Chapter XXIV.—Why God Has Blessed Men, Fishes, Flying Creatures, and Not Herbs and the Other Animals (Ver. 28).

35. But what is this, and what kind of mystery is it? Behold, Thou blessest men, O Lord, that they may “be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth;”1269    Gen. i. 28. in this dost Thou not make a sign unto us that we may understand something? Why hast Thou not also blessed the light, which Thou calledst day, nor the firmament of heaven, nor the lights, nor the stars, nor the earth, nor the sea? I might say, O our God, that Thou, who hast created us after Thine Image,—I might say, that Thou hast willed to bestow this gift of blessing especially upon man, hadst Thou not in like manner blessed the fishes and the whales, that they should be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the waters of the sea, and that the fowls should be multiplied upon the earth. Likewise might I say, that this blessing belonged properly unto such creatures as are propagated from their own kind, if I had found it in the shrubs, and the fruit trees, and beasts of the earth. But now is it not said either unto the herbs, or trees, or beasts, or serpents, “Be fruitful and multiply;” since all these also, as well as fishes, and fowls, and men, do by propagation increase and preserve their kind.

36. What, then, shall I say, O Thou Truth, my Light,—“that it was idly and vainly said?” Not so, O Father of piety; far be it from a minister of Thy word to say this. But if I understand not what Thou meanest by that phrase, let my betters—that is, those more intelligent than I—use it better, in proportion as Thou, O my God, hast given to each to understand. But let my confession be also pleasing before Thine eyes, in which I confess to Thee that I believe, O Lord, that Thou hast not thus spoken in vain; nor will I be silent as to what this lesson suggests to me. For it is true, nor do I see what should prevent me from thus understanding the figurative sayings1270    See p. 92, note 1, above. of Thy books. For I know a thing may be manifoldly signified by bodily expression which is understood in one manner by the mind; and that that may be manifoldly understood in the mind which is in one manner signified by bodily expression. Behold, the single love of God and of our neighbour, by what manifold sacraments and innumerable languages, and in each several language in how innumerable modes of speaking, it is bodily expressed. Thus do the young of the waters increase and multiply. Observe again, whosoever thou art who readest; behold what Scripture delivers, and the voice pronounces in one only way, “In the beginning God created heaven and earth;” is it not manifoldly understood, not by any deceit of error, but by divers kinds of true senses?1271    See p. 189, note 2, above. Thus are the offspring of men “fruitful” and do “multiply.”

37. If, therefore, we conceive of the natures of things, not allegorically, but properly, then does the phrase, “be fruitful and multiply,” correspond to all things which are begotten of seed. But if we treat those words as taken figuratively (the which I rather suppose the Scripture intended, which doth not, verily, superfluously attribute this benediction to the offspring of marine animals and man only), then do we find that “multitude” belongs also to creatures both spiritual and corporeal, as in heaven and in earth; and to souls both righteous and unrighteous, as in light and darkness; and to holy authors, through whom the law has been furnished unto us, as in the firmament1272    See p. 199, note 3, above. which has been firmly placed betwixt waters and waters; and to the society of people yet endued with bitterness, as in the sea; and to the desire of holy souls, as in the dry land; and to works of mercy pertaining to this present life, as in the seed-bearing herbs and fruit-bearing trees; and to spiritual gifts shining forth for edification, as in the lights of heaven; and to affections formed unto temperance, as in the living soul. In all these cases we meet with multitudes, abundance, and increase; but what shall thus “be fruitful and multiply,” that one thing may be expressed in many ways, and one expression understood in many ways, we discover not, unless in signs corporeally expressed, and in things mentally conceived. We understand the signs corporeally pronounced as the generations of the waters, necessarily occasioned by carnal depth; but things mentally conceived we understand as human generations, on account of the fruitfulness of reason. And therefore do we believe that to each kind of these it has been said by Thee, O Lord, “Be fruitful and multiply.” For in this blessing I acknowledge that power and faculty has been granted unto us, by Thee, both to express in many ways what we understand but in one, and to understand in many ways what we read as obscurely delivered but in one. Thus are the waters of the sea replenished, which are not moved but by various significations; thus even with the human offspring is the earth also replenished, the dryness1273    See sec. 21, and note, above. whereof appeareth in its desire, and reason ruleth over it.

CAPUT XXIV. Et benedixit eos Deus dicens, Crescite, etc., Gen. 81, 2.

35. Sed quid est hoc, et quale mysterium est? Ecce benedicis homines, o Domine, ut crescant et multiplicentur, et impleant terram. Nihilne nobis ex hoc innuis ut intelligamus aliquid? Cur non ita benedixeris lucem quam vocasti diem, nec firmamentum coeli, nec luminaria, nec sidera, nec terram, nec mare? Dicerem te, Deus noster qui nos ad imaginem tuam creasti, dicerem te hoc donum benedictionis homini proprie voluisse largiri; nisi hoc modo benedixisses pisces et cetos ut crescerent, et multiplicarentur, et implerent aquas maris, et volatilia multiplicarentur super terram. Item dicerem ad ea rerum genera pertinere benedictionem hanc, quae gignendo ex semetipsis propagantur; si eam reperirem in arbustis, et frutetis et in pecoribus terrae. Nunc autem nec herbis et lignis dictum est, nec bestiis et serpentibus, Crescite et multiplicamini; cum haec quoque omnia, sicut pisces et aves et homines gignendo augeantur, genusque custodiant.

36. Quid igitur dicam, lumen meum Veritas? quia vacat hoc, quia inaniter ita dictum est? Nequaquam, Pater pietatis; absit ut hoc dicat servus Verbi tui. Et si ego non intelligo quid hoc eloquio significes, utantur eo melius meliores, id est intelligentiores quam ego sum, unicuique quantum sapere dedisti, Deus meus. Placeat autem et confessio mea coram oculis tuis, qua tibi confiteor credere me, Domine, non incassum re ita locutum esse, neque silebo quod mihi lectionis hujus occasio suggerit. Verum est enim, nec video quid impediat ita me sentire dicta figurata librorum tuorum. Novi enim multipliciter significari per corpus, quod uno modo mente intelligitur; et multipliciter mente intelligi, quod uno modo per 0861 corpus significatur. Ecce simplex dilectio Dei et proximi, quam multiplicibus sacramentis, et innumerabilibus linguis, et in unaquaque lingua innumerabilibus locutionum modis, corporaliter enuntiatur! ita crescunt et multiplicantur fetus aquarum. Attende iterum quisquis haec legis: ecce quod uno modo Scriptura effert, et vox personat, In principio fecit Deus coelum et terram (Gen. I, 1); nonne multipliciter intelligitur, non errorum fallacia, sed verarum intelligentiarum generibus? ita crescunt et multiplicantur fetus hominum.

37. Itaque si naturas ipsas rerum non allegorice sed proprie cogitemus; ad omnia quae de seminibus gignuntur, convenit verbum, Crescite et multiplicamini. Si autem figurate posita ista tractemus, quod potius arbitror intendisse Scripturam, quae utique non supervacue solis aquatilium et hominum fetibus istam benedictionem attribuit; invenimus quidem multitudines et in creaturis spiritualibus atque corporalibus, tanquam in coelo et in terra; et in animis justis et iniquis, tanquam in luce et tenebris; et in sanctis auctoribus, per quos lex ministrata est, tanquam in firmamento quod solidatum est inter aquam et aquam; et in societate amaricantium populorum, tanquam in mari; et in studio animarum piarum, tanquam in arida; et in operibus misericordiae secundum praesentem vitam, tanquam in herbis seminalibus et lignis fructiferis; et in spiritualibus donis manifestatis ad utilitatem, sicut in luminaribus coeli; et in affectibus formatis ad temperantiam, tanquam in anima viva. In his omnibus nanciscimur multitudines, et ubertates, et incrementa: sed quod ita crescat et multiplicetur, ut una res multis modis enuntietur, et una enuntiatio multis modis intelligatur; non invenimus, nisi in signis corporaliter editis, et rebus intelligibiliter excogitatis. Signa corporaliter edita, generationes aquarum propter necessarias causas carnalis profunditatis; res autem intelligibiliter excogitatas, generationes humanas propter rationis fecunditatem intelligimus. Et ideo credimus utrique horum generi dictum esse abs te, Domine, Crescite et multiplicamini. In hac enim benedictione, concessam nobis a te potestatem et facultatem accipio, et multis modis enuntiare quod uno modo intellectum tenuerimus, et multis modis intelligere, quod obscure uno modo enuntiatum legerimus. Sic implentur aquae maris, quae non moventur nisi a variis significationibus: sic et fetibus humanis impletur et terra; cujus ariditas apparet in studio, et dominatur ei ratio.