Chapter 6.—There is One Knowledge of the Thing in the Thing Itself, and Another in Eternal Truth Itself. That Corporeal Things, Too, are to Be Judged the Rules of Eternal Truth.

9. But when the human mind knows itself and loves itself, it does not know and love anything unchangeable: and each individual man declares his own particular mind by one manner of speech, when he considers what takes place in himself; but defines the human mind abstractly by special or general knowledge. And so, when he speaks to me of his own individual mind, as to whether he understands this or that, or does not understand it, or whether he wishes or does not wish this or that, I believe; but when he speaks the truth of the mind of man generally or specially, I recognize and approve. Whence it is manifest, that each sees a thing in himself, in such way that another person may believe what he says of it, yet may not see it; but another [sees a thing] in the truth itself, in such way that another person also can gaze upon it; of which the former undergoes changes at successive times, the latter consists in an unchangeable eternity. For we do not gather a generic or specific knowledge of the human mind by means of resemblance by seeing many minds with the eyes of the body: but we gaze upon indestructible truth, from which to define perfectly, as far as we can, not of what sort is the mind of any one particular man, but of what sort it ought to be upon the eternal plan.

10. Whence also, even in the case of the images of things corporeal which are drawn in through the bodily sense, and in some way infused into the memory, from which also those things which have not been seen are thought under a fancied image, whether otherwise than they really are, or even perchance as they are;—even here too, we are proved either to accept or reject, within ourselves, by other rules which remain altogether unchangeable above our mind, when we approve or reject anything rightly. For both when I recall the walls of Carthage which I have seen, and imagine to myself the walls of Alexandria which I have not seen, and, in preferring this to that among forms which in both cases are imaginary, make that preference upon grounds of reason; the judgment of truth from above is still strong and clear, and rests firmly upon the utterly indestructible rules of its own right; and if it is covered as it were by cloudiness of corporeal images, yet is not wrapt up and confounded in them.

11. But it makes a difference, whether, under that or in that darkness, I am shut off as it were from the clear heaven; or whether (as usually happens on lofty mountains), enjoying the free air between both, I at once look up above to the calmest light, and down below upon the densest clouds. For whence is the ardor of brotherly love kindled in me, when I hear that some man has borne bitter torments for the excellence and steadfastness of faith? And if that man is shown to me with the finger, I am eager to join myself to him, to become acquainted with him, to bind him to myself in friendship. And accordingly, if opportunity offers, I draw near, I address him, I converse with him, I express my goodwill towards him in what words I can, and wish that in him too in turn should be brought to pass and expressed goodwill towards me; and I endeavor after a spiritual embrace in the way of belief, since I cannot search out so quickly and discern altogether his innermost heart. I love therefore the faithful and courageous man with a pure and genuine love. But if he were to confess to me in the course of conversation, or were through unguardedness to show in any way, that either he believes something unseemly of God, and desires also something carnal in Him, and that he bore these torments on behalf of such an error, or from the desire of money for which he hoped, or from empty greediness of human praise: immediately it follows that the love with which I was borne towards him, displeased, and as it were repelled, and taken away from an unworthy man, remains in that form, after which, believing him such as I did, I had loved him; unless perhaps I have come to love him to this end, that he may become such, while I have found him not to be such in fact. And in that man, too, nothing is changed: although it can be changed, so that he may become that which I had believed him to be already. But in my mind there certainly is something changed, viz., the estimate I had formed of him, which was before of one sort, and now is of another: and the same love, at the bidding from above of unchangeable righteousness, is turned aside from the purpose of enjoying, to the purpose of taking counsel. But the form itself of unshaken and stable truth, wherein I should have enjoyed the fruition of the man, believing him to be good, and wherein likewise I take counsel that he may be good, sheds in an immoveable eternity the same light of incorruptible and most sound reason, both upon the sight of my mind, and upon that cloud of images, which I discern from above, when I think of the same man whom I had seen. Again, when I call back to my mind some arch, turned beautifully and symmetrically, which, let us say, I saw at Carthage; a certain reality that had been made known to the mind through the eyes, and transferred to the memory, causes the imaginary view. But I behold in my mind yet another thing, according to which that work of art pleases me; and whence also, if it displeased me, I should correct it. We judge therefore of those particular things according to that [form of eternal truth], and discern that form by the intuition of the rational mind. But those things themselves we either touch if present by the bodily sense, or if absent remember their images as fixed in our memory, or picture, in the way of likeness to them, such things as we ourselves also, if we wished and were able, would laboriously build up: figuring in the mind after one fashion the images of bodies, or seeing bodies through the body; but after another, grasping by simple intelligence what is above the eye of the mind, viz., the reasons and the unspeakably beautiful skill of such forms.

CAPUT VI.

9. Alia notitia rei in ipsa re, alia in ipsa aeterna veritate. Quod ex aeternae veritatis regulis judicium de rebus etiam corporeis fiat. Sed cum se ipsam novit humana mens et amat se ipsam, non aliquid incommutabile novit et amat: aliterque unusquisque homo loquendo enuntiat mentem suam, quid in se ipso agatur attendens; aliter autem humanam mentem speciali aut generali cognitione definit. Itaque 0966 cum mihi de sua propria loquitur, utrum intelligat hoc aut illud, an non intelligat, et utrum velit, an nolit hoc aut illud, credo: cum vero de humana specialiter aut generaliter verum dicit, agnosco et approbo. Unde manifestum est, aliud unumquemque videre in se, quod sibi alius dicenti credat, non tamen videat; aliud autem in ipsa veritate, quod alius quoque possit intueri: quorum alterum mutari per tempora, alterum incommutabili aeternitate consistere. Neque enim oculis corporeis multas mentes videndo, per similitudinem colligimus generalem vel specialem mentis humanae notitiam: sed intuemur inviolabilem veritatem, ex qua perfecte, quantum possumus, definiamus, non qualis sit uniuscujusque hominis mens, sed qualis esse sempiternis rationibus debeat.

10. Unde etiam phantasias rerum corporalium per corporis sensum haustas, et quodam modo infusas memoriae, ex quibus etiam ea quae non visa sunt, ficto phantasmate cogitantur, sive aliter quam sunt, sive fortuitu sicuti sunt, aliis omnino regulis supra mentem nostram incommutabiliter manentibus, vel approbare apud nosmetipsos, vel improbare convincimur, cum recte aliquid approbamus aut improbamus. Nam et cum recolo Carthaginis moenia quae vidi, et cum fingo Alexandriae quae non vidi, easdemque imaginarias formas quasdam quibusdam praeferens, rationabiliter praefero; viget et claret desuper judicium veritatis, ac sui juris incorruptissimis regulis firmum est: et si corporalium imaginum quasi quodam nubilo subtexitur, non tamen involvitur atque confunditur.

11. Sed interest utrum ego sub illa vel in illa caligine, tanquam a coelo perspicuo secludar; an sicut in altissimis montibus accidere solet, inter utrumque aere libero fruens, et serenissimam lucem supra, et densissimas nebulas subter aspiciam. Nam unde in me fraterni amoris inflammatur ardor, cum audio virum aliquem pro fidei pulchritudine et firmitate acria tormenta tolerasse? Et si mihi digito ostendatur ipse homo, studeo mihi conjungere, notum facere, amicitia colligare. Itaque si facultas datur, accedo, alloquor, sermonem confero, affectum meum in illum quibus verbis possum exprimo, vicissimque in eo fieri quem in me habeat atque exprimi volo, spiritualemque complexum credendo molior, quia pervestigare tam cito et cernere penitus ejus interiora non possum. Amo itaque fidelem et fortem virum amore casto atque germano. Quod si mihi inter nostras loquelas fateatur, aut incautus aliquo modo sese indicet, quod vel de Deo credat incongrua, atque in illo quoque carnale aliquid desideret, et pro tali errore illa pertulerit, vel speratae pecuniae cupiditate, vel inani aviditate laudis humanae: statim amor ille, quo in eum ferebar, offensus, et quasi repercussus, atque ab indigno homine ablatus, in ea forma permanet , ex qua eum talem credens amaveram. 0967 Nisi forte ad hoc amo jam, ut talis sit, cum talem non esse comperero. At in illo homine nihil mutatum est: mutari tamen potest, ut fiat quod cum jam esse credideram. In mente autem mea mutata est utique ipsa existimatio, quae de illo aliter se habebat, et aliter habet: idemque amor ab intentione perfruendi ad intentionem consulendi, incommutabili desuper justitia jubente deflexus est. Ipsa vero forma inconcussae ac stabilis veritatis, et in qua fruerer homine bonum eum credens, et in qua consulo ut bonus sit, eadem luce incorruptibilis sincerissimaeque rationis et meae mentis aspectum, et illam phantasiae nubem, quam desuper cerno, cum eumdem hominem quem videram cogito, imperturbabili aeternitate perfundit . Item cum arcum pulchre ac aequabiliter intortum, quem vidi, verbi gratia, Carthagine, animo revolvo, res quaedam menti nuntiata per oculos, memoriaeque transfusa, imaginarium conspectum facit. Sed aliud mente conspicio, secundum quod mihi opus illud placet; unde etiam, si displiceret, corrigerem. Itaque de istis secundum illam judicamus, et illam cernimus rationalis mentis intuitu. Ista vero aut praesentia sensu corporis tangimus, aut imagines absentium fixas in memoria recordamur, aut ex earum similitudine talia fingimus, qualia nos ipsi, si vellemus atque possemus, etiam opere moliremur: aliter figurantes animo imagines corporum, aut per corpus corpora videntes; aliter autem rationes artemque ineffabiliter pulchram talium figurarum super aciem mentis simplici intelligentia capientes.