Tabæ

 Diocese of Tabasco

 John Bannister Tabb

 Tabbora

 Tabernacle (Tabernaculum)

 Tabernacle

 Feast of Tabernacles

 Tabernacle Societies

 Tabernacle Society

 Tacana Indians

 Tacapæ

 Alexandre-Antonin Taché

 Etienne-Pascal Taché

 Tadama

 Tænarum

 Taensa Indians

 Vicariate Apostolic of Tahiti

 Ven. Anna Maria Gesualda Antonia Taigi

 Tait Indians

 Takkali

 James Talbot

 John Talbot

 Peter Talbot

 Thomas Joseph Talbot

 Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

 Thomas Tallis

 Talmud

 Jean Talon

 Nicolas Talon

 Pierre Talon

 Tamanac Indians

 Tamassus

 Diocese of Tamaulipas

 Michelangelo Tamburini

 Thomas Tamburini

 Tametsi

 Marie-Marthe-Baptistine Tamisier

 Tanagra

 Tancred

 Roger Brooke Taney

 Cyprien Tanguay

 Tanis

 Adam Tanner

 Conrad Tanner

 Edmund Tanner

 Matthias Tanner

 Tantum Ergo

 Bernardo Tanucci

 Taoism

 Taos Pueblo

 Aloysius Taparelli

 Tapestry

 Esteban Tapis

 Helena Tarabotti

 Sts. Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus

 Diocese of Taranto

 Vicariate Apostolic of Tarapacá (de Tarapacá)

 St. Tarasius

 Diocese of Tarazona

 Diocese of Tarbes

 Diocese of Tarentaise

 Targum

 Pierre Tarisel

 St. Tarkin

 Diocese of Tarnow

 Camillus Tarquini

 Archdiocese of Tarragona

 St. Tarsicius

 Tarsus

 Nicolò Tartaglia

 Giuseppe Tartini

 Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau

 St. Tassach

 Joseph Tassé

 René-Prosper Tassin

 Torquato Tasso

 Alessandro Tassoni

 Tatian

 St. Tatwin

 Diocese of Taubaté

 John Tauler

 Ethelred Taunton

 John Taverner

 Tavistock Abbey

 Tavium

 Taxa Innocentiana

 John de Taxster

 Frances Margaret Taylor

 Ven. Hugh Taylor

 Antonio Tebaldeo

 Te Deum

 Catherine Tegakwitha (Tekakwitha, Takwitha)

 Tegernsee

 Diocese of Tehuantepec

 St. Teilo

 Teleology

 Telepathy

 Diocese of Telese

 Bernardino Telesio

 Pope St. Telesphorus

 Telesphorus of Cosenza

 Tell el-Amarna Tablets

 Gabriel Téllez

 Michel Le Tellier (2)

 Telmessus

 Te Lucis Ante Terminum

 Vicariate Apostolic of Temiskaming

 Temnus

 Wilhelm Tempel

 Temperance

 Temperance Movements

 Knights Templars

 Temple

 Sisters of the Temple

 Temple of Jerusalem

 Temptation

 Temptation of Christ

 Pierre-Guérin de Tencin

 Tenebræ

 Tenedos

 Diocese of Teneriffe

 David Teniers

 Tennessee

 William Jewett Tenney

 Tentyris

 Ecclesiastical Tenure

 Teos

 Diocese of Tepic

 Tepl

 Diocese of Teramo

 Terce

 Terenuthis

 St. Teresa of Jesus

 Sixteen Blessed Teresian Martyrs of Compiègne

 Anthony Terill (Bonville)

 Termessus

 Diocese of Termoli

 St. Ternan

 Diocese of Terracina, Sezze, and Piperno

 André Terrasson

 Terrestrial Paradise

 Jean-Baptiste Terrien

 Tertiaries

 Tertullian

 Diocese of Teruel

 Old Testament

 New Testament

 Testem Benevolentiae

 Missouri Test-Oath

 Johann Tetzel

 Teuchira

 Teutonic Order

 Tewdrig

 Tewkesbury Abbey

 State of Texas

 Mount Thabor

 Thabraca

 Thacia Montana

 Thænæ

 Thagaste

 Thagora

 St. Thais

 Sigismond Thalberg

 Valentin Thalhofer

 Thangmar

 Thanksgiving before and after Meals

 Thanksgiving Day

 Thapsus

 Thasos

 Thaumaci

 John Thayer

 Theatines

 The Theatre

 Thebaid

 Augustus Thébaud

 Thebes (1)

 Thebes (2)

 St. Thecla

 Sts. Thecla

 Theft

 Thegan (Degan) of Treves

 Augustin Theiner

 Thelepte

 Themiscyra

 Themisonium

 Baron Louis-Jacques Thénard

 Thennesus

 St. Theobald

 Theobald

 Theocracy

 St. Theodard

 Theodicy

 Pope Theodore I

 Pope Theodore II

 Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury

 Theodore of Mopsuestia

 St. Theodore of Amasea

 Theodore of Gaza

 St. Theodore of Studium

 Theodoret

 Theodoric of Chartres

 Theodoric the Great

 Sts. Theodorus and Theophanes

 Theodorus Lector

 Theodosiopolis

 Theodosius I

 Theodosius Florentini

 St. Theodotus of Ancyra

 Theodulf

 Theology

 Ascetical Theology

 Christology

 Dogmatic Theology

 History of Dogmatic Theology

 Mystical Theology

 Moral Theology

 Pastoral Theology

 Theonas

 St. Theophanes

 Theophanes Kerameus

 Bl. Théophane Vénard

 Theophilanthropists

 Theophilus (1)

 Theophilus (2)

 Theosophy

 Domenico Theotocopuli

 Diocese of Thera

 Thermæ Basilicæ

 Thermopylæ

 Epistles to the Thessalonians

 Thessalonica

 Theveste

 Thibaris

 Thibaut de Champagne

 Thierry of Freiburg

 Louis-Adolphe Thiers

 Thignica

 Joseph Albert Alberdingk Thijm

 Peter Paul Maria Alberdingk Thijm

 Richard Thimelby

 Third Orders

 Thirty Years War

 Thmuis

 St. Thomas the Apostle

 Charles L.A. Thomas

 Bl. Thomas Abel

 Thomas á Jesu

 Thomas a Kempis

 Ven. Thomas Alfield

 St. Thomas Aquinas

 St. Thomas Becket

 St. Thomas Christians

 Bl. Thomas Cottam

 Bl. Thomas Ford

 Bl. Thomas Johnson

 Bl. Thomas More

 Thomas of Beckington

 Thomas of Bradwardine

 Thomas of Cantimpré

 Thomas of Celano

 Thomas of Dover

 St. Thomas of Hereford

 Thomas of Jesus

 Thomas of Jorz

 Thomas of Strasburg

 St. Thomas of Villanova

 Bl. Thomas Percy

 Bl. Thomas Sherwood

 Louis Thomassin

 Bl. Thomas Woodhouse

 Thomism

 Thompson

 Francis Thompson

 Right Honourable Sir John Sparrow David Thompson

 Thompson River Indians

 Jean-Joseph Thonissen

 Thorney Abbey

 Feast of the Crown of Thorns

 Ven. Robert Thorpe

 Jacques-Auguste de Thou

 Nicolas de Thou

 Three Chapters

 Diocese of Three Rivers

 Throne

 Thuburbo Minus

 Thugga

 Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Thugut

 Ven. John Thulis

 Thundering Legion

 Count Leo Thun-Hohenstein

 Thuringia

 Johannes Thurmayr

 Ven. Thomas Thwing

 Thyatira

 Thynias

 Hermann Thyräus

 Tiara

 Pellegrino Tibaldi

 Tiberias

 Sea of Tiberias

 Tiberiopolis

 Tiberius

 Tibet

 Sts. Tiburtius and Susanna

 Ticelia

 Ven. Nicholas Tichborne

 Ven. Thomas Tichborne

 Ticonius

 Ticuna Indians

 Joseph Tieffentaller

 Tiepolo

 Mark Aloysius Tierney

 St. Tigris

 Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont

 Johannes Tserclæs, Count of Tilly

 Timbrias

 Time

 Sts. Timotheus and Symphorian

 Epistles to Timothy and Titus

 Timucua Indians

 Mary Agnes Tincker

 Tingis

 See of Tinin

 Diocese of Tinos and Mykonos

 Tintern Abbey

 Il Tintoretto

 Tipasa

 Girolamo Tiraboschi

 Diocese of Tiraspol

 Benvenuto Tisio da Garofalo

 James Tissot

 Tithes

 Titian

 Titopolis

 Titulus

 Titus, Bishop of Bostra

 Titus

 Tius

 Diocese of Tivoli

 Tlaxcala

 Tlos

 Giuseppe Toaldo

 Toba Indians

 Tobias

 Alexis de Tocqueville

 Diocese of Todi

 Tokio

 Archdiocese of Toledo

 Diocese of Toledo (Ohio)

 Francisco Toledo

 History of Toleration

 Religious Toleration

 John Baptist Tolomei

 Tomb

 Tomb of the Blessed Virgin Mary

 Tomi

 Abbey of Tongerloo

 Salvator Tongiorgi

 Gift of Tongues

 Tonica Indians

 Tonkawa Indians

 Tonsure

 Hugh Tootell

 Torah

 Francesco Torbido

 St. Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo

 Girolamo Francesco Tornielli

 Torone

 Archdiocese of Toronto

 Tomás de Torquemada

 Francisco Torres

 Bartolemé de Torres Naharro

 Evangelista Torricelli

 José Torrubia

 Diocese of Tortona

 Diocese of Tortosa

 Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

 Tosephta

 Alonso Tostado

 Luigi Tosti

 Totemism

 Totonac Indians

 George Anselm Touchet

 Archdiocese of Toulouse

 Diocese of Tournai

 Joseph Pitton de Tournefort

 Honoré Tournély

 Volume 16

 Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon

 Antoine Touron

 Archdiocese of Tours

 Charles-François Toustain

 Antoine-Augustin Touttée

 Tower of Babel

 Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis de Tracy

 Tradition and Living Magisterium

 Traditionalism

 Traducianism

 Trajan

 Trajanopolis (1)

 Trajanopolis (2)

 Tralles

 Diocese of Trani and Barletta

 Transcendentalism

 Transept

 Transfiguration

 Feast of Transfiguration of Christ

 Vicariate Apostolic of the Transvaal

 Transylvania

 Diocese of Transylvania

 Diocese of Trapani

 Trapezopolis

 Trappists

 Sts. Trasilla and Emiliana

 Accusations of Treason

 Diocese of Trebizond

 Trebnitz

 Lettice Mary Tredway

 Francis Tregian

 Tremithus

 Council of Trent

 Diocese of Trent (Tridentum)

 Diocese of Trenton

 Sir Thomas Tresham

 Diocese of Treviso

 Jewish Tribe

 Diocese of Tricarico

 Charles Joseph Tricassin

 Tricca

 Diocese of Trichinopoly

 Vicariate Apostolic of Trichur (Trichurensis)

 Tricomia

 Triduum

 Diocese of Trier

 Francis a Paula Triesnecker

 Diocese of Triest-Capo d'Istria

 Diocese of Trincomalee

 Abbey of Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni

 Order of Trinitarians

 Blessed Trinity

 Trinity College

 Trinity Sunday

 Triple-Candle-stick

 Prefecture Apostolic of Tripoli

 Tripolis

 Giangiorgio Trissino

 Tritheists

 John Trithemius

 Diocese of Trivento

 Nicholas Trivet

 Troas

 Trocmades

 John de Trokelowe

 Ancient See of Trondhjem

 Trope

 Scriptural Tropology

 John Thomas Troy

 Diocese of Troyes

 Truce of God

 Otto Truchsess von Waldburg

 St. Trudo

 St. Trudpert

 Antonio de Trueba

 Diocese of Trujillo

 Feast of Trumpets

 St. Trumwin

 Trustee System

 Trusts and Bequests

 Truth

 Catholic Truth Societies

 Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha

 Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim

 John Nepomuk Tschupick

 Archdiocese of Tuam

 School of Tuam

 University of Tübingen

 Tubunae

 Diocese of Tucson

 Diocese of Tucumán

 Diocese of Tudela

 Diocese of Tuguegarao

 Diocese of Tulancingo

 Louis-René Tulasne

 Diocese of Tulle

 Tunic

 Tunis

 Diocese of Tunja

 Tunkers

 Cuthbert Tunstall

 Ven. Thomas Tunstall

 Simon Tunsted

 Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot

 Turin

 University of Turin

 Turkestan

 Turkish Empire

 Adrian Turnebus

 Turpin

 Tuscany

 Diocese of Tuy

 St. John Twenge

 Twiketal of Croyland

 Tyana

 St. Tychicus

 Tynemouth Priory

 Types in Scripture

 Tyrannicide

 Tyre

 James Tyrie

Diocese of Trent (Tridentum)


(TRIDENTUM; TRIDENTINA).

Diocese; suffragan of Salzburg. Trent became universally known through the famous general council held there from 1545 to 1563. At an earlier date, however, it had a certain historical importance. In 15 B.C. its territory became subject to the Romans. As early as 381 there appeared at the Council of Aquileia Abundantius, Bishop of Trent. While Arianism and the barbarian invasions elsewhere smothered the seed of the gospel, it grew in Trent under the care and protection of St. Vigilius. Bishop Valerian of Aquileia had consecrated the youthful Vigilius, while the great Ambrose of Milan had instructed him as to his duties in lengthy, fatherly, epistles. Vigilius came to his end prematurely; he was stoned to death when barely forty years of age.

In the sixth century during the Three Chapters controversy, the Provinces of Milan and Aquileia continued in schism even after Popes Vigilius and Pelagius I had recognized the decrees of the Council of Constantinople; through the Patriarch of Aquileia the bishops of Trent also persisted in the schism. Placed between Germany and Italy, Trent was exposed to the influences of both. Ecclesiastically it remained subject to Aquileia until 1751, but in political affairs it could not withstand the power of the Salic and Saxon kings and emperors. Under the first Franconian king, Bishop Ulrich II became an independent prince of the empire, with the powers and privileges of a duke. In consideration of imperial favour the bishops of Trent sided with Henry IV and Frederick I during the great struggle between the Church and the Empire, but in such a skilful manner so as to avoid a rupture with the pope. Bishop Adelbert is even revered as a saint, although he sided with the antipope Victor IV, who had been chosen by the emperor; in those times of confusion it was often difficult to find the right path. He died a martyr in defence of the rights of his see (1177). Under Innocent III, Friedrich von Wanga raised Trent to the height of its power and influence. He was a great temporal and ecclesiastical ruler. He used every means to kindle and strengthen the religious spirit, and began the building of the splendid Romanesque cathedral. He died at Acre in 1218 during the Fourth Crusade.

The untimely death of Meinhard III, son of Margaret of Tyrol, brought Trent under the rule of Austria in 1363. In 1369 Rudolph IV concluded a treaty with Bishop Albrecht II of Ortenburg, by virtue of which Rudolph became the real sovereign of the diocese. The bishop promised in his own name and in that of his successors to acknowledge the duke and his heirs as lords, and to render assistance to them against their enemies. Thereafter Trent ceased to be an independent principality, and became a part of the Tyrol. Ortenburg's successor was George I of Liechtenstein, who endeavoured to regain its independence for the see. His efforts involved him in several wars, terminated only by his death in 1419. More than once during these wars he was taken prisoner, while the duke was excommunicated and the see interdicted.

The much discussed story of the death of St. Simon of Trent belongs to the reign of Prince-Bishop Johannes IV Hinderbach. On Holy Thursday of the year 1475, the little child, then about 20 months old, son of a gardener, was missed by its parents. On the evening of Easter Sunday the body was found in a ditch. Several Jews, who were accused of the murder, were cruelly tortured.

The sixteenth century was a time of trouble and worry for the Church in the Tyrol. In the towns the Lutherans, in the villages and among the peasants the Anabaptists, multiplied. After many ineffectual efforts, the sovereign, bishops and several monastic orders combined their authority, and a new order set in, which reached its climax in the Council of Trent. At the time of the council Cardinal Christoph von Madrutz was prince-bishop. He was succeeded by three members of his house, with the last of whom the house of Madrutz died out. The decrees of the council were executed but slowly. In 1593 Cardinal Ludwig von Madrutz founded the seminary, which later was conducted by the Somaschi. The Jesuits came to Trent in 1622.

Peter Vigil, Count of Thun, governed the see during the Josephite reforms, with which he was in sympathy. He abolished some of the monasteries in his territory, interfered with the constitutions of the various orders, and closed some churches. When the patriarchate of Aquileia ceased to exist in 1751, Trent became exempt. During the administration of his successor, Emmanuel Maria Count of Thun, it ceased to be an independent ecclesiastical principality (1803). The Bavarian Government insisted on the following: (1) priests were to be ordained only after an examination at the university; (2) the bishops were to order their clergy to obey all orders of the Government in connection with the ecclesiastical police; (3) when filling benefices a list of three names was to be presented by the bishop to the Government or by the Government to the bishop; (4) recourse to Rome or combination with other bishops was forbidden. Bishop Emmanuel replied that he would remain true to his oath to support and defend the privileges of the Church, and that he would rather suffer all the consequences which might arise from his refusal rather than act against his conscience. He was expelled in 1807 and crossed the frontier into Salzburg at Reichenhall. He could only return after the Tyrolese had freed themselves of the Bavarian yoke. After the Peace of Viena negotiation were begun relative to the circumscription of the dioceses of the Tyrol, and were concluded in 1825. Trent was made a suffragan of Salzburg, and the bishops, instead of being chosen by the chapter, were appointed by the emperor. The 115th Bishop of Trent was Johann Nepomuk Tschiderer. He died on 12 March, 1860, and his canonization is already under way. The diocese numbers 602,000 Catholics, 1072 priests, 817 male religious, and 1527 nuns.

Acta Tirolensia, urkundliche Quellen zur Geschichte Tirols (2 vols., 1886, 1899); KINK, Urkundenbuch des Hochstiftes Trient in Fontes rerum Austriacarum, II (5 vols., Vienna, 1812); ATZ, Der deutsche Anteil des Bistums Trient (Bozen, 1879); Austria sancta: Die Heiligen und Seligen Tirols. (Vienna, 1910); RONELLI, Notizie istorice-critiche delle Chiese di Trento (3 vols., Trent, 1761); PINCIUS, De vitis Pontificum Tridentinorum, lib. XII (Mantua, 1546); Kurze Geschichte des Bistums und der Bischofe von Trient (Bozen, 1852).

C. Wolfsgruber.