Tabæ

 Diocese of Tabasco

 John Bannister Tabb

 Tabbora

 Tabernacle (Tabernaculum)

 Tabernacle

 Feast of Tabernacles

 Tabernacle Societies

 Tabernacle Society

 Tacana Indians

 Tacapæ

 Alexandre-Antonin Taché

 Etienne-Pascal Taché

 Tadama

 Tænarum

 Taensa Indians

 Vicariate Apostolic of Tahiti

 Ven. Anna Maria Gesualda Antonia Taigi

 Tait Indians

 Takkali

 James Talbot

 John Talbot

 Peter Talbot

 Thomas Joseph Talbot

 Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

 Thomas Tallis

 Talmud

 Jean Talon

 Nicolas Talon

 Pierre Talon

 Tamanac Indians

 Tamassus

 Diocese of Tamaulipas

 Michelangelo Tamburini

 Thomas Tamburini

 Tametsi

 Marie-Marthe-Baptistine Tamisier

 Tanagra

 Tancred

 Roger Brooke Taney

 Cyprien Tanguay

 Tanis

 Adam Tanner

 Conrad Tanner

 Edmund Tanner

 Matthias Tanner

 Tantum Ergo

 Bernardo Tanucci

 Taoism

 Taos Pueblo

 Aloysius Taparelli

 Tapestry

 Esteban Tapis

 Helena Tarabotti

 Sts. Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus

 Diocese of Taranto

 Vicariate Apostolic of Tarapacá (de Tarapacá)

 St. Tarasius

 Diocese of Tarazona

 Diocese of Tarbes

 Diocese of Tarentaise

 Targum

 Pierre Tarisel

 St. Tarkin

 Diocese of Tarnow

 Camillus Tarquini

 Archdiocese of Tarragona

 St. Tarsicius

 Tarsus

 Nicolò Tartaglia

 Giuseppe Tartini

 Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau

 St. Tassach

 Joseph Tassé

 René-Prosper Tassin

 Torquato Tasso

 Alessandro Tassoni

 Tatian

 St. Tatwin

 Diocese of Taubaté

 John Tauler

 Ethelred Taunton

 John Taverner

 Tavistock Abbey

 Tavium

 Taxa Innocentiana

 John de Taxster

 Frances Margaret Taylor

 Ven. Hugh Taylor

 Antonio Tebaldeo

 Te Deum

 Catherine Tegakwitha (Tekakwitha, Takwitha)

 Tegernsee

 Diocese of Tehuantepec

 St. Teilo

 Teleology

 Telepathy

 Diocese of Telese

 Bernardino Telesio

 Pope St. Telesphorus

 Telesphorus of Cosenza

 Tell el-Amarna Tablets

 Gabriel Téllez

 Michel Le Tellier (2)

 Telmessus

 Te Lucis Ante Terminum

 Vicariate Apostolic of Temiskaming

 Temnus

 Wilhelm Tempel

 Temperance

 Temperance Movements

 Knights Templars

 Temple

 Sisters of the Temple

 Temple of Jerusalem

 Temptation

 Temptation of Christ

 Pierre-Guérin de Tencin

 Tenebræ

 Tenedos

 Diocese of Teneriffe

 David Teniers

 Tennessee

 William Jewett Tenney

 Tentyris

 Ecclesiastical Tenure

 Teos

 Diocese of Tepic

 Tepl

 Diocese of Teramo

 Terce

 Terenuthis

 St. Teresa of Jesus

 Sixteen Blessed Teresian Martyrs of Compiègne

 Anthony Terill (Bonville)

 Termessus

 Diocese of Termoli

 St. Ternan

 Diocese of Terracina, Sezze, and Piperno

 André Terrasson

 Terrestrial Paradise

 Jean-Baptiste Terrien

 Tertiaries

 Tertullian

 Diocese of Teruel

 Old Testament

 New Testament

 Testem Benevolentiae

 Missouri Test-Oath

 Johann Tetzel

 Teuchira

 Teutonic Order

 Tewdrig

 Tewkesbury Abbey

 State of Texas

 Mount Thabor

 Thabraca

 Thacia Montana

 Thænæ

 Thagaste

 Thagora

 St. Thais

 Sigismond Thalberg

 Valentin Thalhofer

 Thangmar

 Thanksgiving before and after Meals

 Thanksgiving Day

 Thapsus

 Thasos

 Thaumaci

 John Thayer

 Theatines

 The Theatre

 Thebaid

 Augustus Thébaud

 Thebes (1)

 Thebes (2)

 St. Thecla

 Sts. Thecla

 Theft

 Thegan (Degan) of Treves

 Augustin Theiner

 Thelepte

 Themiscyra

 Themisonium

 Baron Louis-Jacques Thénard

 Thennesus

 St. Theobald

 Theobald

 Theocracy

 St. Theodard

 Theodicy

 Pope Theodore I

 Pope Theodore II

 Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury

 Theodore of Mopsuestia

 St. Theodore of Amasea

 Theodore of Gaza

 St. Theodore of Studium

 Theodoret

 Theodoric of Chartres

 Theodoric the Great

 Sts. Theodorus and Theophanes

 Theodorus Lector

 Theodosiopolis

 Theodosius I

 Theodosius Florentini

 St. Theodotus of Ancyra

 Theodulf

 Theology

 Ascetical Theology

 Christology

 Dogmatic Theology

 History of Dogmatic Theology

 Mystical Theology

 Moral Theology

 Pastoral Theology

 Theonas

 St. Theophanes

 Theophanes Kerameus

 Bl. Théophane Vénard

 Theophilanthropists

 Theophilus (1)

 Theophilus (2)

 Theosophy

 Domenico Theotocopuli

 Diocese of Thera

 Thermæ Basilicæ

 Thermopylæ

 Epistles to the Thessalonians

 Thessalonica

 Theveste

 Thibaris

 Thibaut de Champagne

 Thierry of Freiburg

 Louis-Adolphe Thiers

 Thignica

 Joseph Albert Alberdingk Thijm

 Peter Paul Maria Alberdingk Thijm

 Richard Thimelby

 Third Orders

 Thirty Years War

 Thmuis

 St. Thomas the Apostle

 Charles L.A. Thomas

 Bl. Thomas Abel

 Thomas á Jesu

 Thomas a Kempis

 Ven. Thomas Alfield

 St. Thomas Aquinas

 St. Thomas Becket

 St. Thomas Christians

 Bl. Thomas Cottam

 Bl. Thomas Ford

 Bl. Thomas Johnson

 Bl. Thomas More

 Thomas of Beckington

 Thomas of Bradwardine

 Thomas of Cantimpré

 Thomas of Celano

 Thomas of Dover

 St. Thomas of Hereford

 Thomas of Jesus

 Thomas of Jorz

 Thomas of Strasburg

 St. Thomas of Villanova

 Bl. Thomas Percy

 Bl. Thomas Sherwood

 Louis Thomassin

 Bl. Thomas Woodhouse

 Thomism

 Thompson

 Francis Thompson

 Right Honourable Sir John Sparrow David Thompson

 Thompson River Indians

 Jean-Joseph Thonissen

 Thorney Abbey

 Feast of the Crown of Thorns

 Ven. Robert Thorpe

 Jacques-Auguste de Thou

 Nicolas de Thou

 Three Chapters

 Diocese of Three Rivers

 Throne

 Thuburbo Minus

 Thugga

 Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Thugut

 Ven. John Thulis

 Thundering Legion

 Count Leo Thun-Hohenstein

 Thuringia

 Johannes Thurmayr

 Ven. Thomas Thwing

 Thyatira

 Thynias

 Hermann Thyräus

 Tiara

 Pellegrino Tibaldi

 Tiberias

 Sea of Tiberias

 Tiberiopolis

 Tiberius

 Tibet

 Sts. Tiburtius and Susanna

 Ticelia

 Ven. Nicholas Tichborne

 Ven. Thomas Tichborne

 Ticonius

 Ticuna Indians

 Joseph Tieffentaller

 Tiepolo

 Mark Aloysius Tierney

 St. Tigris

 Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont

 Johannes Tserclæs, Count of Tilly

 Timbrias

 Time

 Sts. Timotheus and Symphorian

 Epistles to Timothy and Titus

 Timucua Indians

 Mary Agnes Tincker

 Tingis

 See of Tinin

 Diocese of Tinos and Mykonos

 Tintern Abbey

 Il Tintoretto

 Tipasa

 Girolamo Tiraboschi

 Diocese of Tiraspol

 Benvenuto Tisio da Garofalo

 James Tissot

 Tithes

 Titian

 Titopolis

 Titulus

 Titus, Bishop of Bostra

 Titus

 Tius

 Diocese of Tivoli

 Tlaxcala

 Tlos

 Giuseppe Toaldo

 Toba Indians

 Tobias

 Alexis de Tocqueville

 Diocese of Todi

 Tokio

 Archdiocese of Toledo

 Diocese of Toledo (Ohio)

 Francisco Toledo

 History of Toleration

 Religious Toleration

 John Baptist Tolomei

 Tomb

 Tomb of the Blessed Virgin Mary

 Tomi

 Abbey of Tongerloo

 Salvator Tongiorgi

 Gift of Tongues

 Tonica Indians

 Tonkawa Indians

 Tonsure

 Hugh Tootell

 Torah

 Francesco Torbido

 St. Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo

 Girolamo Francesco Tornielli

 Torone

 Archdiocese of Toronto

 Tomás de Torquemada

 Francisco Torres

 Bartolemé de Torres Naharro

 Evangelista Torricelli

 José Torrubia

 Diocese of Tortona

 Diocese of Tortosa

 Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

 Tosephta

 Alonso Tostado

 Luigi Tosti

 Totemism

 Totonac Indians

 George Anselm Touchet

 Archdiocese of Toulouse

 Diocese of Tournai

 Joseph Pitton de Tournefort

 Honoré Tournély

 Volume 16

 Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon

 Antoine Touron

 Archdiocese of Tours

 Charles-François Toustain

 Antoine-Augustin Touttée

 Tower of Babel

 Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis de Tracy

 Tradition and Living Magisterium

 Traditionalism

 Traducianism

 Trajan

 Trajanopolis (1)

 Trajanopolis (2)

 Tralles

 Diocese of Trani and Barletta

 Transcendentalism

 Transept

 Transfiguration

 Feast of Transfiguration of Christ

 Vicariate Apostolic of the Transvaal

 Transylvania

 Diocese of Transylvania

 Diocese of Trapani

 Trapezopolis

 Trappists

 Sts. Trasilla and Emiliana

 Accusations of Treason

 Diocese of Trebizond

 Trebnitz

 Lettice Mary Tredway

 Francis Tregian

 Tremithus

 Council of Trent

 Diocese of Trent (Tridentum)

 Diocese of Trenton

 Sir Thomas Tresham

 Diocese of Treviso

 Jewish Tribe

 Diocese of Tricarico

 Charles Joseph Tricassin

 Tricca

 Diocese of Trichinopoly

 Vicariate Apostolic of Trichur (Trichurensis)

 Tricomia

 Triduum

 Diocese of Trier

 Francis a Paula Triesnecker

 Diocese of Triest-Capo d'Istria

 Diocese of Trincomalee

 Abbey of Trinità di Cava dei Tirreni

 Order of Trinitarians

 Blessed Trinity

 Trinity College

 Trinity Sunday

 Triple-Candle-stick

 Prefecture Apostolic of Tripoli

 Tripolis

 Giangiorgio Trissino

 Tritheists

 John Trithemius

 Diocese of Trivento

 Nicholas Trivet

 Troas

 Trocmades

 John de Trokelowe

 Ancient See of Trondhjem

 Trope

 Scriptural Tropology

 John Thomas Troy

 Diocese of Troyes

 Truce of God

 Otto Truchsess von Waldburg

 St. Trudo

 St. Trudpert

 Antonio de Trueba

 Diocese of Trujillo

 Feast of Trumpets

 St. Trumwin

 Trustee System

 Trusts and Bequests

 Truth

 Catholic Truth Societies

 Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha

 Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer zu Gleifheim

 John Nepomuk Tschupick

 Archdiocese of Tuam

 School of Tuam

 University of Tübingen

 Tubunae

 Diocese of Tucson

 Diocese of Tucumán

 Diocese of Tudela

 Diocese of Tuguegarao

 Diocese of Tulancingo

 Louis-René Tulasne

 Diocese of Tulle

 Tunic

 Tunis

 Diocese of Tunja

 Tunkers

 Cuthbert Tunstall

 Ven. Thomas Tunstall

 Simon Tunsted

 Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot

 Turin

 University of Turin

 Turkestan

 Turkish Empire

 Adrian Turnebus

 Turpin

 Tuscany

 Diocese of Tuy

 St. John Twenge

 Twiketal of Croyland

 Tyana

 St. Tychicus

 Tynemouth Priory

 Types in Scripture

 Tyrannicide

 Tyre

 James Tyrie

Diocese of Tiraspol


DIOCESE OF TIRASPOL (or CHERSONESE) (TIRASPOLENSIS; CHERSONENSIS)

Diocese in Southern Russia suffragan of Mohilev, covers the governments of Saratov, Samara, Kherson, Ekaterinoslav, Taurida, and Bessarabia. It is one of the largest dioceses in the world, and has an area of 462,504 square miles. There are in the diocese 350,000 Latin Christians, chiefly the descendants of German colonists, in 100 parishes, about 40,000 Armenian Catholics in 50 parishes, and over 300 Chaldean Catholics for whom there is one parish. The priests number about 210, 60 being Armenians. The bishop lives at Saratov, the capital of the government of the same name. The ecclesiastical institutions are, besides the cathedral chapter, the seminary for priests at Saratov, which has a rector, an inspector, a spiritual director, and five professors; there is also a seminary for boys at the same place, with three professors. Religious orders are not permitted. For some years the Armenian Catholics have had an Apostolic administrator of their own (Sarkis Ter Abrahamian) to whom all Armenian Catholics in the whole of Russia are subject. In important decisions he is dependent on the Bishop of Tiraspol.

During the second half of the eighteenth century large numbers of German colonists went to Russia at the urgent request of the Empress Catherine II. These emigrants were chiefly from Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Saxony, Alsace-Lorraine, the Tyrol, and Switzerland; they settled in the fruitful but uninhabited lands in the southern part of Russia. The colonies founded by them have retained their German names, as Mannheim, Munich, etc. as well as the German language and character. Among the half-million German settlers there were about 180,000 Catholics, who settled in villages of their own, apart from the members of other confessions. These Catholic villages were generally in the basin of the Volga and of the Caspian Sea. The Catholics were cared for spiritually at first by a few priests who had emigrated with them, but these pastors soon succumbed to privations and the unaccustomed climate. After this the Russian Government sent Catholic priests from the provinces on the Baltic. Alexander I transferred the pastoral care of the Catholic colonies to the Jesuits, who came among them in 1803. Unfortunately, the expulsion of the Jesuits from Russia in 1820 put an end to their fruitful labours. The Jesuits were replaced by priests from various Polish monasteries, chiefly Dominicans, Carmelites, Trinitarians, and Vincentians, many of them old, feeble men, and unacquainted with the German language. The difference in tongues, the racial antipathy between priests and settlers, and the great distance from the residence of the bishop (St. Petersburg) enormously increased the difficulties of spiritual administration. Thus religious conditions grew gradually more and more intolerable. Negotiations between Rome and St. Petersburg led finally, in 1847, to a concordat, by which, in addition to several other dioceses, a German diocese was established for the colonists of Southern Russia, to be suffragan to Mohilev.

Saratov on the right bank of the Volga was settled upon as the see of the bishop, but the diocese received its name from the small town of Tiraspol, which in the fourteenth century had been the capital of the diocese of Kherson. Besides its vast extent, the new diocese was also singular on account of the varying nationalities of its inhabitants, who included Germans, French, and Italian colonists, besides Russians, Poles, Armenians, Kirghiz, Circassians, Ossetes, Daghestanians, and other peoples. The Government promised to build a cathedral, an episcopal residence, a building for the episcopal curia, and a seminary, and to provide an endowment of the cathedral chapter. In 1850 the first bishop, the German Dominican Ferdinand Helanus Kahn, was installed. The auxiliary bishop was a Pole. The promises of the Government were not fulfilled. On account of age and ill-health the bishop was unable to correct the existing grievances, nor was he sufficiently energetic to make the Government fulfil its obligations. In 1857 a seminary was opened, it is true, but in rented and inadequate quarters; the number of German teachers was also insufficient. After Bishop Kahn's death (1864) the see remained vacant for eight years, all communication between Russia and the Holy See being at that time suspended. It was not until 1872 that the rectory of the seminary, Franz Xaver Zottmann, was appointed bishop (b. at Ornbau in the Bavarian Diocese of Eichstatt in 1826). In 1864 he had visited Eichstatt and there secured some professors for the seminary.

Bishop Zottmann laboured by speech, writing, and example, and by extraordinary activity in all directions, for the spiritual, moral, and material improvement of his diocese. He collected the money necessary to build a suitable cathedral, obtained a building for the seminaries, and spared no sacrifice to train a capable body of German parish priests. Without abandoning the rights of the Church, he kept on good terms with the Government, and thus could do much that was forbidden to the Polish bishops. He could issue pastoral letters in the diocese, undertake journeys for making confirmations and for visitation, arrange collections of money, and even go to Rome, where, in 1882, he was the first Russian Catholic bishop to pay homage to the pope. On account of illness he resigned in 1888, and died in his native city on 12 December, 1901. He had made his diocese one of the best organized in Russia. His work was worthily carried on, after his resignation, by Anton Zerr, who came from a German colony near Odessa, and had been educated at the Tiraspol seminary. Zerr resigned in 1902 on account of ill-health, and was succeeded by Eduard von der Ropp. Scarcely two years had elapsed before von der Ropp was transferred to the See of Vilna. He was followed by the present bishop, Joseph Kessler, b. at Louis, a village of German colonists in the Government of Samara, in 1862; consecrated 28 October, 1904.

KELLER, Die deutschen Kolonien in Sudrussland (Odessa, 1905); ZOTTMANN, Franz X. von Zottmann, Bishof der Diozese Tiraspol (Munich, 1904); Katholische Missionen (1905-06), 125 sq.; Deutscher Volkskalender fur Stadt und Land auf das Jahr 1911 (Odessa, 1911), 177-90.

JOSEPH LINS