Chapter 6.—How a Kind of Trinity Exists in the Mind Thinking of Itself. What is the Part of Thought in This Trinity.

The function of thought, however, is so great, that not even the mind itself can, so to say, place itself in its own sight, except when it thinks of itself; and hence it is so far the case, that nothing is in the sight of the mind, except that which is being thought of, that not even the mind itself, whereby we think whatever we do think, can be in its own sight otherwise than by thinking of itself. But in what way it is not in its own sight when it is not thinking of itself, while it can never be without itself, as though itself were one thing, and the sight of itself another, it is not in my power to discover. For this is not unreasonably said of the eye of the body; for the eye itself of the body is fixed in its own proper place in the body, but its sight extends to things external to itself, and reaches even to the stars. And the eye is not in its own sight, since it does not look at itself, unless by means of a mirror, as is said above;869    Bk. x. c. 3. a thing that certainly does not happen when the mind places itself in its own sight by thinking of itself. Does it then see one part of itself by means of another part of itself, when it looks at itself in thought, as we look at some of our members, which can be in our sight, with other also of our members, viz. with our eyes? What can be said or thought more absurd? For by what is the mind removed, except by itself? or where is it placed so as to be in its own sight, except before itself? Therefore it will not be there, where it was, when it was not in its own sight; because it has been put down in one place, after being taken away from another. But if it migrated in order to be beheld, where will it remain in order to behold? Is it as it were doubled, so as to be in this and in that place at the same time, viz. both where it can behold, and where it can be beheld; that in itself it may be beholding, and before itself beheld? If we ask the truth, it will tell us nothing of the sort since it is but feigned images of bodily objects of which we conceive when we conceive thus; and that the mind is not such, is very certain to the few minds by which the truth on such a subject can be inquired. It appears, therefore, that the beholding of the mind is something pertaining to its nature, and is recalled to that nature when it conceives of itself, not as if by moving through space, but by an incorporeal conversion; but when it is not conceiving of itself, it appears that it is not indeed in its own sight, nor is its own perception formed from it, but yet that it knows itself as though it were to itself a remembrance of itself. Like one who is skilled in many branches of learning: the things which he knows are contained in his memory, but nothing thereof is in the sight of his mind except that of which he is conceiving; while all the rest are stored up in a kind of secret knowledge, which is called memory. The trinity, then, which we were setting forth, was constituted in this way: first, we placed in the memory the object by which the perception of the percipient was formed; next, the conformation, or as it were the image which is impressed thereby; lastly, love or will as that which combines the two. When the mind, then, beholds itself in conception, it understands and cognizes itself; it begets, therefore, this its own understanding and cognition. For an incorporeal thing is understood when it is beheld, and is cognized when understood. Yet certainly the mind does not so beget this knowledge of itself, when it beholds itself as understood by conception, as though it had before been unknown to itself; but it was known to itself, in the way in which things are known which are contained in the memory, but of which one is not thinking; since we say that a man knows letters even when he is thinking of something else, and not of letters. And these two, the begetter and the begotten, are coupled together by love, as by a third, which is nothing else than will, seeking or holding fast the enjoyment of something. We held, therefore, that a trinity of the mind is to be intimated also by these three terms, memory, intelligence, will.

9. But since the mind, as we said near the end of the same tenth book, always remembers itself, and always understands and loves itself, although it does not always think of itself as distinguished from those things which are not itself; we must inquire in what way understanding (intellectus) belongs to conception, while the notion (notitia) of each thing that is in the mind, even when one is not thinking of it, is said to belong only to the memory. For if this is so, then the mind had not these three things: viz. the remembrance, the understanding, and the love of itself; but it only remembered itself, and afterwards, when it began to think of itself, then it understood and loved itself.

CAPUT VI.

In mente se ipsam cogitante trinitas quaedam quomodo existat. Quid in hac trinitate praestet cogitatio. Tanta est tamen cogitationis vis, ut nec ipsa mens quodam modo se in conspectu suo ponat, nisi quando se cogitat: ac per hoc ita nihil in conspectu mentis est, nisi unde cogitatur, ut nec ipsa mens, qua cogitatur quidquid cogitatur, aliter possit esse in conspectu suo, nisi se ipsam cogitando. Quomodo autem, quando se non cogitat, in conspectu suo non sit, cum sine se ipsa nunquam esse possit, quasi aliud sit ipsa, aliud conspectus ejus, invenire non possum. Hoc quippe de oculo corporis non absurde dicitur: ipse quippe oculus loco suo fixus est in corpore, aspectus autem ejus in ea quae extra sunt tenditur, et usque in sidera extenditur. Nec est oculus in conspectu suo; quandoquidem non conspicit se ipsum, nisi speculo objecto, unde jam locuti sumus (Lib. 10, cap. 3): quod non fit utique quando se mens in suo conspectu sui cogitatione constituit. Numquid ergo alia sua parte aliam partem suam videt, cum se conspicit cogitando, sicut aliis membris nostris, qui sunt oculi, alia membra nostra conspicimus, quae in nostro possunt esse conspectu? Quid dici absurdius vel sentiri potest? Unde igitur aufertur mens, nisi a se ipsa? et ubi ponitur 1042 in conspectu suo, nisi ante se ipsam? Non ergo ibi erit ubi erat, quando in conspectu suo non erat; quia hic posita, inde sublata est. Sed si conspicienda migravit , conspectura ubi manebit? An quasi geminatur, ut et illic sit et hic, id est, et ubi conspicere, et ubi conspici possit; ut in se sit conspiciens, ante se conspicua? Nihil horum nobis veritas consulta respondet: quoniam quando isto modo cogitamus, non nisi corporum fictas imagines cogitamus, quod mentem non esse paucis certissimum est mentibus, a quibus potest de hac re veritas consuli. Proinde restat ut aliquid pertinens ad ejus naturam sit conspectus ejus, et in eam, quando se cogitat, non quasi per loci spatium, sed incorporea conversione revocetur: cum vero non se cogitat, non sit quidem in conspectu suo, nec de illa suus formetur obtutus, sed tamen noverit se tanquam ipsa sit sibi memoria sui. Sicut multarum disciplinarum peritus ea quae novit, ejus memoria continentur, nec est inde aliquid in conspectu mentis ejus, nisi unde cogitat; caetera in arcana quadam notitia sunt recondita, quae memoria nuncupatur. Ideo trinitatem sic commendabamus, ut illud unde formatur cogitantis obtutus, in memoria poneremus; ipsam vero conformationem, tanquam imaginem quae inde imprimitur; et illud quo utrumque conjungitur, amorem seu voluntatem. Mens igitur quando cogitatione se conspicit, intelligit se et recognoscit: gignit ergo hunc intellectum et cognitionem suam. Res quippe incorporea intellecta conspicitur, et intelligendo cognoscitur. Nec ita sane gignit istam notitiam suam mens, quando cogitando intellectam se conspicit, tanquam sibi ante incognita fuerit: sed ita sibi nota erat, quemadmodum notae sunt res quae memoria continentur, etiamsi non cogitentur: quoniam dicimus hominem nosse litteras, etiam cum de aliis rebus, non de litteris cogitat. Haec autem duo, gignens et genitum, dilectione tertia copulantur, quae nihil est aliud quam voluntas fruendum aliquid appetens vel tenens. Ideoque etiam illis tribus nominibus insinuandam mentis putavimus trinitatem, memoria, intelligentia, voluntate.

9. Sed quoniam mentem semper sui meminisse, semperque se ipsam intelligere et amare, quamvis non semper se cogitare discretam ab eis quae non sunt quod ipsa est, circa ejusdem libri decimi finem diximus: quaerendum est quonam modo ad cogitationem pertineat intellectus; notitia vero cujusque rei, quae inest menti, etiam quando non de ipsa cogitatur, ad solam dicatur memoriam pertinere. Si enim hoc ita est, non habebat haec tria, ut et sui meminisset, et se intelligeret, et amaret: sed meminerat tantum sui, et postea cum cogitare se coepit, tunc se intellexit atque dilexit.