Chapter 9.—Against Those Who Believed the Father Only to Be Immortal and Invisible. The Truth to Be Sought by Peaceful Study.

15. But they who will have these texts understood only of the Father, and not of the Son or the Holy Spirit, declare the Son to be visible, not by having taken flesh of the Virgin, but aforetime also in Himself. For He Himself, they say, appeared to the eyes of the Fathers. And if you say to them, In whatever manner, then, the Son is visible in Himself, in that manner also He is mortal in Himself; so that it plainly follows that you would have this saying also understood only of the Father, viz., “Who only hath immortality;” for if the Son is mortal from having taken upon Him our flesh, then allow that it is on account of this flesh that He is also visible: they reply, that it is not on account of this flesh that they say that the Son is mortal; but that, just as He was also before visible, so He was also before mortal. For if they say the Son is mortal from having taken our flesh, then it is not the Father alone without the Son who hath immortality; because His Word also has immortality, by which all things were made. For He did not therefore lose His immortality, because He took mortal flesh; seeing that it could not happen even to the human soul, that it should die with the body, when the Lord Himself says, “Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul.”259    Matt. x. 28 Or, forsooth, also the Holy Spirit took flesh: concerning whom certainly they will, without doubt, be troubled to say—if the Son is mortal on account of taking our flesh—in what manner they understand that the Father only has immortality without the Son and the Holy Spirit, since, indeed, the Holy Spirit did not take our flesh; and if He has not immortality, then the Son is not mortal on account of taking our flesh; but if the Holy Spirit has immortality, then it is not said only of the Father, “Who only hath immortality.” And therefore they think they are able to prove that the Son in Himself was mortal also before the incarnation, because changeableness itself is not unfitly called mortality, according to which the soul also is said to die; not because it is changed and turned into body, or into some substance other than itself, but because, whatever in its own selfsame substance is now after another mode than it once was, is discovered to be mortal, in so far as it has ceased to be what it was. Because then, say they, before the Son of God was born of the Virgin Mary, He Himself appeared to our fathers, not in one and the same form only, but in many forms; first in one form, then in another; He is both visible in Himself, because His substance was visible to mortal eyes, when He had not yet taken our flesh, and mortal, inasmuch as He is changeable. And so also the Holy Spirit, who appeared at one time as a dove, and another time as fire. Whence, they say, the following texts do not belong to the Trinity, but singularly and properly to the Father only: “Now unto the King eternal, immortal, and invisible, the only wise God;” and, “Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath seen, nor can see.”

16. Passing by, then, these reasoners, who are unable to know the substance even of the soul, which is invisible, and therefore are very far indeed from knowing that the substance of the one and only God, that is, the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, remains ever not only invisible, but also unchangeable, and that hence it possesses true and real immortality; let us, who deny that God, whether the Father, or the Son, or the Holy Spirit, ever appeared to bodily eyes, unless through the corporeal creature made subject to His own power; let us, I say—ready to be corrected, if we are reproved in a fraternal and upright spirit, ready to be so, even if carped at by an enemy, so that he speak the truth—in catholic peace and with peaceful study inquire, whether God indiscriminately appeared to our fathers before Christ came in the flesh, or whether it was any one person of the Trinity, or whether severally, as it were by turns.

CAPUT IX.

15. Contra eos qui credebant solum Patrem immortalem et invisibilem. Pacifico studio quaerenda veritas. Verum illi qui ista non de Filio nec de Spiritu sancto, sed tantum de Patre accipi volunt, dicunt visibilem Filium, non per carnem de Virgine assumptam, sed etiam antea per se ipsum. Nam ipse, inquiunt, apparuit oculis Patrum. Quibus si dixeris, Quomodo ergo visibilis per se ipsum Filius, ita et mortalis per se ipsum, ut constet vobis quod tantummodo de Patre vultis intelligi, quod dictum est, Qui solus habet immortalitatem: nam si propter carnem susceptam mortalis est Filius, propter hanc sinite ut sit et visibilis: respondent, nec propter hanc se mortalem Filium dicere; sed sicut et ante visibilem, ita et ante mortalem. Nam si propter carnem Filium dicunt esse mortalem, jam non Pater sine Filio solus habet immortalitatem; quia et Verbum ejus, per quod facta sunt omnia, habet immortalitatem. Neque enim quia carnem assumpsit mortalem, ideo amisit immortalitatem suam: quandoquidem nec animae humanae hoc accidere potuit, ut cum corpore moreretur, dicente ipso Domino, Nolite timere eos qui corpus occidunt, animam autem non possunt occidere (Matth. X, 28): aut vero etiam Spiritus sanctus carnem assumpsit, de quo utique sine dubio turbabuntur, si propter carnem mortalis est Filius, quomodo accipiant Patrem tantummodo sine Filio et sine Spiritu sancto habere immortalitatem; quandoquidem Spiritus sanctus non assumpsit carnem: qui si non 0855 habet immortalitatem, non ergo propter carnem mortalis est Filius: si autem habet Spiritus sanctus immortalitatem, non de Patre tantummodo dictum est, Qui solus habet immortalitatem. Quocirca ita se arbitrantur et ante incarnationem per se ipsum mortalem Filium posse convincere, quia ipsa mutabilitas non inconvenienter mortalitas dicitur, secundum quam et anima dicitur mori: non quia in corpus vel in aliquam alteram substantiam mutatur et vertitur: sed in ipsa sua substantia quidquid alio modo nunc est ac fuit, secundum id quod destitit esse quod erat, mortale deprehenditur. Quia itaque, inquiunt, antequam natus esset Filius Dei de virgine Maria, ipse apparuit patribus nostris, non in una eademque specie, sed multiformiter, aliter atque aliter, et visibilis est per se ipsum, quia nondum carne assumpta, substantia ejus conspicua mortalibus oculis fuit; et mortalis, in quantum mutabilis: ita et Spiritus sanctus, qui alias columba, alias ignis apparuit. Unde non Trinitati, aiunt, sed singulariter et proprie Patri tantummodo convenit quod dictum est, Immortali, invisibili, soli Deo; et, Qui solus habet immortalitatem, et lucem inhabitat inaccessibilem; quem nemo hominum vidit, nec videre potest.

16. Omissis ergo istis, qui nec animae substantiam invisibilem nosse potuerunt, unde longe remotum ab eis erat ut nossent unius et solius Dei, id est, Patris et Filii et Spiritus sancti, non solum invisibilem, verum et incommutabilem permanere substantiam, ac per hoc in vera et sincera immortalitate consistere: nos qui nunquam apparuisse corporeis oculis Deum nec Patrem, nec Filium, nec Spiritum sanctum dicimus, nisi per subjectam suae potestati corpoream creaturam, in pace catholica pacifico studio requiramus, parati corrigi, si fraterne ac recte reprehendimur; parati etiamsi ab inimico, vera tamen dicente, mordemur; utrum indiscrete Deus apparuerit patribus nostris antequam Christus veniret in carne, an aliqua ex Trinitate persona, an singillatim quasi per vices.