[Of First-Fruits and Tithes, and After What Manner the Bishop is Himself to Partake of Them, or to Distribute Them to Others.]

XXV. Let him use those tenths and first-fruits, which are given according to the command of God, as a man of God; as also let him dispense in a right manner the free-will offerings which are brought in on account of the poor, to the orphans, the widows, the afflicted, and strangers in distress, as having that God for the examiner of his accounts who has committed the disposition to him. Distribute to all those in want with righteousness, and yourselves use the things which belong to the Lord, but do not abuse them; eating of them, but not eating them all up by yourselves: communicate with those that are in want, and thereby show yourselves unblameable before God. For if you shall consume them by yourselves, you will be reproached by God, who says to such unsatiable people, who alone devour all, “Ye eat up the milk, and clothe yourselves with the wool;”  130  Ezek. xxxiv. 3. and in another passage, “Must you alone live upon the earth”?  131  Isa. v. 8. Upon which account you are commanded in the law, “Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.”  132  Lev. xix. 18. Now we say these things, not as if you might not partake of the fruits of your labours; for it is written, “Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the ox which treadeth out the corn;”  133  Deut. xxv. 4; 1 Cor. ix. 9. but that you should do it with moderation and righteousness. As, therefore, the ox that labours in the threshing-floor without a muzzle eats indeed, but does not eat all up; so do you who labour in the threshing-floor, that is, in the Church of God, eat of the Church: which was also the case of the Levites, who served in the tabernacle of the testimony, which was in all things a type of the Church. Nay, further, its very name implied that that tabernacle was fore-appointed for a testimony of the Church. Here, therefore, the Levites also, who attended upon the tabernacle partook of those things that were offered to God by all the people,—namely, gifts, offerings, and first-fruits, and tithes, and sacrifices, and oblations, without disturbance, they and their wives, and their sons and their daughters. Since their employment was the ministration to the tabernacle, therefore they had not any lot or inheritance in the land among the children of Israel, because the oblations of the people were the lot of Levi, and the inheritance of their tribe. You, therefore, O bishops, are to your people priests and Levites, ministering to the holy tabernacle, the holy Catholic Church; who stand at the altar of the Lord your God, and offer to Him reasonable and unbloody sacrifices through Jesus the great High Priest. You are to the laity prophets, rulers, governors, and kings; the mediators between God and His faithful people, who receive and declare His word, well acquainted with the Scriptures. Ye are the voice of God, and witnesses of His will, who bear the sins of all, and intercede for all; whom, as you have heard, the word severely threatens if you hide the key of knowledge from men, who are liable to perdition if you do not declare His will to the people that are under you; who shall have a certain reward from God, and unspeakable honour and glory, if you duly minister to the holy tabernacle. For as yours is the burden, so you receive as your fruit the supply of food and other necessaries. For you imitate Christ the Lord; and as He “bare the sins of us all upon the tree” at His crucifixion, the innocent for those who deserved punishment, so also you ought to make the sins of the people your own. For concerning our Saviour it is said in Isaiah, “He bears our sins, and is afflicted for us.”  134  Isa. liii. 4. And again: “He bare the sins of many, and was delivered for our offences.”  135  Isa. liii. 12. As, therefore, you are patterns for others, so have you Christ for your pattern. As, therefore, He is concerned for all, so be you for the laity under you. For do not thou imagine that the office of a bishop is an easy or light burden. As, therefore, you bear the weight, so have you a right to partake of the fruits before others, and to impart to those that are in want, as being to give an account to Him, who without bias will examine your accounts. For those who attend upon the Church ought to be maintained by the Church, as being priests, Levites, presidents, and ministers of God; as it is written in the book of Numbers concerning the priests: “And the Lord said unto Aaron, Thou, and thy sons, and the house of thy family, shall bear the iniquities of the holy things of priesthood.”  136  Num. xviii. 1. “Behold, I have given unto you the charge of the first-fruits, from all that are sanctified to me by the children of Israel; I have given them for a reward to thee, and to thy sons after thee, by an ordinance for ever. This shall be yours out of the holy things, out of the oblations, and out of the gifts, and out of all the sacrifices, and out of every trespass-offering, and sin-offerings; and all that they render unto me out of all their holy things, they shall belong to thee, and to thy sons: in the sanctuary shall they eat them.”  137  Num. xviii. 8, etc. And a little after: “All the first-fruits of the oil, and of the wine, and of the wheat, all which they shall give unto the Lord, to thee have I given them; and all that is first ripe, to thee have I given it, and every devoted thing. Every first-born of man and of beast, clean and unclean, and of sacrifice, with the breast, and the right shoulder, all these appertain to the priests, and to the rest of those belonging to them, even to the Levites.”  138  Num. xviii. 12, etc.

Hear this, you of the laity also, the elect Church of God. For the people were formerly called “the people of God,”  139  Ex. xix. 5, 6. and “an holy nation.”  140  Heb. xii. 23. You, therefore, are the holy and sacred “Church of God, enrolled in heaven, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people,”  141  Pet. ii. 9. a bride adorned for the Lord God, a great Church, a faithful Church. Hear attentively now what was said formerly: oblations and tithes belong to Christ our High Priest, and to those who minister to Him. Tenths of salvation are the first letter of the name of Jesus. Hear, O thou Holy Catholic Church, who hast escaped the ten plagues, and hast received the ten commandments, and hast learned the law, and hast kept the faith, and hast believed in Jesus,  and hast known the decad, and hast believed in the iota which is the first letter of the name  of Jesus ,  142  Inserted from V. mss. and art named after His name, and art established, and shinest in the consummation of His glory. Those which were then the sacrifices now are prayers, and intercessions, and thanksgivings. Those which were then first-fruits, and tithes, and offerings, and gifts, now are oblations, which are presented by holy bishops to the Lord God, through Jesus Christ, who has died for them. For these are your high priests, as the presbyters are your priests, and your present deacons instead of your Levites; as are also your readers, your singers, your porters, your deaconesses, your widows, your virgins, and your orphans: but He who is above all these is the High Priest.

[25] Αὐτάρκη ἐχέτω τροφὴν καὶ ἀμφιασμὸν ὁ ἐπίσκοπος τὸν τῇ χρείᾳ καὶ τῇ σεμνότητι προσήκοντα: μὴ τοῖς κυριακοῖς ὡς ἀλλοτρίοις κεχρήσθω, ἀλλὰ μεμετρημένως: »Ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν.« Μὴ σπαταλὸς μηδὲ πέρπερος, ἀλλὰ μόνων τῶν πρὸς σύστασιν ἐφιέμενος, τὰ διδόμενα κατ' ἐντολὴν Θεοῦ τῶν δεκατῶν καὶ τῶν ἀπαρχῶν ὡς Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος ἀναλισκέτω: τὰ εἰσφερόμενα ἐπὶ προφάσει πενήτων ἑκούσια καλῶς οἰκονομείτω ὀρφανοῖς καὶ χήραις καὶ θλιβομένοις καὶ ξένοις ἀπορουμένοις, ὡς ἔχων Θεὸν λογιστευτὴν τούτων τὸν ἐγχειρίσαντα αὐτῷ ταύτην τὴν οἰκονομίαν. Πᾶσι δὲ τοῖς δεομένοις μετὰ δικαιοσύνης ἐπιμερίζοντες, καὶ ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ χρώμενοι ἐκ τῶν κυριακῶν, ἀλλὰ μὴ παραχρώμενοι, ἐσθίοντες ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἀλλὰ μὴ κατεσθίοντες αὐτὰ μόνοι, κοινωνοῦντες δὲ τοῖς χρῄζουσιν, ἀπρόσκοποι Θεῷ γίνεσθε: ἐὰν γὰρ μόνοι αὐτὰ ἀναλώσητε, ὀνειδισθήσεσθε παρὰ Θεοῦ λέγοντος ὡς πρὸς ἀπλήστους καὶ μονοφάγους: »Τὸ γάλα κατεσθίετε καὶ τὰ ἔρια περιβάλλεσθε«, καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις: »Μὴ οἰκήσητε μόνοι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς;« Διὸ καὶ ἐν τῷ Νόμῳ προστέτακται ὑμῖν: »Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν.« Καὶ ταῦτα λέγομεν, οὐχ ἵνα μὴ μεταλαμβάνητε ὑμῶν τῶν πόνων, γέγραπται γάρ: »Οὐ φιμώσεις βοῦν ἀλοῶντα«, ἀλλ' ἵνα μεμετρημένως μετὰ δικαιοσύνης. Ὃν τρόπον οὖν ὁ βοῦς, ἐργαζόμενος ἐν τῇ ἅλῳ ἀκήμωτος, ἐσθίει μέν, ἀλλ' οὐ τὸ πᾶν κατεσθίει, οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, ἐργαζόμενοι εἰς τὴν ἅλω, τοῦτ' ἔστιν εἰς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐκ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἐσθίετε, ὃν τρόπον καὶ οἱ λευῖται οἱ λειτουργοῦντες τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, ἥτις ἦν τύπος τῆς Ἐκκλησίας κατὰ πάντα, προσέτι δὲ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ὀνόματος μαρτύριον τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἡ σκηνὴ προωρίζετο. Ἐνταῦθα γοῦν οἱ λευῖται τῇ σκηνῇ προσεδρεύοντες ἐκ τῶν εἰς τὴν προσφορὰν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδομένων ὑπὸ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ δώρων καὶ ἀφαιρεμάτων καὶ ἀπαρχῶν καὶ δεκατῶν καὶ θυσιῶν καὶ προσφορῶν μετεῖχον ἀκωλύτως, αὐτοὶ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες αὐτῶν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὸ ἔργον αὐτῶν ἦν λειτουργία τῆς σκηνῆς, διὰ τοῦτο κληροδοσίαν γῆς οὐκ ἔλαβον ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ, ὅτι αἱ εἰσφοραὶ τοῦ λαοῦ κληροδοσία τοῦ Λευὶ καὶ κληρονομία τῆς φυλῆς αὐτοῦ. Ὑμεῖς οὖν σήμερον, ὦ ἐπίσκοποι, ἐστὲ τῷ λαῷ ὑμῶν ἱερεῖς λευῖται, οἱ λειτουργοῦντες τῇ ἱερᾷ σκηνῇ, τῇ ἁγίᾳ καὶ καθολικῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, καὶ παρεστῶτες τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ προσάγοντες αὐτῷ τὰς λογικὰς καὶ ἀναιμάκτους θυσίας διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου ἀρχιερέως: ὑμεῖς τοῖς ἐν ὑμῖν λαϊκοῖς ἐστε προφῆται, ἄρχοντες καὶ ἡγούμενοι καὶ βασιλεῖς, οἱ μεσῖται Θεοῦ καὶ τῶν πιστῶν αὐτοῦ, οἱ δοχεῖς τοῦ λόγου καὶ ἀγγελτῆρες, οἱ γνῶσται τῶν γραφῶν καὶ φθόγγοι τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ μάρτυρες τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ, οἱ πάντων τὰς ἁμαρτίας βαστάζοντες καὶ περὶ πάντων ἀπολογούμενοι: οἷς, ὡς ἠκούσατε, ἐμβριθῶς ὁ λόγος ἀπειλεῖ, ἐὰν κρύψητε ἐξ ἀνθρώπων τὴν τῆς γνώσεως κλεῖδα: οἷς κίνδυνος ὀλέθριος, ἐὰν μὴ διαγγείλητε τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ τῷ ὑφ' ὑμᾶς λαῷ: οἷς παρὰ Θεοῦ μισθὸς ἀψευδὴς καὶ κλέος ἀνεκδιήγητον ἐν δόξῃ, καλῶς λειτουργήσασιν τῇ σκηνῇ τῇ ἁγίᾳ. Ὡς γὰρ τὸ βάρος ὑμέτερον, οὕτως καὶ τὰς διακονίας τῶν τροφῶν καὶ τὰς ἄλλας χρείας ὑμεῖς καρποῦσθε. Μιμηταὶ γὰρ ἔστε Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ ὡς αὐτὸς πάντων ἡμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀνήνεγκεν ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον, σταυρωθεὶς ὁ ἄμωμος ὑπὲρ τῶν κολάσεως ἀξίων, οὕτως καὶ ὑμᾶς τοῦ λαοῦ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἐξιδιοποιεῖσθαι χρή. Εἴρηται γὰρ περὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἐν Ἡσαΐᾳ, ὅτι »Οὗτος τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν φέρει καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν ὀδυνᾶται.« Καὶ πάλιν: »Ὁ αὐτὸς τὰς ἁμαρτίας πολλῶν ἀνήνεγκεν καὶ διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας αὐτῶν παρεδόθη.« Ὥσπερ οὖν ὑμεῖς σκοποί ἐστε, οὕτως καὶ σκοπὸν ἔχετε τὸν Χριστόν: ὡς οὖν αὐτὸς πάντων ὑμῶν, οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς τῶν ὑφ' ὑμᾶς λαϊκῶν. Μὴ γὰρ νομίζετε, ὅτι εὐχερὲς ἢ ἐλαφρὸν φορτίον ἐστὶν ἡ ἐπισκοπή. Χρὴ οὖν, ὡς τὸ βάρος φέρετε, οὕτως καὶ τῶν καρπῶν πρώτους μεταλαμβάνειν καὶ τοῖς δεομένοις μεταδιδόναι, ὡς λόγον ὑφέξοντας τῷ ἀπαραλογίστως ὑμᾶς μέλλοντι λογιστεύειν. Δεῖ γὰρ τοὺς τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ προσεδρεύοντας ἐκ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας διατρέφεσθαι, ἅτε ἱερεῖς, λευίτας, προέδρους, λειτουργοὺς Θεοῦ, καθὼς ἐν βίβλῳ τῶν Ἀριθμῶν γέγραπται περὶ τῶν ἱερέων: »Καὶ εἶπεν Κύριος πρὸς Ἀαρών: σὺ καὶ οἱ υἱοί σου καὶ ὁ οἶκος πατριᾶς σου λήψεσθε τὰς ἁμαρτίας τῶν ἁγίων, τῆς ἱερατείας ὑμῶν. Ἰδοὺ δέδωκα ὑμῖν τὴν διατήρησιν τῶν ἀπαρχῶν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἡγιασμένων μοι παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ: σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτὰ εἰς γέρας καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς σου μετὰ σέ, νόμιμον αἰώνιον: καὶ τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν ἀπὸ τῶν ἡγιασμένων, ἐκ τῶν καρπωμάτων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δώρων καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν θυσιῶν καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης πλημμελείας καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν, καὶ ὅσα ἀποδιδόασίν μοι ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων, σοὶ ἔσται καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς σου: ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ φάγεσθε αὐτά.« Καὶ μετ' ὀλίγα: »Πᾶσα ἀπαρχὴ ἐλαίου καὶ οἴνου καὶ σίτου, ὅσα ἂν δίδωσιν Κυρίῳ, σοὶ δέδωκα αὐτά, καὶ τὰ πρωτογεννήματα πάντα σοι δέδωκα, καὶ σοὶ ἐρεῖ πᾶν ἀνάθεμα: πᾶν πρωτότοκον ἀνθρώπου καὶ κτήνους καθαροῦ καὶ ἀκαθάρτου καὶ θυσίας καὶ στηθυνίου καὶ βραχίονος δεξιοῦ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν προσανήκει καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς τοῖς παραμένουσιν αὐτοῖς λευίταις.«