LETTER XXXVI. 

S.Ambrose continues, in reply to a question of Horontianus, his discussion of the passage of S. Paul, and explains what are his ' groanings unutterable.'

AMBROSE TO HORONTIANUS.

1. Our letters are so linked together that we seem to be holding actual conversation with one another, so well do you with your question and I with my explanations supply subject matter for our correspondence.

2. You have intimated your doubt of what spirit it is said that he  maketh intercession for us with groanings that cannot be uttered. Let us then refer to what has gone before, that the passage may make plain what we are seeking.  Likewise, it is said,  the Spirit helpeth our infirmities. Does it not seem to you that this is the Holy Spirit, for He is our Helper, as He to Whom it is said,  Thou hast been my succour, leave me not neither forsake me, O God of my salvation? 

3. For what other Spirit could teach Paul how to pray? The Spirit of Christ, like Christ Himself, teaches His disciples to pray, for who could teach us, after Christ, but His Spirit, Whom He sent to teach us, and to direct our prayers,  for we pray with the Spirit and we pray with the understanding also. That the understanding may pray well, the Spirit goes before and  leads it forth into the right way, so as to prevent carnal things, or what either falls below or exceeds its strength, from secretly stealing over it.  For the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal. It is written also, Seek great things, and small things shall be added unto you; seek heavenly things, and earthly things shall be added unto you.

4. Wherefore He wishes us to seek greater things, not to linger upon earth. And He knows what to bestow upon us,  dividing unto every man severally as He will. Sometimes, knowing our capacity, which we are ignorant of, He says to us,  Ye cannot receive it now. I ask for myself the sufferings of martyrdom,  the Holy  Spirit is willing, but sees the weakness of my flesh, and lest, while I seek for greater things I should lose what is less, says to me, 'Thou canst not bear this.  ^' What opportunities have I not had, and yet when near the goal I have been held back  ^{04-17 17. a S. Ambrose is evidently referring to his mission to Maximus, and the persecution of Justina.} . The good physican knows what food is suitable to each disease, and to each season, for the benefit of health. Sometimes food seasonably taken restores health; but if a man eat food unseasonably or of an improper kind, it is dangerous to him.

5. Therefore since we know not what to pray for, nor how to pray, the Holy Spirit prays for us; for He is the Spirit of Jesus our Advocate, and He prays with groans unutterable, for Christ also mourns for us. And God the Father says,  My bowels, My bowels, I am pained at the very heart. We often read too of Him as being indignant and grieved. He groans to take away our sins, and to teach us to do penance. For there are pious groans, and of prevailing power with God, whereof the Prophet speaks,  And my groaning is not hid from Thee. For he did not hide himself, like Adam, but said, Behold I am the shepherd,  but these sheep, what have they done? it is I that have sinned, let Thine hand be on me. 

6. Hence then cometh the groaning of the Spirit of God, and those groans of the Prophet  04-18 18. b There is another reading of several MSS., 'et ille profecto gemitus,' which seems to offer a better sense, 'and that groaning is indeed truly unutterable, etc' , truly unutterable because they are divine. So those words which Paul heard in heaven are  unspeakable, which it is not lawful for a man to utter, but what is hidden from man is known to God. Now He Who is the Searcher of hearts knows all things, but the things which He searches are those which the Spirit hath cleansed. God therefore knoweth what the Spirit prays for, and what is the wisdom of the Spirit Which intercedes for the saints, as it is written,  For the Spirit maketh intercession for us. For those for whom Christ suffered, and whom He cleansed by His Blood, for them the Spirit also intercedes.

Farewell: love me as a Son, for I too love you.

929 EPISTOLA XXXVI.

 Roganti quemnam spiritum Paulus scripserit postulare pro nobis gemitibus inenarrabilibus,  respondetur non alium denotari nisi Spiritum sanctum, qui et orationes nostras dirigit, et gemit pro delictis nostris, gemitu inenarrabili, hoc est, coelesti. 

AMBROSIUS HORONTIANO.

 1082B 

1. Concatenantur sibi epistolae nostrae, ut tamquam inter praesentes videamur sermonem caedere: ita ego ex tua interrogatione, tuque ex mea explanatione epistolis scribendis materiam damus.

2. Moveri enim te indicasti de quo spiritu dictum sit:  Quia postulat pro nobis gemitibus inenarrabilibus (Rom. VIII, 26). Superiora igitur repetamus; ut lectio manifestet, quod quaerimus:  Similiter, inquit,  et Spiritus adjuvat infirmitatem nostrae orationis (Ib.). Nonne tibi videtur Spiritus sanctus, quia adjutor nobis est, sicut ille cui dicitur:  Adjutor meus es tu, ne derelinquas me, neque despicias me, Deus salutaris meus (Ps. XXVI, 9).

3. Quis enim alius spiritus, qui possit docere Paulum quid oraret? Docet autem Spiritus Christi,  1082C sicut et Christus, orare discipulos suos (Luc. XI, 1). Quis autem post Christum doceret, nisi Spiritus ejus, quem ipse misit, ut doceret, et dirigeret nostras orationes: oramus enim Spiritu, oramus et mente (I Cor. XIV, 15). Ut bene mens possit orare, praecedit Spiritus, et deducit eam in viam rectam (Psal. CXLII, 11); ne obrepant carnalia, ne minora, ne etiam majora viribus:  Unicuique enim datur manifestatio Spiritus ad utilitatem (I Cor. XII, 7). Denique scriptum est: Petite magna, et parva adjicientur vobis. Petite coelestia, et terrena adjicientur (Mat. VI, 33).

4. Ergo vult nos majora petere, non in terrenis morari. Ille autem scit quid tribuat,  dividens singulis, prout vult (I Cor. XII, 11). Dicit enim interdum, sciens mensuram, quam nos ignoramus: Non potestis haec  1082D modo accipere. Peto mihi passionem martyrii, Spiritus sanctus promptus est (Matth. XXVI, 41): sed videns infirmum carnis meae, ne dum majora cupio, minora amittam, dicit: Non potes haec accipere. Quales occasiones habui: et de ipso prope fine revocatus sum? Novit enim bonus medicus quae esca cui  1083A apta sit infirmitati, et cui tempori ad profectum valetudinis. Interdum opportunitas escae sanitatem reddit: quod si importune aliquis accipiat, aut non convenientem, implicatur periculo.

5. Ergo quia nos nescimus quid oremus, et quomodo oporteat, postulat pro nobis Spiritus sanctus (Rom. VIII, 26); est enim Spiritus advocati nostri Jesu: et postulat gemitibus ineffabilibus; dolet enim pro nobis et Christus (Esai. LIII, 4). Et Deus Pater dicit: 930  Ventrem meum doleo (Jerem. IV, 19). Et frequenter indignantem eum legimus et dolentem. Gemit autem, ut auferat peccata nostra, doceat nos agere poenitentiam. Est enim pius gemitus, et plenus auctoritatis, de quo dicit Propheta:  Et gemitus meus non est absconditus a te (Psal. XXXVII, 10). Non  1083B enim latebat ut Adam, sed dicebat:  Ecce ego pastor, et grex iste quid deliquit? Ego peccavi, in me vindica (I Par. XXI, 17).

6. Ex hoc igitur gemitus Spiritus Dei; et ille Prophetae gemitus, bene ineffabilis; quia coelestis. Ea enim quae in coelo audivit Paulus (II Cor. XII, 4), ineffabilia audivit; ut fari ea homines non debeant: sed quae occulta hominibus, Deo nota sunt. Novit enim omnia, qui scrutator est cordis: sed illa scrutur, quae mundavit Spiritus (Rom. VIII, 27). Novit ergo Deus quid postulet Spiritus et quae Spiritus sapientia sit; quae interpellat pro sanctis, sicut habes:  Quia et Spiritus interpellat pro nobis (Ibid.); pro quibus enim Christus passus est, et quos sanguine mundavit suo, pro iis interpellat et Spiritus. Vale,  1083C et nos ut filius dilige; quia nos te diligimus.