Augustine of Hippo, The Confessions

51. There remain the delights of these eyes of my flesh, concerning which to make my confessions in the hearing of the ears of Thy temple, those fraternal and devout ears; and so to conclude the temptations of “the lust of the flesh”807 1 John ii. 16. which still assail me, groaning and desiring to be clothed upon with my house from heaven.808 2 Cor. v. 2. The eyes delight in fair and varied forms, and bright and pleasing colours. Suffer not these to take possession of my soul; let God rather possess it, He who made these things “very good”809 Gen. i. 31. indeed; yet is He my good, not these. And these move me while awake, during the day; nor is rest from them granted me, as there is from the voices of melody, sometimes, in silence, from them all. For that queen of colours, the light, flooding all that we look upon, wherever I be during the day, gliding past me in manifold forms, doth soothe me when busied about other things, and not noticing it. And so strongly doth it insinuate itself, that if it be suddenly withdrawn it is looked for longingly, and if long absent doth sadden the mind.

52. O Thou Light, which Tobias saw,810 Tobit iv. when, his eyes being closed, he taught his son the way of life; himself going before with the feet of charity, never going astray. Or that which Isaac saw, when his fleshly “eyes were dim, so that he could not see”811 Gen. xxvii. 1. by reason of old age; it was permitted him, not knowingly to bless his sons, but in blessing them to know them. Or that which Jacob saw, when he too, blind through great age, with an enlightened heart, in the persons of his own sons, threw light upon the races of the future people, presignified in them; and laid his hands, mystically crossed, upon his grandchildren by Joseph, not as their father, looking outwardly, corrected them, but as he himself distinguished them.812 Gen. xlviii. 13–19. This is the light, the only one, and all those who see and love it are one. But that corporeal light of which I was speaking seasoneth the life of the world for her blind lovers, with a tempting and fatal sweetness. But they who know how to praise Thee for it, “O God, the world’s great Architect,”813 From the beginning of the hymn of St. Ambrose, part of which is quoted, ix. sec. 32, above. take it up in Thy hymn, and are not taken up with it814 Assumunt eam, in hymno tuo, non absumuntur ab ea. in their sleep. Such desire I to be. I resist seductions of the eyes, lest my feet with which I advance on Thy way be entangled; and I raise my invisible eyes to Thee, that Thou wouldst be pleased to “pluck my feet out of the net.”815 Ps. xxv. 15. Thou dost continually pluck them out, for they are ensnared. Thou never ceasest to pluck them out, but I, constantly remain fast in the snares set all around me; because Thou “that keepest Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep.”816 Ps. cxxi. 4.

53. What numberless things, made by divers arts and manufactures, both in our apparel, shoes, vessels, and every kind of work, in pictures, too, and sundry images, and these going far beyond necessary and moderate use and holy signification, have men added for the enthralment of the eyes; following outwardly what they make, forsaking inwardly Him by whom they were made, yea, and destroying that which they themselves were made! But I, O my God and my Joy, do hence also sing a hymn unto Thee, and offer a sacrifice of praise unto my Sanctifier,817 Sanctificatori meo, but some mss. have sacreficatori. because those beautiful patterns, which through the medium of men’s souls are conveyed into their artistic hands,818 See xi. sec. 7, and note, below. emanate from that Beauty which is above our souls, which my soul sigheth after day and night. But as for the makers and followers of those outward beauties, they from thence derive the way of approving them, but not of using them.819 See note 6, sec. 40, above. And though they see Him not, yet is He there, that they might not go astray, but keep their strength for Thee,820 Ps. lviii. 10, Vulg. and not dissipate it upon delicious lassitudes. And I, though I both say and perceive this, impede my course with such beauties, but Thou dost rescue me, O Lord, Thou dost rescue me; “for Thy loving-kindness is before mine eyes.”821 Ps. xxvi. 3. For I am taken miserably, and Thou rescuest me mercifully; sometimes not perceiving it, in that I had come upon them hesitatingly; at other times with pain, because I was held fast by them.

CAPUT XXXIV. Ut se gerit ad oculorum illecebras.

51. Restat voluptas oculorum istorum carnis meae, de qua loquar confessiones quas audiant aures templi tui, aures fraternae ac piae, ut concludamus tentationes concupiscentiae carnis, quae me adhuc pulsant ingemiscentem, et habitaculum meum, quod de coelo est, superindui cupientem (II Cor. V, 2). Pulchras formas et varias, nitidos et amoenos colores amant oculi. Non teneant haec animam meam: teneat eam Deus qui fecit haec, bona quidem valde; sed ipse est bonum meum, non haec. Et tangunt me vigilantem totis diebus, nec requies ab eis datur mihi, sicut datur a vocibus canoris, aliquando ab omnibus, in silentio. Ipsa enim regina colorum lux ista, perfundens cuncta quae cernimus, ubiubi per diem fuero, multimodo allapsu blanditur mihi aliud agenti, et eam non 0801 advertenti. Insinuat autem se ita vehementer, ut si repente subtrahatur, cum desiderio requiratur; et si diu absit, contristat animum.

52. O lux quam videbat Tobias, cum clausis oculis istis filium docebat vitae viam, et ei praeibat pede charitatis nusquam errans (Tob. IV). Aut quam videbat Isaac praegravatis et opertis senectute carneis luminibus, cum filios non agnoscendo benedicere, sed benedicendo agnoscere meruit (Gen. XXVII). Aut quam videbat Jacob, cum et ipse prae grandi aetate captus oculis, in filiis praesignata futuri populi genera luminoso corde radiavit; et nepotibus suis ex Joseph divexas mystice manus, non sicut pater eorum foris corrigebat, sed sicut ipse intus discernebat, imposuit (Gen. XLVIII, XLIX). Ipsa est lux, una est , et unum omnes qui vident et amant eam. At ista corporalis de qua loquebar, illecebrosa ac periculosa dulcedine condit vitam saeculi caecis amatoribus. Qui autem et de ipsa laudare te norunt, Deus creator omnium, assumunt eam in hymno tuo, non absumuntur ab ea in somno suo: sic esse cupio. Resisto seductionibus oculorum, ne implicentur pedes mei, quibus ingredior viam tuam; et erigo ad te invisibiles oculos, ut tu evellas de laqueo pedes meos (Psal. XXIV, 15). Tu subinde evellis eos, nam illaqueantur. Tu non cessas evellere, ego autem crebro haereo in ubique sparsis insidiis: quoniam non dormies, neque dormitabis, qui custodis Israel (Psal. CXX, 4).

53. Quam innumerabilia, variis artibus et opificiis, in vestibus, calceamentis, vasis, et cujuscemodi fabricationibus, picturis etiam, diversisque figmentis, atque his usum necessarium atque moderatum et piam significationem longe transgredientibus, addiderunt homines ad illecebras oculorum; foras sequentes quod faciunt, intus relinquentes a quo facti sunt, et exterminantes quod facti sunt! At ego, Deus meus, et decus meum, etiam hinc dico tibi hymnum, et sacrifico laudem sacrificatori meo ; quoniam pulchra trajecta per animas in manus artificiosas, ab illa pulchritudine veniunt, quae super animas est, cui suspirat anima mea die ac nocte. Sed pulchritudinum exteriorum operatores et sectatores inde trahunt approbandi modum, non autem inde trahunt utendi modum. Et ibi est, et non vident eum, ut non eant longius, et fortitudinem suam ad te custodiant (Psal. LVIII, 10), nec eam spargant in deliciosas lassitudines. Ego autem haec loquens atque discernens etiam istis pulchris gressum innecto; sed tu evellis, Domine, evellis tu, quoniam misericordia tua ante oculos meos est (Psal. XXV, 3). Nam et ego capior miserabiliter, et tu evellis misericorditer; aliquando non sentientem, quia suspensius incideram; aliquando cum dolore, quia jam inhaeseram.