Chapter LVI.—God who appeared to Moses is distinguished from God the Father.

“Moses, then, the blessed and faithful servant of God, declares that He who appeared to Abraham under the oak in Mamre is God, sent with the two angels in His company to judge Sodom by Another who remains ever in the supercelestial places, invisible to all men, holding personal intercourse with none, whom we believe to be Maker and Father of all things; for he speaks thus: ‘God appeared to him under the oak in Mamre, as he sat at his tent-door at noontide. And lifting up his eyes, he saw, and behold, three men stood before him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the door of his tent; and he bowed himself toward the ground, and said;’ ”178    Gen. xviii. 1, 2. (and so on;)179    Gen. xix. 27, 28; “and so on” inserted probably not by Justin, but by some copyist, as is evident from succeeding words. “ ‘Abraham gat up early in the morning to the place where he stood before the Lord: and he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward the adjacent country, and beheld, and, lo, a flame went up from the earth, like the smoke of a furnace.’ ” And when I had made an end of quoting these words, I asked them if they had understood them.

And they said they had understood them, but that the passages adduced brought forward no proof that there is any other God or Lord, or that the Holy Spirit says so, besides the Maker of all things.

Then I replied, “I shall attempt to persuade you, since you have understood the Scriptures, [of the truth] of what I say, that there is, and that there is said to be, another God and Lord subject to180    Some, “besides;” but probably as above. the Maker of all things; who is also called an Angel, because He announces to men whatsoever the Maker of all things—above whom there is no other God—wishes to announce to them.” And quoting once more the previous passage, I asked Trypho, “Do you think that God appeared to Abraham under the oak in Mamre, as the Scripture asserts?”

He said, “Assuredly.”

“Was He one of those three,” I said, “whom Abraham saw, and whom the Holy Spirit of prophecy describes as men?”

He said, “No; but God appeared to him, before the vision of the three. Then those three whom the Scripture calls men, were angels; two of them sent to destroy Sodom, and one to announce the joyful tidings to Sarah, that she would bear a son; for which cause he was sent, and having accomplished his errand, went away.”181    Or, “going away, departed.”

“How then,” said I, “does the one of the three, who was in the tent, and who said, ‘I shall return to thee hereafter, and Sarah shall have a son,’182    Gen. xviii. 10. appear to have returned when Sarah had begotten a son, and to be there declared, by the prophetic word, God? But that you may clearly discern what I say, listen to the words expressly employed by Moses; they are these: ‘And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian bond-woman, whom she bore to Abraham, sporting with Isaac her son, and said to Abraham, Cast out this bond-woman and her son; for the son of this bond-woman shall not share the inheritance of my son Isaac. And the matter seemed very grievous in Abraham’s sight, because of his son. But God said to Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the son, and because of the bond-woman. In all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken to her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called.’183    Gen. xxi. 9–12. Have you perceived, then, that He who said under the oak that He would return, since He knew it would be necessary to advise Abraham to do what Sarah wished him, came back as it is written; and is God, as the words declare, when they so speak: ‘God said to Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the son, and because of the bond-woman?’ ” I inquired. And Trypho said, “Certainly; but you have not proved from this that there is another God besides Him who appeared to Abraham, and who also appeared to the other patriarchs and prophets. You have proved, however, that we were wrong in believing that the three who were in the tent with Abraham were all angels.”

I replied again, “If I could not have proved to you from the Scriptures that one of those three is God, and is called Angel,184    Or, “Messenger.” [The “Jehovah-angel” of the Pentateuch, passim.] In the various passages in which Justin assigns the reason for Christ being called angel or messenger, Justin uses also the verb ἀγγέλλω, to convey messages, to announce. The similarity between ἄγγελος and ἀγγέλλω cannot be retained in English, and therefore the point of Justin’s remarks is lost to the English reader. because, as I already said, He brings messages to those to whom God the Maker of all things wishes [messages to be brought], then in regard to Him who appeared to Abraham on earth in human form in like manner as the two angels who came with Him, and who was God even before the creation of the world, it were reasonable for you to entertain the same belief as is entertained by the whole of your nation.”

“Assuredly,” he said, “for up to this moment this has been our belief.”

Then I replied, “Reverting to the Scriptures, I shall endeavour to persuade you, that He who is said to have appeared to Abraham, and to Jacob, and to Moses, and who is called God, is distinct from Him who made all things,—numerically, I mean, not [distinct] in will. For I affirm that He has never at any time done185    Some supply, “or said.” anything which He who made the world—above whom there is no other God—has not wished Him both to do and to engage Himself with.”

And Trypho said, “Prove now that this is the case, that we also may agree with you. For we do not understand you to affirm that He has done or said anything contrary to the will of the Maker of all things.”

Then I said, “The Scripture just quoted by me will make this plain to you. It is thus: ‘The sun was risen on the earth, and Lot entered into Segor (Zoar); and the Lord rained on Sodom sulphur and fire from the Lord out of heaven, and overthrew these cities and all the neighbourhood.’ ”186    Gen. xix. 23.

Then the fourth of those who had remained with Trypho said, “It187    Or, “We must of necessity think, that besides the one of the two angels who came down to Sodom, and whom the Scripture by Moses calls Lord, God Himself appeared to Abraham.” must therefore necessarily be said that one of the two angels who went to Sodom, and is named by Moses in the Scripture Lord, is different from Him who also is God, and appeared to Abraham.”188    This passage is rather confused: the translation is necessarily free, but, it is believed, correct. Justin’s friend wishes to make out that two distinct individuals are called Lord or God in the narrative.

“It is not on this ground solely,” I said, “that it must be admitted absolutely that some other one is called Lord by the Holy Spirit besides Him who is considered Maker of all things; not solely [for what is said] by Moses, but also [for what is said] by David. For there is written by him: ‘The Lord says to my Lord, Sit on My right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy footstool,’189    Ps. cx. 1. as I have already quoted. And again, in other words: ‘Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever. A sceptre of equity is the sceptre of Thy kingdom: Thou hast loved righteousness and hated iniquity: therefore God, even Thy God, hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above Thy fellows.’190    Ps. xlv. 6, 7. If, therefore, you assert that the Holy Spirit calls some other one God and Lord, besides the Father of all things and His Christ, answer me; for I undertake to prove to you from Scriptures themselves, that He whom the Scripture calls Lord is not one of the two angels that went to Sodom, but He who was with them, and is called God, that appeared to Abraham.”

And Trypho said, “Prove this; for, as you see, the day advances, and we are not prepared for such perilous replies; since never yet have we heard any man investigating, or searching into, or proving these matters; nor would we have tolerated your conversation, had you not referred everything to the Scriptures:191    [Note again the fidelity of Justin to this principle, and the fact that in no other way could a Jew be persuaded to listen to a Christian. Acts xvii. 11.] for you are very zealous in adducing proofs from them; and you are of opinion that there is no God above the Maker of all things.”

Then I replied, “You are aware, then, that the Scripture says, ‘And the Lord said to Abraham, Why did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I truly conceive? for I am old. Is anything impossible with God? At the time appointed shall I return to thee according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.’192    Gen. xviii. 13, 14. And after a little interval: ‘And the men rose up from thence, and looked towards Sodom and Gomorrah; and Abraham went with them, to bring them on the way. And the Lord said, I will not conceal from Abraham, my servant, what I do.’193    Gen. xviii. 16, 17. And again, after a little, it thus says: ‘The Lord said, The cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great,194    Literally, “is multiplied.” and their sins are very grievous. I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to their cry which has come unto me; and if not, that I may know. And the men turned away thence, and went to Sodom. But Abraham was standing before the Lord; and Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt Thou destroy the righteous with the wicked?’ ”195    Gen. xviii. 20–23. (and so on,196    Comp. Note 2, p. 223. for I do not think fit to write over again the same words, having written them all before, but shall of necessity give those by which I established the proof to Trypho and his companions. Then I proceeded to what follows, in which these words are recorded:) “ ‘And the Lord went His way as soon as He had left communing with Abraham; and [Abraham] went to his place. And there came two angels to Sodom at even. And Lot sat in the gate of Sodom;’197    Gen. xviii. 33, Gen. xix. 1. and what follows until, ‘But the men put forth their hands, and pulled Lot into the house to them, and shut to the door of the house;’198    Gen. xix. 10. and what follows till, ‘And the angels laid hold on his hand, and on the hand of his wife, and on the hands of his daughters, the Lord being merciful to him. And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that they said, Save, save thy life. Look not behind thee, nor stay in all the neighbourhood; escape to the mountain, lest thou be taken along with [them]. And Lot said to them, I beseech [Thee], O Lord, since Thy servant hath found grace in Thy sight, and Thou hast magnified Thy righteousness, which Thou showest towards me in saving my life; but I cannot escape to the mountain, lest evil overtake me, and I die. Behold, this city is near to flee unto, and it is small: there I shall be safe, since it is small; and any soul shall live. And He said to him, Behold, I have accepted thee199    Literally, “I have admired thy face.” also in this matter, so as not to destroy the city for which thou hast spoken. Make haste to save thyself there; for I shall not do anything till thou be come thither. Therefore he called the name of the city Segor (Zoar). The sun was risen upon the earth; and Lot entered into Segor (Zoar). And the Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorrah sulphur and fire from the Lord out of heaven; and He overthrew these cities, and all the neighbourhood.’ ”200    Gen. xix. 16–25. And after another pause I added: “And now have you not perceived, my friends, that one of the three, who is both God and Lord, and ministers to Him who is in the heavens, is Lord of the two angels? For when [the angels] proceeded to Sodom, He remained behind, and communed with Abraham in the words recorded by Moses; and when He departed after the conversation, Abraham went back to his place. And when he came [to Sodom], the two angels no longer conversed with Lot, but Himself, as the Scripture makes evident; and He is the Lord who received commission from the Lord who [remains] in the heavens, i.e., the Maker of all things, to inflict upon Sodom and Gomorrah the [judgments] which the Scripture describes in these terms: ‘The Lord rained down upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulphur and fire from the Lord out of heaven.’ ”

[56] Μωυσῆς οὖν, ὁ μακάριος καὶ πιστὸς θεράπων θεοῦ, μηνύων ὅτι ὁ ὀφθεὶς τῷ Ἀβραὰμ πρὸς τῇ δρυῒ τῇ Μαμβρῆ θεὸς σὺν τοῖς ἅμα αὐτῷ ἐπὶ τὴν Σοδόμων κρίσιν πεμφθεῖσι δύο ἀγγέλοις ὑπὸ ἄλλου, τοῦ ἐν τοῖς ὑπερουρανίοις ἀεὶ μένοντος καὶ οὐδενὶ ὀφθέντος ἢ ὁμιλήσαντος δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποτε, ὃν ποιητὴν τῶν ὅλων καὶ πατέρα νοοῦμεν. οὕτω γάρ φησιν: Ὤφθη δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸς πρὸς τῇ δρυῒ τῇ Μαμβρῆ, καθημένου αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῇ θύρᾳ τῆς σκηνῆς μεσημβρίας. ἀναβλέψας δὲ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς εἶδε, καὶ ἰδοὺ τρεῖς ἄνδρες εἱστήκεισαν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἰδὼν συνέδραμεν εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσεκύνησεν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ εἶπε: καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ μέχρι τοῦ: Ὤρθρισε δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τὸ πρωῒ εἰς τὸν τόπον οὗ εἱστήκει ἔναντι κυρίου, καὶ ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας καὶ ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς τῆς περιχώρου, καὶ εἶδε, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνέβαινε φλὸξ ἐκ τῆς γῆς ὡσεὶ ἀτμὶς καμίνου. καὶ παυσάμενος λοιπὸν τοῦ λέγειν, ἐπυθόμην αὐτῶν εἰ ἐνενοήκεισαν τὰ εἰρημένα. Οἱ δὲ ἔφασαν νενοηκέναι μέν, μηδὲν δὲ ἔχειν εἰς ἀπόδειξιν τοὺς λελεγμένους λόγους ὅτι θεὸς ἢ κύριος ἄλλος τίς ἐστιν ἢ λέλεκται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος παρὰ τὸν ποιητὴν τῶν ὅλων. Κἀγὼ πάλιν: Ἃ λέγω πειράσομαι ὑμᾶς πεῖσαι, νοήσαντας τὰς γραφάς, ὅτι ἐστὶ καὶ λέγεται θεὸς καὶ κύριος ἕτερος ὑπὸ τὸν ποιητὴν τῶν ὅλων, ὃς καὶ ἄγγελος καλεῖται, διὰ τὸ ἀγγέλλειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ὅσαπερ βούλεται αὐτοῖς ἀγγεῖλαι ὁ τῶν ὅλων ποιητής, ὑπὲρ ὃν ἄλλος θεὸς οὐκ ἔστι. καὶ ἀνιστορῶν πάλιν τὰ προλεχθέντα ἐπυθόμην τοῦ Τρύφωνος: Δοκεῖ σοι ὀφθῆναι ὑπὸ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ ὁ θεὸς τῷ Ἀβραάμ, ὡς ὁ λόγος λέγει; Κἀκεῖνος: Μάλιστα. Καὶ εἷς, ἔφην, ἐκείνων ἦν τῶν τριῶν, οὓς ἄνδρας ἑωρᾶσθαι τῷ Ἀβραὰμ τὸ ἅγιον προφητικὸν πνεῦμα λέγει; Κἀκεῖνος: Οὔ: ἀλλὰ ὦπτο μὲν αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸς πρὸ τῆς τῶν τριῶν ὀπτασίας: εἶτα οἱ τρεῖς ἐκεῖνοι, οὓς ἄνδρας ὁ λόγος ὀνομάζει, ἄγγελοι ἦσαν, δύο μὲν αὐτῶν πεμφθέντες ἐπὶ τὴν Σοδόμων ἀπώλειαν, εἷς δὲ εὐαγγελιζόμενος τῇ Σάρρᾳ ὅτι τέκνον ἕξει, ἐφ' ᾧ ἐπέπεμπτο, καὶ ἀπαρτίσας ἀπήλλακτο. Πῶς οὖν, εἶπον, ὁ εἷς τῶν τριῶν γενόμενος ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ, ὁ καὶ εἰπών: Εἰς ὥρας ἀνακάμψω πρός σε, καὶ τῇ Σάρρᾳ υἱὸς γενήσεται, φαίνεται ἐπανελθὼν γενομένου τῇ Σάρρᾳ υἱοῦ, καὶ θεὸν αὐτὸν ὄντα ὁ προφητικὸς λόγος κἀκεῖ σημαίνει; ἵνα δὲ φανερὸν ὑμῖν γένηται ὃ λέγω, ἀκούσατε τῶν ὑπὸ Μωυσέως διαρρήδην εἰρημένων. ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα: Ἰδοῦσα δὲ Σάρρα τὸν υἱὸν Ἅγαρ, τῆς παιδίσκης τῆς Αἰγυπτίας, ὃς ἐγένετο τῷ Ἀβραάμ, παίζοντα μετὰ Ἰσαὰκ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς, εἶπε τῷ Ἀβραάμ: Ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην ταύτην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς: οὐ γὰρ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης ταύτης μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ μου Ἰσαάκ. σκληρὸν δὲ ἐφάνη τὸ ῥῆμα σφόδρα ἐναντίον Ἀβραὰμ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ. εἶπε δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῷ Ἀβραάμ: Μὴ σκληρὸν ἔστω ἐναντίον σου περὶ τοῦ παιδίου καὶ περὶ τῆς παιδίσκης: πάντα ὅσα ἂν εἴπῃ σοι Σάρρα, ἄκουε τῆς φωνῆς αὐτῆς, ὅτι ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα. νενοήκατε οὖν ὅτι ὁ εἰπὼν τότε ὑπὸ τὴν δρῦν ἐπαναστρέψαι, ὡς προηπίστατο ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι τῷ Ἀβραὰμ συμβουλεῦσαι ἅπερ ἐβούλετο αὐτὸν Σάρρα, ἐπανελήλυθεν, ὡς γέγραπται, καὶ θεός ἐστιν, ὡς οἱ λόγοι σημαίνουσιν οὕτως εἰρημένοι: Εἶπε δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῷ Ἀβραάμ: Μὴ σκληρὸν ἔστω ἐναντίον σου περὶ τοῦ παιδίου καὶ περὶ τῆς παιδίσκης; ἐπυνθανόμην. Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων ἔφη: Μάλιστα: οὐκ ἐκ τούτου δὲ ἀπέδειξας ὅτι ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ θεὸς παρὰ τοῦτον τὸν ὀφθέντα τῷ Ἀβραάμ, ὃς καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πατριάρχαις καὶ προφήταις ὦπτο, ἀλλ' ἡμᾶς ἀπέδειξας οὐκ ὀρθῶς νενοηκότας ὅτι οἱ τρεῖς, οἱ ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ παρὰ τῷ Ἀβραὰμ γενόμενοι, ὅλοι ἄγγελοι ἦσαν. Καὶ πάλιν ἐγώ: Εἰ οὖν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν μὴ εἶχον ἀποδεῖξαι ὑμῖν ὅτι εἷς τῶν τριῶν ἐκείνων καὶ ὁ θεός ἐστι καὶ ἄγγελος καλεῖται, ἐκ τοῦ ἀγγέλλειν, ὡς προέφην, οἷσπερ βούλεται τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ ὁ τῶν ὅλων ποιητὴς θεός, τοῦτον τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐν ἰδέᾳ ἀνδρὸς ὁμοίως τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ παραγενομένοις δυσὶν ἀγγέλοις φαινόμενον τῷ Ἀβραάμ, τὸν καὶ πρὸ ποιήσεως κόσμου ὄντα θεόν, τοῦτον νοεῖν ὑμᾶς εὔλογον ἦν, ὅπερ τὸ πᾶν ἔθνος ὑμῶν νοεῖ. Καὶ πάνυ, ἔφη: οὕτως γὰρ καὶ μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο εἴχομεν. Κἀγὼ πάλιν εἶπον: Ἐπὶ τὰς γραφὰς ἐπανελθὼν πειράσομαι πεῖσαι ὑμᾶς ὅτι οὗτος ὅ τε τῷ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τῷ Ἰακὼβ καὶ τῷ Μωυσεῖ ὦφθαι λεγόμενος καὶ γεγραμμένος θεὸς ἕτερός ἐστι τοῦ τὰ πάντα ποιήσαντος θεοῦ, ἀριθμῷ λέγω ἀλλὰ οὐ γνώμῃ: οὐδὲν γάρ φημι αὐτὸν πεπραχέναι ποτὲ ἢ ἅπερ αὐτὸς ὁ τὸν κόσμον ποιήσας, ὑπὲρ ὃν ἄλλος οὐκ ἔστι θεός, βεβούληται καὶ πρᾶξαι καὶ ὁμιλῆσαι. Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων: Ὅτι οὖν καὶ ἔστιν ἀπόδειξον ἤδη, ἵνα καὶ τούτῳ συνθώμεθα: οὐ γὰρ παρὰ γνώμην τοῦ ποιητοῦ τῶν ὅλων φάσκειν τι ἢ πεποιηκέναι αὐτὸν ἢ λελαληκέναι λέγειν σε ὑπολαμβάνομεν. Κἀγὼ εἶπον: Ἡ γραφὴ οὖν ἡ προλελεγμένη παρ' ἐμοῦ τοῦτο φανερὸν ὑμῖν ποιήσει. ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα: Ὁ ἥλιος ἐξῆλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ Λὼτ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Σηγώρ. καὶ ὁ κύριος ἔβρεξεν ἐπὶ Σόδομα θεῖον καὶ πῦρ παρὰ κυρίου ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ κατέστρεψε τὰς πόλεις ταύτας καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν περίοικον. Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος τῶν σὺν Τρύφωνι παραμεινάντων ἔφη: Ὃν οὖν ὁ λόγος διὰ Μωυσέως τῶν δύο ἀγγέλων κατελθόντων εἰς Σόδομα καὶ κύριον ἕνα ὠνόμασε, παρὰ τοῦτον καὶ τὸν θεὸν αὐτὸν τὸν ὀφθέντα τῷ Ἀβραὰμ λέγειν ἀνάγκη. Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο, ἔφην, μόνον, ὅπερ ἦν, ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ὁμολογεῖν ἔδει ὅτι καὶ παρὰ τὸν νοούμενον ποιητὴν τῶν ὅλων ἄλλος τις κυριολογεῖται ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος: οὐ μόνον δὲ διὰ Μωυσέως, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ Δαυείδ. καὶ γὰρ καὶ δι' ἐκείνου εἴρηται: Λέγει ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου: Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου, ὡς προείρηκα. καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἄλλοις λόγοις: Ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ θεός, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος: ῥάβδος εὐθύτητος ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς βασιλείας σου. ἠγάπησας δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐμίσησας ἀνομίαν: διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέ σε ὁ θεός, ὁ θεός σου, ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου. εἰ οὖν καὶ ἄλλον τινὰ θεολογεῖν καὶ κυριολογεῖν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιόν φατε ὑμεῖς παρὰ τὸν πατέρα τῶν ὅλων καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν αὐτοῦ, ἀποκρίνασθέ μοι, ἐμοῦ ἀποδεῖξαι ὑμῖν ὑπισχνουμένου ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν γραφῶν ὅτι οὐχ εἷς τῶν δύο ἀγγέλων τῶν κατελθόντων εἰς Σόδομά ἐστιν ὃν ἔφη ἡ γραφὴ κύριον, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνον τὸν σὺν αὐτοῖς καὶ θεὸν λεγόμενον ὀφθέντα τῷ Ἀβραάμ. Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων: Ἀποδείκνυε: καὶ γάρ, ὡς ὁρᾷς, ἥ τε ἡμέρα προκόπτει, καὶ ἡμεῖς πρὸς τὰς οὕτως ἐπικινδύνους ἀποκρίσεις οὐκ ἐσμὲν ἕτοιμοι, ἐπειδὴ οὐδενὸς οὐδέποτε ταῦτα ἐρευνῶντος ἢ ζητοῦντος ἢ ἀποδεικνύντος ἀκηκόαμεν. καὶ σοῦ λέγοντος οὐκ ἠνειχόμεθα, εἰ μὴ πάντα ἐπὶ τὰς γραφὰς ἀνῆγες: ἐξ αὐτῶν γὰρ τὰς ἀποδείξεις ποιεῖσθαι σπουδάζεις, καὶ μηδένα ὑπὲρ τὸν ποιητὴν τῶν ὅλων εἶναι θεὸν ἀποφαίνῃ. Κἀγώ: Ἐπίστασθε οὖν, ἔφην, ὅτι ἡ γραφὴ λέγει: Καὶ εἶπε κύριος πρὸς Ἀβραάμ: Τί ὅτι ἐγέλασε Σάρρα λέγουσα: Ἆρά γε ἀληθῶς τέξομαι; ἐγὼ δὲ γεγήρακα. μὴ ἀδυνατεῖ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ ῥῆμα; εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον ἀναστρέφω πρός σε εἰς ὥρας, καὶ τῇ Σάρρᾳ υἱὸς ἔσται. καὶ μετὰ μικρόν: Ἐξαναστάντες δὲ ἐκεῖθεν οἱ ἄνδρες κατέβλεψαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας: Ἀβραὰμ δὲ συνεπορεύετο μετ' αὐτῶν, συμπέμπων αὐτούς. ὁ δὲ κύριος εἶπεν: Οὐ μὴ κρύψω ἐγὼ ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ τοῦ παιδός μου ἃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ. καὶ μετ' ὀλίγον πάλιν οὕτως φησίν: Εἶπε κύριος: Κραυγὴ Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας πεπλήθυνται, καὶ αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτῶν μεγάλαι σφόδρα. καταβὰς οὖν ὄψομαι εἰ κατὰ τὴν κραυγὴν αὐτῶν τὴν ἐρχομένην πρός με συντελοῦνται, εἰ δὲ μή, ἵνα γνῶ. καὶ ἀποστρέψαντες οἱ ἄνδρες ἐκεῖθεν ἦλθον εἰς Σόδομα. Ἀβραὰμ δὲ ἦν ἑστηκὼς ἔναντι κυρίου, καὶ ἐγγίσας Ἀβραὰμ εἶπεν: Μὴ συναπολέσῃς δίκαιον μετὰ ἀσεβοῦς, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς: οὐ γὰρ γράφειν πάλιν τὰ αὐτά, τῶν πάντων προγεγραμμένων, δοκεῖ μοι, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα, δι' ὧν καὶ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν τῷ Τρύφωνι καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ πεποίημαι, λέγειν ἀναγκαῖον. Τότε οὖν ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, ἐν οἷς λέλεκται ταῦτα: Ἀπῆλθε δὲ κύριος, ὡς ἐπαύσατο λέγων τῷ Ἀβραάμ, καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ. ἦλθον δὲ οἱ δύο ἄγγελοι εἰς Σόδομα ἑσπέρας: Λὼτ δὲ ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν πύλην Σοδόμων: καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς ὁμοίως μέχρι τοῦ: Ἐκτείναντες δὲ οἱ ἄνδρες τὰς χεῖρας ἐπίασαν τὸν Λὼτ πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τὸν οἶκον, καὶ τὴν θύραν τοῦ οἴκου προσέκλεισαν: καὶ τὰ ἑπόμενα μέχρι τοῦ: Καὶ ἐκράτησαν οἱ ἄγγελοι τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς χειρὸς τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν θυγατέρων αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ φείσασθαι κύριον αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐγένετο ἡνίκα ἐξήγαγον αὐτοὺς ἔξω, καὶ εἶπον: Σῶζε, σῶζε τὴν σεαυτοῦ ψυχήν. μὴ περιβλέψῃ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω, μηδὲ στῇς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ περιχώρῳ: εἰς τὸ ὄρος σώζου, μήποτε συμπαραληφθῇς. εἶπε δὲ Λὼτ πρὸς αὐτούς: Δέομαι, κύριε, ἐπειδὴ εὗρεν ὁ παῖς σου ἔλεος ἐναντίον σου, καὶ ἐμεγάλυνας τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου, ὃ ποιεῖς ἐπ' ἐμὲ τοῦ ζῆν τὴν ψυχήν μου: ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ δύναμαι διασωθῆναι εἰς τὸ ὄρος, μὴ καταλάβῃ με τὰ κακὰ καὶ ἀποθάνω. ἰδοὺ ἡ πόλις αὕτη ἐγγὺς τοῦ καταφυγεῖν ἐστιν ἐκεῖ μικρά: ἐκεῖ σωθήσομαι, ὡς μικρά ἐστι, καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχή μου. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ: Ἰδοὺ ἐθαύμασά σου τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ῥήματι τούτῳ τοῦ μὴ καταστρέψαι τὴν πόλιν περὶ ἧς ἐλάλησας. σπεῦσον τοῦ σωθῆναι ἐκεῖ: οὐ γὰρ δυνήσομαι ποιῆσαι πρᾶγμα ἕως τοῦ εἰσελθεῖν σε ἐκεῖ. διὰ τοῦτο ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα τῆς πόλεως Σηγώρ. ὁ ἥλιος ἐξῆλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ Λὼτ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Σηγώρ. καὶ ὁ κύριος ἔβρεξεν εἰς Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα θεῖον καὶ πῦρ παρὰ κυρίου ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ κατέστρεψε τὰς πόλεις ταύτας καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν περίοικον. Καὶ πάλιν παυσάμενος ἐπέφερον: Καὶ νῦν οὐ νενοήκατε, φίλοι, ὅτι ὁ εἷς τῶν τριῶν, ὁ καὶ θεὸς καὶ κύριος τῷ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ὑπηρετῶν, κύριος τῶν δύο ἀγγέλων; προσελθόντων γὰρ αὐτῶν εἰς Σόδομα, αὐτὸς ὑπολειφθεὶς προσωμίλει τῷ Ἀβραὰμ τὰ ἀναγεγραμμένα ὑπὸ Μωυσέως: οὗ καὶ αὐτοῦ ἀπελθόντος μετὰ τὰς ὁμιλίας, ὁ Ἀβραὰμ ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ. οὗ ἐλθόντος, οὐκέτι δύο ἄγγελοι ὁμιλοῦσι τῷ Λὼτ ἀλλ' αὐτός, ὡς ὁ λόγος δηλοῖ, καὶ κύριός ἐστι, παρὰ κυρίου τοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, τοῦτ' ἔστι τοῦ ποιητοῦ τῶν ὅλων, λαβὼν τὸ ταῦτα ἐπενεγκεῖν Σοδόμοις καὶ Γομόρροις ἅπερ ὁ λόγος καταριθμεῖ, οὕτως εἰπών: Κύριος ἔβρεξεν ἐπὶ Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα θεῖον καὶ πῦρ παρὰ κυρίου ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.