XIII.  And having been first chastened by many means (because his sins were many, whose root of evil sprang up through divers causes and at sundry times), by word, by law, by prophets, by benefits, by threats, by plagues, by waters, by fires, by wars, by victories, by defeats, by signs in heaven and signs in the air and in the earth and in the sea, by unexpected changes of men, of cities, of nations (the object of which was the destruction of wickedness), at last he needed a stronger remedy, for his diseases were growing worse; mutual slaughters, adulteries, perjuries, unnatural crimes, and that first and last of all evils, idolatry and the transfer of worship from the Creator to the Creatures.  As these required a greater aid, so also they obtained a greater.  And that was that the Word of God Himself—Who is before all worlds, the Invisible, the Incomprehensible, the Bodiless, Beginning of Beginning,30    Cf. Light of Light begotten.  Christ our Lord is called “The Beginning of the Creation of God, because by Him all things were made; and He is of the Beginning, inasmuch as God the Father is the Unoriginate Principle of all, and the Origin and Fount of Godhead.  The Scholiast here refers to Ps. cx. 3, which in the Vulgate and LXX. runs “With Thee is the Beginning in the day of Thy Power.” the Light of Light, the Source of Life and Immortality, the Image of the Archetypal Beauty, the immovable Seal, the unchangeable Image, the Father’s Definition31    Cf. Theol.:  IV. xx., where S. Gregory says “Perhaps this Relation might be compared to that between the Definition and the thing defined.”  Nicetas remarks that, just as the definition declares the nature of the defined, so the Personal Word shows forth the Nature of the Father.  Suidas (in voce ὃρος) says that the phrase is used to show the Unity of Nature between the Father and the Son.  It is not, however, of frequent occurrence. and Word, came to His own Image, and took on Him flesh for the sake of our flesh, and mingled Himself with an intelligent soul for my soul’s sake, purifying like by like; and in all points except sin was made man.  Conceived by the Virgin,32    Luke i. 35. who first in body and soul was purified by the Holy Ghost33    S. Gregory does not seem to have been aware of the doctrine of the “Immaculate Conception.” (for it was needful both that Childbearing should be honoured, and that Virginity should receive a higher honour), He came forth then as God with that which He had assumed, One Person in two Natures, Flesh and Spirit, of which the latter deified the former.34    See note on In Sancta Lumina, c. xiv.  O new commingling; O strange conjunction; the Self-Existent comes into being, the Uncreate is created, That which cannot be contained is contained, by the intervention of an intellectual soul, mediating between the Deity and the corporeity of the flesh.  And He Who gives riches becomes poor, for He assumes the poverty of my flesh, that I may assume the richness of His Godhead.  He that is full empties Himself, for He empties Himself of His glory for a short while, that I may have a share in His Fulness.  What is the riches of His Goodness?  What is this mystery that is around me?  I had a share in the image; I did not keep it; He partakes of my flesh that He may both save the image and make the flesh immortal.  He communicates a second Communion far more marvellous than the first, inasmuch as then He imparted the better Nature, whereas now Himself partakes of the worse.  This is more godlike than the former action, this is loftier in the eyes of all men of understanding.

ΙΓʹ. Πολλοῖς δὲ παιδευθεὶς πρότερον, ἀντὶ πολλῶν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ὧν ἡ τῆς κακίας ῥίζα ἐβλάστησε κατὰ διαφόρους αἰτίας καὶ χρόνους, λόγῳ, νόμῳ, προφήταις, εὐεργεσίαις, ἀπειλαῖς, πληγαῖς, ὕδασιν, ἐμπρησμοῖς, πολέμοις, νίκαις, ἥτταις, σημείοις ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, σημείοις ἐξ ἀέρος, ἐκ γῆς, ἐκ θαλάττης, ἀνδρῶν, πόλεων, ἐθνῶν ἀνελπίστοις μεταβολαῖς, ὑφ' ὧν ἐκτριβῆναι τὴν κακίαν τὸ σπουδαζόμενον ἦν. Τέλος ἰσχυροτέρου δεῖται φαρμάκου ἐπὶ δεινοτέροις τοῖς ἀῤῥωστήμασιν, ἀλληλοφονίαις, μοιχείαις, ἐπιορκίαις, ἀνδρομανίαις, τὸ πάντων ἔσχατον τῶν κακῶν καὶ πρῶτον, εἰδωλολατρείαις, καὶ τῇ μεταθέσει τῆς προσκυνήσεως ἀπὸ τοῦ πεποιηκότος ἐπὶ τὰ κτίσματα. Ταῦτα ἐπειδὴ μείζονος ἐδεῖτο τοῦ βοηθήματος, μείζονος καὶ τυγχάνει. Τὸ δὲ ἦν αὐτὸς ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος, ὁ προαιώνιος, ὁ ἀόρατος, ὁ ἀπερίληπτος, ὁ ἀσώματος, ἡ ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀρχὴ, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ φωτὸς φῶς, ἡ πηγὴ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τῆς ἀθανασίας, τὸ ἐκμαγεῖον τοῦ ἀρχετύπου κάλλους, ἡ μὴ κινουμένη σφραγὶς, ἡ ἀπαράλλακτος εἰκὼν, ὁ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὅρος καὶ λόγος: ἐπὶ τὴν ἰδίαν εἰκόνα χωρεῖ, καὶ σάρκα φορεῖ διὰ τὴν σάρκα, καὶ ψυχῇ νοερᾷ διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ψυχὴν μίγνυται, τῷ ὁμοίῳ τὸ ὅμοιον ἀνακαθαίρων. Καὶ πάντα γίγνεται, πλὴν τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἄνθρωπος: κυηθεὶς μὲν ἐκ τῆς Παρθένου, καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σάρκα προκαθαρθείσης τῷ Πνεύματι (ἔδει γὰρ καὶ γέννησιν τιμηθῆναι, καὶ παρθενίαν προτιμηθῆναι): προελθὼν δὲ Θεὸς μετὰ τῆς προσλήψεως, ἓν ἐκ δύο τῶν ἐναντίων, σαρκὸς καὶ Πνεύματος: ὧν, τὸ μὲν ἐθέωσε, τὸ δὲ ἐθεώθη. Ὢ τῆς καινῆς μίξεως! ὢ τῆς παραδόξου κράσεως! ὁ ὢν γίνεται, καὶ ὁ ἄκτιστος κτίζεται, καὶ ὁ ἀχώρητος χωρεῖται, διὰ μέσης ψυχῆς νοερᾶς μεσιτευούσης θεότητι, καὶ σαρκὸς παχύτητι. Καὶ ὁ πλουτίζων, πτωχεύει: πτωχεύει γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν σάρκα, ἵν' ἐγὼ πλουτήσω τὴν αὐτοῦ θεότητα. Καὶ ὁ πλήρης, κενοῦται: κενοῦται γὰρ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δόξης ἐπὶ μικρὸν, ἵν' ἐγὼ τῆς ἐκείνου μεταλάβω πληρώσεως. Τίς ὁ πλοῦτος τῆς ἀγαθότητος; Τί τὸ περὶ ἐμὲ τοῦτο μυστήριον; Μετέλαβον τῆς εἰκόνος, καὶ οὐκ ἐφύλαξα: μεταλαμβάνει τῆς ἐμῆς σαρκὸς, ἵνα καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα σώσῃ, καὶ τὴν σάρκα ἀθανατίσῃ. Δευτέραν κοινωνεῖ κοινωνίαν, πολὺ τῆς προτέρας παραδοξοτέραν: ὅσῳ τότε μὲν τοῦ κρείττονος μετέδωκε, νῦν δὲ μεταλαμβάνει τοῦ χείρονος. Τοῦτο τοῦ προτέρου θεοειδέστερον: τοῦτο τοῖς νοῦν ἔχουσιν ὑψηλότερον.