LETTER II. [A.D.379.]

WE gather from the letter itself that Constantius, to whom it is addressed was a newly appointed Bishop, but of what see does not appear. In § 27 S. Ambrose commends to his care the see of Forum Cornelii, which was vacant at the time, as being in his neighbourhood. The grounds on which the Benedictine Editors fix the date seem rather vague. Its interest however is not historical: it is simply hortatory, urging on Constantius the fulfilment of the duties of his new office, and setting before him the chief subjects to which his preaching should be addressed. From S. Ambrose calling him 'my son' (§ 27) it would seem that he was either one of his own clergy, or had been in some way under his guidance. It is interesting as shewing how a great Bishop of that age dwelt upon the relations of the Episcopate, not merely to the Clergy under him as their superior, but to the laity of his diocese as their chief teacher.

AMBROSE TO CONSTANTI US.

1. You have undertaken the office of a Bishop, and now, seated in the stern of the Church, you are steering it in the teeth of the waves. Hold fast the rudder of faith, that you may not be shaken by the heavy storms of this world. The sea indeed is vast and deep, but fear not,  for He hath founded it upon the seas, and prepared it upon the floods.  01-6 6. Ps. xxiv. 2. Rightly then the Church of the Lord, amid all the seas of the world, stands immoveable, built as it were, upon the Apostolic rock; and her foundation remains unshaken by all the force of the raging surge. The waves lash but do not shake it; and although this world's elements often break against it with a mighty sound, still it offers a secure harbour of safety to receive the distressed.

2. Yet although it is tossed on the sea, it rides upon the floods; and perhaps chiefly on those floods of which it is said,  The floods have lift up their voice. For there are  rivers, which  shall flow out of his belly, who has received to drink from Christ, and partaken of the Spirit of God. These rivers then, when they overflow with spiritual grace, lift up their voice. There is a river too, which runs down upon His saints like a torrent.  01-7 7. Ps. xciii. 4. S. John vii. 38. Isa. lxvi. 12. Ps. xlvi. 4. And there are  the rivers of the  flood, which  make glad the peaceful and tranquil soul. He that receives, as did John the Evangelist, as did Peter and Paul, the fulness of this stream, lifts up his voice; and like as the Apostles loudly heralded forth to the farthest limits of the globe the Evangelic message, so he also begins to preach the Lord Jesus. Receive to drink therefore of Christ, that your sound may also go forth.

3. The Divine Scripture is a sea, containing in it deep meanings, and an abyss of prophetic mysteries; and into this sea enter many rivers. There are Sweet and transparent streams, cool  01-8 8. a Nivei. This is the reading all MSS. Ed. Rom. has 'vivi,' which would agree better with the text of S. John. fountains too there are,  springing up into life eternal, and  pleasant words as an honey-comb.  01-9 9. Prov.xvi. 24. Agreeable sentences too there are, refreshing the minds of the hearers, if I may say so, with spiritual drink, and soothing them with, the sweetness of their moral precepts. Various then are the streams of the sacred Scriptures. There is in them a first draught for you, a second, and a last.

4. Gather the water of Christ, that which  praises the Lord.  01-10 10. Ps. cxlviii. 5. Gather from many sources that water which the prophetic  clouds pour forth.  01-11 11. Eccles. xi. 3. He that gathers water from the hills and draws it to himself from the fountains, he also drops down dew like the clouds. Fill then the bosom of your mind, that your ground may be moistened and watered by domestic springs. He who needs and apprehends much is filled, he who hath been filled waters others, and therefore Scripture saith,  If the clouds be full of rain, they empty themselves upon the earth.  01-12 12. Ib.

5. Let your discourses then be flowing, let them be clear and lucid; pour the sweetness of your moral arguments into the ears of the people, and sooth them with the charm of your words, that so they may willingly follow your guidance. But if there be any contumacy or transgression in the people or individuals, let your sermons be of such a character as shall move your audience, and prick the evil conscience, for  the words of the wise are as goads.  01-13 13. Ib.xii.11. The Lord Jesus too pricked Saul, when he was a persecutor. And think how salutary the goad was which from a persecutor made him an Apostle, by simply saying,  It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.  01-14 14. Acts ix. 5.

6. There are discourses too like milk, such as Paul fed the Corinthians with; for they who cannot digest stronger food, must have their infant minds nourished with the juice of milk.  01-15 15. 1 Cor. iii. 2.

7. Let your addresses be full of understanding. As Solomon says,  The  ^01-16  lips of the wise are the weapons of the understanding, and in another place,  Let your lips be bound up with sense,  01-17 17. Prov. xv. 7. that is, let your discourses be clear and bright, let them flash with intelligence like lightning: let not your address or arguments stand in need of enforcement from without, but let your discourse defend itself, so to speak, with its own weapons, and let no vain or unmeaning word issue out of your mouth. For there is a bandage to bind up the wounds of the soul, and if any one cast it aside, he shews that his recovery is desperate. Wherefore to those who are afflicted with a grievous ulcer administer the oil of your discourse to soften the hardness of their heart, apply an emollient, bind on the ligature of salutary precepts; beware lest by any means you suffer men who are unstable and vacillating in faith or in the observance of discipline, to perish with minds unbraced and vigour relaxed.

8. Wherefore admonish and entreat the people of God that they abound in good works, that they renounce iniquity, that they kindle not the fires of lust, (I say not on the Sabbath only, but never,) lest they set on fire their own bodies; that there be no fornication or uncleanness in the servants of God,  01-18 18. Eph. v. 3. for we serve the immaculate Son of God. Let every man know himself, and possess his own vessel,  01-19 19. 1 Thess. iv. 4. that, having, so to say, broken up the fallow ground of his body, he may expect fruit in due season, and it may not  bring forth thorns and thistles,  01-20 20. Gen. iii. 18. but he too may say,  Our land hath given her increase;  01-21 21. Ps.lxxxv. 13. and on this once wild thicket of the passions a graft of virtue may flourish.

9. Teach moreover and train the people to do what is good and that no one fail to perform works which shall be approved, whether he be seen of many, or be without witness, for the conscience is a witness abundantly sufficient unto itself.

10. And let them avoid shameful deeds, even though they believe they cannot be detected. For though a man be shut up within walls, and covered with darkness, without witness and without accomplice, still he has a Judge of his acts, Whom nothing ever deceives, and to Whom all things cry aloud. To Him the voice of  blood cried from the ground.  01-22 22. Gen. iv. 10. Every man has in himself and his own conscience a strict judge, an avenger of his wickedness and of his crimes. Cain wandered about in fear and trembling, suffering the punishment of his unnatural deed; so that death was to him a refuge, relieving the wandering outcast from that terror of death which he felt at every moment. Let no man then either alone or in company commit any shameful or wicked act. Though he be alone, let him be abashed before himself more than before others, for to himself is his greatest reverence due.

11. Nor let him covet many things, for even few things are to him as many; for poverty and wealth are words implying want and sufficiency. He is not rich who needs any thing, nor he poor who needs not. And let no man despise a widow, circumvent a ward, defraud his neighbour.  Woe unto him, whose substance has been collected by guile, and  who buildeth a town, that is his own soul,  with blood.  01-23 23. Hab. ii. 9-12. For this it is, which  is built as a city;  01-24 24. Ps. cxxii. 3. and this city avarice builds not but destroys, lust builds not but sets on fire and consumes. Wouldest thou build this city well?  Better is little with the fear of the Lord, than great treasure without that fear.  01-25 25. Prov. xv. 16. A man's riches ought to avail to the ransom of his soul, not to its destruction. And a treasure is a ransom, if a man use it well; on the other hand it is a snare, if a man know not how to use it. What is a man's money to him but a provision for his journey? Much is a burthen, a little is useful. We are wayfarers in this life; many walk, but it is needful that we walk aright, for then is the Lord Jesus with us, as we read,  When thou passest through the waters I will be with thee, and through  the rivers, they shall not overflow thee; when thou walkest through the fire thou shalt not be burned.  01-26 26. Isa. xliii. 2. But if a man take fire in his bosom, the fire of lust, the fire of immoderate desire he  walketh not through,  01-27 27. Prov. vi. 27. but burns this clothing of his soul.  A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favour than silver and gold!  01-28 28. Ib. xxii. 1. Faith is sufficient for itself, and in its own possession is rich enough. And to the wise man nothing is foreign, but what is contrary to virtue; wherever he goes, he finds all things to be his own. All the world is his possession, for he uses it all as if it were his own.

12. Why then is our brother circumvented, why is our hired servant defrauded? Little it is said, is gained by the wages of an harlot, that is to say, of frailty so delusive.  01-29 29. Prov. vi. 2:5. (not quoted ad verbum). This harlot is not an individual, but something general; not one woman, but every idle lust. All perfidy, all deceit is this harlot; not she alone who offers her body to defilement; but every soul that barters away its hope, and seeks a dishonourable profit, and an unworthy reward. And we are hired servants, in that we labour for hire, and look for the reward of this our work from our Lord and God. If any one would know how we are hired servants, let him listen to the words,  How many hired servants of my father have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger,  01-30 30. S. Luke xv. 17. and again,  Make me as one of thy hired servants.  01-31 31. v. 19. All are hired servants, all are labourers; and let him, who looks for the reward of his labour, remember that if he defraud another of the wages due to him, he also will be defrauded of his own. Such conduct offends Him Who has lent to us, and He will repay it hereafter in more abundant measure. He therefore who could not lose what is eternal, let him not deprive others of what is temporal.

13. And let no one speak deceitfully with his neighbour.  There is a snare in our mouths,  01-32 32. Prov. vi. 2. and not seldom is it that  a man is entangled rather than cleared  by his words. The mouth of the evil-minded is a deep pit:  01-33 33. Ib. xxii. 14 Sept. Ib. xiv. 15. great is the fall of innocence, but greater that of iniquity. The simple, by giving too easy credit, quickly falls, but when fallen he rises again; but the evil-speaker is so cast down by his own acts that he never can recover himself and escape. Therefore let every man weigh his words, not with deceit and guile, for  a false balance is abomination to the Lord.  01-34 34. Prov. xi. 1. I do not mean that balance which weighs the wares of others, (though even in lesser matters deceit often costs dear,) but that balance of words is hateful to the Lord, which wears the mask of the weight of sober gravity, and yet practises the artifices of cunning. Great is God's anger, if a man deceive his neighbour by flattering promises, and by treacherous subtlety oppress his debtor, a craft which will not benefit himself. For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the riches of the whole world, and yet defraud his own soul of the wages of eternal life?  01-35 35. S. Matt. xvi. 26.

14. There is another balance which pious minds ought to consider, wherein the actions of individuals are weighed, and wherein for the most part sin inclines the scale towards judgement, or outweighs good deeds with crimes. Woe unto me, if my offences  go before,  01-36 36. 1 Tim. v. 24. and with a fatal weight incline to the judgement of death! More terrible will it be if  they follow after, though they all be manifest to God, even before judgement; neither can things good be secret, nor things full of scandal be concealed.

15. How blessed is he who can extirpate avarice, the root of all evil! he truly need not fear this balance. For avarice is wont to deaden man's senses, and pervert his judgement, so that he counts godliness a source of gain, and money the reward of prudence.  01-37 37. Ib. vi. 10. But great is the reward of piety, and the gain of sobriety to have enough for use. For what do superfluous riches profit in this world, when you find in them neither a succour in birth nor a defence against death? For without a covering are we born into the world, without provision we depart hence, and in the grave we have no inheritance.

16. The deserts of each one of us are suspended in the balance, which a little weight either of good works or of degenerate conduct sways this way or that; if the evil preponderate, woe is me! if the good, pardon is at hand. For no man is free from sin; but where good preponderates, the evil flies up, is overshadowed, and covered. Wherefore in the Day of judgement our works will either succour us, or will sink us into the deep, weighed down as with a millstone. For iniquity is heavy, supported as by a  talent of lead;  01-38 38. Zech. v. 7. avarice is intolerable, and all pride is foul dishonesty. Wherefore exhort the people of God to trust rather in the Lord, to abound in the riches of simplicity, wherein they may walk without snare and without hindrance.

17. For the sincerity of a pure speech is good, and rich in the sight of God, although it walk among snares; yet, because it is innocent of laying wait or enthralling others, it escapes itself.

18. A great thing too it is if you can persuade them to know how to be abased, to know the true garb and nature of humility. Many possess the shew of humility, but not its power; many possess it abroad, but oppose it at home; colourably they pretend it, but in truth they renounce it, in regard of grace they deny it. For  there is one that humbleth himself wickedly and his inward parts are full of deceit. And there is one that submitteth himself exceedingly with a great lowliness.   01-39 39. Ecclus. xix. 23, 24. Vulg. There is no true humility then but such as is without colour and pretence. Such humility is that which hath a pious sincerity of mind. Great is its virtue. Finally  by one man's disobedience death entered,  01-40 40. Rom. v. 19. and by the obedience of our Lord Jesus Christ came the redemption of all.

19. Holy Joseph knew how to be abased, who, when he was sold into bondage by his brethren, and purchased by merchants,  whose feet as the Scripture saith,  'they hurt in the stocks'  01-41 41. Ps. cv. 18. learned the virtue of humility and laid aside all weakness. For when he was bought by the royal servant, officer of the household, the memory of his noble descent as one of the seed of Abraham did not cause him to disdain servile offices or scorn his mean condition. On the contrary he was diligent and faithful in his master's service, knowing in his prudence that it matters not in what station a man renders himself approved, but that the object of good men is to merit approbation in whatever station they are placed; and the point of importance is that their character should dignify their station rather than their station their character. In proportion as the station is low the merit becomes illustrious. And such attention did Joseph exhibit that his lord entrusted to him his whole house, and committed to him all that he had.

20. And so his wife cast her eyes upon Joseph, captivated by the beauty of his form. Now we are not in fault, if either our age or our beauty becomes an object of desire to wanton eyes; let it be artless, and no blame attaches to beauty; if enticement be away, seemliness and grace of form is innocent. But this woman, fired with love, addresses the youth, and at the instigation of lust, overpowered by the force of passion confesses her crime. But he rejects the crime, saying that to defile another man's bed was consonant neither with the customs nor the laws of the Hebrews, whose care it was to protect modesty, and to provide chaste spouses for chaste virgins, avoiding all unlawful intercourse, And that it were an impious deed for him, intoxicated by impure passion, and regardless of his master's kindness, to inflict a deadly injury on one to whom he owed obedience.

21. Nor did he disdain to call the despised Egyptian his master, and to confess himself his servant. And when the woman courted him, urging him by the fear of betrayal, or shedding passionate tears to force his compliance, neither was he moved by compassion to consent to iniquity, nor constrained by fear, but he resisted her entreaties and yielded not to her threats, preferring a perilous virtue to rewards, and chastity to a disgraceful recompense. Again she assailed him with greater temptations, yet she found him inflexible, yea for the second time immoveable; yet her furious and shameless passion gave her strength, and she caught the youth by his robe and drew him to her couch, offering to embrace him, nay, she would have done so, had not Joseph put off his robe; he put it off, that he might not put off the robe of humility, the covering of modesty.

22. He then knew how to be abased, for he was degraded even to the dungeon; and thus unjustly treated, he chose rather to bear a false accusation than to bring the true one. He knew how to be abased, I say, for he was abased for virtue's sake. He was abased as a type of Him Who was to abase Himself even to death, the death of the cross, Who was to come to raise our life from sleep, and to teach that our human life is but a dream: its vicissitudes reel past us as it were, with nothing in them firm or stable, but like men in a trance seeing we see not, hearing we hear not, eating we are not filled, congratulating we joy not, running we attain not. Vain are men's hopes in this world, idly pursuing the things that are not as though they were; and so, as in a dream, the empty forms of things come and go, appear and vanish; they hover around us, and we seem to grasp yet grasp them not. But when a man has heard Him that saith  Awake, thou that sleepest,  01-42 42. Eph. v. 14. and rises up from the sleep of this world, then he perceives that all these things are false; he is now awake, and the dream is fled, and with it is fled ambition, and the care of wealth, and beauty of form, and the pursuit of honours. For these things are dreams which affect not those whose hearts wake, but affect only them that slumber.

23. And holy Joseph certifies this my assertion, that the things of this world are not perpetual or lasting, for he, noble by birth and with a rich inheritance, suddenly becomes a despised servant, and (what enhances the bitterness of servitude) a slave bought for a price by an unworthy master. For to serve the free is esteemed less disgraceful, but to be the servant of servants is a double slavery. Thus from being nobly born he became a slave, from having a wealthy father he became poor, from love he fell into hate, from favour into punishment. Again, he is raised from the prison to the court, from the bar to the judgement-seat. But he is neither depressed by adversity nor elated by prosperity.

24. The frequently changing condition of holy David also testifies how fleeting are the vicissitudes of life. He, overlooked by his father, but precious in the sight of God, exalted by his success, thrust down by envy, summoned to the service of the king and chosen to be his son-in-law, then again disguised in face and appearance, banished from the kingdom, flying from death at his own son's hands, weeping for his own offences, atoning for those of others, nobler in winning back the affection of the heir to his throne, than if he had disgraced him. Having thus tried every condition he says well,  It is good for me that I have been humbled.  01-43 43. Ps. cxix. 71.

25. This sentence however might well also be referred to Him Who  being in the form of God, and able to bow the heavens, yet came down, and  taking upon Him the form of a servant, bore our infirmities.  01-44 44. Phil. ii. 6.7. He, foreseeing that His saints would not think it a prize to claim the honour that belonged to them, but would give place to their equals and prefer others to themselves, said,  It  is good for me that I have been humbled; it is good for me that I have subjected myself, that all things  may be subject unto me, and God may be all in all.  01-45 45. 1 Cor. xv. 28. Instil this humility into the minds of all, and shew yourself an example to all saying,  Be ye followers of me, even as I am also of Christ.  01-46 46. Ib. xi. 1.

26. Let them learn to seek the wealth of good wishes, and to be rich in holiness; the beauty of wealth consists not in the possession of money-bags, but in the maintenance of the poor. It is in the sick and needy that riches shine most. Wherefore let the wealthy learn to seek not their own things, but the things of Jesus Christ, that Christ also may seek them, and recompense to them what is their own. He spent for them His blood, He pours forth on them His Spirit, He offers to them His kingdom. What more shall He give, Who gave Himself, or what shall not the Father give, Who delivered up His Only Son to die for our sakes? Admonish them therefore to serve the Lord soberly and with grace, to lift their eyes with all diligence to heaven, to count nothing gain but what appertains to eternal life; for all this worldly gain is the loss of souls. He who desired  to win Christ, suffered the loss of all things,  01-47 47. Phil. iii. 8. which saying, marvellous as it is, falls short of what he had received, for he speaks of external things only, whereas Christ hath said,  If any man will come after Me, let him deny himself;  01-48 48. S. Luke ix. 23. let him lose himself so that Christ be gained. Fleeting are all things here, they bring loss and not gain; that only is gain, where enjoyment is perpetual, where eternal rest is our reward.

27. I commend to your care, my son, the Church which is at Forum Cornelii  01-49 49. c Forum Cornelii was on the Via Aemilia, about 23 miles S.E. of Bononia. It was at this time in the Province Aemilia. The modern name is Imola. ; Being nigh thereunto, visit it frequently until a Bishop for it be ordained; I myself, engaged with the approaching season of Lent, cannot go to such a distance.

28. There you will find certain Illyrians imbued with the false doctrines of Arius; take heed of their tares, let them not come near the faithful, nor scatter their spurious seed. Let them remember what their perfidy has brought upon them  01-50 50. d The Benedictine Fathers refer this to the ravages of the Goths after Valens' defeat at Hadrianople A.D. 375. It is on this that they found the date of the letter, but the reference is somewhat vague. , let them be quiet and follow the true faith. Difficult indeed it is for minds imbued with the poison of unbelief to rid themselves of this impiety, for it cleaves to them; and if the fatal venom has grown inveterate in them, you must not readily give them credence. For the very sinews and strength of wisdom lie in not giving credence too readily, especially in the matter of faith, which in men is seldom perfect.

20. Yet if any one, whose frailty is suspected and inclination dubious, desire nevertheless to clear himself of suspicion; suffer him to believe that he has made satisfaction, show him some indulgence, for if a man be cut off from reconciliation his mind is estranged. Thus skilful physicians, when they observe what they deem to be well-known diseases, do not apply a remedy, but wait their time, attending upon the sick man, and administering to him such soothing appliance as they can, to the intent that the disease may neither be aggravated by neglect or despair, nor may reject the medicine applied too early, for if an inexperienced physician touch it prematurely, it will never come to a head, just as even an apple, if shaken from the tree while yet unripe, soon withers.

30. Enjoin them too (as I have borrowed a figure from agriculture) to preserve inviolate the laws of common boundary, and to guard those paternal landmarks which the law protects.  01-51 51. Deut. xix. 14. The affection of a neighbour often exceeds the love of a brother, for the one is often afar off, the other nigh at hand; the witness of your whole life, and judge of your conduct. Allow his cattle to stray at large over the neighbouring bounds, and to rest securely on the green herbage.

31. Let the master too temper with moderation his lawful rule over his servants, seeing that in soul they are brethren. For he is called the father of the family, that he may govern them as sons; for he himself also is God's servant, and calls the Lord of heaven, the Source of all power, his Father.

Farewell; continue to love me, as I do you.

EPISTOLA II.

CONSTANTIUM  in episcopum nuper electum monet, ut ecclesiam in mari ac fluminibus regat, quid utroque significetur, promens. Hortatur ut aquas, queis populi mentes riget, colligat: et cujusmodi sermones   0879B   ejus esse, quasve illum praecipere virtutes oporteat, ubi docuit, de statera, qua sermo   expendatur, tractat. Humilitatis ostensurus utilitatem, exemplum affert beati Joseph; praesentiumque vanitate, ejusdem Joseph ac David historiis demonstrata, populos ad veras opes sibi parandas excitandos tradit, Denique Ecclesiam Fori Cornelii ei commendans, de prudentia in haereticos, de justitia in vicinos, deque humanitate in servos nonnihil addit. 

AMBROSIUS CONSTANTIO.

1. Suscepisti munus sacerdotii, et in puppe Ecclesiae sedens, navim adversus fluctus gubernas. Tene clavum fidei, ut te graves hujus saeculi turbare non possint procellae. Mare 755 quidem magnum et  0879C spatiosum, sed noli vereri; quia  ipse super maria fundavit eam, et super flumina praeparavit eam (Ps. XXIII, 2). Itaque non immerito inter tot mundi freta Ecclesia Domini tamquam supra apostolicam aedificata petram immobilis manet, et inconcusso adversum impetus saevientis sali perseverat fundamine (Matth. XVI, 18). Alluitur undis, non quatitur: et licet frequenter elementa mundi hujus magno illisa resultent fragore; habet tamen quo laborantes excipiat, tutissimum portum salutis.

2. Sed tamen etsi in mari fluctuat, currit in fluminibus; et vide ne in illis fluminibus magis, de quibus dictum est:  Elevaverunt flumina vocem suam (Psal. XCII, 3). Sunt enim flumina, quae de ventre ejus fluent, qui potum a Christo acceperit, et de Spiritu Dei sumpserit (Joan. VII, 38). Haec ergo  0879D flumina, cum redundant spiritali gratia, elevant vocem  0880A suam. Est et fluvius qui decurrit in sanctos suos sicut torrens (Esai. LXVI, 12). Est et fluminis impetus, qui laetificat animam pacificam atque tranquillam (Psal. XLV, 5). Ex hujus fluminis plenitudine quicumque acceperit, sicut Joannes Evangelista, sicut Petrus et Paulus, elevat vocem suam: et sicut apostoli evangelicae praedicationis vocem usque in totos fines orbis terrarum canoro diffuderunt praeconio; ita et iste incipit evangelizare Dominum Jesum. Accipe ergo a Christo, ut et tuus sonus exeat.

3. Mare est Scriptura divina, habens in se sensus profundos, et altitudinem propheticorum aenigmatum: in quod mare plurima introierunt flumina. Sunt ergo et fluvii dulces atque perspicui, sunt et fontes nivei, qui saliant in vitam aeternam (Joan. IV,  0880B 14): sunt et sermones boni, sicut favi mellis (Prov. XVI, 24): et gratae sententiae, quae animos audientium spiritali quodam potu irrigent, et praeceptorum moralium suavitate mulceant. Diversa igitur Scripturarum divinarum fluenta. Habes quod primum bibas, habes quod secundum, habes quod postremum.

4. Collige aquam Christi, illam quae laudat Dominum (Psal. CXLVIII, 5). Collige aquam de pluribus locis, quam effundunt nubes propheticae (Eccl. XI, 3). Quicumque colligit de montibus aquam, atque ad se trahit, vel haurit e fontibus et ipse rorat sicut nubes. Imple ergo gremium mentis tuae; ut terra tua humescat, et domesticis irrigetur fontibus. Ergo qui multa legit et intelligit, impletur: qui fuerit impletus, alios rigat; ideoque Scriptura dicit:  Si impletae   0880C   fuerint nubes, pluviam in terram effundent (Ibid.).

5. Sint ergo sermones tui proflui, sint puri, et dilucidi; ut morali disputatione suavitatem infundas populorum auribus, et gratia verborum tuorum plebem demulceas; ut volens quo ducis, sequatur. Quod si aliqua vel in populo vel in aliquibus contumacia, vel culpa est, sint sermones tui hujusmodi, ut audientem stimulent, compungant male conscium:  Sermones enim sapientium tamquam stimuli (Eccl. XII, 11). Stimulavit et Dominus Jesus Saulum, cum esset persecutor. Quam salutaris fuerit stimulus, considera, qui ex persecutore apostolum fecit, dicendo:  Durum 756  est tibi, ut adversus stimulum calces (Act. IX, 5).

6. Sunt etiam sermones sicut lac, quos infudit  0880D Paulus Corinthiis (I Cor. III, 2); qui enim fortiorem  0881A cibum epulari non queunt, succo lactis ingenii sui exercent infantiam.

7. Alloquia tua plena intellectus sint. Unde et Salomon ait:  Arma intellectus labia sapientis (Prov. XIV, 3); et alibi:  Labia tua   alligata sint sensu (Prov. XV, 5), id est, fulgeat sermonum tuorum manifestatio, intellectus coruscet, et alloquium tuum atque tractatus aliena non indigeat assertione: sed sermo tuus velut armis suis sese ipse tueatur, nec ullum verbum tuum in vanum exeat, et sine sensu prodeat. Est enim alligatura, quae constringere solet animorum vulnera: quam si quis rejicit, desperatam sui prodit salutem (Esai. I, 6). Et ideo circa eos qui gravi ulcere vexantur, utere oleo sermonis, quo foveas mentis duritiam: appone malagma, adjunge  0881B alligaturam salutaris praecepti; ut vagos et fluctuantes circa fidem, vel disciplinae observantiam nequaquam soluto animo et remisso vigore patiaris perire.

8. Admone igitur plebem Domini, atque obsecra, ut abundet in operibus bonis, renuntiet flagitiis, non accendat flammarum incendia, non dicam in sabbato, sed in omni tempore; ne comburat corpus suum: fornicatio et immunditia non sit in Dei servulis; quia immaculato servimus Dei Filio (Ephes. V, 3). Noverit unusquisque se, et vas possideat suum (I Thes. IV, 4), quo subacto quodam sui corporis solo, fructus exspectet debitos, nec spinas et tribulos ei terra sua germinet (Gen. III, 18), sed dicat et ipse:  Terra dedit fructus suos (Psal. LXXXIV, 13);  0881C atque in hac dumosa quondam passionum fragilitate insitiva virtutum effloreant.

9. Edoce etiam atque institue, ut faciant quod bonum est, et unusquisque non intermittat opus probabile, sive a pluribus videatur, sive sine arbitro sit; abundat enim sibi locuples testis conscientia.

10. Fugiat etiam mala opprobria; etiamsi se credat non posse convinci. Nam etsi clausus parietibus sit, et opertus tenebris, sine teste, sine conscio; habet tamen facti arbitrum, quem nihil fallat, ad quem facta clamant omnia. Denique clamavit et vox sanguinis (Gen. IV, 10). Se ipsum unusquisque et animum suum severum judicem sui, ultorem sceleris, et vindicem criminis habet. Denique timens et tremens oberrabat Cain (Ibid., 14), parricidialis  0881D facinoris luens poenas; ut ei remedio sua mors fuerit, quae vagum exsulem formidato per omnia momenta terrore mortis, per mortem exuit. Nemo igitur vel solus, vel cum altero aliquid turpe aut improbum faxit. Et si quis solus est, seipsum prae caeteris erubescat, quem maxime debet vereri.

11. Nec concupiscat plurima, quia et pauca ei plurima sunt; paupertas enim et opes inopiae et satietatis vocabula sunt. Nec dives est, qui indiget aliquo: nec pauper, qui non indiget. Nec quisquam  0882A viduam spernat, circumscribat pupillum, fraudet proximum suum. Vae enim illi, qui congregatam dolo habet substantiam, et in sanguine aedificat civitatem (Hab. II, 6), id est, 757 animam suam! Haec est enim, quae aedificatur sicut civitas (Psal. CXXI, 3). Hanc civitatem non aedificat avaritia, sed destruit: non aedificat libido, sed exurit atque incendit. Vis bene aedificare civitatem?  Melius est exiguum cum Dei timore, quam thesauri magni sine timore (Prov. XV, 16). Divitiae hominis ad redemptionem animae debent proficere, non ad destructionem. Et thesaurus redemptio est, si quis eo bene utatur: et iterum laqueus est, si quis uti nesciat (Prov. XIII, 8). Quid enim homini pecunia sua, nisi quoddam viaticum est? Multa oneri, moderata usui, Viatores sumus  0882B vitae hujus: multi ambulant, sed opus est, ut quis bene transeat; cum illo enim est Dominus Jesus, qui bene transit. Ideoque legis:  Si transeas per aquam, tecum sum; flumina te non concludent, nec ignis exuret vestimenta tua, si transeas (Esai. XLIII, 2). Qui autem ignem alligat in corpore suo, ignem libidinis, ignem immodicae cupiditatis, non transit, sed exurit involucrum istud animae suae (Prov. VI, 27). Praeclarior est bona existimatio quam pecunia, et super omnes argenti acervos bona est gratia. (Prov. XXII, 1). Fides ipsa abundat sibi, satis superque censu suo dives. Sapienti quoque nihil alienum, nisi quod virtuti incongruum: quocumque accesserit, inveniet sua omnia. Totus mundus possessio ejus est; quoniam toto eo quasi suo utitur.

 0882C 12. Quid igitur circumscribitur frater? Quid fraudatur mercenarius? Non magna, inquit (Prov. VI, 26), lucra de mercede meretricis, id est, lubricae istius fragilitatis. Meretrix ista non specialis, sed publica est: non una mulier, sed vaga omnis cupiditas meretrix est. Omnis perfidia, omnis fallacia meretrix, non illa sola, quae corpus prostituit suum; sed omnis anima quae spem suam vendit, quae deformes quaestus et degenerem stipem quaerit. Et nos mercenarii sumus, qui ad mercedem laboramus, et hujus operis nostri mercedem speramus a Domino nostro et Deo. Si quis cognoscere vult quam mercenarii sumus, audiat dicentem:  Quantis panibus mercenarii patris mei abundant? ego autem hic fame pereo (Luc. XV, 17); et infra:  Fac me, inquit,  sicut unum   0882D   mercenariorum tuorum (Ibid., 19). Omnes mercenarii, omnes operarii: qui tamen fructum exspectat laboris, consideret quod is qui alium mercede fraudaverit debita, et ipse fraudabitur sua. Feneratum istud offendit, et postea cumulatiore mensura exsolvet. Ergo qui non vult amittere quod est perpetuum, non eripiat alii, quod temporale est.

13. Nemo etiam in dolo loquatur ad proximum suum. Laqueus est in labiis nostris, et saepe unusquisque sermonibus suis non explicatur, sed involvitur  0883A (Prov. VI, 2). Fovea alta est os malevoli: grande innocentiae praecipitium, sed majus malevolentiae (Prov. XXII, 14). Innocens dum credit facile, cito labitur (Prov. XIV, 15); sed tamen iste lapsus resurgit: maledicus autem suis artibus praecipitatur, unde numquam exsiliat atque evadat. Ponderet ergo unusquisque sermones suos, non cum fraude et dolo:  Statera fallax improbabilis apud Deum (Prov. XI, 1): non illam stateram dico, quae mercem appendit alienam (et in vilibus quidem rebus caro constat fallacia) 758 sed statera verborum ipsa apud Deum est exsecrabilis, quae praetendit pondus gravitatis sobriae, et subnectit versutias fraudulentiae. Hoc maxime condemnat Deus, si decipiat aliquis proximum suum promissorum benignitate, et subdola  0883B iniquitate defeneratum opprimat, nihil sibi profuturus astutiae suae artibus. Quid enim prodest homini, si totius mundi capiat opes, animam autem suam vitae aeternae defraudet stipendio (Matth. XVI, 26)?

14. Alia piis mentibus consideranda statera, qua singulorum facta trutinantur, in qua plerumque ad judicium peccata propendunt, aut bene gesta peccatis praeponderant. Vae mihi, si praecedant flagitia, et ad mortis praejudicium lethali vergant pondere! Tolerabilius si subsequantur omnia tamen manifesta Domino: et ante judicium: nec bona possunt latere, nec ea quae plena sunt offensionis, abscondi (I Tim. V, 24).

15. Quam beatus qui radicem vitiorum resecare  0883C potuerit avaritiam! Is profecto stateram hanc non reformidabit. Avaritia enim plerumque sensus hebetat humanos, et pervertit opiniones (I Tim. VI, 10); ut quaestum pietatem putent, et pecuniam quasi mercedem prudentiae. Merces autem magna pietatis est, et quaestus sobrietatis, habere quod usui est satis. Quid enim in hoc mundo prosunt divitiarum superflua; cum in iis et nulla adjumenta nascendi sint, nec impedimenta moriendi? Nam et sine integumento in hoc mundo nascimur, et sine viatico discedimus, sine haereditate sepelimur.

16. Pendet singulis nostrorum stalera meritorum, atque exiguis vel boni operis, vel degeneris flagitii momentis huc atque illuc saepe inclinatur: si mala vergant, heu me! si bona, praesto est venia. Nemo  0883D enim a peccato immunis: sed ubi propendunt bona, elevantur peccata, obumbrantur, teguntur. Ergo in die judicii aut nostra opitulabuntur nobis opera, aut ipsa nos in profundum, tamquam molari depressos lapide, mergent. Gravis est enim, ut pote talento plumbeo suffulta, iniquitas; intolerabilis avaritia, atque omnis superbia, tetra fraudulentia (Zach. V, 7). Et ideo hortare plebem Domini sperare magis in Domino, abundare in divitiis simplicitatis, in quibus ambulet sine laqueo, sine impedimento (II Cor. VIII, 2).

 0884A 17. Bona etiam puri sermonis sinceritas, et locuples apud Deum, etiam si inter laqueos ambulet; tamen quia alii nescit insidias aut vincula innectere, non alligatur.

18. Illud quoque praecipuum, si persuadeas ut noverint humiliari, sciant verum humilitatis colorem, naturam noverint. Multi habent humilitatis speciem, virtutem non habent: multi eam foris praetendunt, et intus impugnant: ad fucum praeferunt, ad veritatem abjurant, ad gratiam negant:  Est enim  qui nequiter humiliat se, et interiora ejus plena sunt doli (Eccl. XIX, 23). Et est qui se nimium submittit ab humilitate multa. Non est ergo humilitas nisi sine fuco, sine fraude. Ipsa est vera, quae habet piam mentis sinceritatem (Rom. V, 19). Magna virtus ejus.  0884B Denique per inobedientiam 759 unius hominis mors introivit, et per obedientiam unius Domini Jesu Christi facta est universorum redemptio.

19. Scivit humiliari sanctus Joseph, qui cum esset a fratribus in servitutem venditus, vel a negotiatoribus coemptus (Gen. XXXVII, 28), humiliatus in compedibus, ut Scriptura dicit (Psal. CIV, 18), virtutem humilitatis didicit, infirmitatem repudiavit. Itaque (Gen. XXXIX, 1 et seq.) emptus in Aegypti partibus a servo regio, coquorum praeposito, non prosapiae nobilis conscientia, quasi germen Abrahamitarum, dedignatus obsequia vernacula, fastidivit degenerem conditionem: sed magis gnavum se et fidelem herili imperio praebuit, alto intendens consilio nihil interesse in quo statu quis probabilem se  0884C praestaret: sed illum esse finem bonorum, ut in quocumque statu probarentur; illudque praecipuum, si magis mores commendarent statum, quam status mores. Etenim quo status inferior, eo virtus eminentior. Talem itaque se exhibebat, tam sedulum, ut ei dominus suus totam domum suam crederet, ipsi omnia committeret.

20. Unde (Ibid., 7 et seq.) et uxor ejus oculos injecit in eum, capta formae venustate; nihil enim ad nos, si petulantibus oculis aut aetas expetitur, aut pulchritudo. Ars desit, nullum est crimen decoris: illecebra facessat, inoffensa est species, et formae gratia. Itaque percita atque animi furens interpellat juvenem, et cogente libidine, victa passionum stimulis crimen fatetur. Verum ille abjurat  0884D flagitium, dicens nec moribus Hebraeorum convenire, nec legibus, ut alienum violent thorum, quibus cura est tuendi pudoris; ut integri nuptiarum integris socientur virginibus, nec ulli conveniant feminae, quae legitimi usus thori nesciat: religionemque sibi esse, ne ebrius turpis intemperantiae, ingratus herilis indulgentiae; cui obsequium deberet, ei gravem inferret contumeliam.

21. Numquid crubescebat illum vilem dominum tamen dicere, et se servum fateri? Quin etiam cum ambiret mulier, obsecraret etiam metu proditionis,  0885A vel amoris sui lacrymas funderet ad extorquendi necessitatem, nec misericordia flexus ad flagitii consensum, nec coactus metu, et precibus restitit, nec minis cessit, praeponens praemiis periculosam honestatem, quam turpem remunerationem casto pudori. Iterum quoque (Gen. XXXIX, 11 et seq.) mulier majoribus adorsa tentamentis, cum inflexibilem adverteret, etiam secunda vice immobilem, passione effera et impudentia vires ministrante, juvenem aggreditur, veste apprehensa ad cubile trahens, complexum offerens: et pene ceperat, nisi exuisset Joseph vestem, qua tenebatur; ne exueret amictum humilitatis, indumentum pudoris.

22. Scivit igitur humiliari, qui humiliatus est usque ad carcerem; et cum sustineret calumniam,  0885B maluit crimen falsum subire, quam verum referre. Scivit, inquam, humiliari, quia humiliabatur pro virtute. Humiliabatur in typo ejus, qui se erat humiliaturus usque ad mortem, mortem autem crucis: qui venturus erat, ut vitam hanc de somno resuscitaret; et somnium 760 esse hunc vivendi usum doceret, in quo diversae commutationum vices tamquam ebriae, et nihil solidum, nihil firmum, tamquam dormientis somnium videntes non videmus, et audientes non audimus, et manducantes non satiamur, gratulantes non gratulamur, currentes non pervenimus. Vanae spes hominum in hoc saeculo, qui ea quae non sunt, tamquam quae sint, sequenda arbitrentur. Itaque inanes et vacuae rerum species tamquam in somnio venerunt, abierunt: astiterunt, evanuerunt.  0885C Circumfusae et dispersae sunt, teneri videntur, et non tenentur. Denique ubi quis audivit dicentem:  Surge qui dormis (Ephes. V, 11), et de saeculi istius somno exsurrexit, falsa haec intellexit omnia: evigilavit, et fugit somnium, fugit potestas, abiit cura patrimonii, formae venustas, honorum studium. Haec enim somnia sunt, quibus non moventur, qui vigilant corde: sed dormientes exagitantur.

23. Vadatur hunc sermonem meum sanctus Joseph, non esse perpetua nec diuturna, quae sunt hujus saeculi, qui ab initio nobilis genere, censu dives, subito ignobilis servulus est, et (quod ipsam servitii vilitatem acerbat) degeneris domini aere emptum mancipium. Minus enim vile putatur servire libero: geminatur autem servitus ubi servitur vernaculis. Servus  0885D igitur ex genere praeclaro, pauper ex patre divite, de amore ad odium, de gratia ad supplicium: rursus de carcere ad aulam, de reatu ad judicium traductus; neque adversis fractus est, neque elevatus secundis (Gen. XLI, 39 et seq.).

 0886A 24. Astipulatur etiam momentarias esse vices rerum etiam sancti David frequenter variatus status, qui despectus patri, pretiosus Deo; triumpho nobilis, invidia vilis (I Reg. XVI, 11 et seq.), accitus ad ministerium regium, electus ad affinitatem (I Reg. XVIII, 2 et seq.), postremo faciem et ora mutatus, exsul regni, fugitans parricidii, nunc sua offendicula deplorabat, et rursus aliena removebat, conciliato haerede nobilior, quam decolorato (II Reg. XII, 1 et seq.) Expertus igitur omnia, pulchre dixit:  Bonum mihi quod humiliatus sum (Psal. CXVIII, 71).

25. Quamquam hoc et ad eum possit referri, qui cum esset in Dei forma, facilis inclinare coelos; descendit tamen, et formam servi accipiens nostras portavit infirmitates (Phil. II, 6): qui praevidens sanctos  0886B suos, non quasi rapinam sibi proprium honorem assumere; sed subjicere se aequalibus, et alios sibi anteferre, dixit:  Bonum mihi est quod humiliatus sum. Bonum mihi est quod me subjeci; ut subjecta mihi sint omnia, et sit Deus omnia et in omnibus (I Cor. XV, 27, 28). Hanc infunde humilitatem singulorum animis, et te ipsum formam praebe omnibus, dicens:  Imitatores mei estote, sicut et ego Christi (I Cor. XI, 1).

26. Discant bonorum operum divitias quaerere, et morum esse locupletes. Pulchritudo divitiarum non in sacculis divitum, sed in alimentis pauperum est. In illis infirmis et egenis melius opes lucent. Discant itaque pecuniosi non sua, sed ea quae sunt Christi, quaerere; ut illos et Christus requirat, ut illis sua  0886C largiatur. Impendit pro illis sanguinem suum (Rom. VIII, 32), effundit illis 761 Spiritum suum, offert illis regnum suum. Quid amplius dabit, qui se ipsum obtulit? Aut quid est quod non sit daturus Pater, qui pro nobis unicum Filium tradidit morti? Admone igitur illos servire Domino in sobrietate et gratia, tota mentis sedulitate erigere oculos ad coelestia, nihil ponere in lucro, nisi quod vitae aeternae sit; nam iste omnis hujus quaestus saeculi animarum dispendium est. Denique omnium detrimentum passus est (Phil. III, 8), qui volebat Christum lucrari: quod etsi mirabiliter dixerit, minus tamen expressit, quam acceperat. Hic enim de alienis locutus est, Christus autem dixit:  Qui vult post me venire, abneget seipsum sibi (Luc. IX, 23); ut ipse  0886D suum detrimentum sit, quo fiat lucrum Christi. Caduca haec omnia, cum damno, sine lucro: illud solum est lucrum, ubi fructus perpetuus, ubi aeternae merces quietis.

27. Commendo tibi, fili, Ecclesiam, quae est ad  0887A Forum Cornelii, quo eam de proximo intervisas frequentius, donec ei ordinetur episcopus. Occupatus diebus ingruentibus quadragesimae, tam longe non possum excurrere.

28. Habes illic Illyrios de mala doctrina Arianorum, cave eorum zizania: non appropinquent fidelibus, non serpant adulterina semina: advertant quid propter suam perfidiam acciderit sibi, quiescant, ut veram fidem sequantur. Difficile quidem imbuti animi infidelitatis venenis abolere possunt impietatis suae glutinum; si tamen in iis virus infaustum inoleverit, nec facile iis credendum putes. Nervi enim sunt, et quidam artus sapientiae, non temere credere, maxime in causa fidei, quae raro perfecta est in hominibus.

 0887B 29. Tamen si quis est, qui licet suspectae sit infirmitatis, et nutantis affectus, purgare habitam de se opinionem velit, permitte ut satisfecisse se putet, indulge aliquantulum; cujus enim excluditur satisfactio, avertitur animus. Nam etiam medendi periti cum vident notas aegritudines, ut ipsi appellant, medicinam quidem non adhibent; sed tamen medicinae tempus exspectant: nec deserunt invalidum, sed lenioribus verbis, aut quibus possunt, palpant delinimentis; ne aut intermissa aegritudo desperatione animi gravescat, aut crudior medicinam 762 respuat: eo quod ad maturitatem pervenire nequeat, si indigestae insolens rerum hujusmodi medicus adhibeat manus. Siquidem et pomum cum immaturum exagitatur, cito deperit.

 0887C 30. Et quia de agro exemplum sumpsimus, praecipe illis inviolata confinii servare jura, paternos custodire terminos, quos Lex tuetur. Supra fraternam charitatem frequenter est vicini gratia (Deut. XIX, 14); ille enim saepe longe, hic in proximo est, vitae omnis testis, conversationis arbiter. Delectet eum per finitima spatia laxari liberum pecus, et in herba viridi projectum secura captare otia.

31. Servos quoque dominus jure servitii subditos  0888A habeat pro moderamine coercitionis, quasi animae consortes. Paterfamilias enim dicitur, ut quasi filios regat; quoniam et ipse Dei servus est, et patrem appellat Dominum coeli, moderatorem potestatum omnium. Vale et nos dilige, ut facis; quia nos te diligimus.