The First Apology of Justin

 Chapter I.—Address.

 Chapter II.—Justice demanded.

 Chapter III.—Claim of judicial investigation.

 Chapter IV.—Christians unjustly condemned for their mere name.

 Chapter V.—Christians charged with atheism.

 Chapter VI.—Charge of atheism refuted.

 Chapter VII.—Each Christian must be tried by his own life.

 Chapter VIII.—Christians confess their faith in God.

 Chapter IX.—Folly of idol worship.

 Chapter X.—How God is to be served.

 Chapter XI.—What kingdom Christians look for.

 Chapter XII.—Christians live as under God’s eye.

 Chapter XIII.—Christians serve God rationally.

 Chapter XIV.—The demons misrepresent Christian doctrine.

 Chapter XV.—What Christ himself taught.

 Chapter XVI.—Concerning patience and swearing.

 Chapter XVII.—Christ taught civil obedience.

 Chapter XVIII.—Proof of immortality and the resurrection.

 Chapter XIX.—The resurrection possible.

 Chapter XX.—Heathen analogies to Christian doctrine.

 Chapter XXI.—Analogies to the history of Christ.

 Chapter XXII.—Analogies to the sonship of Christ.

 Chapter XXIII.—The argument.

 Chapter XXIV.—Varieties of heathen worship.

 Chapter XXV.—False Gods abandoned by Christians.

 Chapter XXVI.—Magicians not trusted by Christians.

 Chapter XXVII.—Guilt of exposing children.

 Chapter XXVIII.—God’s care for men.

 Chapter XXIX.—Continence of Christians.

 Chapter XXX.—Was Christ not a magician?

 Chapter XXXI.—Of the Hebrew prophets.

 Chapter XXXII.—Christ predicted by Moses.

 Chapter XXXIII.—Manner of Christ’s birth predicted.

 Chapter XXXIV.—Place of Christ’s birth foretold.

 Chapter XXXV.—Other fulfilled prophecies.

 Chapter XXXVI.—Different modes of prophecy.

 Chapter XXXVII.—Utterances of the Father.

 Chapter XXXVIII.—Utterances of the Son.

 Chapter XXXIX.—Direct predictions by the Spirit.

 Chapter XL.—Christ’s advent foretold.

 Chapter XLI.—The crucifixion predicted.

 Chapter XLII.—Prophecy using the past tense.

 Chapter XLIII.—Responsibility asserted.

 Chapter XLIV.—Not nullified by prophecy.

 Chapter XLV.—Christ’s session in heaven foretold.

 Chapter XLVI.—The Word in the world before Christ.

 Chapter XLVII.—Desolation of Judæa foretold.

 Chapter XLVIII.—Christ’s work and death foretold.

 Chapter XLIX.—His rejection by the Jews foretold.

 Chapter L.—His humiliation predicted.

 Chapter LI.—The majesty of Christ.

 Chapter LII.—Certain fulfilment of prophecy.

 Chapter LIII.—Summary of the prophecies.

 Chapter LIV.—Origin of heathen mythology.

 Chapter LV.—Symbols of the cross.

 Chapter LVI.—The demons still mislead men.

 Chapter LVII.—And cause persecution.

 Chapter LVIII.—And raise up heretics.

 Chapter LIX.—Plato’s obligation to Moses.

 Chapter LX.—Plato’s doctrine of the cross.

 Chapter LXI.—Christian baptism.

 Chapter LXII.—Its imitation by demons.

 Chapter LXIII.—How God appeared to Moses.

 Chapter LXIV.—Further misrepresentations of the truth.

 Chapter LXV.—Administration of the sacraments.

 Chapter LXVI.—Of the Eucharist.

 Chapter LXVII.—Weekly worship of the Christians.

 Chapter LXVIII.—Conclusion.

 Epistle of Adrian in behalf of the Christians.

 Epistle of Antoninus to the common assembly of Asia.

 Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the senate, in which he testifies that the Christians were the cause of his victory.

Chapter LII.—Certain fulfilment of prophecy.

Since, then, we prove that all things which have already happened had been predicted by the prophets before they came to pass, we must necessarily believe also that those things which are in like manner predicted, but are yet to come to pass, shall certainly happen. For as the things which have already taken place came to pass when foretold, and even though unknown, so shall the things that remain, even though they be unknown and disbelieved, yet come to pass. For the prophets have proclaimed two advents of His: the one, that which is already past, when He came as a dishonoured and suffering Man; but the second, when, according to prophecy, He shall come from heaven with glory, accompanied by His angelic host, when also He shall raise the bodies of all men who have lived, and shall clothe those of the worthy with immortality, and shall send those of the wicked, endued with eternal sensibility, into everlasting fire with the wicked devils. And that these things also have been foretold as yet to be, we will prove. By Ezekiel the prophet it was said: “Joint shall be joined to joint, and bone to bone, and flesh shall grow again; and every knee shall bow to the Lord, and every tongue shall confess Him.”109    Ezek. xxxvii. 7, 8; Isa. xlv. 24. And in what kind of sensation and punishment the wicked are to be, hear from what was said in like manner with reference to this; it is as follows: “Their worm shall not rest, and their fire shall not be quenched;”110    Isa. lxvi. 24. and then shall they repent, when it profits them not. And what the people of the Jews shall say and do, when they see Him coming in glory, has been thus predicted by Zechariah the prophet: “I will command the four winds to gather the scattered children; I will command the north wind to bring them, and the south wind, that it keep not back. And then in Jerusalem there shall be great lamentation, not the lamentation of mouths or of lips, but the lamentation of the heart; and they shall rend not their garments, but their hearts. Tribe by tribe they shall mourn, and then they shall look on Him whom they have pierced; and they shall say, Why, O Lord, hast Thou made us to err from Thy way? The glory which our fathers blessed, has for us been turned into shame.”111    Zech. xii. 3–14; Isa. lxiii. 17, Isa. lxiv. 11.

[52] Ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τὰ γενόμενα ἤδη πάντα ἀποδείκνυμεν πρὶν ἢ γενέσθαι προκεκηρύχθαι διὰ τῶν προφητῶν, ἀνάγκη καὶ περὶ τῶν ὁμοίως προφητευθέντων, μελλόντων δὲ γίνεσθαι, πίστιν ἔχειν ὡς πάντως γενησομένων. ὃν γὰρ τρόπον τὰ ἤδη γενόμενα προκεκηρυγμένα καὶ ἀγνοούμενα ἀπέβη, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τὰ λείποντα, κἂν ἀγνοῆται καὶ ἀπιστῆται, ἀποβήσονται. δύο γὰρ αὐτοῦ παρουσίας προεκήρυξαν οἱ προφῆται: μίαν μέν, τὴν ἤδη γενομένην, ὡς ἀτίμου καὶ παθητοῦ ἀνθρώπου, τὴν δὲ δευτέραν, ὅταν μετὰ δόξης ἐξ οὐρανῶν μετὰ τῆς ἀγγελικῆς αὐτοῦ στρατιᾶς παραγενήσεσθαι κεκήρυκται, ὅτε καὶ τὰ σώματα ἀνεγερεῖ πάντων τῶν γενομένων ἀνθρώπων, καὶ τῶν μὲν ἀξίων ἐνδύσει ἀφθαρσίαν, τῶν δ' ἀδίκων ἐν αἰσθήσει αἰωνίᾳ μετὰ τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων εἰς τὸ αἰώνιον πῦρ πέμψει. ὡς δὲ καὶ ταῦτα προείρηται γενησόμενα, δηλώσομεν. ἐρρέθη δὲ διὰ Ἰεζεκιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου οὕτως: Συναχθήσεται ἁρμονία πρὸς ἁρμονίαν καὶ ὀστέον πρὸς ὀστέον, καὶ σάρκες ἀναφυήσονται. καὶ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψει τῷ κυρίῳ, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται αὐτῷ. ἐν οἵᾳ δὲ αἰσθήσει καὶ κολάσει γενέσθαι μέλλουσιν οἱ ἄδικοι, ἀκούσατε τῶν ὁμοίως εἰς τοῦτο εἰρημένων. ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα: Ὁ σκώληξ αὐτῶν οὐ παυθήσεται, καὶ τὸ πῦρ αὐτῶν οὐ σβεσθήσεται. καὶ τότε μετανοήσουσιν, ὅτε οὐδὲν ὠφελήσουσι. ποῖα δὲ μέλλουσιν οἱ λαοὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων λέγειν καὶ ποιεῖν, ὅταν ἴδωσιν αὐτὸν ἐν δόξῃ παραγενόμενον, διὰ Ζαχαρίου τοῦ προφήτου προφητευθέντα ἐλέχθη οὕτως: Ἐντελοῦμαι τοῖς τέσσαρσιν ἀνέμοις συνάξαι τὰ ἐσκορπισμένα τέκνα, ἐντελοῦμαι τῷ βορρᾷ φέρειν, καὶ τῷ νότῳ μὴ προσκόπτειν. καὶ τότε ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ κοπετὸς μέγας, οὐ κοπετὸς στομάτων ἢ χειλέων, ἀλλὰ κοπετὸς καρδίας, καὶ οὐ μὴ σχίσωσιν αὐτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια, ἀλλὰ τὰς διανοίας. κόψονται φυλὴ πρὸς φυλήν, καὶ τότε ὄψονται εἰς ὃν ἐξεκέντησαν, καὶ ἐροῦσι: Τί, κύριε, ἐπλάνησας ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ σου; ἡ δόξα, ἣν εὐλόγησαν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν, ἐγενήθη ἡμῖν εἰς ὄνειδος.