THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL OF AQUILEIA AGAINST THE HERETICS PALLADIUS AND SECUNDIANUS.  [A.D.381.]

THE official Record of the Proceeding's of this Council seems to be inserted among S. Ambrose's Letters, partly because S. Ambrose took the leading part in them, and partly because they form the subject of the next series of letters, directly of the four first, and more indirectly of the two next, all of which, though written in the name of the Bishops of Italy, we may presume to have been S. Ambrose's composition. The Council was held in the year 381 A.D., the same year in which the Second General Council was held at Constantinople. It will be remembered that that Council, being summoned by Theodosius, then Emperor of the East, consisted of Eastern Bishops only. At this time Arianism, though rife in the East, seems not to have been prevalent in the West. S. Ambrose says, (Letter xi. 1) 'as regards the West, two individuals only have been found to dare to oppose the Council with profane and impious words, men who had previously disturbed a mere corner of Dacia Ripensis.' These two men were Palladius and Secundianus. Palladius appears to have applied to Gratian to call a General Council, on the plea that he was falsely accused of Arianism, in 379 A.D. Gratian granted his request, but afterwards, as we learn from his letter read at the Council, on the representation of S. Ambrose that such a question as the soundness or heresy of two Bishops might be settled by a Council of the Bishops of the Diocese of Italy, he so far altered his original order as to summon only these, giving permission for others to attend if they pleased. This reconsideration, and perhaps also the troubles that prevailed in the Empire at the time, (Tillemont Vie de S. Ambr. ch. xxiii.) caused such delay that it was not till towards the end of 381 A.D. that the Council assembled under the presidency of S. Valerian Bishop of Aquileia. The Bishops of Italy, with deputies from Gaul, Africa, and Illyria, to the number of thirty two or thirty three (see note r) met at Aquileia at the beginning of September. The discussion recorded in the 'Gesta' took place probably on Septr. 3rd (see note a) but S. Ambrose's words in § 2 imply that previous discussions had been held of which no Record had been taken, (diu citra acta tractavimus.)

The proceedings commence by the reading of the Emperor's Mandate. Palladius then raises objections on the ground of the absence of the Bishops from the East, and charges S. Ambrose with having tricked the Emperor into summoning only a small Council, and declines to take part in a Council which is not General. After some discussion on this point S. Ambrose proposes that Arius' letter from Nicomedia to S. Alexander should be read in detail, and Palladius called upon to condemn each heretical proposition. Palladius argues upon each, but eventually returns to his refusal to answer except in a General Council. In the end all the Bishops pronounce their decisions one by one, all agreeing that Palladius' doctrine was heretical and that he should be deposed. Secundianus is then more briefly dealt with in the same way. It would seem that the Record is incomplete, as the number of Bishops who give their decision is only 25, and the account of Secundianus' case ends abruptly without recording any decision. It may he from the same cause that the Record itself is in one or two places seemingly defective, and the sense confused.

Secundianus is not mentioned again in History. Of Palladius it is said by Vigilius, Bishop of Thapsus in Africa, who lived in the latter part of the 5th Century, that after S. Ambrose's death he wrote a reply to his writings against Arianism, which Vigilius himself answered (Tillemont Vie de S. Ambr. xxvi).

The genuineness of the Gesta has been disputed by Père Chifflet, who maintained that they were a forgery of the Vigilius mentioned above: his arguments however are satisfactorily refuted by Tillemont in an elaborate note. (Vol. x. p. 738. note 15. on S. Ambr. Life.)

1. IN the consulship of the illustrious S  YAGRIUS and E  UCHERIUS , on the 3rd day of September  01-120 120. a There can be little doubt that the true date is iii. Non. Sept. i. e. the 8rd of Sept., and not Nonis, the 5th. For in 381 A. D. the 5th of Sept. was on a Sunday, and it is hardly likely that a Council would have sat from daybreak till one o' clock (Ep. 10. 5) in the Church on such a day, and moreover it would not have been natural for Palladius to say, as he does in § 47. Non respondebo nisi auditores veniant post Dominicam diem, if he were speaking on a Sunday. , the undermentioned Bishops  01-121 121. b The reading of Ed. Rom. has been adopted, which omits the preposition 'cum.' If this were correct, it would imply that the consuls were themselves taking a leading part in the Council; whereas it is clear that they are mentioned solely as the ordinary way of fixing the year; nor had the consuls at this time any other than such ornamental functions. See Gibbon's description, ch. xvii. vol. ii. ed Smith p. 206-208. , sitting in council in the church at Aquileia, namely, V  ALERIAN , Bishop of Aquileia, A  MBROSE , E  USEBIUS , L  IMENIUS , A  NEMIUS , S  ABINUS , A  BUNDANTIUS , A  RTEMIUS , C  ONSTANTIUS , J  USTUS , P  HILASTER , C  ONSTANTIUS , T  HEODORUS , A  LMACHIUS , D  OMNINUS , A  MANTIUS , M  AXIMUS , F  ELIX , B  ASSIANUS , N  UMIDIUS , J  ANUARIUS , P  ROCULUS , H  ELIODORUS , J  OVINUS , F  ELIX , E  XUPERANTIUS , D  IOGENES , M  AXIMUS , M  ACEDONIUS , C  ASSIANUS , M  ARCELLUS , and E  USTATHIUS , Bishops: Ambrose, Bishop, said;

2. ' We have long been dealing with the matter without any Records  01-122 122. c By 'acta' here are meant formal and official records taken down and published by authority. Thus Jul. Caesar ordered the 'Acta' of the Senate to be regularly published. Suet. Caes. 20. , and now, since our ears are assailed with such sacrilegious words on the part of Palladius and Secundianus, that one can scarce believe that they could have so openly blasphemed, and that they may not attempt hereafter by any subtlety to deny their own words, though the testimony of such eminent Bishops does not admit of doubt, still as it is the pleasure of all the Bishops, let Records be made, that no one may be able to deny his own profession. Do you therefore, holy men, declare what is your pleasure.'

All the Bishops said, 'It is our pleasure.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said, 'Our discussions must be confirmed by the Emperor's Letter, as the subject requires, so that they may be quoted.'

3. The Letter is read by Sabinianus a Deacon;

"Desirous to make our earliest efforts to prevent dissension among Bishops from uncertainty what doctrines they should reverence, we had ordered the Bishops to come together into the city of Aquileia, out of the diocese  01-123 123. d It is to be remembered that 'diocese' was then a civil and not an Ecclesiastical term. A 'diocesis' was an aggregate of provinces, under the charge of a Vicarius, who was subordinate to one of the four Praefecti Praetorio, each Praefectus having under him a number of dioceses. Thus the Vicarius Italiae, who was subordinate to the Praefectus Praetorio Italiae, had in his diocese fourteen provinces, including' both Liguria of which Milan was the capital, and Venetia in which Aquileia was situated. It is to be remembered also that Italia at this time meant only the north of Italy, the rest of Italy being now included in the Diocese of Rome, and under the Vicarius Urbis Romae. See the table given in Smith's Gibbon, vol. ii. p. 315. taken from Marquardt. When the word diocese came into Ecclesiastical use, it was applied, first to "an aggregate not merely of several districts, governed each by its own bishop, but of several provinces ( ἐπαρχίαι) each presided over by a metropolitan. The diocese itself was under an Exarch or Patriarch." Dict. of Chr. Ant. sub voc. 'Credita' is here rend for ' creditam,' as required by the order of the words. which has been confided to the merits of your Excellency. For controversies of dubious import could not be better disentangled than by our constituting the Bishops themselves expounders of the dispute that has arisen, so that the same persons from whom come forth the instructions of doctrine may solve the contradictions of discordant teaching.

4. "Nor is our present order different from our last: we do not alter the tenour of our command, but we correct the superfluous numbers that would have assembled. For as Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, eminent both for the merits of his life and the favour of God, suggests that there is no occasion for numbers in a case in which the truth, though in the hands of a few supporters, would not suffer from many antagonists, and that he and the Bishops of the adjoining cities of Italy would be more than sufficient to meet the assertions of the opposite party, we have judged it right to refrain from troubling venerable men by bringing into strange lands any one who was either loaded with years, or disabled with bodily weakness, or in the slender circumstances of honourable poverty;  01-124 124. e It is not certain to whom the Emperor's letter was addressed. Some have thought that it was addressed to the Pretorian Prefect of Italy. Tillemont maintained that it was addressed to Valerian, Bishop of Aquileia, in whose see the Council was held. The language, though not decisive, seems in favour of the former supposition. In § 7. the Prefect of Italy is spoken of as issuing letters in pursuance of it. etc."

5. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'This is what a Christian Emperor has ordained. He has not thought fit to do an injury to the Bishops: he has constituted the Bishops themselves Judges. And therefore since we sit together in a Council of Bishops, answer to what is proposed to you. Arius's letter has been read: it shall be recited now again, if you think proper. It contains blasphemies from the beginning; it says that the Father alone is eternal. If you think that the Son of God is not everlasting, support this doctrine in what manner you please: if you think it is a doctrine to be condemned, condemn it. Here is the Gospel, and the Apostle  01-125 125. f i. e. a copy of S. Paul's Epistles. : all the Scriptures are at hand. Support it from what quarter you please, if you think that the Son of God is not everlasting.'

6. PALLADIUS said: 'You have contrived, as appears by the sacred document  01-126 126. g i. e. the Emperor's letter. which you have brought forward, that this should not be a full and General Council: in the absence of our Colleagues we cannot answer.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Who are your colleagues?'

Palladius said; 'The Eastern Bishops.'

7. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Inasmuch as in former times the usage of Councils has been that the Eastern Bishops should be appointed to hold them in the East, and the Western Bishops in the West, we, having our place in the West, are come together to the city of Aquileia according to the Emperor's command. Moreover, the Prefect of Italy has issued letters, that if the Eastern Bishops chose to meet, they should be allowed to do so; but inasmuch as they know that the custom is that the Council of the Eastern Bishops should be in the East and of the Western in the West, they have therefore thought fit not to come.'

8. PALLADIUS said; 'Our Emperor Gratian commanded the Eastern Bishops to come: do you deny that he did so? the Emperor himself told us that he had commanded the Eastern Bishops to come.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'He certainly commanded them, in that he did not forbid them to come hither.'

Palladius said; 'But your prayer has prevented their coming: under a pretence of benevolence you have obtained this, and so put the Council off.'

9. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'There is no occasion to wander any longer from the subject: answer now. Did Arius say rightly that the Father alone is eternal? and did he say this in agreement with the Scriptures or not?'

Palladius said; 'I do not answer you.'

Constantius, Bishop, said; ' Do not you answer when you have so long blasphemed?'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'But you are under an obligation to express frankly the faith you claim the right to hold. If a heathen were to ask of you in what way you believe in Christ, you would be bound not to be ashamed to confess.'

10. SABINUS, Bishop, said; 'It was your own request that we would answer: we are come together this day according to your wish, and upon your own solicitation, and we have not waited for our other brethren, who might have come. It is therefore not open to you to wander from the subject. Do you say that Christ was created? or do you say that the Son of God is everlasting?'

Palladius said; ' I have told you already: we said we would come and prove that you have not done well to take advantage of the Emperor.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Let Palladius's letter be read to shew whether he sent us this message, and it will appear that even now he is deceiving.'

Palladius said; 'Let it be read by all means.'

The Bishops said: 'When you saw the Emperor at Sirmium, did you address him, or was it he that pressed you?' And they added: 'What do you answer to this?'

Palladius answered; 'He said to me, "Go." We said: "Are the Eastern Bishops summoned to attend?" He said, "They are." Should we have come if the Eastern Bishops had not been summoned?'

11. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Let the matter of the Eastern Bishops stand over. I enquire at present into your sentiments. Arius's letter has been read to you: you are in the habit of denying that you are an Arian. Either condemn Arius now, or defend him.'

Palladius said; 'It is not within the compass of your authority to ask this of me.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'We do not believe that the religious Emperor said other than he wrote. He has ordered the Bishops to meet: it is impossible that he said to you and no one else contrary to his own letter, that the case was not to be discussed without the presence of the Eastern Bishops.'

Palladius said; 'He did, if the Italian Bishops alone were ordered to assemble.'

Evagrius, Presbyter and deputy, said;  01-127 127. h The text here seems defective, nor is there any thing to guide us to supply the lacuna. What is given in the translation is no more than a guess at the meaning of the sentence. The general connection is however clear enough even if it be omitted. [It is plain] 'that he promised to appear within four and even within two days. What then were you waiting for? was it, as you say, that you considered the opinion of your colleagues, the Eastern Bishops was to be waited for? Then you ought to have said so in your message, and not to have pledged yourself to discussion.'

Palladius said; 'I had come, believing it to be a General Council, but I saw that my colleagues had not assembled. I decided however  01-128 128. i The reading of Ed. Rom. is here adopted, as alone furnishing a reasonable sense. The Benedictine text is unintelligible. to come, in accordance with the summons, to bid you to do nothing to the prejudice of a future Council.'

12. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'You yourself required that we should sit to-day, moreover, even this very day you have said yourself 'we come as Christians to Christians.' You have therefore acknowledged us for Christians. You promised that you would engage in discussion: you promised that you would either assign your own reasons or accept ours. We therefore willingly accepted your opening, we wished that you should come as a Christian. I offered you the letter of Arius, which that Arius wrote, from whose name you say that you often suffer wrong. You say that you do not follow Arius. To-day your sentiments must be made clear; either condemn him, or support him by whatever passage you will.'

He went on; 'Then according to Arius's letter Christ the Son of God is not everlasting?'

Palladius said; 'We said that we would prove ourselves Christians, but in a full Council. We do not answer you at all to the prejudice of a future Council.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'You ought to state your profession of faith straightforwardly.'

Palladius said; 'And what do we reserve for the Council?'

13. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'He has been unanimously condemned who denies the Eternity of the Son of God. Arius denied it, Palladius, who will not condemn Arius, follows him. Consider then, whether his opinion is approved of; it is easy to perceive whether he speaks according to the Scriptures, or against the Scriptures. For we read:  God's eternal Power and Godhead.  01-129 129. Rom. i. 20. Christ is the Power of God. If then the Power of God is everlasting, Christ surely is everlasting; for  Christ is the Power of God'  01-130 130. 1 Cor. i. 8.

Eusebius, Bishop, said; ' This is our faith: this is the Catholic doctrine; who says not this, let him be anathema.' All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

14. EUSEBIUS, Bishop, said; 'He says specifically that the Father alone is everlasting, and that the Son at some time began to be.'

Palladius said; 'I have neither seen Arius, nor do I know who he is.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; ' The blasphemy of Arius has been produced, in which he denies that the Son of God is everlasting. Do you condemn this wickedness and its author, or do you support it?'

Palladius said; 'When there is not the authority of a full Council, I do not speak.'

15. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Do you hesitate after the divine judgements to condemn Arius, when he has  burst asunder in the midst ?'  01-131 131. Acts i. 18. and he added; 'Let the holy men too, the deputies of the Gauls, speak.'

Constantius, Bishop and deputy of the Gauls, said; 'This impiety of that man we always have condemned, and we now condemn not only Arius, but also whoever does not say that the Son of God is everlasting.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'What says also my Lord Justus?'

Justus, Bishop and deputy of the Gauls, said; 'He who does not confess that the Son of God is co-eternal with the Father, let him be accounted Anathema.'

All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

16. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Let the deputies of the Africans speak too, who have brought hither the sentiments of all their countrymen.'

Felix, Bishop and deputy, said; ' If any man denies that the Son of God is everlasting, and that He is co-eternal with the Father, not only do I the deputy of the whole province of Africa condemn him, but also the whole priestly company, which sent me to this most holy assembly, has itself also already condemned him.'

Anemius, Bishop, said; 'There is no capital of Illyricum  ^{01-132 132. j By Illyricum is here meant Illyricum Occidentale, which at this time was under the jurisdiction of the Vicarius Italiae. (See the Table in Smith's Gibbon, referred to in note d. p. 33) Sirmium, which in the following Century was entirely destroyed by the Goths under Attila, was at this time a place of great importance both civil and ecclesiastical. It is spoken of by Justinian as capital of Illyricum both in civil and episcopal matters (Tillemont, note xv on the Life of S. Ambrose vol. x. p. 739). Its ecclesiastical importance is shewn by the contest in which S.Ambrose engaged with Justina, two years before the Council, 379 A.D, to bring about the election of Anemius as Bishop, when the Empress was using all her influence to cause an Arian Bishop to be appointed. Arianism had been rife there for some time, and Germinus a previous Bishop had been one of the leaders of that party. (Tillemont, S. Ambr. ch. xx.) Illyricum had been finally separated into two divisions, Orientale and Occidentale, by Gratian, in 379 A.D, who transferred the Eastern Division to Theodosius when he made him Emperor of the East, from which time it formed part of the Eastern Empire. (Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. v. p. 716.)} but Sirmium: I am its Bishop. The person who does not confess the Son of God to be eternal and co-eternal with the Father, that is, everlasting, I call anathema; and I also say anathema to those who do not make the same confession.'

17. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Hear what follows.' Then it was read; "Alone eternal, alone without beginning, alone true, Who alone has immortality."

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'In this also condemn him who denies that the Son is very God. For since He Himself is the Truth, how is He not very God?' And he added; 'What say you to this?'

Palladius said; 'Who denies that He is very Son?' Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Arius denied it.' Palladius said; ' When the Apostle says that Christ is God over all, can any one deny that He is the very Son of God?'

18. Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'That you may see with how much simplicity we seek the truth, lo, I say as you say: but I have then only half the truth. For by speaking thus, you appear to deny that He is very God; if however you confess simply that the Son of God is very God, state it in the order in which I propose it to you.'

Palladius said; 'I speak to you according to the Scriptures: I call the Lord the very Son of God.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Do you call the Son of God very Lord?'

Palladius said; 'When I call Him very Son, what more is wanted?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'I do not ask only that you should call Him very Son, but that you should call the Son of God very Lord.'

19. EUSEBIUS, Bishop, said; 'Is Christ very God, according to the faith of all and to the Catholic profession?'

Palladius said; 'He is the very Son of God.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'We also are by adoption sons; He is Son according to the property of His Divine Generation.' And he added; 'Do you confess that the very Son of God is very Lord by His Birth and essentially?'

Palladius said; 'I call Him the very Son of God, only-begotten.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Do you then think it is against the Scriptures, for Christ to be called very God?'

20. PALLADIUS being silent, Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'He who says only that he is the very Son of God, and will not say that He is very Lord, appears to deny it. Let Palladius then, if he does confess it, confess it in this order, and let him say whether he calls the Son of God very Lord.'

Palladius said; 'When the Son says,  That they might know Thee the only true God and Jesus Christ Whom Thou hast sent,  01-133 133. S. John xvii. 3. is it by way of feeling only, or in truth?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'John said in his epistle;  This is the true God.  01-134 134. 1 S. John v. 20. Deny this.'

Palladius said; 'When I tell you that He is true Son, I acknowledge also a true Godhead.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'In this also there is evasion; for you art wont to speak of one only and true Godhead in such manner as to say that it is the divinity of the Father only, and not that of the Son also, which is one only and true. If then you wish to speak plainly, as you refer me to the Scriptures, say what the Evangelist John said;  This is the true God, or deny that he hath said it.'

Palladius said; 'Besides the Son there is none other that is begotten.'

21. EUSEBIUS, Bishop, said; 'Is Christ very God, according to the faith of all and to the Catholic profession, or in your opinion is He not very God?'

Palladius said; 'He is the Power of our God.'

Ambrose, Bishop said; 'You do not speak frankly; and so anathema to him who does not confess that the Son of God is very Lord.'

All the Bishops said;  ' Let him be accounted anathema, who will not call Christ, the Son of God, very Lord.'

22. The reader continued; "Alone true, Who alone hath immortality."

Ambrose, Bishop, said; ' Has the Son of God immortality, or has He it not, in respect of His Godhead?'

Palladius said;  ' Do you accept or no the words of the Apostle,  The King of kings Who alone hath immortality?'  01-135 135. 1 Tim. vi. 16.

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'What say you of Christ the Son of God?'

Palladius said; 'Is Christ a divine Name or a human?'

23. EUSEBIUS, Bishop, said; 'He is called Christ indeed according to the mystery of His Incarnation, but He is both God and Man.'

Palladius said; 'Christ is a name of the flesh: Christ is a man's name: do you answer me.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Why do you dwell upon useless topics? When Arms' impious words were read, who says of the Father that He alone hath immortality, you cited a testimony in confirmation of Arius' impiety, quoting from the Apostle,  Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto. But if you understand it, he has expressed by the Name of God the dignity of the whole Nature, inasmuch as in the Name of God, both Father and Son are signified.'

Palladius said; 'You also have not chosen to answer what I have asked.'

24. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'I ask you to give your opinion plainly, has the Son of God immortality according to His divine generation, or has He not?'

Palladius said; 'In respect of His divine generation He is incorruptible; and by means of His Incarnation He died.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'His divinity died not, but His flesh died.'

Palladius said; 'Do you answer me first.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; ' Has the Son of God immortality in respect of His Godhead or has He it not? But have you not even now betrayed your fraudulent and insidious meaning according to Arms' profession?' and he added; 'He who denies that the Son of God has immortality, what think you of him?' All the Bishops said; 'Let him be accounted anathema.'

25. PALLADIUS said; 'A divine offspring is immortal.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'This also have you said evasively, to avoid expressing anything clearly about the Son of God. I say to you, the Son hath immortality in respect of His Godhead, or do you deny it and say that He has not.'

Palladius said; 'Did Christ die or not?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; ' In respect of the flesh He did: our soul does not die: for it is written,  Fear not them who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul;  01-136 136. S. Matt.x. 28. seeing then that our soul cannot die, do you think Christ died in respect of His Godhead?'

Palladius said  ; ' Why do you shrink from the name of death?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Nay, I do not shrink from it, but I confess it in respect of my flesh: for there is One by Whom I arn released from the chains of death.'

Palladius said; 'Death is caused by separation of the spirit (from the flesh), for Christ the Son of God took upon Him flesh, and by means of flesh he died.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'It is written that Christ suffered: He suffered then in respect of His flesh: in respect of His Godhead He has immortality. He who denies this, is a devil.'

Palladius said; 'I know not Arius.'

26. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Then Arius said ill, since the Son of God also has immortality in respect of his Godhead.' And he added, 'Did he then say well or ill?'

Palladius said; 'I do not agree.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'With whom do not you agree? Anathema to him, who does not frankly unfold his faith.'

All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

Palladius said; ' Say what you please; His Godhead is immortal.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Whose? the Father's or the Son  ⁵ s?' And he added: 'Arius heaped together many impieties. But let us pass to other points.'

27. Then was recited; "Alone wise."

Palladius said; 'The Father is wise of himself, but the Son is not wise.'

Ambrose, Bishop said; 'Is then the Son not wise, when He Himself is Wisdom? For we also say that the Son is begotten of the Father.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Is there anything as impious and profane as this which he said, that the Son of God is not wise?'

Palladius said; 'He is called Wisdom, who can deny that he is Wisdom?'

Ambrose, Bishop said; 'Is He wise or not?'

Palladius said; 'He is Wisdom.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Then He is wise, if He is Wisdom.'

Palladius said; 'We answer you according to the Scriptures.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Palladius, as far as I can see, has attempted to deny also that the Son of God is wise.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'He who denies that the Son of God is wise, let him be anathema.'

All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

28. Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Let Secundianus also answer to this.'

Secundianus being silent,

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'He who is silent wishes to reserve his judgement.' And he added, 'When he says that the Father alone is good, did he confess the Son or deny Him?'

Palladius said; ' We read,  I  am the good Shepherd,  01-137 137. S. John x. 11. and do we deny it? Who would not say that the Son of God is good?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Then is Christ good?'

Palladius said; 'He is good.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Arius then was wrong in asserting it of the Father alone, since the Son of God also is a good  01-138 138. k The context requires the reading 'bonus' for 'omnibus,' which is that of one MS. The same MS. also inserts 'Deum' in Eusebius' next speech, which is required by the argument. God.'

Palladius said; 'He who says that Christ is not good, says ill.'

29. EUSEBIUS, Bishop, said;  ' Do you confess that Christ is a good God? For I also am good. He has said to me;  Well done, thou good servant; and,  A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good?  01-139 139. S. Luke xix. 17. Ib.vi.45.

Palladius said; 'I have already said, I do not answer you until there is a full Council.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'The Jews said  He is a good man;  01-140 140. S. John vii. 12. and Arius denies that the Son of God is good.'

Palladius said; 'Who can deny it?'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Then the Son of God is a good God.'

Palladius said; 'The good Father begat a good Son.'

30. AMBROSE, Bishop said; 'We also are begotten of Him and are good, but not in respect of Godhead. Do you call the Son of God a good God?'

Palladius said; 'The Son of God is good.' Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'You see then that you call him a good Christ, a good Son, not a good God; which is what is asked of you.' And he added; 'He who does not confess that the Son of God is a good God, Anathema to him.' All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

31. The reader likewise continued; "Alone mighty." Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Is the Son of God mighty or not?'

Palladius said; 'He Who made all things, is He not mighty? He Who made all things, is He deficient in might?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said: 'Then Arius said ill.' And he added; 'Do you even in this condemn Arius?'

Palladius said; ' How do I know who he is? I answer you for myself.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Is the Son of God the mighty God?'

Palladius said; 'He is mighty.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Is the Son of God the mighty God?'

Palladius said; 'I have already said that the only-begotten Son of God is mighty.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'The mighty Lord.'

Palladius said; 'The mighty Son of God.'

32. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Men also are mighty; for it is written,  Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, thou mighty man?  01-141 141. Ps. lii. 1. and in another place,  When I am weak, then am I strong.  01-142 142. 2 Cor. xii. 10. I ask you to confess that Christ the Son of God is the mighty Lord; or if you deny it, support your denial. For I speak of one Power of the Father and of the Son, and I call the Son of God mighty in the same way as the Father. Do you hesitate then to confess that the Son of God is the mighty Lord?'

Palladius said; 'I have already said, we answer you in discussion as we can; for you wish to be sole judges, and at the same time parties to the case. We do not answer you now, but we will answer you in a General and full Council.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Anathema to him who denies that Christ is the mighty Lord.'

All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

33. It was likewise recited; "Alone mighty, Judge of all."

Palladius said; 'the Son of God, the Judge of all. There is Who gives, there is who receives.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Did He give by grace or nature? Men also have judgement given them.'

Palladius said; 'Do you call the Father greater or not?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'I will answer you afterwards.'

Palladius said; ' I do not answer you, if you do not answer me.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Unless you condemn in order the impiety of Arius, we will give you no power of asking questions.'

Palladius said; ' I do not answer you.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Is the Son of God, as has been read, Judge or not?'

Palladius said; 'If you do not answer me, I do not answer you, as being an impious person.'

34. AMBROSE, Bishop said; 'You have my profession, whereby I will answer you. In the mean time, let Arius' letter be read through.' And he added: 'In that letter you will find that sacrilegious argument also which you are endeavouring at.'

Palladius said; 'When I ask, do you not answer?'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'We call the Son of God equal God.'

Palladius said: 'You are Judge: your note-takers are here.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Let any of yours write, who please.'

35. PALLADIUS said; 'Is the Father greater or not?'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; ' In respect of His Godhead the Son is equal to the Father. You have it in the Gospel that the Jews persecuted Him  because He not only broke the sabbath, but also called God His Father, making Himself equal with God;  01-143 143. S. John v. 18. what then impious men confessed while they persecuted, we who believe cannot deny.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'And in another place you have:  Who being in the form of God thought it not robbery to be equal with God, but emptied himself  01-144 144. 1 made Himself of no reputation E.T.  and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men; and became obedient unto death.  01-145 145. Phil. ii. 6-8. You see that in the form of God He is equal to God. And  he took, S. Paul says,  the form of a servant. In what then is He less? In respect surely of His form of a servant, not of the form of God?'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Just as, being established in the form of a servant, He was not less than a servant; so being established in the form of God, He could not be less than God.'

36. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; ' Or say that in respect of Godhead the Son of God is less.'

Palladius said; 'The Father is greater.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; ' In respect of the flesh.'

Palladius said;  'He who sent me, is greater than I.  01-146 146. S. John xiv. 28. Was the flesh sent by God or was the Son of God sent?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'We prove this day that the holy Scriptures are falsely cited by you, for thus it is written:  Peace I leave unto you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid: If ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I said, I go unto the Father, for my Father is greater than I.   01-147 147. Ib. 27,28. He did not say, He Who sent me is greater than I.'

Palladius said; 'The Father is greater.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Anathema to him, who adds to or takes from the holy Scriptures.' All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

37. PALLADIUS said; 'The Father is greater than the Son.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'In respect of the flesh the Son is less than the Father: in respect of Godhead He is equal to the Father: I read therefore that the Son of God is equal to the Father, as also the instances that have been adduced testify. But why should you wonder that He is less in respect of the flesh, when He has called Himself a servant, a stone, a worm, when He has said that He is less than the angels, for it is written:  Thou madest him a little lower than the angels?  01-148 148. Heb. ii. 7.

Palladius said; ' I see that you make impious assertions. We do not answer you without arbiters.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'Let no one ask for an opinion from him who has blasphemed in such countless opinions.'

Palladius said; 'We do not answer you.'

38. SABINUS Bishop, said; 'Palladius has now been condemned by all. The blasphemies of Arius are much lighter than those of Palladius.'

And when Palladius rose, as if he wished to go out, he said; 'Palladius has risen, because he sees that he is to be convicted by manifest testimonies of the Scriptures, as indeed he has been already convicted: for thus it has been read, that in respect of Godhead the Son is equal to the Father. Let him admit that in respect of His Godhead the Son of God has no greater: it is written:  When God made promise to Abraham, because He could swear by no greater, he swear by himself.  01-149 149. Ib. vi. 13. You see therefore the Scripture, that He could swear by no greater. But it is the Son of Whom this is said, since it was He Who appeared to Abraham, whence also He says,  He saw my day and was glad. '  01-150 150. S. John viii. 56.

Palladius said; 'The Father is greater.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'When He spake as God, He had no greater; when He spake as man, He had one greater.'

39. PALLADIUS said; 'The Father begat the Son; the Father sent the Son.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Anathema to him, who denies that in respect of His Godhead the Son is equal to the Father.'

All the Bishops said; 'Anathema.'

Palladius said; ' The Son is subject to the Father; the Son keeps the commands of the Father.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; ' He is subject in respect of His Incarnation. But even you yourself remember that you have read;  No man can come unto me, except the Father draw him .'  01-151 151. S. John vi. 44.

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'Let him say whether the Son is subject to the Father in respect of His Godhead, or in respect of His Incarnation.'

40. PALLADIUS said; 'Then the Father is greater.' Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'In another place also it is written;  God is faithful, by Whom ye were called unto the fellowship of His Son.  01-152 152. 1 Cor. i. 8. I say that the Father is greater in respect of the assumption of the flesh, which the Son of God took upon Him, not in respect of the Son's Godhead.

Palladius said; 'What then is the comparison of the Son of God? And can flesh say, God is greater than I? Did the flesh speak or the Godhead because the flesh was there?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'The flesh does not speak without the soul.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'God in the flesh spoke according to the flesh, when He said,  Why do ye persecute  01-153 153. 2 But now ye seek to kill me, a man &c. E.V.  me, a man?  01-154 154. S. John viii. 40. Who said this?'

Palladius said; 'The Son of God.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Then the Son of God is God in respect of His Godhead and is man in respect of His flesh.'

Palladius said; 'He took flesh upon Him.'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Accordingly He made use of human words.'

Palladius said; 'He took man's flesh upon Him.'

41. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Let him say that the Apostle did not call Him subject in respect of His Godhead, but in respect of His flesh; for it is written,  He humbled himself and became obedient unto death. In what then did He taste death?'

Palladius said; 'In that He humbled Himself.' Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Not His Godhead but His flesh was humbled and subject.' And he added; ' Did Arius well or ill in calling him a perfect creature?'

Palladius said; 'I do not answer you, for you have no authority.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Profess what you please.'

Palladius said; 'I do not answer you.'

42. SABINUS, Bishop, said; 'Do you not answer on behalf of Arius? do you not answer to what has been asked?'

Palladius said; 'I have not answered on behalf of Arius.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'You have answered so far as to deny that the Son of God is mighty, to deny that He is true God.'

Palladius said; 'I do not allow you to be my judge, whom I convict of impiety.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'You yourself forced us to sit.'

Palladius said; 'I gave in a request that you might sit, in order that I might convict you. Why have you practised upon the Emperor? You have gained by intrigue that the Council should not be a plenary one.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'When Arius' impieties were read, your impiety also, which harmonized with his, was condemned equally. You have thought fit while the letter was in the midst of being read, to bring forward whatever passages you would: you were told in answer in what way the Son has said that the Father is greater, because in respect of His taking flesh upon Him, the Father is greater than He. You have urged also that the Son of God is subject; and on this head you were answered that the Son of God is subject in respect of His flesh, not in respect of His divinity. You have our profession. Now hear the rest. Since you have been answered, do you answer to what is read.'

43. PALLADIUS said; 'I do not answer you, because what I have said has not been recorded; only your words are recorded. I do not answer you.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'You see that every thing is recorded. Moreover, what has been written is abundant for the proof of your impiety.' And he added; 'Do you say that Christ is a creature or do you deny it?'

Palladius said; 'I do not answer you.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'An hour ago, when it was read that Arius called Christ a creature, you denied it: you had an opportunity offered you of condemning his perfidy; you would not. Say now at last whether Christ was begotten of the Father or created.'

Palladius said; 'If you please, let my reporters come and so let the whole be taken down.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'Let him send for his reporters.'

Palladius said; 'We will answer you in a full Council.'

44. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Attalus subscribed the formula  01-155 155. 1 By 'tractatus concilii Nicaeni' is meant simply the Nicene Creed. This is established by S. Ambr. De Fide iii. 15. 125 (518 Ed. Ben.) where, speaking of the letter of Eusebius of Nicomedia read at the Council, in reference to the word ὁμοούσιος, he says, Haec cum lecta esset epistola in Concilio Nicaeno, hoc verbum in tractatu fidei posuerunt Patres, etc. of the Council of Nicaea. Let him deny it, as he has come to our Council. Let him say to-day, whether he subscribed the formula of the Council of Nicaea or no?'

Attalus remaining silent,

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Though the presbyter Attalus is an Arian, yet we give him permission to speak: let him frankly state whether he subscribed the formula of the Council of Nicaea under his Bishop Agrippinus, or no.'

Attalus said; 'You have already said that I have been several times condemned. I do not answer you.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Did you subscribe the formula of the Council of Nicaea or no?'

Attalus said; 'I do not answer you.'

45. PALLADIUS said; 'Do you now wish the formula to be regarded as general or no?'

Chromatius, presbyter, said; 'You have not denied that He is a creature, you have denied that He is mighty. You have denied every thing which the Catholic Faith professes.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'We are witnesses that Attalus subscribed the Council of Niceea, and that he now refuses to answer. What is the opinion of all?'

As Attalus did not speak,

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Let him say whether he subscribed the formula of the Council of Nicaea or no.'

46. PALLADIUS said; 'Let your reporter and ours stand forward and write down every thing.'

Valerian, Bishop, said; 'What you have said and what you have denied is already all written.'

Palladius said; 'Say what you please.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Since Palladius who has been already many times condemned, wishes to be condemned still oftener, I am reading the letter of Arius which he has not chosen to condemn: do you state whether you approve of my doing so.'

All the Bishops said; 'Let it be read.'

Then the words were read. "But begotten not putatively," &c.

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'I have answered you on the Father's being greater: I have answered you also on the Son's being subject: do you yourself answer now.'

47. PALLADIUS said; 'I will not answer unless arbiters come after the Lord's day.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'You were come with a view to discussion, but since I have charged you with its doctrines, you have seen the letter of Arius which you have not chosen to condemn and which you cannot support: you now therefore shrink back and cavil. I read it to you fully point by point. Tell me whether you believe Christ to have been created; whether there was a time when he was not; or whether the only begotten Son of God has always existed. When you have heard Arius' letter, either condemn it or approve of it.'

48. PALLADIUS said; 'Since I convict you of impiety, I will not have you for judge. You are a transgressor.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'Say, what impieties you object to our brother and fellow-bishop Ambrose.'

Palladius said; 'I have already told you, I will answer in a full Council, and with arbiters present.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'I desire to be confuted and convicted in the assembly of my brethren. Say then what I have said impiously; but I appear impious to you because I support piety.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'Does then he seem impious to you, who censures the blasphemies of Arius?'

49. PALLADIUS said; 'I have not denied that the Son of God is good.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Do you say that Christ is a good God?'

Palladius said; 'I do not answer you.'

Valerian, Bishop, said; 'Do not press Palladius so much: he cannot confess our truths with simplicity. For his conscience is confused with a twofold blasphemy: he was ordained by the Photinians and was condemned with them, and now he shall be condemned more fully.'

Palladius said; 'Prove it.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'He would not have denied that Christ is true if he were not following his own teachers.'

50. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'You have objected to me that I am impious: prove it.'

Palladius said; 'We will bring forward our statement, and when we have brought it, then the discussion shall be held.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Condemn the impiety of Arius.'

Palladius being silent,

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'He dwells upon useless subjects. There are so many impieties of Arius, which Palladius has not chosen to condemn, nay rather has confessed by supporting. He who does not condemn Arius is like him, and is rightly to be called a heretic.'

All the Bishops said; 'On the part of us all let Palladius be anathema.'

51. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Do you consent, Palladius, that the other statements of Arius be read?'

Palladius said; 'Give us arbiters: let reporters come on both sides. You cannot be judges unless we have arbitrators and unless persons come on both sides to arbitrate, we do not answer you.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'What arbitrators do you wish for?'

Palladius said; 'There are here many men of high rank.'

Sabinus, Bishop, said; 'After such a number of blasphemies do you wish for arbitrators?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Bishops ought to judge of laymen: not laymen of Bishops. But tell me what judges you wish for.'

Palladius said; 'Let arbitrators attend.'

Chromatius, the Presbyter, said; 'Without prejudice to condemnation by the Bishops, let those also who are of Palladius' party be heard at full length.'

52. PALLADIUS said; 'They are not allowed to speak. Let arbitrators attend and reporters on both sides, and then they will answer you in a General Council.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Though he has been convicted of many impieties, yet we should blush that a person who claims the priesthood for himself should seem to have been condemned by laymen, and on this very ground and in this very point he deserves condemnation because he looks to the sentence of laymen, when priests ought rather to be the judges of laymen. Looking to what we have this day heard Palladius professing and to what he has refused to condemn, I pronounce him unworthy of the priesthood, and I judge that he should be deprived  01-156 156. m The reading in Ed. Ben. is 'carendum.' If it is genuine, the word must have acquired a sort of transitive sense and have come to mean 'to be deprived.' No traces of such an use is to be found in Facciolati or in Ducange. Ed . B en. quotes a parallel use of 'abstinendus' but without any instances. Rom. reads 'privandum,' Chifflet 'curandum,' either of which give the required sense, but seem corrections without MS. authority. thereof in order that a Catholic may be ordained in his place.'

All the Bishops said; 'Anathema to Palladius.'

53. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'The most gracious and Christian Emperor has committed the cause to the judgement of the Bishops and has constituted them arbitrators of the dispute  01-157 157. n The text in this passage is defective and confused: but the general sense, as given here, may fairly be made out of it as it stands. . Since therefore the decision appears to have been made over to us, so that we are the interpreters of the Scriptures, let us condemn Palladius, who has not chosen to condemn the sentiments of the impious Arius, and because he has himself denied the Son of God to be everlasting, and made the other statements which appear in our proceedings. Let him therefore be accounted Anathema.'

All the Bishops said; 'We all condemn him; let him be accounted anathema.'

54. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Since all who are met here are Christian men, brethren approved of God, and our fellow-bishops, let each individual say, what he thinks.'

Valerian, Bishop, said; 'My sentence is that he who defends Arius is an Arian; that he who does not condemn His blasphemies is himself a blasphemer; and therefore I judge that such a man is alien from the fellowship of Bishops.'

Palladius said; 'You have begun to play; play on. Without an Eastern Council we answer you not.'

55. ANEMIUS, Bishop of Sirmium said; 'Whoever does not condemn the heresies of Arius must of necessity be an Arian. Him therefore I judge to be alien from our communion, and to be without place in the assembly of Bishops.'

Constantius, Bishop of Orange, said; 'As Palladius is a disciple of Arius, whose impieties have been long since condemned by our Fathers in the Council of Nice, but have this day severally, when recited, been approved of by Palladius, inasmuch as he was not disturbed at his acknowledging that the Son of God was not of the same Nature with God the Father, and at his calling Him a creature, and saying that He began to be in time, and denying Him to be true Lord, on these grounds, I judge that he should be condemned for ever.'

56. JUSTUS, Bishop, said; 'Palladius who has refused to condemn the blasphemies of Arius, and who seems rather to acknowledge them, can in my judgement no longer be called a Priest or be reckoned among Bishops.'

Eventius, Bishop of Ticinum, said; 'I think that Palladius who has refused to condemn the impieties of Arius, is removed for ever from the fellowship of Bishops.'

57. ABUNDANTIUS, Bishop of Trent, said; 'Since Palladius maintains evident blasphemies, let him know that he is condemned by the Council of Aquileia.'

Eusebius, Bishop of Bologna, said; 'Inasmuch as Palladius has not only refused to condemn the impieties of Arius, impieties written with the pen of the devil, and which it is not lawful so much as to listen to, but has also appeared as the maintainer of them by denying that the Son of God is true Lord, is good Lord, is wise Lord, is everlasting Lord; both by my sentence, and by the judgement of all Catholics I think that he is rightly condemned and excluded from the assembly of Bishops.'

58. SABINUS, Bishop of Placentia, said; 'Since it has been proved to all that Palladius supports the Arian perfidy and maintains its impiety that was counter to the Evangelical and apostolical institutions, a just sentence of the whole Council has been passed upon him, and humble individual as I am, let him by my judgement be deprived once more of the priesthood and banished justly from this most holy assembly.'

Felix and Numidius, deputies of Africa said; 'Anathema to the Sect of the Arian heresy to which by the Synod of Aquileia Palladius is pronounced to belong. But we condemn also those, who contradict the truth of the Nicene Synod.'

59. LIMENIUS, Bishop of Vercellae, said; 'It is manifest that the Arian doctrine has been often condemned: and therefore, inasmuch as Palladius having been appealed to in this holy Synod of Aquileia has refused to correct and amend himself, and has rather proved himself worthy of blame and defiled himself with the perfidy which he has publicly professed himself to hold, I too by my judgement declare that he is to be deprived of the fellowship of the Bishops.'

Maximus, Bishop of Emona, said; 'That Palladius, who would not condemn, but has rather himself acknowledged, the blasphemies of Arius, is justly and deservedly condemned God knows, and the conscience of the faithful has condemned him.'

60. EXUPERANTIUS, Bishop of Dertona, said; 'As the rest of my Colleagues have condemned Palladius who has refused to condemn the sect and doctrine of Arius, and on the contrary has defended them, I also likewise condemn him.'

Bassianus, Bishop of Lodi, said; 'I have heard along with the rest of my Colleagues the impieties of Arius, which Palladius not only has not condemned but has confirmed. Let him be anathema and be deprived of the priesthood.'

61. PHILASTER, Bishop of Brescia, said: 'The blasphemies and iniquity of Palladius, who follows and defends the Arian doctrine I in company with all have condemned.'

Constantius, Bishop of Sciscia, said; 'As the rest of my brother Bishops, I also think that Palladius is to be condemned, who has refused to condemn the blasphemies and impieties of Arius.'

Heliodorus, Bishop of Altinum, said; 'The man who maintains the perfidy of Arius, and of all the heretics with whom Palladius is partner, whose heart is foolish, and who has not confessed the truth; together with the rest of my brother Bishops I condemn.'

62. FELIX, Bishop of Jadera, said; 'I also in like manner unite with all in condemning Palladius, who speaks blasphemies against the Son of God as Arius did.'

Theodoras, Bishop of Octodorum, said; 'We judge Palladius, who has denied Christ to be true God, co-eternal with the Father, to be in no wise either a Christian or a priest.'

Domninus, Bishop of Grenoble, said; 'As Palladius adheres to the perfidy of Arius, I also judge that he is to be condemned for ever, as my brethren also have condemned him.'

63. PROCULUS, Bishop of Marseilles, said; 'Palladius, who by a kind of impious succession to the blasphemies of Arius has defended them in that he does not condemn them, as he has been already designated a blasphemer by the sentence of many venerable Bishops, and pronounced alien from the priesthood, so by my sentence also is marked out in the same manner as condemned for ever.'

Diogenes, Bishop of Genoa, said; 'Palladius who while he does not confess has even denied Christ to be true Lord and God, like and equal to the Father, I together with the rest of my brethren and fellow Bishops adjudge to have the lot of condemnation.'

64. AMANTIUS, Bishop of Nice, said; 'Palladius, who has refused to pull down the sect of Arius, according to the judgement of my brother Bishops, I also condemn.'

Januarius, Bishop, said; 'As all my brother Bishops have condemned Palladius so also do I think that he ought to be condemned by a similar judgement  01-158 158. o It is to be noticed that the sentence of only twenty-five Bishops are here given out of thirty two or thirty three. It is probable therefore that the Record is defective, and that the sentences of the rest have been lost. .'

65. SECUNDIANUS having withdrawn for a while, and then returned to the Council  01-159 159. p Ed. Ben. here reads, Et cum Secundianus subripuisset. As subripuisset by itself could have no sense, the reading of Ed. Rom. has been adopted, Et cum Secundianus se paullulum subripuisset et postea convenisset. This is adopted in Tillemont's narrative, Il sortit mesme de l'assemblée, mais il revint quelque temps apres. ,

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'You have heard, Secundianus, what sort of sentence the impious Palladius has received, having been condemned by the Council of Bishops: and though we have been displeased that you have not shrunk from his madness, I nevertheless make some special enquiries of you. Do you say that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is or is not very God?'

Secundianus said; 'He who denies the Father of our Lord and God Jesus Christ to be true God is not a Christian, nor is he who denies that the Lord is the very Son of God.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'Do you confess that the Son of God is very God?'

Secundianus said; 'I say that He is the very Son of God, the very only begotten Son of God.'

66. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Do you call Him very Lord?'

Secundianus said; 'I call Him the very only-begotten Son of God. Who denies that He is the very Son of God?

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'It is not enough that you confess Him to be the only-begotten Son of God, for all confess this. But what influences us is that Arius said that the Father alone is Lord, alone is true, and denied that the Son of God is very Lord. Do you confess simply that the Son of God is very God?'

Secundianus said; 'Who Arius was, I know not; what he said, I know not. You speak with me, living man with living man. I say what Christ said:  The only begotten Son Which is in the bosom of the Father.  01-160 160. S. John i.18. Therefore He asserts Himself to be the only-begotten Son of the Father: the only-begotten Son is then the very Son of God.'

67. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Is the very Son of God also very God? It is written in the divine books:  he that sweareth on the earth, shall swear by the true God,  01-161 161. Isa. lxv. 16. and that this applies to Christ there is no doubt. We therefore profess the true God, and this is our faith and profession, that the only-begotten Son of the Father is very God. Do you then say 'of very God,' and then that the Son is very God.'

Secundianus said; 'Of very God.'

68. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Is the Son of God very God?'

Secundianus said; 'Then would he be a liar.' Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'In this you practise an evasion to avoid saying very God, but instead thereof, God, very only-begotten, and therefore say simply, The only-begotten Son of God is very God.'

Secundianus said; 'I called Him the only-begotten Son of God.'

69. EUSEBIUS, Bishop, said; 'This Photinus does not deny, this Sabellus confesses.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'And he who does not confess this is justly condemned, and on this point I appeal to you many times though by cavilling you have denied the truth. I do not ask you to call Him merely the very only-begotten Son of God, but to call Him also very God.'

Secundianus said; 'I profess myself the servant of truth. What I say is not taken down and what you say is taken down. I say that Christ is the true Son of God. Who denies that He is the true Son of God?'

70. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'He who denies that the only-begotten Son of God is very God, let him be anathema.'

Secundianus said; 'The only-begotten Son of God, very God! why do you state to me what is not written?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said: 'It is plain sacrilege, that Arius denied Christ the Son of God to be very God.'

Secundianus said; 'Forasmuch as Christ is called the Son of God, I call the Son of God very Son  01-162 162. q This is according to the text of Ed. Rom. ; but that He is very God is not written.'

71. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Have you not yet recovered your senses?' And he added; 'Lest it should appear that he has been unfairly treated, let him state his opinion. Let him then say that Christ the only-begotten Son of God is very God.'

Secundianus said; 'I have already said. What more would you wring from me?'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'What have you said? certainly if you had said so great truths, what is said gloriously, may well be often repeated.'

Secundianus said; 'It is written,  Let your conversation be yea, yea, nay, nay. '  01-163 163. S. Matt. v. 37.

72. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'He who says that the Father Himself is the Son, is sacrilegious. This I ask of you that you would say that the Son of God is begotten very God of very God.'

Secundianus said; 'I say that the Son is begotten of God, as He says Himself  I  have begotten Thee,  01-164 164. Heb. i. 5. and that He confesses Himself to be begotten.'

73. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Is He very God of very God?'

Secundianus said; 'When you add to the Name and call Him very [God], do you understand what the character of your own faith is, and are you a Christian ?'

Eusebius, Bishop, said; 'Who has denied that He is very God? Arius and Palladius have denied it. If you believe Him to be very God, you should simply express it.'

74. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'If you will not say that He is very God begotten of very God, you have denied Christ.'

Secundianus said; 'When asked about the Son, I answered you: I have answered as to the manner in which I ought to make my profession. We have your statement: we will bring it forward; let it be read.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'You should have brought it forward to-day, but you are attempting a subterfuge. You demand a profession of me and I demand a profession of you. Is the Son of God very God ?'

Secundianus said; 'The Son of God is God only-begotten. I also ask him : Is He only-begotten ?'

75. AMBROSE, Bishop, said; 'Let reason move us: let us be moved too by your impiety and folly. When you speak of God very only-begotten, you do not apply the 'very' to 'God,' but to 'only-begotten.' And therefore to remove this question answer me this: Is He very God of very God?'

Secundianus said; 'Did then God not beget God? He Who is very God begat What He is; He begat one true only-begotten Son.'

Ambrose, Bishop, said; 'You do not confess Him very God but you would call Him very only-begotten. I too call Him only-begotten, but also very God.'

Secundianus said; 'I say that he was begotten of the Father, I say to all that he was very begotten  01-165 165. r The abrupt termination of the discussion with Secundianus, without any account of a decision in his case, seems to point to the same conclusion as the incomplete list of Bishops who give sentence on Palladius, that the Record is defective. Moreover the unusual number of various reading's is generally a sign of a defective text. The force and cleverness of the evasions of Secundianus seem sometimes to be lost thereby. .'

The Names of the Bishops and Presbyters who were present at the Council.

VALERIAN, Bishop of Aquileia  01-166 166. s With regard to the names of the sees, those of which the modern name is as familiar or more familiar than the ancient have been rendered by the modern name, those of which the modern name would be unfamiliar to general readers have been left in their ancient form. It would be affectation to call S. Ambrose Bishop of Mediolanum: on the other hand nothing would be gained by calling Felix Bishop of Jadera, Bishop of Zara. .
AMBROSE, Bishop of Milan.EUSEBIUS, Bishop of Bologna.LIMENIUS, Bishop of Vercellae.ANEMIUS, Bishop of Sirmium in Illyricum.SABINUS, Bishop of Placentia.ABUNDANTIUS, Bishop of Brescia.CONSTANTIUS, Bishop of Orange, Deputy of the Gauls.THEODORUS, Bishop of Octodurus.DOMNINUS, Bishop of Grenoble.AMANTIUS, Bishop of Nice.MAXIMUS, Bishop of Emona.BASSIANUS, Bishop of Lodi.PROCULUS, Bishop of Marseilles, Deputy of the Gauls.HELIODORUS, Bishop of Altinum.FELIX, Bishop of Jadera.EVENTIUS, Bishop of Ticinum  01-167 167. t This name is omitted in the list at the beginning, so that there are thirty three in this list, only thirty two in the other. The two presbyters were probably representatives of Bishops, but it is not stated of whom. .
EXSUPERANTIUS, Bishop of Dertona.DIOGENES, Bishop of Genoa.CONSTANTIUS, Bishop of Sciscia.JUSTUS, Bishop of Lyons, also Deputy of the Gauls.FELIX, Deputy of Africa.NUMIDIUS, Deputy of Africa.EVAGRIUS, Presbyter and Deputy.ARTEMIUS, ALMACHIUS, JANUARIUS, JOVINUS, MACEDONIUS, CASSIANUS, MARCELLUS, EUSTATHIUS, MAXIMUS, CHROMATIUS a Presbyter.

EPISTOLA VIII .

 Adversus eos, qui secundum artem negabant scripsisse sacros auctores, contendit ab his ipsis illos qui de eadem arte praeceperunt, expressisse placita sua. Tum propositis sacrorum codicum aliquot locis, dicendi leges illic servari sedulo probat. 

AMBROSIUS JUSTO.

1. Negant plerique nostros secundum artem scripsisse. Nec nos obnitimur; non enim secundum artem scripserunt, sed secundum gratiam, quae super  0912B omnem artem est; scripserunt enim quae Spiritus iis loqui dabat. Sed tamen ii, qui de arte scripserunt, de eorum scriptis artem invenerunt, et condiderunt commenta artis, et magisteria (Act. II, 4).

2. Denique in arte requiruntur praecipue, ut sit αἴτιον, ὕλη, ἀποτέλεσμα; cum igitur legamus sanctum Isaac Patri dicere:  Ecce ignis et ligna, ubi hostia (Gen. XXII, 7)? quid horum deest? Nam qui quaerit, dubitat: qui respondet quaerenti, pronuntiat, et dubitationem absolvit. Ecce ignis, id est αἴτιον: et ligna, id est, ὕλη, quae Latine materia dicitur: tertium quid superest, nisi ἀποτέλεσμα, quod filius quaesivit, pater retulit dicenti.  Ubi hostia? Deus, inquit,  providebit sibi sacrificium, fili (Ibid., 8).

3. Differamus paulisper mysterium. Ostendit  0913A Deus arietem pendentem cornibus (Gen. XXII, 13): aries autem est Verbum plenum tranquillitatis, et moderationis, atque patientiae; quo ostenditur bonum sacrificium esse sapientiam, et prudenter emerendi ac propitiandi rationem cognoscere. Unde et propheta ait:  Sacrificate sacrificium justitiae (Psal. IV, 6). Itaque justitiae, ita ut sapientiae sacrificium est.

4. Ecce ergo mens calida et fervens, ut ignis, quae operatur: ecce et intelligibilia, id est, materia; 784 ubi est tertium, intelligere? Ecce color; ubi est videre? Ecce sensibilia; ubi est sentire? Materia enim non ab omnibus videtur; ideoque Deus dat munus intelligendi, et sentiendi, et videndi.

5. Verbum ergo Dei ἀποτέλεσμα est, id est, definitio et consummatio disputationis, quod infunditur  0913B prudentioribus, et dubia confirmat. Pulchre autem etiam ii, qui in adventum Christi non crediderunt, se ipsos revincunt; ut confiteantur, quod negandum putant. Dicunt enim arietem Verbum Dei, et non credunt passionis mysterium; cum in illo mysterio Verbum Dei sit, in quo impletum est sacrificium.

6. Ergo primum accendamus in nobis ignem mentis, ut operetur in nobis. Quaeramus subjicientis materiam, quid sit quod nutriat animam, tamquam in tenebris requiramus eam. Neque enim vel Patres sciebant, quid esset manna: invenerunt, inquit, manna dicentes ipsum esse sermonem et Verbum Dei (Exod. XVI, 15, 16); unde omnes disciplinae fonte jugi ac perpetuo fluunt atque derivant.

 0913C 7. Haec est esca coelestis. Significatur autem ex persona dicentis:  Ecce ego pluam vobis panes de coelo (Ibid.): αἴτιον ergo, eo quod operatur Deus, qui irrigat mentes rore sapientiae: ὕλη, quia videntes animae et gustantes delectantur, et requirunt unde sit illud splendidius luce, dulcius melle. Respondetur eis Scripturae serie:  Hic est panis quem dedit vobis manducare Dominus (Ibid., 15); et hoc est Verbum Dei, quod disposuit Deus, vel ordinavit: quo pascitur anima prudentium, et delectatur: quod est candidum et suave, veritatis splendore illuminans, et virtutum suavitate demulcens audientium animas.

8. In se enim didicerat propheta quid esset consummandae rei αἴτιον. Nam cum mitteretur ad populum  0914A Dei liberandum, ad regem Aegypti, ait:  Quis sum ego, ut vadam, et educam 785  populum a regis potestate? Respondit Dominus:  Ego ero tecum (Exod. III, 11, 12). Interrogabat iterum Moyses:  Quid dicam illis, si requirant: Quis est Dominus, qui misit te, et quod nomen est illi? Dixit Dominus: Ego sum qui sum. Dices: Qui est, misit me  (Exod. III, 13, 14). Hoc est verum nomen Dei, esse semper. Unde et Apostolus de Christo:  Dei enim filius Jesus Christus, qui in vobis est, qui per nos praedicatus est, per me et Sylvanum et Timotheum; non fuit, inquit,  Est et Non: sed Est in illo fuit (II Cor. I, 19). Respondit Moyses:  Si non crediderint mihi, neque obaudierint vocem meam, dicentes, quia non apparuit tibi Deus, quid dicam illis (Exod. IV, 1 et seq.)? Dedit illi signa  0914B facere, ut crederetur quia a Domino missus est. Tertio ait Moyses:  Non sum dignus, et gracili voce sum, tardiore lingua, quomodo me audiet Pharao (Ibid., 10)? Responsum est ei:  Vade, et ego aperiam os tuum, et instruam te quid debeas loqui (Ibid., 12).

9. Interrogationes ergo illae in medio et responsiones habent sapientiae semina et θεωρίαν. Gratum tamen ἀποτέλεσμα est; quia ait:  Ego ero tecum (Exod., III, 12). Et quamvis dederit ei signa facere; tamen dubitanti iterum, ut scias quia signa non credentibus, promissum autem credentibus, respondit ad infirmitatem vel meriti, vel voti:  Ego aperiam os tuum, et instruam te quid debeas loqui. Perfectum ergo ἀποτέλεσμα servatum est.

10. Habes hoc et in Evangelio:  Petite, et dabitur   0914C   vobis: quaerite, et invenietis: pulsate, et aperietur vobis (Matth. VII, 7). Pete ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰτίου, id est, ab auctore quaere. Habes ὕλην intelligibilia, quibus quaeras: pulsa, et aperit tibi Deus Verbum. Quae petit, mens est, quae operatur, sicut ignis: intelligibilia, in quibus mentis ardor operatur, sicut ignis in lignis: aperit tibi Verbum Deus, quod est Ἀποτέλεσμα. Habemus et alibi in Evangelio, dicente Domino:  Cum autem tradent vos, nolite cogitare quomodo aut quid loquamini; dabitur enim vobis in illa hora   quid loquamini. Non enim vos eritis, qui loquimini: sed Spiritus Patris vestri, qui loquitur in vobis (Matth. X, 16).

11. Habes hoc et in Genesi, dicente Isaac:  Quod   0915A   est, quid tam cito invenisti, fili; Qui dixit:  Quid tradidit Dominus Deus tuus in manus meas (Gen. XXVII, 20). Ἀποτέλεσμα Dominus est. Qui per Dominum quaerit, invenit. Laban denique qui per Dominum non quaesivit; quia quaerebat idola, non invenit. (Gen. XXXI, 33 et seq.).

12. Pulchre autem quos dicunt ὅρους, servavit. Primus est ὅρος·  Vade, affer mihi de venatione tua, ut manducem (Gen. XXVII, 24). Excitat atque adolet velut igni quodam adhortationis suae mentem ejus, 786 ut operetur et quaerat. Secundus ὅρος  Quid est, quod tam cito invenisti? Hic in interrogatione est. Tertius ὅρος in responsione:  Quod tradidit Dominus Deus tuus in manus meas (Ibid., 20). Ἀποτέλεσμα Deus est, qui concludit et consummat omnia: de  0915B quo dubitandum non est.

13. Est et ille ὅρος de spontaneis:  Si non seminaveritis, non metetis (Levit. XXV, 11 et seq.); nam etsi cultura provocet semina, tamen natura spontaneo quodam, ut surgant, in iis operatur ingenio.

14. Unde Apostolus:  Ego plantavi, inquit,  Apollo rigavit, sed Deus incrementum dedit. Itaque neque qui plantat, est quidquam; neque qui rigat: sed qui dat incrementum, Deus  (I Cor. III, 6, 7). Dat tibi Deus in spiritu, et in corde tuo seminat Dominus. Age ergo, ut inspiret, et seminet; ut metas: si non seminaveris, non metes. Quasi admoneris ut semines: non seminasti, non metes; sententia est. Principio finis convenit: principium semen est, finis messis.

15. Disce, inquit, ex me: natura adjuvat discentem:  0915C Deus autem auctor naturae est. Dei quoque, ut bene discamus; quia hoc naturae est, perdiscere: duri enim corde non discunt. Incrementa per naturam, quae divini habet gratiam muneris: consummationem et perfectionem Deus dat, id est, illa praestantissima  0916A et divina Trinitatis natura et substantia. Vale, et nos dilige, ut facis; quia nos te diligimus.

GESTA CONCILII AQUILEIENSIS CONTRA PALLADIUM ET SECUNDIANUM HAERETICOS.  Consessus Patrum, et Ambrosii ad eos de conficiendis actis oratio. 

1. Syagrio et Eucherio viris clarissimis coss. III non. Sept. Aquileiae in Ecclesia considentibus, cum episcopis, Aquileiensium civitatis Valeriano, Ambrosio, Eusebio, Limenio, Anemio, Sabino, Abundantio, Artemio, Constantio, Justo, Philastro, Constantio, Theodoro, Almachio, Domnino, Amantio, Maximo, Felice, Bassiano, Numidio, Januario, Proculo, Heliodoro, Jovino, Felice, Exuperantio,  0916B Diogene, Maximo, Macedonio, Cassiano, Marcello et Eustathio episcopis; Ambrosius episcopus dixit:

2. « Diu citra acta tractavimus: et quoniam tanta sacrilegia a parte Palladii et Secundiani nostris auribus ingeruntur, ut difficile quisque credat tam aperte eos blasphemare potuisse; vel ne qua ipsi calliditate dicta sua postea negare conentur, licet de tantorum sacerdotum 787 testificatione dubitari non queat: tamen quoniam omnibus episcopis placet, fiant acta; ut unusquisque professionem suam negare non possit. Quid ergo vobis, sancti viri, placeat declarandum est.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Placet.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Disceptationes nostrae ex re firmandae sunt scripto imperiali, ut allegentur.»

 Scriptum imperiale recitatur in Concilio. 

 0916C 

3. «Sabinianus diaconus recitavit: Ambigua dogmatum reverentia ne dissideant sacerdotes quamprimum experiri cupientes, convenire in Aquileiensium  0917A civitatem ex dioecesi meritis excellentiae tuae creditam, episcopos jusseramus. Neque enim controversiae dubiae sententiae rectius poterant expediri, quam si obortae altercationis interpretes ipsos constituissemus antistites; ut videlicet a quibus proficiscuntur instituta doctrinae, ab eisdem discordis eruditionis repugnantia solveretur.

4. «Neque sane nunc aliter jubemus ac jussimus, non invertentes praecepti tenorem, sed superfluam convenarum copiam recolentes. Nam quod Ambrosius et vitae merito, et Dei dignatione conspicuus episcopus Mediolanensium civitatis ibi multitudinem non opus esse suggerit, ubi veritas non laboraret in pluribus, si locata esset in paucis: seque eorum qui contra astarent assertionibus, et sacerdotes vicinarum  0917B ex Italia civitatum satis abundeque sufficere posse suggerit; abstinendum venerabilium virorum fatigatione censuimus, ne quis vel maturo aevo gravis, vel corporali debilitate confectus, vel laudabili paupertate mediocris, insuetas repetat terras. Et reliqua.»

AMBROSIUS  lectam Arii epistolam damnari a Palladio petit: hic tergiversatur, et nisi in generali concilio negat se responsurum; Patres anathemate percellunt eos, qui Filii Dei vel divinitatem vel aeternitatem negarent. Effugium aucupatur in eo Palladius, quod se fateri dictitat Christum verum esse Dei Filium. Ejus fraus in confitendo eumdem esse Deum atque unigenitum. Postea transitur ad Christi immortalitatem, atque ab ea ad sapientiam, a qua similiter ad bonitatem; ubi more suo Palladius conatur illudere.   0917C   Deinde utrum Dei Filium omnipotentem, utrum etiam judicem eum agnoscat, urgetur: ad quae post multam tergiversationem solita utitur ad plenum concilium provocatione. Sub haec Altalo condemnato, qui respondere etiam recusabat, Palladias auditores laicos petit, et condemnatur. 

5. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ecce quod Christianus constituit imperator. Noluit injuriam facere sacerdotibus; ipsos interpretes constituit episcopos. Ac per hoc, quoniam in sacerdotali Concilio considemus, responde ad ea quae tibi proponuntur. Arii epistola lecta est: etiam nunc recitabitur, si tibi 788 videtur. A principio habet blasphemias, solum Patrem aeternum dixit. Si tibi videtur quod Dei Filius sempiternus non sit, hoc ipsum  0917D quemadmodum vis, astrue: si damnandum putas, damna. Evangelium praesens est, et Apostolus,  0918A omnes Scripturae praesto sunt. Unde vis astrue, si putas non esse Dei Filium sempiternum.»

6. Palladius dixit: «Vestro studio factum est, sicut dictat lectio sacra a vobis prolata, ut non esset generale et plenum concilium: absentibus consortibus nostris, nos respondere non possumus.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Qui sunt consortes vestri?»

Palladius dixit: «Orientales episcopi.»

7. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Interim quia superioribus temporibus concilium sic factum est, ut Orientales in Orientis partibus constituti haberent concilium, Occidentales in Occidente; nos in Occidentis partibus constituti convenimus ad Aquileiensium civitatem, juxta imperatoris praeceptum.  0918B Denique etiam praefectus Italiae litteras dedit, ut si vellent orientales convenire, in potestate haberent: sed quia scierunt consuetudinem hujusmodi, ut in oriente orientalium esset concilium, intra Occidentem Occidentalium; ideo putaverunt non esse veniendum.»

8. Palladius dixit: «Imperator noster Gratianus jussit Orientales venire: negas tu jussisse eum? Ipse imperator nobis dixit se Orientales jussisse venire.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Utique jussit, qui non prohibuit huc venire.»

Palladius dixit: «Sed ne venirent tua petitio fecit: sub specie falsae voluntatis hoc impetrasti, et distulisti concilium.»

9. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Non opus est diutius  0918C evagari, responde nunc. Bene dixit Arius solum aeternum Patrem? Et secundum Scripturas hoc dixit, an non?»

Palladius dixit: «Non tibi respondeo.»

Constantius episcopus dixit: «Non respondes, qui tamdiu blasphemasti?»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Sed debebis simpliciter fidei tuae prodere libertatem. Si a te gentilis exigeret quemadmodum in Christum crederes, confiteri erubescere non deberes.»

10. Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Tu petisti ut responderemus: hodie ex voluntate tua, et te urgente, convenimus, et non exspectavimus reliquos fratres, qui poterant venire. Proinde non tibi liberum est evagari. Christum dicis esse creatum? aut sempiternum  0918D dicis esse Filium Dei?»

Palladius dixit: « Dixi tibi, nos ideo diximus  0919A vobis ut veniremus, et convinceremus quod non recte fecistis subrepere imperatori.»

789. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Legatur epistola Palladii, utrum nobis hoc mandaverit, et docebitur quod etiam nunc fallit.»

Palladius dixit: «Legatur plane.»

Episcopi dixerunt: «Imperator cum esset praesens Syrmio, tu illum interpellasti, an ipse te compulit? Et addiderunt: Quid ad ista respondes?»

Palladius respondit: «Dixit mihi: Vade. Diximus: Orientales, conventi sunt? Ait: Conventi sunt. Numquid si Orientales non fuissent conventi, numquid nos convenissemus?»

11. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Sequestrata sit causa Orientalium, sententiam tuam hodie quaero.  0919B Arii tibi epistola lecta est: soles te Arianum negare. Aut damna hodie Arium, aut defende.»

Palladius dixit: «Non est auctoritatis tuae, ut hoc a me quaeras.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Non credimus religiosum imperatorem aliud dixisse, quam scripsit. Episcopos jussit convenire: non potuit tibi soli contra rescriptum suum dicere, ut sine orientalibus causa minime diceretur.»

Palladius dixit: «Si Itali soli jussi sunt convenire?»

Evagrius presbyter et legatus dixit: «Ut ante quatuor dies, et ante biduum responderet se affuturum. Quid ergo exspectabas? Orientalium, ut dicis, consortium tuorum sententiam exspectandam? Sic debuisti  0919C mandare, non promittere conflictum.»

Palladius dixit: «Quia quasi ad concilium plenum veneram, vidi non convenisse consortes meos, ut convenirem, et dicerem secundum jussionem ageretis in praejudicium futuri Concilii.»

12. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ut hodie resideremus, ipse exegisti. Denique etiam hodie tu ipse dixisti quia christiani ad christianos venimus. Christianos igitur nos probasti. Promisisti te conflictaturum, promisisti te allaturum aut acceptaturum esse rationem. Libenter itaque accepimus praefationem tuam. Optavimus ut quasi christianus venires. Obtuli tibi epistolam Arii, quam scripsit Arius, de cujus nomine dicitis vos injuriam frequenter sustinere. Dicitis quod Arium non sequamini.  0919D Hodie aperta debet esse sententia: aut condemna illum, aut astrue quibusvis lectionibus.» Et addidit: «Ergo juxta epistolam Arii Christus Dei Filius non est sempiternus?

Palladius dixit: «Nos diximus probaturos nos christianos, sed in concilio pleno. Non vobis respondemus omnino in praejudicium concilii futuri.»

 0920A Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Sine calliditate, fidei tuae professionem debes exponere.»

Palladius dixit: «Et quid concilio reservamus?»

13. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Omni ore condemnatio facta est in eum, qui negaret Dei Filium sempiternum. Negavit Arius; hunc sequitur Palladius, qui non vult condemnare 790 Arium. Itaque utrum hujus probanda sententia sit, considerate: et utrum secundum Scripturas dicat, aut contra Scripturas, intelligere licet. Lectum est enim:  Sempiterna virtus Dei atque divinitas. Dei virtus Christus est (Rom. I, 20)? Si igitur sempiterna Dei virtus est, sempiternus utique Christus est; quia Christus est Dei virtus» (I Cor. I, 8).

 0920B Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Haec fides nostra est, haec intelligentia catholica. Qui haec non dixerit, anathema.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema.»

14. Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Specialiter dicit solum Patrem sempiternum, et Filium aliquando coepisse.»

Palladius dixit: «Arium nec vidi, nec scio qui sit.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Arii blasphemia prolata est, in qua negat Dei Filium sempiternum. Hanc perfidiam damnas cum auctore, aut asseris?»

Palladius dixit: «Ubi auctoritas pleni concilii non est, non dico.»

15. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Dubitas post  0920C divina judicia damnare Arium, cum crepuerit medius?» Et addidit: «Dicant etiam sancti viri legati Gallorum.»

Constantius episcopus et legatus Gallorum dixit: «Hanc impietatem ejus hominis et semper damnavimus, et nunc damnamus non solum Arium; sed et quicumque Filium Dei non dixerit sempiternum.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Quid etiam dicit dominus meus Justus?»

Justus episcopus et legatus Gallorum dixit: «Qui Filium Dei coaeternum cum Patre non confitetur, anathema habeatur.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema.»

16. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Dicant etiam Afrorum legati, qui omnium civium huc attulere  0920D sententias.»

Felix episcopus et legatus dixit: «Si quis Filium Dei negaverit sempiternum, et coaeternum negaverit, non solus ego legatus totius Africanae provinciae damno: sed et cunctus chorus sacerdotalis, qui ad hunc coetum sanctissimum me misit, etiam ipse ante damnavit.»

 0921A Anemius episcopus dixit: «Caput Illyrici non nisi civitas est Sirmiensis: ego igitur episcopus illius civitatis sum. Eum qui non confitetur Filium Dei aeternum, et coaeternum Patri, quod est sempiternum, anathema dico: sed etiam iis qui idem non confitentur.»

17. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Audite sequentia.»

Et recitatum est: «Solum aeternum, solum sine initio, solum verum, solum immortalitatem habentem.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Et in hoc damna eum, qui negat Filium Deum verum. Cum enim ipse sit veritas, quemadmodum non est Deus verus?» Et addidit: «Quid ad hoc?»

 0921B Palladius dixit: «Filium verum quis non dicit?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Arius negavit.»

Palladius dixit: «Cum Apostolus dicat Christum 791 super omnia Deum, potest aliquis negare verum Filium Dei?»

18. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ut scias quam simpliciter veritas a nobis requiratur, ecce dico ego, ut dicis: sed semiplenum habeo. Cum enim ita dicis, videris negare Deum verum: si autem simpliciter confiteris: verum Deum Filium Dei, eo ordine astrue, quo ipse propono.»

Palladius dixit: «Ego secundum Scripturas tibi loquor, verum Filium Dei Dominum dico.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Verum Dominum  0921C dicis Filium Dei?»

Palladius dixit: «Cum verum Filium dicam, quid amplius?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Non quaero tantummodo, ut verum Filium dicas, sed ut verum Dominum Dei Filium dicas.»

19. Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Christus Deus verus est, secundum omnium fidem, et catholicam professionem?»

Palladius dixit: «Verus Dei Filius est.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Nam et nos per adoptionem filii sumus, ille secundum proprietatem generationis divinae» (Galat. IV, 7). Et addidit: «Confiteris ergo verum Filium Dei Dominum verum esse secundum nativitatem et proprietatem?»

 0921D Palladius dixit: «Verum Dei Filium unigenitum dico.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Hoc ergo putas contra Scripturas, si Christus Deus verus esse dicatur?»

 0922A 20. Cumque Palladius reticeret, Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Solum verum Filium Dei qui dicit, et non vult dicere dominum verum, videtur negare. Hoc igitur ordine confiteatur, si tamen confitetur, Palladius; et dicat utrum verum Dominum Dei Filium dicat.»

Palladius dixit: «Cum dicat Filius:  Ut cognoscant te solum verum Dominum, et quem misisti Jesum Christum (Joan. XVII, 3); affectu, an in veritate?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Joannes dixit in epistola sua: Hic est verus Deus (I Joan. V, 20). Nega hoc.»

Palladius dixit: «Cum dicam tibi verum Filium, profiteor veram etiam divinitatem.»

 0922B Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Et in hoc est fraus; sic enim soletis dicere unam et veram divinitatem, ut Patris tantummodo, non etiam Filii veram et unam divinitatem dicatis. Ergo si aperte vis dicere, quia ad Scripturas me provocas, dic quod dixit evangelista Joannes: Hic est verus Deus: aut nega dictum.»

Palladius dixit: «Absque Filio alius genitus non est.»

21. Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Christus verus Deus secundum omnium fidem et catholicam professionem, an in sententia tua Deus verus non est?»

Palladius dixit: «Virtus Dei nostri est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Non habes libertatem profitendi; ac per hoc anathema ei, qui non  0922C confitetur verum Dominum Filium Dei.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema habeatur, qui 792 Christum Filium Dei Dominum verum non dixerit.»

22. Iterum addidit: «Solum verum, solum immortalitatem habentem.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Filius Dei habet immortalitatem, aut non habet secundum divinitatem?»

Palladius dixit: «Apostolum admittis, an non?»  Rex regum, qui solus habet immortalitatem (I Tim. VI, 16).

Ambrosious episcopus dixit: «De Christo Filio Dei quid dicis?»

Palladius dixit: «Christus nomen divinum est,  0922D an humanum?»

23. Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Secundum carnis quidem sacramentum Christus dicitur, sed idem Deus et homo est.»

Palladius dixit: «Christus nomen carnis est:  0923A Christus nomen humanum est; et respondete vos mihi.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Quid superfluis immoraris? Cum legeretur impietas Arii, qui hoc dicit de Patre, quia solus habet immortalitatem, attulisti testimonium ad consensum impietatis Arii, ex Apostolo dicens:  Qui solus habet immortalitatem, et lucem inaccessibilem habitat (I Tim. VI, 16). Sed si intelligis, totius naturae dignitatem, in Dei nomine expressit: Siquidem in Dei nomine Pater et Filius designantur.»

Palladius dixit: «Et ego vos, quod interrogavi, respondere noluistis.»

24. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Aperte de te sententiam quaero: Filius Dei habet immortalitatem  0923B secundum generationem divinam, an non habet?»

Palladius dixit: «Secundum generationem divinam incorruptibilis, et per carnem mortuus est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Non divinitas mortua est, sed caro mortua est.»

Palladius dixit: «Ante vos mihi respondete.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Filius Dei secundum divinitatem habet immortalitatem, an non habet? Sed et jam fraudes et insidias tuas non secundum Arii professionem prodidisti?» Et addidit: «Qui Filium Dei negat habere immortalitatem, quid vobis videtur?»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema habeatur.»

25. Palladius dixit: «Satus divinus immortalis  0923C est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Astute et hoc, ut de Dei Filio nihil exprimas evidenter, et ego dico: Immortalitatem habet Dei Filius secundum divinitatem, aut nega quia non habet immortalitatem.»

Palladius dixit: «Christus mortuus est, an non?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Secundum carnem: anima nostra non moritur; scriptum est enim: Nolite timere eos qui occidunt corpus, animam autem non possunt occidere (Matth. XII, 28). Cum igitur anima nostra mori non possit, putas quod Christus secundum divinitatem mortuus sit?»

Palladius dixit: «Mortis appellationem quare tu horres?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Immo non horreo,  0923D confiteor secundum carnem meam; est enim 793 per quem a mortis vinculis sum revinctus.»

Palladius dixit: «Mortem separatio facit spiritus; nam Christus Filius Dei carnem suscepit, et per carnem mortuus est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Scriptum est Christum passum. Secundum carnem igitur passus est,  0924A secundum divinitatem habet immortalitatem. Hoc qui negat, diabolus est.»

Palladius dixit: «Ego Arium non novi.»

26. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ergo male dixit Arius, cum etiam Filius Dei habeat immortalitatem secundum divinitatem.» Et addidit: «Bene dixit ergo, an male?»

Palladius dixit: «Non consentio.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Cui non consentis? Anathema illi, qui non explicat fidei libertatem.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema.»

Palladius dixit: «Dicite quod vultis, ejus est divinitas immortalis.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Cujus, Patris, an et Filii?» Et addidit: «Multas impietates congessit  0924B Arius. Sed ad alia transeamus.»

27. Et recitatum est: «Solum sapientem.»

Palladius dixit: «Pater a se sapit: Filius autem sapiens non est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ergo Filius non est sapiens, cum ipse sit sapientia (I Cor. I, 24)? Nam et nos dicimus, quia ex Patre natus est Filius.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Est aliquid tam impium, tam profanum, quam quod dixit sapientem Filium Dei negare?»

Palladius dixit: «Sapientia dicitur, quis potest sapientiam denegare?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Sapiens est, an non?»

Palladius dixit: «Sapientia est.»

 0924C Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Sapiens ergo, cum sit sapientia.»

Palladius dixit: «Secundum Scripturas vobis respondemus.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Etiam sapientem, quantum video, Filium Dei Palladius negare conatus est.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Qui negat Filium Dei sapientem, anathema sit.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt, «Anathema.»

28. Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Etiam Secundianus ad hoc respondeat.»

Cumque Secundianus reticeret, Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Qui tacet, integrum vult habere judicium.» Et addidit: «Solum Patrem bonum cum  0924D dicit, Filium confessus est, an negavit?»

Palladius dixit: «Legimus:  Ego sum pastor bonus (Joan. X, 11); et nos negamus? Quis non dicat bonum Dei Filium?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ergo bonus est Christus?»

Palladius dixit: «Bonus.»

 0925A Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Male ergo Arius de solo Patre dixit, cum etiam Filius Dei Deus omnibus sit.»

Palladius dixit: «Qui bonum non dicit Christum, male dicit.»

29. Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Christum bonum 794 confiteris? Nam et ego bonus sum. Mihi dixit:  Euge, serve bone (Matth. XXV, 20), et:  Homo bonus profert de thesauro suo bona » (Luc. VI, 45).

Palladius dixit: «Jam dixi, vobis non respondeo usque ad plenum concilium.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Judaei dicebant quia bonus est (Joan. VII, 12): et Arius negat quia Filius Dei bonus est.»

Palladius dixit: «Quis potest hot negare?»  0925B Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Bonus est ergo Deus Filius Dei.»

Palladius dixit: «Bonus Pater bonum Filium genuit.»

30. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Et nos bonos genuit (Gen. I, 31); sed non secundum divinitatem. Deum bonum Dei Filium dicis.»

Palladius dixit: «Filius Dei bonus est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Vides ergo quia Christum bonum, bonum filium, non bonum Deum dicis; quod a te quaeritur.» Et addidit: «Qui bonum Filium Dei Deum non confitetur, anathema.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema.»

31. Item recitavit: «Solum potentem.»

 0925C Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Potens est Filius Dei, an non?»

Palladius dixit: «Qui omnia fecit, non est potens? Qui omnia fecit, minus potest?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ergo Arius male dixit.» Et addidit: «Vel in hoc damnas Arium?»

Palladius dixit: «Unde scio qui sit? Ego pro me respondeo tibi.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Filius Domini Dei Deus potens est?»

Palladius dixit: «Potens.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Deus bonus est?»

Palladius dixit: «Jam dixi Filium Dei unigenitum esse potentem.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Dominum potentem.»

 0925D Palladius dixit: «Filium Dei potentem.»

32. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Potentes et homines sunt; scriptum est enim:  Quid gloriaris in malitia, qui potens es in iniquitate (Psal. LI, 3)? Et alibi:  Cum infirmor, tunc potens sum (II Cor. XII, 10). Illud a te requiro, ut confitearis Dominum potentem esse Christum Dei Filium: aut si negas, astrue. Nam qui unam potentiam dico Patris et  0926A Filii, sic Filium Dei dico potentem sicut et Patrem. Dubitas ergo confiteri Dominum potentem esse Dei Filium?»

Palladius dixit: «Jam dixi, secundum disputationem, prout possumus, respondemus vobis; vos enim soli vultis esse judices: vos litigatores esse vultis. Non vobis respondemus nunc, sed in concilio generali et pleno respondebimus vobis.

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Anathema illi, qui negat Dominum potentem Christum.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema.»

33. Item recitatum est: «Solum potentem, omnium judicem.»

Palladius dixit: «Omnium judicem Filium Dei. Est qui dat, est qui accipit.»

 0926B Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Per gratiam dedit, 795 an per naturam? Et hominibus datur judicium.»

Palladius dixit: «Patrem majorem dicis, an non?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Postea respondebo tibi.»

Palladius dixit: «Ego tibi non respondeo, si non respondes mihi.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Nisi impietatem Arii ex ordine damnaveris, interrogandi non tibi dabimus facultatem.»

Palladius dixit: «Non tibi respondeo.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Filius Dei, sicut lectum est, judex est, an non?»

 0926C Palladius dixit: «Si non respondes mihi, ego tibi, ut impio, non respondeo.»

34. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Habes professionem meam, qua respondebo tibi, Interim perlegatur epistola Arii.» Et addidit: «In epistola Arii invenies et hoc sacrilegium, quod tu moliris.»

Palladius dixit: «Ego qui interrogo, non respondetis?»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Filium Dei Deum aequalem dicimus.»

Palladius dixit: «Tu judex es, tui exceptores hic sunt.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Scribant tui, qui volunt.»

 0926D 35. Palladius dixit: «Pater major est, an non?»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Secundum divinitatem aequalis est Filius Patri. Habes in Evangelio quod Judaei persequebantur eum; quia non solum solvebat sabbatum, sed et Patrem suum dicebat Deum, aequalem se faciens Deo (Joan. V, 18). Quod ergo impii persequentes confessi sunt, nos credentes negare non possumus.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: Et alibi habes: «  Qui   0927A   cum esset in forma Dei, non rapinam arbitratus est esse se aequalem Deo; sed semet ipsum exinanivit, formam servi accipiens, in similitudinem hominum factus obediens usque ad mortem  » (Philip. II, 6). Et «addidit: Vides quia in forma Dei aequalis est? Et  formam, inquit,  servi accepit (Ibid.). In quo ergo minor est? Secundum formam utique servi, non Dei.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Sicut in forma servi constitutus, inferior servo non fuit: ita in forma Dei constitutus, inferior Deo esse non potuit.»

36. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Aut dic quia secundum divinitatem minor est Filius Dei.»

Palladius dixit: «Pater major est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Secundum carnem.»

 0927B Palladius dixit: «  Qui me misit, major est me (Joan. XIV, 27). Caro missa est a Deo, aut Filius Dei?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Falsari a vobis divinas Scripturas hodie comprobamus; sic enim scriptum est:  Pacem meam do vobis, pacem meam relinquo vobis.   Non turbetur cor vestrum: non quomodo hic mundus dat, ego do vobis. Si diligeretis me, gauderetis quia dixi, vado ad Patrem; quia Pater major me est.  Non dixit: Qui me misit, major me est» (Ibid.).

Palladius dixit: «Pater major est.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Anathema illi, qui divinis Scripturis addit aliquid, aut minuit.»

 0927C 796 Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema.»

37. Palladius dixit: «Pater major est Filio.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Secundum carnem Filius minor est Patre, secundum divinitatem aequalis est Patri: legi igitur Dei Filium aequalem Patri, sicut jam et prolata exemplaria testantur (Psal. CXV, 16). Secundum carnem autem quid miraris minorem; cum dixerit se servum (Matth. XXI, 42), cum dixerit se lapidem, cum dixerit se vermem (Psal. XXI, 7), cum dixerit se minorem angelis; quia scriptum est:  Minorasti eum paulo minus ab angelis » (Psal. VIII, 6).

Palladius dixit: «Impie vos asserentes video: non respondemus vobis sine auditoribus.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Nemo requirat ab eo  0927D sententiam, qui tam innumeris sententiis blasphemavit.»

Palladius dixit: «Non vobis respondemus.»

38. Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Ab omnibus jam damnatus est Palladius: Arii blasphemiae multo minores sunt quam Palladii. Et cum Palladius surrexisset, atque foras exire voluisset: Ideo, inquit surrexit Palladius, quoniam apertis Scripturarum testimoniis convincendum esse se cernit, sicut jam convictus est; sic enim lectum est, secundum divinitatem  0928A quod aequalis Patri Filius sit. Accipiat autem quia Filius Dei secundum divinitatem majorem non habet. Scriptum est:  Abrahae cum repromisisset Deus . . . quoniam nullum alium habebat majorem, per quem juraret, juravit per semet ipsum (Hebr. VI, 13). Vides igitur Scripturam, quia nullum alium majorem habet, per quem juraret. Filius autem est, de quo dicitur quoniam ipse visus est Abrahae; unde et ait:  Abraham diem meum vidit, et gavisus est (Joan. VIII, 56).

Palladius dixit: «Pater major est.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Quando ut Deus locutus est, majorem non habuit: quando ut homo locutus, majorem habuit.»

39. Palladius dixit: «Pater genuit Filium, Pater  0928B misit Filium.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Anathema illi, qui negat Filium secundum divinitatem aequalem Patri.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema.»

Palladius dixit: «Filius subjectus Patri, Filius praecepta Patris custodit.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Subjectus secundum carnis rationem. Caeterum et ipse meministi quia legisti:  Nemo venit ad me nisi quem Pater attraxerit » (Joan. VI, 44).

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Dicat si secundum divinitatem subjectus est Patri, an secundum incarnationem?»

40. Palladius dixit: «Ergo Pater major est.»

 0928C Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Et alibi scriptum est: Fidelis Deus, per quem vocati estis in communionem Filii ejus (I Cor. I, 9). Ego dico Patrem majorem esse secundum carnis assumptionem, quam suscepit Filius Dei, non secundum divinitatem.»

Palladius dixit: «Quae enim comparatio est Filii Dei? Et caro potest dicere: Deus me major est? Caro loquebatur, aut divinitas; quia ibi erat caro?»

797 Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Caro sine anima non loquitur.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Deus in carne loquebatur secundum carnem, quando dicebat:  Quid me persequimini hominem (Joan. VIII, 40)? Quis hoc dixit?»

 0928D Palladius dixit: «Filius Dei.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Deus ergo Filius Dei est secundum divinitatem, et homo est secundum carnem.»

Palladius dixit: «Carnem suscepit.»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Ergo humanis verbis usus est.»

Palladius dixit: «Carnem humanam suscepit.»

41. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Dicat quia non secundum divinitatem Apostolus dixit subjectum,  0929A sed secundum carnem; scriptum est enim:  Humiliavit semetipsum, factus obediens usque ad mortem (Philip. II, 8). In quo ergo mortem gustavit?»

Palladius dixit: «Quia se humiliavit.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Non divinitas, sed caro humiliata est atque subjecta.» Et addidit: «Creaturam perfectam bene dixit Arius, an male dixit?»

Palladius dixit: «Ego tibi non respondeo auctoritatem non habenti.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Profitere quod vis?»

Palladius dixit: «Non respondeo vobis.»

42. Sabinus episcopus dixit: « Pro Ario non respondes, ad interrogata non respondes?»

Palladius dixit: «Pro Ario ego non respondi.»

 0929B Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Usque adeo respondisti, ut Filium Dei negares potentem, negares verum Deum.»

Palladius dixit: «Ego te judicem non patior, quem impietatis arguo.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Ipse nos coegisti sedere.»

Palladius dixit: «Mandavi ut sederetis, ut arguerem vos. Quare subripuistis imperatori? Ut plenum concilium non esset, obripuistis.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Cum Arii impietates legerentur, et impietas tua pariter condemnata est, quae consensit Arianae impietati. Placuit tibi in epistola media lectionem proponere, quam volebas: responsum tibi est quemadmodum Filius Patrem  0929C majorem dixerit, eo quod secundum carnis susceptionem Pater major est eo. Proposuisti etiam subjectum esse Filium Dei; et in hoc responsum tibi est, quia subjectus Filius Dei secundum carnem est, non secundum divinitatem. Habes professionem nostram, nunc audi caetera. Quoniam tibi responsum est, responde ad ea, quae leguntur.»

43. Palladius dixit: «Non tibi respondeo; quia quaecumque ego dixi, non sunt scripta: vestra tantummodo scribuntur verba: non vobis respondeo.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Omnia vides scribi. Denique quae scripta sunt, abundant ad tuae impietatis indicium.» Et addidit: «Creaturam dicis Christum, an negas?»

Palladius dixit: «Non respondeo.»

 0929D 798 Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Ante horam citra actam, cum legeretur quia Arius dixit creaturam Christum, negasti: oblatum est tibi, ut damnares perfidiam, noluisti: vel nunc dic utrum natus ex Patre Christus sit, an creatus?»

 0930A Palladius dixit: Si vultis, exceptores nostri veniant, et sic totum excipiatur.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Adducat suos exceptores.»

Palladius dixit: «Pleno concilio vobis respondebimus.»

44. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Attalus in tractatu Nicaeni concilii subscripsit. Neget factum, quia venit ad concilium. Dicat hodie utrum subscripserit in tractatu Nicaeni concilii, an non.» Cumque Attalus reticeret, Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Attalus presbyter licet inter Arianos sit, tamen habet auctoritatem loquendi: libere profiteatur utrum subscripserit in tractatu Nicaeni concilii sub episcopo suo Agrippino, an non.»

Attalus dixit: «Jam dixisti me aliquoties damnatum:  0930B non tibi respondeo.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Subscripsisti in tractatu concilii Nicaeni, an non?»

Attalus dixit: «Non tibi respondeo.»

45. Palladius dixit: «Modo vultis tractatum plenum haberi, an non?»

Chromatius presbyter dixit: « Creaturam non negasti, potentem negasti. Omnia negasti, quae fides catholica profitetur.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Testes sumus nos Attalum subscripsisse in concilio Nicaeno, et nunc nolle respondere. Quid cunctis videtur?

Cumque Attalus reticeret, Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Dicat utrum subscripserit in tractatu concilii Nicaeni, an non?»

 0930C 46. Palladius dixit: «Exceptor vester et noster stent, et omnia scribant.»

Valerianus episcopus dixit: «Jam quae dixisti, et quae negasti, scripta sunt omnia.»

Palladius dixit: «Dicite quod vultis.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Quia saepius vult damnari Palladius, qui jam frequenter damnatus est, lego epistolam Arii, quam ille noluit condemnare: profitemini quid vobis videtur?»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Legatur.» Et recitata est: «Nato autem non putative,» et reliqua.

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Respondi tibi de majore, respondi tibi et de subjecto: nunc et ipse responde.»

47. Palladius dixit: Non respondebo nisi auditores  0930D veniant post Dominicam diem.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Veneras tractaturus, sed posteaquam objeci tibi, vidisti epistolam Arii, quam damnare noluisti, asserere autem non potes; idcirco nunc refugis et cavillaris. Plenarie ipsam recito ad singula. Dic utrum Christus  0931A creatus videatur; an fuit, quando non fuit: an vero semper fuit unigenitus Dei Filius? 799 Cum Arii epistolam audieris, aut damna, aut proba.»

48. Palladius dixit: «Cum impietatis te arguam, te judice non utor. Transgressor es.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Quas impietates objicis fratri nostro et consacerdoti nostro Ambrosio, dicito.»

Palladius dixit: «Jam vobis dixi, pleno concilio respondebo, et praesentibus auditoribus.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «In consessu fratrum meorum cupio confutari et redargui. Quae igitur impie dixerim, dicito: sed impius tibi videor, qui pietatem astruo.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Ergo impius tibi videtur, qui Arii blasphemias arguit?»

 0931B 49. Palladius dixit: « Ego non negavi bonum Filium Dei.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Dicis ergo Christum Deum bonum?»

Palladius dixit: «Non vobis respondeo.»

Valerianus episcopus dixit: «Nolite multum adigere Palladium, non potest vera nostra simpliciter confiteri. Ipsius enim conscientia duplici blasphemia confusa est; nam a Photinianis est ordinatus, et cum ipsis est damnatus: et nunc plenius damnabitur.

Palladius dixit: «Hoc proba.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Non aliter poterat Christum verum negare, nisi auctores suos sequeretur.»

 0931C 50. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Objecisti me esse impium, hoc proba.»

Palladius dixit: «Expositionem nostram afferemus; cum autem attulerimus, tunc disputatio habebitur.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Damna impietatem Arii.»

Cum reticeret Palladius, Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Superfluis immoratur. Tot impietates Arii Palladius noluit condemnare, immo potius asserendo confessus est. Hunc qui non damnat, similis illius est, et haereticus jure dicendus est.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «A nobis omnibus anathema sit Palladio.»

51. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Acquiescis,  0931D Palladi, ut caetera legantur Arii.»

Palladius dixit: «Date auditores: veniant et ex  0932A utraque parte exceptores. Non potestis esse judices, si auditores non habuerimus; et nisi ex utraque parte venerint, qui audiant, non vobis respondemus.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Quos quaeris auditores?»

800 Palladius dixit: «Sunt hic viri honorati multi.»

Sabinus episcopus dixit: «Post tot blasphemias auditores petis?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Sacerdotes de laicis judicare debent, non laici de sacerdotibus. Sed tamen quos judices petas, dicito.»

Palladius dixit: «Auditores veniant.»

Chromatius presbyter dixit: «Salva condemnatione sacerdotali, quin et qui Palladii sunt, etiam  0932B nunc in pleno legantur.»

52. Palladius dixit: «Non permittuntur loqui. Auditores veniant, et ex utraque parte exceptores, et respondebunt vobis hi in concilio generali.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Etsi in multis impietatibus deprehensus sit, erubescemus tamen. ut videatur qui sacerdotium sibi vindicat, a laicis esse damnatus: ac per hoc quoque et in hoc ipso damnandus est, qui laicorum exspectat sententiam; cum magis de laicis sacerdotes debeant judicare. Juxta ea quae hodie audivimus Palladium profitentem, et juxta ea quae condemnare noluit, pronuntio illum sacerdotio indignum et carendum, ut in loco ejus catholicus ordinetur.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Anathema Palladio.»

 0932C 53. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Imperator clementissimus et christianus sacerdotum judicio causam, et ut ipsi arbitri essent altercationis, inquit, constituissemus. Quoniam igitur nobis judicium videtur delatum interpretes esse Scripturarum, condemnenus Palladium, qui impii Arii noluit damnare sententiam: et quia ipse Filium Dei sempiternum, et caetera quae actis inhaerent, negavit. Ergo anathema habeatur.»

Omnes episcopi dixerunt: «Omnes condemnamus eum, anathema habeatur.»

 Patrum singulorum in Palladium condemnatio. 

54. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Quoniam omnes consistunt viri christiani, et Deo probati fratres, et consacerdotes nostri, dicat unusquisque quid  0932D sibi videatur.

Valerianus episcopus dixit: «Mihi quidem videtur,  0933A quia qui Arium defendit, Arianus est: qui blasphemias ejus non condemnat, ipse blasphemus est; ideoque hujusmodi hominem a consortio sacerdotum censeo esse alienum.»

Palladius dixit: «Coepistis ludere, ludite. Sine concilio orientali vobis non respondemus.»

55. Anemius episcopus Sirmiensis dixit: «Quicumque haereses Arianas non condemnat, Arianus sit necesse est. Hunc igitur alienum etiam a 801 nostra communione, et sacerdotali coetu denuo privatum esse censemus.»

Constantius episcopus Arausicus dixit: «Palladium Arii discipulum, cnjus impietates jam olim damnatae sunt a patribus nostris in concilio Nicaeno, et nunc hodie probatae, cum recenserentur, a Palladio  0933B singulae; quia non confusus est dum Dei filium a Deo Patre esse alienum, cum creaturam confitetur: cum temporalem coepisse dicit, Dominum verum negat, in sempiternum censeo esse damnandum.»

56. Justus episcopus dixit: «Palladium, qui blasphemias Arii damnare noluit, sed etiam magis has confiteri videtur, censeo ulterius sacerdotem dici non posse, nec inter episcopos deputari.»

Eventius episcopus Ticiniensis dixit: «Palladium, qui impietatem Arii damnare noluit, arbitror a consortio sacerdotali in perpetuum esse remotum.

57. Abundantius episcopus Tridentinus dixit: «Cum evidentes blasphemias Palladius defendat, damnatum se ex concilio Aquileiensi cognoscat.»

Eusebius episcopus Bononiensis dixit: «Quia  0934A impietates Arii diabolico stylo conscriptas, quas non licebat nec ad aures admittere, Palladius non solum noluit condemnare; sed et earum exstitit assertor, negando Filium Dei Dominum verum, Dominum bonum, Dominum sapientem, Domicum sempiternum, hunc a coetu sacerdotali, et mea sententia et omnium catholicorum judicio arbitror jure esse damnatum.»

58. Sabinus episcopus Placentinus dixit: «Quoniam cunctis patefactum est, Palladium, qui Arianae perfidiae auctor est, etiam ejus impietatem tenere, quae contra evangelica et apostolica instituta venit, justa in eum totius concilii illata sententia est, qui meae licet parvitatis sententia sacerdotio denuo privatus, ex hoc sacrosancto coetu jure pellatur.»

 0934B Felix et Numidius legati Afrorum dixerunt: «Arianae heresis sectae in qua in Aquileiensi synodo Palladius declaratus est, anathema. Sed et eos qui contra veritatem Nicaenae synodi repugnantes sunt, condemnamus.»

59. Limenius episcopus Vercellensis dixit: «Arianam doctrinam saepe esse damnatam manifestum est; et ideo Palladius conventus in hac sacra synodo Aquileiensi, quia noluit se corrigere vel emendare: sed magis probavit reprehensibilem, et se oletavit perfidia, quam se publice confessus est tenere, hunc 802 sententia mea et ego profiteor a consortio sacerdotali esse privandum.»

Maximus episcopus Emonensis dixit: «Palladium,  0935A qui blasphemias Arii nec damnare voluit, sed magis ipse confessus est, juste ac merito esse damnatum, et Deus novit, et fidelium conscientia condemnavit.»

60. Exuperantius episcopus Dertonensis dixit: «Palladium, qui sectam Arii vel ejus doctrinam damnare noluit, sed defendit, ut caeteri consortes mei damnaverunt, etiam et ego condemno.»

Bassianus episcopus Laudensis dixit: «Audivi sicut et caeteri consortes mei, impietates Arii, quas Palladius non solum non condemnavit, sed confirmavit: hic anathema sit, et sacerdotio privabitur.»

61. Philaster episcopus Brixianus dixit: «Blasphemias et iniquitatem Palladii, qui Arianam doctrinam sequitur et defendit, una cum omnibus ego  0935B condemnavi.»

Constantius episcopus Sciscianensis dixit: «Palladium, qui blasphemias et impietates Arii non condemnavit, sicut et caeteri consacerdotes mei, et ego censeo damnandum.»

Heliodorus episcopus Altiniensis dixit: «Qui perfidiam Arii omniumque haereticorum, quorum consors est Palladius, cujus insipiens cor, qui veritatem non est confessus, cum caeteris consacerdotibus meis condemno.»

62. Felix episcopus Jadertinus dixit: «Palladium, qui blasphemias dicit in Filium sicut Arius, cum omnibus pariter condemno.»

Theodorus episcopus Octodorensis dixit: «Palladium, qui Christum Deum verum, coaeternum Patri  0935C negavit, nec christianum hunc, nec sacerdotem ullo modo censemus.»

Dominus episcopus Gratianopolitanus dixit: «Palladium in perfidia Arii permanentem in perpetuum, sicut et fratres damnaverunt, etiam et ego censeo esse damnandum.»

63. Proculus episcopus Massiliensis dixit: «Palladium, qui Arii blasphemias sub quadam impia haereditate non condemnando defendit, sicut hunc et plurimorum jam venerabilium sacerdotum sententia blasphemum designavit, atque a sacerdotio alienum dixit, ita mea pariter sententia in perpetuum condemnatum designat.»

Diogenes episcopus Genuensis dixit: «Palladium,  0936A qui Christum Dominum Deum verum similem et 803 aequalem Patri dum non confitetur, immo negavit, damnationem judico cum caeteris fratribus meis consacerdotibus sortiri.»

64. Amantius episcopus Niciensis dixit: «Palladium, qui sectam Arii non destruxit, secundum consacerdotum meorum judicium etiam et ego condemno.»

Januarius episcopus dixit: «Sicut omnes consacerdotes mei damnaverunt Palladium, ita et ego pari judicio eum censeo esse damnandum.»

 Secundianus Christum agnoscere Deum verum interpellatus eadem, qua Palladius, cavillatione conatur Patres ludificari. 

 0936B 65. Et cum Secundianus subripuisset, Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Audisti, Secundiane, cujusmodi Palladius impius sententiam, sacerdotali concilio damnatus exceperit; licet displicuerit nobis quod ejus, hoc est, Palladii non horrueris amentiam, tamen de te aliqua specialiter quaero. Utrum Dei Filium Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum, verum vel non verum Deum dicas?»

Secundianus dixit: «Qui negat Deum verum esse Patrem Domini et Dei nostri Jesu Christi, non est christianus: nec qui negat Dominum Filium Dei verum.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Deum verum Dei Filium confiteris?»

Secundianus dixit: «Verum Dei Filium, unigenitum  0936C Dei Filium verum dico.»

66. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Verum Dominum dicis?»

Secundianus dixit: «Verum unigenitum Filium: quis negat verum Filium Dei?»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Non sufficit quod Filium Dei unigenitum confiteris; nam hoc omnes confitentur: sed hoc movet, quod Arius dixit Dominum solum Patrem, solum verum: negavit Filium Dei Dominum verum. Simpliciter Filium Dei Deum verum confiteris?»

Secundianus dixit: «Quis fuerit Arius, ignoro: quid dixerit nescio. Mecum loqueris vivus ad vivum. Illud dico quod Christus dixit:  Unigenitum qui est   0937A   in sinu Patris (Joan. I, 18); ergo unigenitum Filium se asserit Patris: Filius igitur unigenitus est Dei Filius verus.»

67. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Deus verus est, verus Dei Filius Deus?» Et addidit: «In divinis libris scriptum est:  Quia qui jurant super terram,   jurabunt Deum verum (Esai. LXVI, 16). Quod utique de Christo esse non dubium est. Nos ergo verum Deum profitemur: et fides nostra haec est, et professio, quia unigenitus Patris Filius est verus Deus. Dic et tu de Deo vero, deinde Filium Deum verum.»

Secundianus dicit: «De Deo vero.»

804 68. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Filius Dei Deus verus est?»

 0937B Secundianus dixit: « Ergo mendax.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «In hoc fraudem facis, ut non Deum verum dicas, sed Deum unigenitum verum, ac per hoc dic simpliciter: Unigenitus Dei Filius Deus verus est.»

Secundianus dixit: «Unigenitum dixi Dei Filium.»

69. Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Hoc Photinus non negat, hoc Sabellius confitetur.»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Et qui hoc non confitetur, jure damnatur; ac per hoc saepe te convenio, licet cavillando negaveris veritatem. Non quaero ut tantummodo unigenitum verum Filium dicas Dei, sed etiam Deum verum.»

Secundianus dixit: Veritatis me servum profiteor.  0937C Quae dico, non scribuntur: et quae dicis, scribuntur. Christum verum Dei Filium dico. Quis negat Filium Dei verum esse?»

70. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: « Qui negat Deum verum unigenitum Dei Filium, anathema sit.»

Secundianus dixit: «Deum verum unigenitum Filium Dei: Quid mihi profiteris, quod non est scriptum?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Apertum sacrilegium est, quando Christum Dei Filium Arius Deum verum negavit.»

Secundianus dixit: «Jesum Christum Filium Dei Deum, qui Christus dicatur Filius verus, Filium Dei dico: sed verum Deum non est scriptum.»

 0937D 71. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Nondum resipuisti?» Et adjecit: «Ne quid illi videatur esse  0938A subreptum, confirmet sententiam suam. Dicat ergo unigenitum Christum Dei Filium Deum verum.»

Secundianus dixit: «Jam dixi. Quid mihi extorquere vis amplius?»

Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Quid dixisti? Certe si dixisses tanta, quod gloriose dicitur, saepe repetendum est.»

Secundianus dixit: «Dictum est:  Sit sermo vester, est est, non non (Matth. V, 37).»

72. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Qui dicit ipsum Patrem Filium, sacrilegus est. Hoc a te quaero, ut dicas de Deo vero Deum verum Dei Filium natum.»

Secundianus dixit: «Ego Filium a Deo genitum,  0938B dicente ipso:  Genui te (Psal. CIX, 3); et confitentem se genitum esse, dico.»

73. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «A Deo vero Deus verus est?»

Secundianus dixit: «Et cum nomini etiam addis, et verum, audis qualis in te fides sit, et christianus es?»

Eusebius episcopus dixit: «Qui negavit illum Deum verum? Arius et Palladius negavit. Tu si Deum 805 verum credis, debes simpliciter designare.

74. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: «Si non dixeris Deum verum de Deo vero natum esse, Christum negasti.»

Secundianus dixit: «Interrogatus de Filio, dedi responsum: quemadmodum deberem profiteri, respondi.  0938C Habemus vestram expositionem, afferemus, legatur.»

Ambrosius dixit: «Hodie afferre debueras, caeterum tu subterfugere conaris. Professionem a me exigis; et professionem a te exigo. Deus verus est Dei Filius?»

Secundianus dixit: «Unigenitus est Deus Dei Filius. Et ego eum interrogo: Unigenitus est?»

75. Ambrosius episcopus dixit: Ratio permoveat «nos, et impietas et insipientia tua. Cum dicis Deum verum unigenitum, non Deum verum dicis: sed verum unigenitum. Ac per hoc, ut istam adimas quaestionem, ita responde: Ex Deo vero Deus verus est?»

Secundianus dixit: «Ergo Deus Deum non genuit?  0938D Deus verus ille qui est, quod est, genuit; unum verum, unigenitum Filium genuit?»

 0939A Ambrosius dixit: «Non confiteris Deum verum, sed vis dicere verum unigenitum. Et ego unigenitum dico, sed et Deum verum.»

Secundianus dixit: «Ego dico genitum a Patre, verum genitum dico omnibus.»

 Episcoporum et presbyterorum qui concilio interfuerunt, nomina. 

76. Valerianus episcopus Aquileiensis. Ambrosius episcopus Mediolanensis. Eusebius episcopus Bononiensis. Limenius episcopus Vercellensis. Anemius episcopus Sirmiensis Illyrici. Sabinus episcopus Placentinus. Abundantius episcopus Tridentinus.  0939B Philaster episcopus Brixianus. Constantinus episcopus Arausicus, legatus Gallorum. Theodorus episcopus Octodorensis. Dominus episcopus Gratianopolitanus. Amantius episcopus Niciensis. Maximus episcopus Emonensis. Bassianus episcopus Laudensis. Proculus episcopus Massiliensis, legatus Gallorum. Heliodorus episcopus Altiniensis. Felix episcopus Jadertinus. Eventius episcopus Ticiniensis. Exsuperantius episcopus Dertonensis. Diogenes episcopus Genuensis.  0939C Constantius episcopus Scisciensis. Justus episcopus Lugdunensis, alius legatus Gallorum. Felix legatus Afrorum. Numidius legatus Afrorum. Evagrius presbyter et legatus.

Artemius, Almachius, Januarius, Jovinus, Macedonius, Cassianus, Marcellus, Eustathius, Maximus, Chromatius presbyter.