[That Believers Ought Not to Go to Law Before Unbelievers; Nor Ought Any Unbeliever to Be Called for a Witness Against Believers.]

XLVI. Let not the heathen therefore know of your differences among one another, nor do you receive unbelievers as witnesses against yourselves, nor be judged by them, nor owe them anything on account of tribute or fear; but “render to Cæsar the things that are Cæsar’s, and unto God the things that are God’s,”  212  Matt. xxii. 21. as tribute, taxes, or poll-money, as our Lord by giving a piece of money was freed from disturbance.  213  Matt. xvii. 24, etc. Choose therefore rather to suffer harm, and to endeavour after those things that make for peace, not only among the brethren, but also among the unbelievers. For by suffering loss in the affairs of this life, thou wilt be sure not to suffer in the concerns of piety, and wilt live religiously, and according to the command of Christ.  214  One V. ms. reads “God” instead of “Christ.” But if brethren have lawsuits one with another, which God forbid, you who are the rulers ought thence to learn that such as these do not do the work of brethren  in the Lord , but rather of public enemies; and one of the parties will be found to be mild, gentle, and the child of light; but the other unmerciful, insolent, and covetous. Let him, therefore, who is condemned be rebuked, let him be separated, let him undergo the punishment of his hatred to his brother. Afterwards, when he repents, let him be received; and so, when they have learned prudence, they will ease your judicatures. It is also a duty to forgive each other’s trespasses—not the duty of those that judge, but of those that have quarrels; as the Lord determined when I Peter asked Him, “How oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Till seven times?” He replied, “I say not unto thee, Until seven times, but until seventy times seven.”  215  Matt. xviii. 21, 22. For so would our Lord have us to be truly His disciples, and never to have anything against anybody; as, for instance, anger without measure, passion without mercy, covetousness without justice, hatred without reconciliation. Draw by your instruction those who are angry to friendship, and those who are at variance to agreement. For the Lord says: “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God.”  216  Matt. v. 9.

[46] Μὴ οὖν γινωσκέτωσαν τὰ ἔθνη τὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὑμῶν διαφοράς, μήτε καθ' ἑαυτῶν μαρτυρίαν παραδέχεσθε τοὺς ἀπίστους, μήτε κρίνεσθε ἐπ' αὐτῶν, μήτε ὀφείλετέ τι τούτοις πρὸς συντέλειαν ἢ φόρον, ἀλλὰ ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ, οἷον φόρον ἢ κῆνσον ἢ δίδραχμον, ὡς καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν δοὺς τὸν στατῆρα ἀπηλλάγη πραγμάτων. Αἱροῦ οὖν μᾶλλον βλάπτεσθαι καὶ τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην σπουδάζειν, οὐ μόνον πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφούς, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀπίστους: βλαβεὶς γάρ τι τῶν βιωτικῶν τὰ πρὸς Θεὸν οὐ ζημιωθήσῃ, ἅτε θεοσεβὴς ὑπάρχων καὶ κατ' ἐντολὴν Χριστοῦ ζῶν. Εἰ δὲ ἀδελφοὶ εἰς ἀλλήλους ἔχουσιν, ὃ μὴ γένοιτο, αὐτόθεν νοεῖν ὀφείλετε οἱ προηγούμενοι, ὅτι οἱ τοιοῦτοι οὐκ ἀδελφῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ ἔργον ἐπιτελοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ἐχθρῶν πολεμίων. Καὶ εἷς μὲν αὐτῶν εὑρεθήσεται ἤπιος, ἐπιεικής, φωτὸς τέκνον, ἕτερος δὲ ἀνήμερος, αὐθάδης, πλεονέκτης: ὁ οὖν καταγινωσκόμενος ἐπιτιμάσθω, ἀφοριζέσθω, δίκην τῆς μισαδελφίας τιννύτω, εἶτα μεταμελόμενος προσλαμβανέσθω: καὶ οὕτω σωφρονιζόμενοι, ἐπικουφίσουσιν ὑμῖν τὰ κριτήρια. Χρὴ δὲ καὶ συγχωρεῖν τὰ εἰς ἀλλήλους ἀδικήματα, οὐ τοὺς κρίνοντας, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἔχοντας εἰς ἑαυτούς, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἀπεφήνατο ἐμοῦ Πέτρου ἐρωτήσαντος αὐτόν: »Ποσάκις ἁμαρτήσει εἰς ἐμὲ ὁ ἀδελφός μου, καὶ ἀφήσω αὐτῷ; ἕως ἑπτάκις;« Καὶ εἰπόντος: »Οὐ λέγω σοι ἕως ἑπτάκις, ἀλλ' ἕως ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά.« Οὕτως γὰρ θέλει ὁ Κύριος ἀληθῶς εἶναι αὐτοῦ μαθητὰς καὶ μηδὲν ἔχειν κατὰ μηδενὸς πώποτε, οἷον ὀργὴν ἄμετρον ἢ θυμὸν ἀνήμερον ἢ ἐπιθυμίαν ἄδικον ἢ μῖσος ἄσπονδον. Τοὺς οὖν ὀργιζομένους συμβιβάζετε εἰς φιλίαν, τοὺς ἐχθραίνοντας εἰς ὁμόνοιαν, ὅτι λέγει Κύριος: »Μακάριοι οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί, ὅτι αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται.«