Chapter LXXIX.—He proves against Trypho that the wicked angels have revolted from God.

On this, Trypho, who was somewhat angry, but respected the Scriptures, as was manifest from his countenance, said to me, “The utterances of God are holy, but your expositions are mere contrivances, as is plain from what has been explained by you; nay, even blasphemies, for you assert that angels sinned and revolted from God.”

And I, wishing to get him to listen to me, answered in milder tones, thus: “I admire, sir, this piety of yours; and I pray that you may entertain the same disposition towards Him to whom angels are recorded to minister, as Daniel says; for [one] like the Son of man is led to the Ancient of days, and every kingdom is given to Him for ever and ever. But that you may know, sir,” continued I, “that it is not our audacity which has induced us to adopt this exposition, which you reprehend, I shall give you evidence from Isaiah himself; for he affirms that evil angels have dwelt and do dwell in Tanis, in Egypt. These are [his] words: ‘Woe to the rebellious children! Thus saith the Lord, You have taken counsel, but not through Me; and [made] agreements, but not through My Spirit, to add sins to sins; who have sinned303    LXX. “who walk,” πορευόμενοι for πονηρευόμενοι. in going down to Egypt (but they have not inquired at Me), that they may be assisted by Pharaoh, and be covered with the shadow of the Egyptians. For the shadow of Pharaoh shall be a disgrace to you, and a reproach to those who trust in the Egyptians; for the princes in Tanis304    In E. V. “Zoan.” are evil angels. In vain will they labour for a people which will not profit them by assistance, but [will be] for a disgrace and a reproach [to them].’305    Isa. xxx. 1–5. And, further, Zechariah tells, as you yourself have related, that the devil stood on the right hand of Joshua the priest, to resist him; and [the Lord] said, ‘The Lord, who has taken306    ἐκδεξάμενος; in chap. cxv. inf. it is ἐκλεξάμενος. Jerusalem, rebuke thee.’307    Zech. iii. 1. And again, it is written in Job,308    Job i. 6. as you said yourself, how that the angels came to stand before the Lord, and the devil came with them. And we have it recorded by Moses in the beginning of Genesis, that the serpent beguiled Eve, and was cursed. And we know that in Egypt there were magicians who emulated309    Maranus suggests the insertion of ἐποίησαν or ἐπείρασαν before ἐξισοῦσθαι. the mighty power displayed by God through the faithful servant Moses. And you are aware that David said, ‘The gods of the nations are demons.’ ”310    Ps. xcvi. 5.

[79] Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων, ὑπαγανακτῶν μέν, αἰδούμενος δὲ τὰς γραφάς, ὡς ἐδηλοῦτο ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ, εἶπε πρός με: Τὰ μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ ἅγιά ἐστιν, αἱ δὲ ὑμέτεραι ἐξηγήσεις τετεχνασμέναι εἰσίν, ὡς φαίνεται καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐξηγημένων ὑπὸ σοῦ, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ βλάσφημοι: ἀγγέλους γὰρ πονηρευσαμένους καὶ ἀποστάντας τοῦ θεοῦ λέγεις. Κἀγὼ ἐνδοτικώτερον τῇ φωνῇ, παρασκευάσαι αὐτὸν βουλόμενος πρὸς τὸ ἀκούειν μου, ἀπεκρινάμην λέγων: Ἄγαμαί σου, ἄνθρωπε, τὸ εὐλαβὲς τοῦτο, καὶ εὔχομαι τὴν αὐτὴν διάθεσίν σε ἔχειν καὶ περὶ ὃν διακονεῖν γεγραμμένοι εἰσὶν οἱ ἄγγελοι, ὡς Δανιήλ φησιν, ὅτι ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου πρὸς τὸν παλαιὸν τῶν ἡμερῶν προσάγεται, καὶ αὐτῷ δίδοται πᾶσα βασιλεία εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος. ἵνα δὲ γνωρίζῃς, εἶπον, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, μὴ ἡμετέρᾳ τόλμῃ χρησαμένους τὴν ἐξήγησιν ταύτην, ἣν μέμφῃ, πεποιῆσθαι ἡμᾶς, μαρτυρίαν σοι ἀπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἠσαίου δώσω, ὅτι πονηροὺς ἀγγέλους κατῳκηκέναι καὶ κατοικεῖν λέγει καὶ ἐν Τάνει, τῇ Αἰγυπτίᾳ χώρᾳ. εἰσὶ δὲ οἱ λόγοι οὗτοι: Οὐαὶ τέκνα ἀποστάται, τάδε λέγει κύριος: ἐποιήσατε βουλὴν οὐ δι' ἐμοῦ καὶ συνθήκας οὐ διὰ τοῦ πνεύματός μου, προσθεῖναι ἁμαρτίας ἐφ' ἁμαρτίαις: οἱ πονηρευόμενοι καταβῆναι εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ἐμὲ δὲ οὐκ ἠρώτησαν, τοῦ βοηθηθῆναι ὑπὸ Φαραὼ καὶ σκεπασθῆναι σκέπην Αἰγυπτίων. ἔσται γὰρ ὑμῖν ἡ σκέπη Φαραὼ εἰς αἰσχύνην, καὶ τοῖς πεποιθόσιν ἐπ' Αἰγυπτίους ὄνειδος, ὅτι εἰσὶν ἐν Τάνει ἀρχηγοὶ ἄγγελοι πονηροί. μάτην κοπιάσουσι πρὸς λαόν, ὃς οὐκ ὠφελήσει αὐτοὺς εἰς βοήθειαν, ἀλλ' εἰς αἰσχύνην καὶ ὄνειδος. ἀλλὰ καὶ Ζαχαρίας φησίν, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμνημόνευσας, ὅτι ὁ διάβολος εἱστήκει ἐκ δεξιῶν Ἰησοῦ τοῦ ἱερέως, ἀντικεῖσθαι αὐτῷ, καὶ εἰπεῖν: Ἐπιτιμήσαι σοι κύριος, ὁ ἐκδεξάμενος Ἰερουσαλήμ. καὶ πάλιν ἐν τῷ Ἰὼβ γέγραπται, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸς ἔφης, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι ἦλθον στῆναι ἔμπροσθεν κυρίου, καὶ ὁ διάβολος ἅμα αὐτοῖς ἐληλύθει. καὶ ὑπὸ Μωυσέως ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς Γενέσεως ὄφιν πλανήσαντα τὴν Εὔαν γεγραμμένον ἔχομεν καὶ κεκατηραμένον. καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ὅτι μάγοι ἦσαν ἐξισοῦσθαι τῇ δυνάμει τῇ ἐνεργουμένῃ διὰ τοῦ πιστοῦ θεράποντος Μωυσέως ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἔγνωμεν. καὶ Δαυεὶδ ὅτι Οἱ θεοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν δαιμόνιά εἰσιν εἶπεν, ἐπίστασθε.