Chapter 19.—What in the Incarnate Word Belongs to Knowledge, What to Wisdom.

24. And all these things which the Word made flesh did and bare for us in time and place, belong, according to the distinction which we have undertaken to demonstrate, to knowledge, not to wisdom. And as the Word is without time and without place, it is co-eternal with the Father, and in its wholeness everywhere; and if any one can, and as much as he can, speak truly concerning this Word, then his discourse will pertain to wisdom. And hence the Word made flesh, which is Christ Jesus, has the treasures both of wisdom and of knowledge. For the apostle, writing to the Colossians, says: “For I would that ye knew what great conflict I have for you, and for them at Laodicea, and for as many as have not seen my face in the flesh; that their hearts might be comforted, being knit together in love, and unto all riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the acknowledgment of the mystery of God which is Christ Jesus: in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.”835    Col. ii. 1–3 To what extent the apostle knew all those treasures, how much of them he had penetrated, and in them to how great things he had reached, who can know? Yet, for my part, according to that which is written, “But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal; for to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom, to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit;”836    1 Cor. xii. 7, 8 if these two are in such way to be distinguished from each other, that wisdom is to be assigned to divine things, knowledge to human, I acknowledge both in Christ, and so with me do all His faithful ones. And when I read, “The Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us,” I understand by the Word the true Son of God, I acknowledge in the flesh the true Son of man, and both together joined into one Person of God and man, by an ineffable copiousness of grace. And on account of this, the apostle goes on to say, “And we beheld His glory, the glory as of the Only-begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth.”837    John i. 14 If we refer grace to knowledge, and truth to wisdom, I think we shall not swerve from that distinction between these two things which we have commended. For in those things that have their origin in time, this is the highest grace, that man is joined with God in unity of person; but in things eternal the highest truth is rightly attributed to the Word of God. But that the same is Himself the Only-begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth,—this took place, in order that He Himself in things done for us in time should be the same for whom we are cleansed by the same faith, that we may contemplate Him steadfastly in things eternal. And those distinguished philosophers of the heathen who have been able to understand and discern the invisible things of God by those things which are made, have yet, as is said of them, “held down the truth in iniquity;”838    Rom. i. 23; detinuerum. because they philosophized without a Mediator, that is, without the man Christ, whom they neither believed to be about to come at the word of the prophets, nor to have come at that of the apostles. For, placed as they were in these lowest things, they could not but seek some media through which they might attain to those lofty things which they had understood; and so they fell upon deceitful spirits, through whom it came to pass, that “they changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things.”839    Rom. i. 18, 20 For in such forms also they set up or worshipped idols. Therefore Christ is our knowledge, and the same Christ is also our wisdom. He Himself implants in us faith concerning temporal things, He Himself shows forth the truth concerning eternal things. Through Him we reach on to Himself: we stretch through knowledge to wisdom; yet we do not withdraw from one and the same Christ, “in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and of knowledge.” But now we speak of knowledge, and will hereafter speak of wisdom as much as He Himself shall grant. And let us not so take these two things, as if it were not allowable to speak either of the wisdom which is in human things, or of the knowledge which is in divine. For after a laxer custom of speech, both can be called wisdom, and both knowledge. Yet the apostle could not in any way have written, “To one is given the word of wisdom, to another the word of knowledge,” except also these several things had been properly called by the several names, of the distinction between which we are now treating.

CAPUT XIX.

24. Quid ad scientiam, quid ad sapientiam pertineat in Verbo incarnato. Haec autem omnia quae pro nobis Verbum caro factum temporaliter et localiter fecit et pertulit, secundum distinctionem quam demonstrare suscepimus, ad scientiam pertinent, non ad sapientiam. Quod autem Verbum est sine tempore et sine loco, est Patri coaeternum et ubique totum; de quo si quisquam potest, quantum potest, veracem proferre sermonem, sermo ille erit sapientiae: ac per hoc Verbum caro factum, quod est Christus Jesus, et sapientiae thesauros habet et scientiae. Nam scribens Apostolus ad Colossenses: Volo enim vos scire, inquit, quantum certamen habeam pro vobis, et pro iis qui sunt Laodiciae, et quicumque non viderunt faciem meam in carne; ut consolentur corda eorum, copulati in charitate et in omnibus divitiis plenitudinis intellectus, ad cognoscendum mysterium Dei, quod est Christus Jesus, in quo sunt omnes thesauri sapientiae et scientiae absconditi (Coloss. II, 1-3). Quatenus noverat Apostolus thesauros istos, quantum eorum penetraverat, et in eis ad quanta pervenerat, quis potest nosse? Ego tamen secundum id quod scriptum est, Unicuique autem nostrum datur manifestatio Spiritus ad utilitatem: alii quidem datur per Spiritum sermo sapientiae, alii sermo scientiae secundum eumdem Spiritum (I Cor. XII, 7, 8), si ita inter se distant haec duo, ut sapientia divinis, scientia humanis attributa sit rebus, utrumque agnosco in Christo, et mecum omnis ejus fidelis. Et cum lego, Verbum caro factum est, et habitavit in nobis; in Verbo intelligo verum Dei Filium, in carne agnosco verum hominis filium, et utrumque simul in unam personam Dei et hominis ineffabili gratiae largitate conjunctum. Propter quod sequitur et dicit, Et vidimus gloriam ejus, gloriam quasi Unigeniti a Patre, plenum gratiae et veritatis (Joan. I, 14). Si gratiam referamus ad scientiam, veritatem ad sapientiam, puto nos ab illa duarum istarum rerum distinctione, quam commendavimus, non abhorrere. In rebus enim per tempus ortis, illa summa gratia est, quod homo in unitate personae conjunctus est Deo: in rebus vero aeternis summa veritas recte tribuitur Dei Verbo. Quod vero idem ipse est 1034 Unigenitus a Patre plenus gratiae et veritatis, id actum est ut idem ipse sit in rebus pro nobis temporaliter gestis, cui per eamdem fidem mundamur, ut eum stabiliter contemplemur in rebus aeternis. Illi autem praecipui gentium philosophi, qui invisibilia Dei, per ea quae facta sunt, intellecta conspicere potuerunt, tamen quia sine Mediatore, id est, sine homine Christo philosophati sunt, quem nec venturum Prophetis, nec venisse Apostolis crediderunt, veritatem detinuerunt, sicut de illis dictum est, in iniquitate. Non potuerunt enim in his rerum infimis constituti, nisi quaerere aliqua media per quae ad illa quae intellexerant sublimia pervenirent: atque ita in deceptores daemones inciderunt, per quos factum est ut immutarent gloriam incorruptibilis Dei, in similitudinem imaginis corruptibilis hominis et volucrum et quadrupedum et serpentium (Rom. I, 20, 18, 23). In talibus enim formis etiam idola instituerunt, sive coluerunt. Scientia ergo nostra Christus est, sapientia quoque nostra idem Christus est. Ipse nobis fidem de rebus temporalibus inserit, ipse de sempiternis exhibet veritatem. Per ipsum pergimus ad ipsum, tendimus per scientiam ad sapientiam: ab uno tamen eodemque Christo non recedimus, in quo sunt omnes thesauri sapientiae et scientiae absconditi. Sed nunc de scientia loquimur, post de sapientia, quantum ipse donaverit, locuturi. Nec ista duo sic accipiamus, quasi non liceat dicere, vel istam sapientiam quae in rebus humanis est, vel illam scientiam quae in divinis. Loquendi enim latiore consuetudine, utraque sapientia, utraque scientia dici potest. Nullo modo tamen scriptum esset apud Apostolum, Alii datur sermo sapientiae, alii sermo scientiae; nisi et proprie singulis nominibus haec singula vocarentur, de quorum distinctione nunc agimus.