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De opificio hominis

OF THE HOLY GREGORY OF NYSSA ON THE MAKING OF MAN. To the brother Peter, servant of God, Gregory, bishop of Nyssa.

If it were necessary to honor those who excel in virtue with honors of money, the whole world of money would, as Solomon says, appear small to be an equivalent for your virtue; since the grace owed to your reverence is better than an honor of wealth. And holy Pascha demands the customary offering of love, which we bring to your magnanimity, a gift, O man of God, smaller indeed than to be worthy of being brought to you, yet not less than our ability. And the gift is a discourse, like some poor garment woven not without labor from our impoverished mind. The subject of the discourse will perhaps seem bold to many, yet it was not considered outside of what is fitting. For he alone worthily understood the creation of God, who was truly created according to God, and had his soul formed in the image of the Creator, Basil, our common father and teacher, who made the lofty ordering of the universe comprehensible to the many through his own contemplation, and made the world established in true wisdom by God known to those who are brought to its contemplation through his understanding. But we, being deficient even in admiring him worthily, have at the same time intended to add what is lacking in the great one's contemplations, not as if corrupting his work by substitution (for it is not right that that lofty mouth be insulted by being attributed with our words), but so that the glory of the teacher may not seem incomplete in his students. For if, the Hexaemeron's contemplation of man being incomplete, none of his disciples had brought any effort to the completion of what was lacking, blame would reasonably have gotten a hold against his great glory, as if he had not wished to produce any contemplative faculty in his hearers. But now that we have dared, according to our ability, the exposition of what is lacking, if anything of such a kind should be found in our words as not to be unworthy of his teaching, it will in any case have its reference back to the teacher; but if our discourse should not attain to his magnificent contemplation, he will be outside of such an accusation, of not seeming to wish that anything excellent should be engendered in his students, having escaped the blame, while we would reasonably seem liable to the fault-finders, as not having comprehended in the smallness of our heart the wisdom of our master. And the object of contemplation set before us is not small, 128 nor second to any of the wonders in the world, and perhaps even greater than any of the things known, because nothing else among existing things has been made like God, except the creation of man, so that among well-disposed hearers indulgence for what is said should be ready for us, even if the discourse should fall far short of its worth. For it is necessary, I think, of all things concerning man—both those believed to have happened before, and those expected to come to pass hereafter, and those now contemplated—to leave nothing unexamined.

For our endeavor would be convicted of being too defective for our profession, if, with man set forth for contemplation, anything contributing to the subject were omitted. But also those things concerning him that seem to be contrary, because the same things are not seen now in our nature as existed from the beginning through some necessary sequence; it is fitting to connect both from the scriptural teaching and from the conception found by reasoning, so that the whole subject may be consistent

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De opificio hominis

ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΓΙΟΙΣ ΓΡΗΓΟΡΙΟΥ ΝΥΣΣΗΣ ΠΕΡΙ ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗΣ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥ. Τῷ ἀδελφῷ δούλῳ Θεοῦ Πέτρῳ Γρηγόριος ἐπίσκοπος Νύσσης.

Εἰ ταῖς διὰ τῶν χρημάτων τιμαῖς ἔδει γεραίρειν τοὺς κατ' ἀρετὴν διαφέροντας, μικρὸς ἂν, καθώς φησιν ὁ Σολομὼν, ὅλος ὁ κόσμος τῶν χρημάτων ἐφάνη πρὸς τὸ γενέσθαι τῆς σῆς ἀρετῆς ἰσοστάσιος· ἐπειδὴ κρεῖττον ἢ κατὰ πλούτου τιμὴν ἡ χρεωστουμένη τῇ σεμνότητί σου χάρις ἐστίν. Ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ τὸ ἅγιον Πάσχα τὴν συνήθη τῆς ἀγάπης δωροφορίαν, ἢν προσ άγομέν σου τῇ μεγαλοφροσύνῃ, δῶρον, ὧν ἄνθρωπε Θεοῦ, μικρότερον μὲν ἢ ὡς ἄξιον εἶναί σοι προσκομί ζεσθαι, τῆς γε μὴν δυνάμεως ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐνδεέστερον. Τὸ δὲ δῶρον λόγος ἐστὶν, οἷον ἱμάτιόν τι πενιχρὸν ἐκ τῆς πτωχῆς ἡμῶν διανοίας οὐκ ἀπόνως ἐξυφα σμένον. Ἡ δὲ τοῦ λόγου ὑπόθεσις τολμηρὰ μὲν ἴσως τοῖς πολλοῖς εἶναι δόξει, πλὴν οὐκ ἔξω τοῦ πρέποντος ἐνομίσθη. Μόνος γὰρ ἀξίως τὴν κτίσιν τοῦ Θεοῦ κατε νόησεν, ὁ κατὰ Θεὸν κτισθεὶς ὄντως, καὶ ἐν εἰκόνι τοῦ κτίσαντος τὴν ψυχὴν μεμορφωμένος Βασίλειος, ὁ κοι νὸς ἡμῶν πατὴρ καὶ διδάσκαλος, ὃς τὴν ὑψηλὴν τοῦ παντὸς διακόσμησιν εὔληπτον τοῖς πολλοῖς διὰ τῆς ἰδίας θεωρίας ἐποίησε, καὶ τὸν ἐν τῇ ἀληθινῇ σοφίᾳ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ συστάντα κόσμον γνώριμον τοῖς διὰ τῆς συνέσεως αὐτοῦ τῇ θεωρίᾳ προσαγομένοις ποιήσας. Ἡμεῖς δὲ καὶ τοῦ θαυμάζειν αὐτὸν κατ' ἀξίαν ἐνδεῶς ἔχοντες, ὁμοῦ τὸ λεῖπον τοῖς τεθεωρημένοις τῷ μεγάλῳ προσθεῖναι διενοήθημεν, οὐχ ὡς νο θεύοντες δι' ὑποβολῆς τὸν ἐκείνου πόνον (οὐδὲ γὰρ θέμις τὸ ὑψηλὸν ἐκεῖνο καθυβρισθῆναι στό μα τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἐπιφημιζόμενον λόγοις), ἀλλ' ὡς μὴ δοκεῖν ἐλλιπῆ τοῦ διδασκάλου τὴν δόξαν ἐν τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ εἶναι. Εἰ γὰρ λειπούσης τῆς Ἑξαημέρου τῆς εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον θεωρίας, μηδεὶς τῶν μαθητευσάντων αὐτῷ σπουδήν τινα πρὸς τὴν τοῦ λείποντος ἀναπλήρωσιν εἰσενέγκαιτο, ἔσχεν ἂν εἰ κότως κατὰ τῆς μεγάλης αὐτοῦ δόξης ὁ μῶμος λα βὴν, ὡς μὴ βουληθέντος ἕξιν τινὰ κατανοητικὴν τοῖς ἀκροαταῖς ἐνεργάσασθαι. Νυνὶ δὲ κατὰ δύναμιν ἡμῶν ἐπιτολμησάντων τῇ ἐξηγήσει τοῦ λείποντος, εἰ μέν τι τοιοῦτον ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις εὑρεθείη, οἷον τῆς ἐκείνου διδασκαλίας μὴ ἀνάξιον εἶναι, εἰς τὸν διδά σκαλον πάντως τὴν ἀναφορὰν ἕξει· εἰ δὲ μὴ καθ ίκοιτο τῆς μεγαλοφυοῦς θεωρίας ὁ ἡμέτερος λόγος, ὁ μὲν ἔξω τῆς τοιαύτης ἔσται κατηγορίας, τοῦ μὴ βούλεσθαι δοκεῖν τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἐγγενέσθαι τι δεξιὸν, ἐκφυγὼν τὴν μέμψιν, ἡμεῖς δ' ἂν εἰκότως ὑπεύθυνοι δόξωμεν τοῖς μωμοσκοποῦσιν, ὡς οὐ χωρήσαντες ἐν τῷ μικροφυεῖ τῆς καρδίας ἡμῶν τοῦ καθηγητοῦ τὴν σοφίαν. Ἔστι δ' οὐ μικρὸς ὁ προκείμενος ἡμῖν εἰς 128 θεωρίαν σκοπὸς, οὐδέ τινος τῶν ἐν κόσμῳ θαυμάτων τὰ δεύτερα φερόμενος, τάχα δὲ καὶ μείζων ἑκάστου τῶν γιγνωσκομένων, διότι οὐδὲν ἕτερον Θεῷ ἐκ τῶν ὄντων ὡμοίωται, πλὴν τῆς κατὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον κτί σεως, ὥστε παρὰ τοῖς εὐγνώμοσι τῶν ἀκροατῶν πρό χειρον ἡμῖν τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις συγγνώμην εἶναι, κἂν πολὺ κατόπιν τῆς ἀξίας ὁ λόγος ἔλθοι. ∆εῖ γὰρ, οἶμαι, τῶν περὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἁπάντων, τῶν τε προ γεγενῆσθαι πεπιστευμένων, καὶ τῶν εἰσύστερον ἐκ βήσεσθαι προσδοκωμένων, καὶ τῶν νῦν θεωρουμένων μηδὲν παραλιπεῖν ἀνεξέταστον.

Ἦ γὰρ ἂν ἐλλιπεστέρα τοῦ ἐπαγγέλματος ἡ σπουδὴ διελέγχοιτο, εἰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου προκειμένου τῇ θεωρίᾳ, παρεθείη τι τῶν συντεινόντων πρὸς τὴν ὑπόθεσιν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ δοκοῦντα περὶ αὐτὸν ἐναντίως ἔχειν, διὰ τὸ μὴ τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς ἐξ ἀρχῆς γεγενημένοις, καὶ νῦν περὶ τὴν φύσιν ὁρᾶσθαι διά τινος ἀναγκαίας ἀκολουθίας· ἔκ τε τῆς γραφικῆς ὑφηγήσεως καὶ ἐκ τῆς παρὰ τῶν λογισμῶν εὑρισκομένης ἐπινοίας συναρτῆσαι προσ ήκει, ὡς ἂν συμβαίνοι πᾶσα ἡ ὑπόθεσις