 CHAPTER 42

 CHAPTER 43

 CHAPTER 44

 CHAPTER 45

 CHAPTER 46

 CHAPTER 47

 CHAPTER 48

 CHAPTER 49

 CHAPTER 50

 CHAPTER 51

 CHAPTER 52

 CHAPTER 53

 CHAPTER 54

 CHAPTER 55

 CHAPTER 56

 CHAPTER 57

 CHAPTER 58

 CHAPTER 59

 CHAPTER 60

 CHAPTER 61

 CHAPTER 62

 CHAPTER 63

 CHAPTER 64

 CHAPTER 65

 CHAPTER 66

 CHAPTER 67

 CHAPTER 68

 CHAPTER 69

 CHAPTER 70

 CHAPTER 71

 CHAPTER 72

 CHAPTER 73

 CHAPTER 74

 CHAPTER 75

 CHAPTER 76

 CHAPTER 77

 CHAPTER 78

 CHAPTER 79

 CHAPTER 80

 CHAPTER 81

 CHAPTER 82

 CHAPTER 83

 CHAPTER 84

 CHAPTER 85

 CHAPTER 86

 CHAPTER 87

 CHAPTER 88

 CHAPTER 89

 CHAPTER 90

 CHAPTER 91

 CHAPTER 92

 CHAPTER 93

 CHAPTER 94

 CHAPTER 95

 CHAPTER 96

 CHAPTER 97

 CHAPTER 98

 CHAPTER 99

 CHAPTER 100

 CHAPTER 101

 CHAPTER 102

 CHAPTER 103

 CHAPTER 104

 CHAPTER 105

 CHAPTER 106

 CHAPTER 107

 CHAPTER 108

 CHAPTER 109

 CHAPTER 110

 CHAPTER 111

 CHAPTER 112

 CHAPTER 113

 CHAPTER 114

 CHAPTER 115

 CHAPTER 116

 CHAPTER 117

 CHAPTER 118

 CHAPTER 119

 CHAPTER 120

 CHAPTER 121

 CHAPTER 122

 CHAPTER 123

 CHAPTER 124

 CHAPTER 125

 CHAPTER 126

 CHAPTER 127

 CHAPTER 128

 CHAPTER 129

 CHAPTER 130

 CHAPTER 131

 CHAPTER 132

 CHAPTER 133

 CHAPTER 134

 CHAPTER 135

 CHAPTER 136

 CHAPTER 137

 CHAPTER 138

 CHAPTER 139

 CHAPTER 140

 CHAPTER 141

 CHAPTER 142

 CHAPTER 143

 CHAPTER 144

 CHAPTER 145

 CHAPTER 146

 CHAPTER 147

 CHAPTER 148

 CHAPTER 149

 CHAPTER 150

 CHAPTER 151

 CHAPTER 152

 CHAPTER 153

 CHAPTER 154

 CHAPTER 155

 CHAPTER 156

 CHAPTER 157

 CHAPTER 158

 CHAPTER 159

 CHAPTER 160

 CHAPTER 161

 CHAPTER 162

 CHAPTER 163

 CHAPTER 164

 CHAPTER 165

 CHAPTER 166

 CHAPTER 167

 CHAPTER 168

 CHAPTER 169

 CHAPTER 170

 CHAPTER 171

 CHAPTER 172

 CHAPTER 173

 CHAPTER 174

 CHAPTER 175

 CHAPTER 176

 CHAPTER 177

 CHAPTER 178

 CHAPTER 179

 CHAPTER 180

 CHAPTER 181

 CHAPTER 182

 CHAPTER 183

 CHAPTER 184

 CHAPTER 185

 CHAPTER 186

 CHAPTER 187

 CHAPTER 188

 CHAPTER 189

 CHAPTER 190

 CHAPTER 191

 CHAPTER 192

 CHAPTER 193

 CHAPTER 194

 CHAPTER 195

 CHAPTER 196

 CHAPTER 197

 CHAPTER 198

 CHAPTER 199

 CHAPTER 200

 CHAPTER 201

 CHAPTER 202

 CHAPTER 203

 CHAPTER 204

 CHAPTER 205

 CHAPTER 206

 CHAPTER 207

 CHAPTER 208

 CHAPTER 209

 CHAPTER 210

 CHAPTER 211

 CHAPTER 212

 CHAPTER 213

 CHAPTER 214

 CHAPTER 215

 CHAPTER 216

 CHAPTER 217

 CHAPTER 218

 CHAPTER 219

 CHAPTER 220

 CHAPTER 221

 CHAPTER 222

 CHAPTER 223

 CHAPTER 224

 CHAPTER 225

 CHAPTER 226

 CHAPTER 227

 CHAPTER 228

 CHAPTER 229

 CHAPTER 230

 CHAPTER 231

 CHAPTER 232

 CHAPTER 233

 CHAPTER 234

 CHAPTER 235

 CHAPTER 236

 CHAPTER 237

 CHAPTER 238

 CHAPTER 239

 CHAPTER 240

 CHAPTER 241

 CHAPTER 242

 CHAPTER 243

 CHAPTER 244

 CHAPTER 245

 CHAPTER 246

 Part Two

 CHAPTER 1

 CHAPTER 2

 CHAPTER 3

 CHAPTER 4

 CHAPTER 5

 CHAPTER 6

 CHAPTER 7

 CHAPTER 8

 CHAPTER 9

 CHAPTER 10

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 56

IMPOSSIBILITY OF MORE THAN THREE PERSONS IN GOD

There cannot be more than three persons in God. For the divine persons cannot be multiplied by a division of their substance, but solely by the relation of some procession; and not by any sort of procession, but only by such as does not have its term in something outside of God. If the relation had something external as its term, this would not possess the divine nature, and so could not be a divine person or hypostasis. But procession in God that does not terminate outside of God, must be either according to the operation of the intellect, whereby the Word proceeds, or according to the operation of the will, whereby love proceeds, as is clear from our exposition. Therefore no divine person can proceed unless He proceeds as the Word, whom we call the Son, or as love, whom we call the Holy Ghost.

             Moreover, since God comprehends everything in His intellect by a single act of intuition, and similarly loves everything by a single act of His will, there cannot be several words or several loves in God. If, then, the Son proceeds as Word, and if the Holy Ghost proceeds as love, there cannot be several Sons or several Holy Ghosts in God.

             Again: the perfect is that beyond which there is nothing. Hence a being that would tolerate anything of its own class to be outside itself, would fall short of absolute perfection. This is why things that are simply perfect in their natures are not numerically multiplied; thus God, the sun, the moon, and so on. But both the Son and the Holy Ghost must be simply perfect, since each of them is God, as we have shown. Therefore several Sons or several Holy Ghosts are impossible.

             Besides, that whereby a subsistent thing is this particular thing, distinct from other things, cannot be numerically multiplied, for the reason that an individual cannot be predicated of many. But the Son is this divine person, subsisting in Himself and distinct from the other divine persons by sonship; just as Socrates is constituted this human person by individuating principles. Accordingly, as the individuating principles whereby Socrates is this man cannot pertain to more than one man, so sonship in the Godhead cannot pertain to more than one divine person. Similar is the case with the relation of the Father and the Holy Ghost. Hence there cannot be several Fathers in God or several Sons or several Holy Ghosts.

             Lastly, whatever is one by reason of its form, is not numerically multiplied except through matter; thus whiteness is multiplied by existing in many subjects. But there is no matter in God. Consequently whatever is one in species and form in the Godhead, cannot be multiplied numerically. Such are paternity and filiation and the procession of the Holy Ghost. And thus there cannot be several Fathers or Sons or Holy Ghosts in God.