S. AURELII AUGUSTINI HIPPONENSIS EPISCOPI DE ANIMA ET EJUS ORIGINE LIBRI QUATUOR .
LIBER SECUNDUS. AD PETRUM PRESBYTERUM.
LIBER TERTIUS. AD VINCENTIUM VICTOREM.
Chapter 17 [XII.]—A Twofold Question to Be Treated Concerning the Soul; Is It “Body”? and is It “Spirit”? What Body is.
And now, as far as the Lord vouchsafes to enable me, I must reply also to that allegation of yours, in which, speaking of the soul, you again mention my name, and say, “We do not, as the very able and learned bishop Augustin professes, allow it to be incorporeal and also a spirit.” We have therefore, first, to discuss the question, whether the soul is to be deemed incorporeal, as I have said; or corporeal, as you hold. Then, secondly, whether in our Scriptures it is called a spirit—although not the whole but its own separate part is also properly called spirit.136 [The author seems here to have such texts as 1 Thess. v. 23 in mind (see below, chs. 19 and 36), and to mean that sometimes the whole inner man is called “spirit,” and sometimes “spirit” is distinguished from “soul.”—W.] Well, I should, to begin with, like to know how you define body. For if that is not “body” which does not consist of limbs of flesh, then the earth cannot be a body, nor the sky, nor a stone, nor water, nor the stars, nor anything of the kind. If, however, a “body” is whatever consists of parts, whether greater or less, which occupy greater or smaller local spaces, then all the things which I have just mentioned are bodies; the air is a body; the visible light is a body; and so are all the things which the apostle has in view, when he says, “There are celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial.”137 1 Cor. xv. 40.
CAPUT XII.
17. Nunc jam, quantum Dominus donare dignatur, etiam ad illud debeo respondere, ubi de anima loquens, meum nomen iterasti, atque dixisti: «Non enim, sicut Augustinus peritissimus episcopus profitetur, incorpoream et eamdem spiritum esse permittimus.» Prius itaque utrum anima incorporea, sicut ego dixi, an corporea, sicut tu, existimanda sit, disputemus. Deinde utrum etiam ipsa secundum Scripturas nostras dicatur spiritus; quamvis etiam proprie spiritus nuncupetur, non universa, sed aliquid ejus. Ac primum scire vellem, corpus quid esse definias. Si enim non est corpus, nisi quod membris carnalibus constat; nec terra erit corpus, nec coelum, nec lapis, nec aqua, nec sidera, nec si quid hujusmodi est. Si autem corpus est quidquid majoribus et minoribus suis partibus majora et minora spatia locorum obtinentibus constat; corpora sunt etiam ista quae commemoravi: corpus est aer, corpus est lux ista visibilis, et omnia sicut dicit Apostolus, corpora coelestia, et corpora terrestria (I Cor. XV, 40).