Chapter XXXI.—The Fulfilment of the Prophecies Concerning Christ.

47. Wherefore let those evil applauders of Christ, who refuse to become Christians, desist from making the allegation that Christ did not teach that their gods were to be abandoned, and their images broken in pieces. For the God of Israel, regarding whom it was declared aforetime that He should be called the God of the whole earth, is now indeed actually called the God of the whole earth. By the mouth of His prophets He predicted that this would come to pass, and by Christ He did bring it eventually to pass at the fit time. Assuredly, if the God of Israel is now named the God of the whole earth, what He has commanded must needs be made good; for He who has given the commandment is now well known. But, further, that He is made known by Christ and in Christ, in order that His Church may be extended throughout the world, and that by its instrumentality the God of Israel may be named the God of the whole earth, those who please may read a little earlier in the same prophet. That paragraph may also be cited by me. It is not so long as to make it requisite for us to pass it by. Here there is much said about the presence, the humility, and the passion of Christ, and about the body of which He is the Head, that is, His Church, where it is called barren, like one that did not bear. For during many years the Church, which was destined to subsist among all the nations with its children, that is, with its saints, was not apparent, as Christ remained yet unannounced by the evangelists to those to whom He had not been declared by the prophets. Again, it is said that there shall be more children for her who is forsaken than for her who has a husband, under which name of a husband the Law was signified, or the King whom the people of Israel first received. For neither had the Gentiles received the Law at the period at which the prophet spake; nor had the King of Christians yet appeared to the nations, although from these Gentile nations a much more fruitful and numerous multitude of saints has now proceeded. It is in this manner, therefore, that Isaiah speaks, commencing with the humility137    Reading humilitate; some editions give humanitate, the humanity. of Christ, and turning afterwards to an address to the Church, on to that verse which we have already instanced, where he says: And He who brought thee out, the same God of Israel, shall be called the God of the whole earth.138    Isa. liv 5. Behold, says he, my Servant shall deal prudently, and shall be exalted and honoured exceedingly. As many shall be astonied at Thee; so shall Thy marred visage, nevertheless, be seen by all, and Thine honour by men. For so shall many nations be astonied at Him, and the kings shall shut their mouths. For they shall see to whom it has not been told of Him; and those who have not heard shall understand. O Lord, who hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? We have proclaimed before Him as a servant,139    Puer. as a root in a thirsty soil; He hath no form nor comeliness. And we have seen Him, and He had neither beauty nor seemliness; but His countenance is despised, and His state rejected by all men: a man stricken, and acquainted with the bearing of infirmities; on account of which His face is turned aside, injured, and little esteemed. He bears our infirmities, and is in sorrows for us. And we did esteem Him to be in sorrows, and to be stricken and in punishment. But He was wounded for our transgressions, and He was enfeebled for our iniquities; the chastisement of our peace was upon Him, and with His stripes we are healed. All we, like sheep, have gone astray, and the Lord hath given Him up for our sins. And whereas He was evil entreated, He opened not His mouth; He was brought as a sheep to the slaughter; and as a lamb before him who shears it is dumb, so He opened not His mouth. In humility was His judgment taken. Who shall declare His generation? For His life shall be cut off out of the land; by the iniquities of my people is He led to death. Therefore shall I give the wicked for His sepulture, and the rich on account of His death; because He did no iniquity, neither was any deceit in His mouth. The Lord is pleased to clear Him in regard to His stroke.140    Purgare deus illum de plaga. If ye shall give your soul for your offences, ye shall see the seed of the longest life. And the Lord is pleased to take away His soul from sorrows, to show Him the light, and to set Him forth in sight,141    Figurare per sensum = set forth in sensible figure. and to justify the righteous One who serves many well; and He shall bear their sins. Therefore shall He have many for His inheritance, and shall divide the spoils of the strong; for which reason His soul was delivered over to death, and He was numbered with the transgressors, and He bare the sins of many, and was delivered for their iniquities. Rejoice, O barren, thou that dost not bear: exult, and cry aloud, thou that dost not travail with child; for more are the children of the desolate than those of her who has a husband. For the Lord hath said, Enlarge the place of thy tent, and fix thy courts;142    Reading aulas tuas confige; others give caulas = thy folds. there is no reason why thou shouldst spare: lengthen thy cords, and strengthen Thy stakes firmly. Yea, again and again break thou forth on the right hand and on the left. For thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and thou shall inhabit the cities which were desolate. There is nothing for thee to fear. For thou shall prevail, and be not thou confounded as if thou shall be put to shame. For thou shall forget thy confusion for ever: thou shall not remember the shame of thy widowhood, since I who made thee am the Lord; the Lord is His name: and He who brought thee out, the very God of Israel, shall be called the God of the whole earth.143    Isa. lii. 13-liv. 5. [The variations from the Hebrew, especially in some of the more obscure passages, are worthy of notice. Compare the Revised Version, text and margin, in loco.—R.]

48. What can be said in opposition to this evidence, and this expression of things both foretold and fulfilled? If they suppose that His disciples have given a false testimony on the subject of the divinity of Christ, will they also doubt the passion of Christ? No: they are not accustomed to believe that He rose from the dead; but, at the same time, they are quite ready to believe that He suffered all that men are wont to suffer, because they wish Him to be held to be a man and nothing more. According to this, then, He was led like a sheep to the slaughter; He was numbered with the transgressors; He was wounded for our sins; by His stripes were we healed; His face was marred, and little esteemed, and smitten with the palms, and defiled with the spittle; His position was disfigured on the cross; He was led to death by the iniquities of the people Israel; He is the man who had no form nor comeliness when He was buffeted with the fists, when He was crowned with the thorns, when He was derided as He hung (upon the tree); He is the man who, as the lamb is dumb before its shearer, opened not His mouth, when it was said to Him by those who mocked Him, “Prophesy to us, thou Christ.”144    Matt. xxvi., xxvii.; Mark xiv., xv.; Luke xxii., xxiii.; John xviii., xix. Now, however, He is exalted verily, now He is honoured exceedingly; truly many nations are now astonied at Him.145    [Isa. lii. 15 (in the Revised Version): “So shall He sprinkle many nations,” with margin, “Or, startle.”—R.] Now the kings have shut their mouth, by which they were wont to promulgate the most ruthless laws against the Christians. Truly those now see to whom it was not told of Him, and those who have not heard understand.146    Rom. xv. 16, 21. For those Gentile nations to whom the prophets made no announcement, do now rather see for themselves how true these things are which were of old reported by the prophets;147    Magis ipsæ vident quam vera nuntiata sint per prophetas. and those who have not heard Isaiah speak in his own proper person, now understand from his writings the things which he spoke concerning Him. For even in the said nation of the Jews, who believed the report of the prophets, or to whom was that arm of the Lord revealed, which is this very Christ who was announced by them,148    John xii. 37, 38; Rom. x. 16. seeing that by their own hands they perpetrated those crimes against Christ, the commission of which had been predicted by the prophets whom they possessed? But now, indeed, He possesses many by inheritance; and He divides the spoils of the strong, since the devil and the demons have now been cast out and given up, and the possessions once held by them have been distributed by Him among the fabrics of His churches and for other necessary services.

CAPUT XXXI. Prophetia de Christo impleta.

47. Desinant ergo dicere mali laudatores Christi, qui nolunt esse christiani, quod Christus non docuerit deos eorum deseri, et simulacra confringi. Deus enim Israel, de quo praedictum est quod Deus universae terrae vocabitur, et Deus universae terrae jam vocatur; hoc per Prophetas futurum praedixit, hoc per Christum congruo tempore implevit. Certe enim si jam Deus Israel, Deus universae terrae vocatur, necesse est ut fiat quod jussit, quando qui jussit, innotuit. Quia vero per Christum et in Christo innotuit, ut Ecclesia ejus per orbem diffunderetur, et per ipsam Deus Israel universae terrae vocaretur, paulo superius apud eumdem prophetam legant qui volunt: imo et a me commemoretur. Neque enim ita longum est, ut oporteat praetermitti. Dicuntur enim multa de praesentia et humilitate et passione Christi, et corpore ejus, cui caput est, id est de Ecclesia ejus, cum appellatur tanquam sterilis quae non pariebat. Per multos enim annos Ecclesia, quae futura erat in omnibus Gentibus in filiis suis, hoc est in sanctis suis, non apparuit, nondum Christo annuntiato per Evangelistas, eis quibus non est annuntiatus per Prophetas: et dicitur plures filios desertae futuros, quam ejus quae 1065 habet virum; cujus viri nomine significata est Lex, vel Rex quem accepit primus populus Israel: nec acceperant gentes Legem eo tempore, quo propheta loquebatur; neque Rex Christianorum apparuerat adhuc Gentibus, ex quibus tamen Gentibus longe fertilior et numerosior sanctorum multitudo provenit. Ita ergo dicit Isaias, incipiens ab humilitate Christi, et se postea convertens ad alloquendam Ecclesiam usque ad eum versum quem commemoravimus, ubi ait, Et qui eruit te, ipse Deus Israel, universae terrae vocabitur: Ecce, inquit, in intellectu erit puer meus, et exaltabitur, et honorificabitur vehementer. Quomodo multi mirabuntur super te, sic tamen et inhonesta videbitur ab omnibus species tua, et honor tuus ab hominibus. Ita enim mirabuntur gentes multae super eum, et continebunt reges os suum. Quoniam quibus non est nuntiatum de illo, videbunt; et qui non audierunt, intelligent. Domine, quis credidit auditui nostro? et brachium Domini cui revelatum est? Nuntiavimus coram illo, ut puer, ut radix in terra sitienti: non est species illi, neque honor. Et vidimus illum, et non habuit speciem neque decorem: sed vultus ejus abjectus et deformis, positio ejus ab omnibus hominibus; homo in plaga, et qui sciat ferre infirmitates, propter quod et avertit se facies ejus, injuriata est, nec magni aestimata est. Hic infirmitates nostras portat, et pro nobis in doloribus est. Et nos existimavimus illum in doloribus esse, et in plaga et in poena. Ipse autem vulneratus est propter peccata nostra, et infirmatus est propter iniquitates nostras. Eruditio pacis nostrae in eum, livore ejus sanati sumus. Omnes ut oves erravimus, et Dominus tradidit illum pro peccatis nostris. Et ipse quoniam male tractatus est, non aperuit os: ut ovis ad immolandum ductus est, et ut agnus ante eum qui se tonderet fuit sine voce, sic non aperuit os suum. In humilitate sublatum est judicium ejus. Generationem ejus quis enarrabit? Quoniam tolletur de terra vita ejus: ab iniquitatibus populi mei ductus est ad mortem. Dabo ergo malos propter sepulturam ejus, et divites propter mortem ejus; ob hoc quod iniquitatem non fecerit, nec dolum in ore suo. Dominus vult purgare illum de plaga. Si dederitis vos ob delicta vestra animam vestram, videbitis semen longissimae vitae. Et vult Dominus auferre a doloribus animam ejus, ostendere illi lucem, et figurare per sensum, justificare justum bene servientem pluribus; et peccata illorum ipse sustinebit. Propterea ipse haereditabit complures, et fortium partietur spolia. Propter quod tradita est ad mortem anima ejus, et inter iniquos aestimata est: et ipse peccata multorum sustinuit, et propter iniquitates eorum traditus est. Delectare, sterilis quae non paris; exsulta et clama, quae non parturis; quia multi filii desertae, magis quam ejus quae habet virum. Dixit enim Dominus, Dilata locum tabernaculi tui, et aulas tuas confige; non est quod parcas: porrige longius funiculos, et palos validos constitue. Etiam atque 1066 etiam in dexteram atque sinistram partem extende. Semen enim tuum haereditabit gentes, et civitates quae desertae erant, inhabitabis, non est quod metuas. Praevalebis enim, nec erubescas quod detestabilis fueris. Confusionem enim in perpetuum oblivisceris, ignominiae viduitatis tuae non eris memor: quoniam ego Dominus qui facio te, Dominus nomen ei; et qui eruit te, ipse Deus Israel, universae terrae vocabitur (Isai. LII, 13- LIV, 5).

48. Quid contra hanc evidentiam expressionemque rerum et praedictarum et impletarum dici potest? Si de Christi divinitate discipulos ejus putant esse mentitos, numquid de Christi passione dubitabunt? Resurrexisse non solent credere: at illa omnia ab hominibus humana perpessum etiam libenter credunt, quia hominem tantummodo credi volunt. Ille itaque sicut ovis ad immolandum ductus, ille inter iniquos deputatus, ille vulneratus propter peccata nostra; cujus livore sanati sumus, cujus facies injuriata est, nec magni aestimata, palmis caesa, et sputis illita, cujus deformis in cruce positio: ille ab iniquitatibus populi Israel ductus ad mortem; ille qui non habebat speciem neque decorem, quando colaphis percutiebatur, quando spinis coronabatur, quando pendens irridebatur; ille qui, sicut agnus coram tondente non habet vocem, sic non aperuit os suum, cum ei diceretur ab insultantibus, Prophetiza nobis, Christe (Matth. XXVI, XXVII; Marc. XIV, XV; Luc. XXII, XXIII, et Joan. XVIII, XIX): nempe jam exaltatus est, jam honorificatus est vehementer. Nempe jam mirantur gentes multae super eum. Jam continuerunt reges os suum, quo adversus Christianos leges saevissimas promulgabant. Nempe quibus non est nuntiatum de illo, jam vident, et qui non audierunt jam intelligunt (Rom. XV, 16-21). Quoniam gentes quibus non annuntiaverunt Prophetae, magis ipsae vident quam vera nuntiata sint per Prophetas. Et qui non audierunt ipsum Isaiam loquentem, jam in Litteris ejus de quo ista sit locutus, intelligunt. Nam et in ipsa gente Judaeorum quis credidit auditui Prophetarum, aut brachium Domini, quod est Christus ipse, qui per eos annuntiabatur, cui revelatum est (Joan. XII, 37, 38, et Rom. X, 16); quando manibus suis ea scelera in Christo admittebant, quae futura praedixerant Prophetae quos habebant? Nempe jam haereditate possidet multos, et fortium partitur spolia, cum ea quae diabolus et daemones possidebant, per ecclesiarum suarum fabricas, et quoslibet necessarios usus, illis expulsis proditisque distribuit.