Tabæ

 Diocese of Tabasco

 John Bannister Tabb

 Tabbora

 Tabernacle (Tabernaculum)

 Tabernacle

 Feast of Tabernacles

 Tabernacle Societies

 Tabernacle Society

 Tacana Indians

 Tacapæ

 Alexandre-Antonin Taché

 Etienne-Pascal Taché

 Tadama

 Tænarum

 Taensa Indians

 Vicariate Apostolic of Tahiti

 Ven. Anna Maria Gesualda Antonia Taigi

 Tait Indians

 Takkali

 James Talbot

 John Talbot

 Peter Talbot

 Thomas Joseph Talbot

 Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

 Thomas Tallis

 Talmud

 Jean Talon

 Nicolas Talon

 Pierre Talon

 Tamanac Indians

 Tamassus

 Diocese of Tamaulipas

 Michelangelo Tamburini

 Thomas Tamburini

 Tametsi

 Marie-Marthe-Baptistine Tamisier

 Tanagra

 Tancred

 Roger Brooke Taney

 Cyprien Tanguay

 Tanis

 Adam Tanner

 Conrad Tanner

 Edmund Tanner

 Matthias Tanner

 Tantum Ergo

 Bernardo Tanucci

 Taoism

 Taos Pueblo

 Aloysius Taparelli

 Tapestry

 Esteban Tapis

 Helena Tarabotti

 Sts. Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus

 Diocese of Taranto

 Vicariate Apostolic of Tarapacá (de Tarapacá)

 St. Tarasius

 Diocese of Tarazona

 Diocese of Tarbes

 Diocese of Tarentaise

 Targum

 Pierre Tarisel

 St. Tarkin

 Diocese of Tarnow

 Camillus Tarquini

 Archdiocese of Tarragona

 St. Tarsicius

 Tarsus

 Nicolò Tartaglia

 Giuseppe Tartini

 Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau

 St. Tassach

 Joseph Tassé

 René-Prosper Tassin

 Torquato Tasso

 Alessandro Tassoni

 Tatian

 St. Tatwin

 Diocese of Taubaté

 John Tauler

 Ethelred Taunton

 John Taverner

 Tavistock Abbey

 Tavium

 Taxa Innocentiana

 John de Taxster

 Frances Margaret Taylor

 Ven. Hugh Taylor

 Antonio Tebaldeo

 Te Deum

 Catherine Tegakwitha (Tekakwitha, Takwitha)

 Tegernsee

 Diocese of Tehuantepec

 St. Teilo

 Teleology

 Telepathy

 Diocese of Telese

 Bernardino Telesio

 Pope St. Telesphorus

 Telesphorus of Cosenza

 Tell el-Amarna Tablets

 Gabriel Téllez

 Michel Le Tellier (2)

 Telmessus

 Te Lucis Ante Terminum

 Vicariate Apostolic of Temiskaming

 Temnus

 Wilhelm Tempel

 Temperance

 Temperance Movements

 Knights Templars

 Temple

 Sisters of the Temple

 Temple of Jerusalem

 Temptation

 Temptation of Christ

 Pierre-Guérin de Tencin

 Tenebræ

 Tenedos

 Diocese of Teneriffe

 David Teniers

 Tennessee

 William Jewett Tenney

 Tentyris

 Ecclesiastical Tenure

 Teos

 Diocese of Tepic

 Tepl

 Diocese of Teramo

 Terce

 Terenuthis

 St. Teresa of Jesus

 Sixteen Blessed Teresian Martyrs of Compiègne

 Anthony Terill (Bonville)

 Termessus

 Diocese of Termoli

 St. Ternan

 Diocese of Terracina, Sezze, and Piperno

 André Terrasson

 Terrestrial Paradise

 Jean-Baptiste Terrien

 Tertiaries

 Tertullian

 Diocese of Teruel

 Old Testament

 New Testament

 Testem Benevolentiae

 Missouri Test-Oath

 Johann Tetzel

 Teuchira

 Teutonic Order

 Tewdrig

 Tewkesbury Abbey

 State of Texas

 Mount Thabor

 Thabraca

 Thacia Montana

 Thænæ

 Thagaste

 Thagora

 St. Thais

 Sigismond Thalberg

 Valentin Thalhofer

 Thangmar

 Thanksgiving before and after Meals

 Thanksgiving Day

 Thapsus

 Thasos

 Thaumaci

 John Thayer

 Theatines

 The Theatre

 Thebaid

 Augustus Thébaud

 Thebes (1)

 Thebes (2)

 St. Thecla

 Sts. Thecla

 Theft

 Thegan (Degan) of Treves

 Augustin Theiner

 Thelepte

 Themiscyra

 Themisonium

 Baron Louis-Jacques Thénard

 Thennesus

 St. Theobald

 Theobald

 Theocracy

 St. Theodard

 Theodicy

 Pope Theodore I

 Pope Theodore II

 Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury

 Theodore of Mopsuestia

 St. Theodore of Amasea

 Theodore of Gaza

 St. Theodore of Studium

 Theodoret

 Theodoric of Chartres

 Theodoric the Great

 Sts. Theodorus and Theophanes

 Theodorus Lector

 Theodosiopolis

 Theodosius I

 Theodosius Florentini

 St. Theodotus of Ancyra

 Theodulf

 Theology

 Ascetical Theology

 Christology

 Dogmatic Theology

 History of Dogmatic Theology

 Mystical Theology

 Moral Theology

 Pastoral Theology

 Theonas

 St. Theophanes

 Theophanes Kerameus

 Bl. Théophane Vénard

 Theophilanthropists

 Theophilus (1)

 Theophilus (2)

 Theosophy

 Domenico Theotocopuli

 Diocese of Thera

 Thermæ Basilicæ

 Thermopylæ

 Epistles to the Thessalonians

 Thessalonica

 Theveste

 Thibaris

 Thibaut de Champagne

 Thierry of Freiburg

 Louis-Adolphe Thiers

 Thignica

 Joseph Albert Alberdingk Thijm

 Peter Paul Maria Alberdingk Thijm

 Richard Thimelby

 Third Orders

 Thirty Years War

 Thmuis

 St. Thomas the Apostle

 Charles L.A. Thomas

 Bl. Thomas Abel

 Thomas á Jesu

 Thomas a Kempis

 Ven. Thomas Alfield

 St. Thomas Aquinas

 St. Thomas Becket

 St. Thomas Christians

 Bl. Thomas Cottam

 Bl. Thomas Ford

 Bl. Thomas Johnson

 Bl. Thomas More

 Thomas of Beckington

 Thomas of Bradwardine

 Thomas of Cantimpré

 Thomas of Celano

 Thomas of Dover

 St. Thomas of Hereford

 Thomas of Jesus

 Thomas of Jorz

 Thomas of Strasburg

 St. Thomas of Villanova

 Bl. Thomas Percy

 Bl. Thomas Sherwood

 Louis Thomassin

 Bl. Thomas Woodhouse

 Thomism

 Thompson

 Francis Thompson

 Right Honourable Sir John Sparrow David Thompson

 Thompson River Indians

 Jean-Joseph Thonissen

 Thorney Abbey

 Feast of the Crown of Thorns

 Ven. Robert Thorpe

 Jacques-Auguste de Thou

 Nicolas de Thou

 Three Chapters

 Diocese of Three Rivers

 Throne

 Thuburbo Minus

 Thugga

 Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Thugut

 Ven. John Thulis

 Thundering Legion

 Count Leo Thun-Hohenstein

 Thuringia

 Johannes Thurmayr

 Ven. Thomas Thwing

 Thyatira

 Thynias

 Hermann Thyräus

 Tiara

 Pellegrino Tibaldi

 Tiberias

 Sea of Tiberias

 Tiberiopolis

 Tiberius

 Tibet

 Sts. Tiburtius and Susanna

 Ticelia

 Ven. Nicholas Tichborne

 Ven. Thomas Tichborne

 Ticonius

 Ticuna Indians

 Joseph Tieffentaller

 Tiepolo

 Mark Aloysius Tierney

 St. Tigris

 Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont

 Johannes Tserclæs, Count of Tilly

 Timbrias

 Time

 Sts. Timotheus and Symphorian

 Epistles to Timothy and Titus

 Timucua Indians

 Mary Agnes Tincker

 Tingis

 See of Tinin

 Diocese of Tinos and Mykonos

 Tintern Abbey

 Il Tintoretto

 Tipasa

 Girolamo Tiraboschi

 Diocese of Tiraspol

 Benvenuto Tisio da Garofalo

 James Tissot

 Tithes

 Titian

 Titopolis

 Titulus

 Titus, Bishop of Bostra

 Titus

 Tius

 Diocese of Tivoli

 Tlaxcala

 Tlos

 Giuseppe Toaldo

 Toba Indians

 Tobias

 Alexis de Tocqueville

 Diocese of Todi

 Tokio

 Archdiocese of Toledo

 Diocese of Toledo (Ohio)

 Francisco Toledo

 History of Toleration

 Religious Toleration

 John Baptist Tolomei

 Tomb

 Tomb of the Blessed Virgin Mary

 Tomi

 Abbey of Tongerloo

 Salvator Tongiorgi

 Gift of Tongues

 Tonica Indians

 Tonkawa Indians

 Tonsure

 Hugh Tootell

 Torah

 Francesco Torbido

 St. Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo

 Girolamo Francesco Tornielli

 Torone

 Archdiocese of Toronto

 Tomás de Torquemada

 Francisco Torres

 Bartolemé de Torres Naharro

 Evangelista Torricelli

 José Torrubia

 Diocese of Tortona

 Diocese of Tortosa

 Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

 Tosephta

 Alonso Tostado

 Luigi Tosti

 Totemism

 Totonac Indians

 George Anselm Touchet

 Archdiocese of Toulouse

 Diocese of Tournai

 Joseph Pitton de Tournefort

 Honoré Tournély

 Volume 16

 Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon

 Antoine Touron

 Archdiocese of Tours

 Charles-François Toustain

 Antoine-Augustin Touttée

 Tower of Babel

 Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis de Tracy

 Tradition and Living Magisterium

 Traditionalism

 Traducianism

 Trajan

 Trajanopolis (1)

 Trajanopolis (2)

 Tralles

 Diocese of Trani and Barletta

 Transcendentalism

 Transept

 Transfiguration

 Feast of Transfiguration of Christ

 Vicariate Apostolic of the Transvaal

 Transylvania

 Diocese of Transylvania

 Diocese of Trapani

 Trapezopolis

 Trappists

 Sts. Trasilla and Emiliana

 Accusations of Treason

 Diocese of Trebizond

 Trebnitz

 Lettice Mary Tredway

 Francis Tregian

 Tremithus

 Council of Trent

 Diocese of Trent (Tridentum)

 Diocese of Trenton

 Sir Thomas Tresham

 Diocese of Treviso

 Jewish Tribe

 Diocese of Tricarico

 Charles Joseph Tricassin

 Tricca

 Diocese of Trichinopoly

 Vicariate Apostolic of Trichur (Trichurensis)

 Tricomia

 Triduum

 Diocese of Trier

 Francis a Paula Triesnecker

 Diocese of Triest-Capo d'Istria

 Diocese of Trincomalee

 Abbey of Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni

 Order of Trinitarians

 Blessed Trinity

 Trinity College

 Trinity Sunday

 Triple-Candle-stick

 Prefecture Apostolic of Tripoli

 Tripolis

 Giangiorgio Trissino

 Tritheists

 John Trithemius

 Diocese of Trivento

 Nicholas Trivet

 Troas

 Trocmades

 John de Trokelowe

 Ancient See of Trondhjem

 Trope

 Scriptural Tropology

 John Thomas Troy

 Diocese of Troyes

 Truce of God

 Otto Truchsess von Waldburg

 St. Trudo

 St. Trudpert

 Antonio de Trueba

 Diocese of Trujillo

 Feast of Trumpets

 St. Trumwin

 Trustee System

 Trusts and Bequests

 Truth

 Catholic Truth Societies

 Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha

 Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim

 John Nepomuk Tschupick

 Archdiocese of Tuam

 School of Tuam

 University of Tübingen

 Tubunae

 Diocese of Tucson

 Diocese of Tucumán

 Diocese of Tudela

 Diocese of Tuguegarao

 Diocese of Tulancingo

 Louis-René Tulasne

 Diocese of Tulle

 Tunic

 Tunis

 Diocese of Tunja

 Tunkers

 Cuthbert Tunstall

 Ven. Thomas Tunstall

 Simon Tunsted

 Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot

 Turin

 University of Turin

 Turkestan

 Turkish Empire

 Adrian Turnebus

 Turpin

 Tuscany

 Diocese of Tuy

 St. John Twenge

 Twiketal of Croyland

 Tyana

 St. Tychicus

 Tynemouth Priory

 Types in Scripture

 Tyrannicide

 Tyre

 James Tyrie

Joseph Tieffentaller


Jesuit missionary and noted geographer in Hindustan, b. at Bozen in the Tyrol, 27 August, 1710; d. at Lucknow, 5 July, 1785. He entered the Society of Jesus 9 October, 1729, and went in 1740 to the East Indian mission where he occupied various positions, chiefly in the empire of the Great Mogul. After the suppression of the Society he remained in India, and on his death was buried in the mission cemetery at Agra, where his tombstone still stands. He was a fine scholar with an unusual talent for languages; besides his native tongue he understood Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, Hindustan, Arabic, Persian, and Sanscrit. He was the first European who wrote an exact description of Hindustan. A brief list of his works is the best proof of his extraordinary power of work and his varied scholarship.

In geography, he wrote a "Descriptio Indiæ", that is a circumstantial description of the twenty-two provinces of India, of its cities, fortresses, and the most important smaller towns, together with an exact statement of geographical positions, calculated by means of a simple quadrant. The work also contains a large numbers of maps, plans, and sketches drawn by himself, and the list of geographical positions fills twenty-one quarto pages. He also prepared a large book of maps on the basin of the Ganges, entitled: "Cursus Gangæ fluvi Indiæ maximi, inde Priaga seu Elahbado Calcuttam usque ope acus magneticæ exploratus atque litteris mandatus aJ. T. S. J." (1765). the original map of the lower course of the river measures 15',that of the middle course, from benares to Patna, measures 4' 3" square. In addition there is a map of similar dimensions of the Gagra, the whole accompanied by numerous notes, sketches of particular parts, and maps giving details - an "enormous labour" as Bernoulli calls it. he also wrote a work on the regions containing the sources of the chief rivers of India. In the field of religions he wrote a Brahmanism a work directed against the errors of the Englishmen Z. Howell and Alexander Dow. Others of his writings were on Indian idolatry, Indian asceticism, the religion of the Parsees, Mohammedanism, the relation of these religions to one another, etc. His writings in the department of the natural sciences are: astronomical observations on the sunspots and zodiacal light, studies on the astronomy, astrology, and cosmology of the Hindus, descriptions and observation's of the flora and fauna of India. the department of history is represented by writings in Latin on the origin of the Hindus and of their religion, an account in German of the expeditions of Nadir Shah to India, the deeds of the Great Mogul Shah Alam in Persian, and in French in incursions of the Afghans and the conquest of Delhi, and the contemporary history of India, 1757-64. In linguistics he wrote a Sanscrit-Parsee lexicon, treatises in Latin on the language of the Parsees, on the proper pronunciation of Latin, etc.

Tieffentaller sent these works in manuscript partly to the Danish scholar Dr. Kratzenstein in Copenhagen, partly to the celebrated French orientalist and geographer A. H. Anquetil-Duperron (1731-1805). The latter gave due credit to the value and importance of the works, especially those on geography, in his address before the French Academy of Sciences ("Journal des Scavans", Dec., 1776), and made the writing of Tieffentaller partly accessible to the learned world in his "Recherches hist. et géogr. sur l'Inde" (1786), and also in his "Carte général du cours du Gange et du Gagra dressée par les cartes particuliéres du P. Tieffenthaler (Paris, 1784). A part of the manuscripts at Copenhagen were obtained by the German scholar Johann Bernoulli of Berlin who used them in connection with the "Recherches" of Anquetil for the great work "Des Pater Joseph Tieffenthalers d. Ges. Jesu. und apost. Missionarius in Indien historisch-geographische Beschreibung von Hindustan . . ." (3 vols., quarto, Berlin-Gotha, 1785-87). the greater part of the first two volumes is devoted to Tieffentaller's writings, his maps, and sketches. the French edition, entitled "Description hist. et géogr. de l'Inde . . ." appeared at Berlin in three vols., 4to (1786-91). a large part of his manuscripts are probably still extant in Paris and Copenhagen.

HUONDER, Deutsche Jesuitenmissionäre des 17. und 18. Jahrh. (Freiberg, 1899), 179; NOTI. Jos. Tieffentaller, S. J., A Forgotten Geographer of India (Bombay, 1906); HOSTEN, Jesuit Missionaries in Northern India (Calcutta, 1907).

A. HUONDER