Chapter V.—Use Made of Water by the Heathen. Type of the Angel at the Pool of Bethsaida.27    Bethesda, Eng. Ver.

“Well, but the nations, who are strangers to all understanding of spiritual powers, ascribe to their idols the imbuing of waters with the self-same efficacy.” (So they do) but they cheat themselves with waters which are widowed.28    i.e., as Oehler rightly explains, “lacking the Holy Spirit’s presence and virtue.” For washing is the channel through which they are initiated into some sacred rites—of some notorious Isis or Mithras. The gods themselves likewise they honour by washings. Moreover, by carrying water around, and sprinkling it, they everywhere expiate29    Or, “purify.” country-seats, houses, temples, and whole cities: at all events, at the Apollinarian and Eleusinian games they are baptized; and they presume that the effect of their doing that is their regeneration and the remission of the penalties due to their perjuries. Among the ancients, again, whoever had defiled himself with murder, was wont to go in quest of purifying waters. Therefore, if the mere nature of water, in that it is the appropriate material for washing away, leads men to flatter themselves with a belief in omens of purification, how much more truly will waters render that service through the authority of God, by whom all their nature has been constituted! If men think that water is endued with a medicinal virtue by religion, what religion is more effectual than that of the living God?  Which fact being acknowledged, we recognise here also the zeal of the devil rivalling the things of God,30    [Diabolus Dei Simius.] while we find him, too, practising baptism in his subjects. What similarity is there? The unclean cleanses! the ruiner sets free! the damned absolves! He will, forsooth, destroy his own work, by washing away the sins which himself inspires! These (remarks) have been set down by way of testimony against such as reject the faith; if they put no trust in the things of God, the spurious imitations of which, in the case of God’s rival, they do trust in. Are there not other cases too, in which, without any sacrament, unclean spirits brood on waters, in spurious imitation of that brooding31    Gestationem. of the Divine Spirit in the very beginning?  Witness all shady founts, and all unfrequented brooks, and the ponds in the baths, and the conduits32    Euripi. in private houses, or the cisterns and wells which are said to have the property of “spiriting away,”33    Rapere. through the power, that is, of a hurtful spirit. Men whom waters have drowned34    Necaverunt. or affected with madness or with fear, they call nymph-caught,35    “Nympholeptos,” restored by Oehler, = νυμφολήπτους. or “lymphatic,” or “hydro-phobic.” Why have we adduced these instances? Lest any think it too hard for belief that a holy angel of God should grant his presence to waters, to temper them to man’s salvation; while the evil angel holds frequent profane commerce with the selfsame element to man’s ruin. If it seems a novelty for an angel to be present in waters, an example of what was to come to pass has forerun. An angel, by his intervention, was wont to stir the pool at Bethsaida.36    So Tertullian reads, and some copies, but not the best, of the New Testament in the place referred to, John v. 1–9. [And note Tertullian’s textual testimony as to this Scripture.] They who were complaining of ill-health used to watch for him; for whoever had been the first to descend into them, after his washing, ceased to complain. This figure of corporeal healing sang of a spiritual healing, according to the rule by which things carnal are always antecedent37    Compare 1 Cor. xv. 46. as figurative of things spiritual. And thus, when the grace of God advanced to higher degrees among men,38    John i. 16, 17. an accession of efficacy was granted to the waters and to the angel. They who39    Qui: i.e. probably “angeli qui.” were wont to remedy bodily defects,40    Vitia. now heal the spirit; they who used to work temporal salvation41    Or, “health”—salutem. now renew eternal; they who did set free but once in the year, now save peoples in a body42    Conservant populos. daily, death being done away through ablution of sins. The guilt being removed, of course the penalty is removed too. Thus man will be restored for God to His “likeness,” who in days bygone had been conformed to “the image” of God; (the “image” is counted (to be) in his form: the “likeness” in his eternity:) for he receives again that Spirit of God which he had then first received from His afflatus, but had afterward lost through sin.

CAPUT 5. Sedenim nationes extraneae ab omni intellectu spiritalium potestatem eadem efficacia idolis suis subministrant. sed viduis aquis sibi mentiuntur. nam et sacris quibusdam per lavacrum initiantur Isidis alicuius aut Mithrae. ipsos etiam deos suos lavationibus efferunt. ceterum villas domos templa totasque urbes aspergine circumlatae aquae expiant. passim certe ludis Apollinaribus et Pelusiis tinguuntur, idque se in regenerationem et impunitatem periuriorum suorum agere praesumunt. item penes veteres quisque se homicidio infecerat purgatrices aquas explorabat. igitur si idolo, natura aquae quod propria [materia] sit abluendi, auspici emundationis blandiuntur, quanto id verius aquae praestabunt per dei auctoritatem a quo omnis natura earum constituta est: si religione aquas medicari putant, quae potior religio quam dei vivi agnitio? hic quoque studium diaboli recognoscimus res dei aemulantis, cum et ipse baptismum in suis exercet. quid simile? immundus emundat, perditor liberat, damnatus absolvit? suam videlicet operam destruet diluens delicta quae inspirat ipse. haec quidem in testimonium posita sort repellentibus fidem, si minime credant rebus dei, quarum adfectationibus apud aemulatorem dei credunt. an non et alias sine ullo sacramento immundi spiritus aquis incubant adfectantes illam in primordio divini spiritus gestationem? sciunt opaci quique fontes et avii quique rivi, et in balneis piscinae et euripi in domibus vel cisternae, et putei qui rapere dicuntur, scilicet per vim spiritus nocentis. nam et esetos et lymphaticos et hydrophobas vocant quos aquae necaverunt aut amentia vel formidine exercuerunt. quorsum ista rettulimus? ne quis durius credat angelum dei sanctum aquis in salutem hominis temperandis adesse, cum angelus mali profanus commercium eiusdem elementi in perniciem hominis frequentet. angelum aquis intervenire si novum videtur, exemplum futuri praecucurrit. piscinam Bethsaidam angelus interveniens commovebat. observabant qui valetudinem querebantur. nam si quis praevenerat descendere illuc, queri post lavacrum desinebat. figura ista medicinae corporalis spiritalem medicinam canebat, ex forma qua semper carnalia in figura spiritalium antecedunt. proficiente itaque in omnibus gratia dei plus aquis et angelo accessit: qui vitia corporis remediabant nunc spiritum medentur, qui temporalem operabantur salutem nunc aeternam reformant, qui unum semel in anno liberabant nunc quotidie populos conservant deleta morte per ablutionem delictorum. exempto scilicet reatu eximitur et poena. ita restituitur homo deo ad similitudinem eius qui retro ad imaginem dei fuerat: imago in effigie, similitudo in aeternitate censetur: recipit enim illum dei spiritum quem tunc de adflatu eius acceperat sed post amiserat per delictum.