Athanasius of Alexandria, Apology to the Emperor. (Apologia Ad Constantium.)

Observing these things, I did not give sentence against myself, but hastened to come to your Piety, with this my defence, knowing your goodness, and remembering your faithful promises, and being confident that, as it is written in the divine Proverbs, ‘Just speeches are acceptable to a gracious king79 Prov. xvi. 13. quoted otherwise, supr. §12..’ But when I had already entered upon my journey, and had passed through the desert80 [Probably the Libyan desert, as Const. was now in Italy.], a report suddenly reached me81 In this chapter he breaks off his Oratorical form, and ends his Apology much more in the form of a letter, vid. however τῶν λόγων καιρόν, infr. §§34, 35 init. προσφωνήσω, §35., which at first I thought to be incredible, but which afterwards proved to be true. It was rumoured everywhere that Liberius, Bishop of Rome, the great Hosius of Spain, Paulinus of Gaul, Dionysius and Eusebius of Italy, Lucifer of Sardinia, and certain other Bishops and Presbyters and Deacons, had been banished82 Council of Milan 355, see Apol. Fug. 5. because they refused to subscribe to my condemnation. These had been banished: and Vincentius of Capua, Fortunatian of Aquileia, Heremius of Thessalonica, and all the Bishops of the West, were treated with no ordinary force, nay were suffering extreme violence and grievous injuries, until they could be induced to promise that they would not communicate with me. While I was astonished and perplexed at these tidings, behold another report83 Vid. Hist. Ar. §§31, 32, 54, 70, &c. [Prolegg. ch, ii. §8 (1).] overtook me, respecting them of Egypt and Libya, that nearly ninety Bishops had been under persecution, and that their Churches were given up to the professors of Arianism; that sixteen had been banished, and of the rest, some had fled, and others were constrained to dissemble. For the persecution was said to be so violent in those parts, that at Alexandria, while the brethren were praying during Easter and on the Lord’s days in a desert place near the cemetery, the General came upon them with a force of soldiery, more than three thousand in number, with arms, drawn swords, and spears; whereupon outrages, such as might be expected to follow so unprovoked an attack, were committed against women and children, who were doing nothing more than praying to God. It would perhaps be unseasonable to give an account of them now, lest the mere mention of such enormities should move us all to tears. But such was their cruelty, that virgins were stripped, and even the bodies of those who died from the blows they received were not immediately given up for burial, but were cast out to the dogs, until their relatives, with great risk to themselves, came secretly and stole them away, and much effort was necessary, that no one might know it.

27 Ταῦτα συνορῶν, οὐ κατεγίνωσκον ἐμαυτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταύτην ἔχων τὴν ἀπολογίαν, ἠπειγόμην πρὸς τὴν σὴν εὐσέβειαν, εἰδὼς τὴν σὴν φιλανθρωπίαν, διὰ μνήμης τε ἔχων τὰς σὰς ἀψευδεῖς ὑποσχέσεις, καὶ θαρρῶν ὅτι κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον ἐν ταῖς θείαις Παροιμίαις· «Παρὰ φιλανθρώπῳ βασιλεῖ δεκτοί εἰσιν οἱ δίκαιοι λογισμοί». Ἤδη δὲ τῆς ὁδοῦ μου ἐπιβάντος καὶ τὴν ἔρημον ἐξελθόντος, ἀκοή τις γέγονεν ἐξαίφνης· ἥτις ἄπιστος μὲν εἶναι κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐδόκει, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀληθὴς ἐδείχθη. Ἐθρυλεῖτο γὰρ πανταχοῦ ὅτι Λιβέριος ὁ τῆς Ῥώμης ἐπίσκοπος, καὶ ὁ τῶν Σπανιῶν Ὅσιος ὁ μέγας, Παυλῖνός τε ὁ τῶν Γαλλιῶν, καὶ ∆ιονύσιος καὶ Εὐσέβιος οἱ τῆς Ἰταλίας, Λουκίφερός τε ἀπὸ Σαρδινίας καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς ἐπίσκοποι καὶ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ διάκονοι ἐξωρίσθησαν, ὅτι μὴ ἠνέσχοντο καθ' ἡμῶν ὑπογράψαι. Καὶ οὗτοι μὲν ἐξωρίσθησαν, Οὐϊκέντιος δὲ ὁ τῆς Καπύης, καὶ Φουρτουνατιανὸς ὁ τῆς Ἀκυληΐας, Ἡρέμιός τε ὁ τῆς Θεσσαλονίκης, καὶ πάντες οἱ κατὰ τὴν ∆ύσιν ἐπίσκοποι, βίαν οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλείστην ἀνάγκην καὶ δεινὰς ὕβρεις πεπόνθασιν, ἕως ἐπαγγείλωνται μὴ κοινωνεῖν ἡμῖν. Εἶτα καὶ θαυμαζόντων ἡμῶν καὶ διαπορούντων ἐπὶ τούτοις, ἰδοὺ πάλιν ἑτέρα τις κατέλαβεν ἀκοὴ περὶ τῶν κατ' Αἴγυπτον καὶ τὰς Λιβύας, ὅτι οἱ μὲν ἐπίσκοποι ἐγγὺς ἐνενήκοντα ἐδιώχθησαν, αἱ δὲ Ἐκκλησίαι τοῖς ὁμολογοῦσι τὰ Ἀρείου παρεδόθησαν· καὶ ἐξωρίσθησαν μὲν δέκα καὶ ἕξ, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων οἱ μὲν ἐφυγαδεύθησαν, οἱ δὲ ἠναγκάσθησαν ὑποκρίνασθαι. Τοσοῦτος γὰρ ἐλέγετο διωγμὸς ἐκεῖ, ὡς, ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ εὐχομένων τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐν τῷ Πάσχα καὶ ταῖς Κυριακαῖς ἐν ἐρήμῳ τόπῳ πλησίον τοῦ κοιμητηρίου, τὸν στρατηλάτην μετὰ πλήθους στρατιωτῶν πλεῖον τρισχιλίων, ὅπλα καὶ ξίφη γυμνὰ καὶ βέλη φερόντων, ἐπελθεῖν κατὰ τῶν Χριστιανῶν, καὶ λοιπὸν τοιαῦτα γενέσθαι οἷα ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ τοιαύτης ἐπιδρομῆς, κατὰ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων οὐδὲν πλέον ποιούντων ἢ εὐχομένων τῷ Θεῷ. ∆ιηγεῖσθαι δὲ αὐτὰ νῦν ἴσως ἀπρεπὲς μὴ ἄρα καὶ μόνον τούτων ἡ μνήμη δάκρυα πᾶσι κινήσῃ. Καὶ γὰρ τοσαύτη ἦν ἡ ὠμότης, ὡς παρθένους μὲν γυμνοῦσθαι, τῶν δὲ ἀποθανόντων ἐκ τῶν πληγῶν μηδὲ τὰ σώματα παραυτὰ δοθῆναι εἰς ταφήν, ἀλλ' ἔξω ῥίπτεσθαι τοῖς κυσὶν ἕως μετὰ πολλῆς ζημίας κεκρυμμένως κλέψωσιν οἱ οἰκεῖοι τὰ τῶν ἰδίων σώματα, καὶ πολὺς κάματος γένηται τοῦ μηδένα γνῶναι περὶ τούτων.