Chapter V.—Concerning the number of the Natures.

In the case, therefore, of the Godhead588    πρωτοστάτης. Cf. Chrysost., Epist. ad Ephes., hom. 4, &c.    Leont., Resp. ad argum. Sever. we confess that there is but one nature, but hold that there are three subsistences actually existing, and hold that all things that are of nature and essence are simple, and recognise the difference of the subsistences only in the three properties of independence of cause and Fatherhood, of dependence on cause and Sonship, of dependence on cause and procession589    Text, ἐδωρήσατο. R. 1986, ἐχαρίσατο.    For καὶ τῇ αἰτιατῇ καὶ ὑ& 187·κῇ, καὶ τῇ αἰτιατῇ καὶ ἐκπορευτῇ we get καὶ τῇ αἰτιατικῇ, καὶ ὑ& 187·κῃ, καὶ πορευτῇ in Cod. Colb. 1, Cod. Reg. 3, and so Faber also.. And we know further that these are indivisible and inseparable from each other and united into one, and interpenetrating one another without confusion. Yea, I repeat, united without confusion, for they are three although united, and they are distinct, although inseparable. For although each has an independent existence, that is to say, is a perfect subsistence and has an individuality of its own, that is, has a special mode of existence, yet they are one in essence and in the natural properties, and in being inseparable and indivisible from the Father’s subsistence, and they both are and are said to be one God. In the very same way, then, in the case of the divine and ineffable dispensation590    See Iren., bk. iv. c. 48, &c.    οἰκονομίας, incarnation., exceeding all thought and comprehension, I mean the Incarnation of the One God the Word of the Holy Trinity, and our Lord Jesus Christ, we confess that there are two natures, one divine and one human, joined together with one another and united in subsistence591    Greg. Nyss., Orat. Catech., cp. 6.    Leont., Resp. ad argum. Sever., so that one compound subsistence is formed out of the two natures: but we hold that the two natures are still preserved, even after the union, in the one compound subsistence, that is, in the one Christ, and that these exist in reality and have their natural properties; for they are united without confusion, and are distinguished and enumerated without being separable. And just as the three subsistences of the Holy Trinity are united without confusion, and are distinguished and enumerated without being separable592    Gen. i. 31.    See Leont., Act. 7. De Sect., with reference to one of the arguments of the Nestorians; also Greg. Naz., Orat. 36; Max., Ep. 1 ad Joan. Cubic., the enumeration not entailing division or separation or alienation or cleavage among them (for we recognise one God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit), so in the same way the natures of Christ also, although they are united, yet are united without confusion; and although they interpenetrate one another, yet they do not permit of change or transmutation of one into the other593    See Greg. Naz., Orat. 19, 38; Chrysost., In S. Babyl. Or. 2; Basil, in Jesaiam, ch. 1, &c.    Infr. ch. vii.: Basil, Epist. 40 and Bk. De Spir. Sanct. ch. 17.. For each keeps its own natural individuality strictly unchanged. And thus it is that they can be enumerated without the enumeration introducing division. For Christ, indeed, is one, perfect both in divinity and in humanity. For it is not the nature of number to cause separation or unity, but its nature is to indicate the quantity of what is enumerated, whether these are united or separated: for we have unity, for instance, when fifty stones compose a wall, but we have separation when the fifty stones lie on the ground; and again, we have unity when we speak of coal having two natures, namely, fire and wood, but we have separation in that the nature of fire is one thing, and the nature of wood another thing; for these things are united and separated not by number, but in another way. So, then, just as even though the three subsistences of the Godhead are united with each other, we cannot speak of them as one subsistence because we should confuse and do away with the difference between the subsistences, so also we cannot speak of the two natures of Christ as one nature, united though they are in subsistence, because we should then confuse and do away with and reduce to nothing the difference between the two natures.

Περὶ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν φύσεων

Ὥσπερ δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς θεότητος μίαν φύσιν ὁμολογοῦμεν, τρεῖς δὲ ὑποστάσεις κατὰ ἀλήθειαν οὔσας φαμὲν καὶ πάντα μὲν τὰ φυσικὰ καὶ οὐσιώδη ἁπλᾶ φαμεν, τὴν δὲ διαφορὰν τῶν ὑποστάσεων ἐν μόναις ταῖς τρισὶν ἰδιότησι, τῇ ἀναιτίῳ καὶ πατρικῇ καὶ τῇ αἰτιατῇ καὶ υἱϊκῇ καὶ ἐκπορευτῇ ἐπιγινώσκομεν: ἀνεκφοιτήτους δὲ αὐτὰς καὶ ἀδιαστάτους ἀλλήλων καὶ ἡνωμένας καὶ ἐν ἀλλήλαις ἀσυγχύτως περιχωρούσας ἐπιστάμεθα, καὶ ἡνωμένας μὲν ἀσυγχύτως (τρεῖς γάρ εἰσιν, εἰ καὶ ἥνωνται), διαιρουμένας δὲ ἀδιαστάτως. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἑκάστη καθ' ἑαυτὴν ὑφέστηκεν ἤγουν τελεία ἐστὶν ὑπόστασις καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν ἰδιότητα ἤτοι τὸν τῆς ὑπάρξεως τρόπον διάφορον κέκτηται, ἀλλ' ἥνωνται τῇ τε οὐσίᾳ καὶ τοῖς φυσικοῖς ἰδιώμασι καὶ τῷ μὴ διίστασθαι μηδὲ ἐκφοιτᾶν τῆς πατρικῆς ὑποστάσεως καὶ εἷς θεός εἰσί τε καὶ λέγονται. Τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς θείας καὶ ἀπορρήτου καὶ πάντα νοῦν καὶ κατάληψιν ὑπερεχούσης οἰκονομίας τοῦ ἑνὸς τῆς ἁγίας τριάδος θεοῦ λόγου κυρίου τε ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δύο μὲν φύσεις ὁμολογοῦμεν, θείαν τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνην, συνεληλυθυίας ἀλλήλαις καὶ καθ' ὑπόστασιν ἑνωθείσας, μίαν δὲ ὑπόστασιν ἐκ τῶν δύο φύσεων ἀποτελεσθεῖσαν σύνθετον. Σῴζεσθαι δέ φαμεν τὰς δύο φύσεις καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἕνωσιν ἐν τῇ μιᾷ συνθέτῳ ὑποστάσει ἤγουν ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ Χριστῷ καὶ κατὰ ἀλήθειαν αὐτὰς εἶναι καὶ τὰ τούτων φυσικὰ ἰδιώματα, ἡνωμένας μέντοι ἀσυγχύτως καὶ ἀδιαιρέτως διαφερούσας τε καὶ ἀριθμουμένας. Καὶ ὥσπερ αἱ τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις τῆς ἁγίας τριάδος ἀσυγχύτως ἥνωνται καὶ ἀδιαστάτως διῄρηνται καὶ ἀριθμοῦνται, καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς διαίρεσιν ἢ διάστασιν ἢ ἀλλοτρίωσιν καὶ διατομὴν ἐν αὐταῖς οὐκ ἐργάζεται (ἕνα γὰρ θεὸν ἐπιγινώσκομεν τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον), τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ αἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ φύσεις, εἰ καὶ ἥνωνται, ἀλλ' ἀσυγχύτως ἥνωνται, καὶ εἰ ἐν ἀλλήλαις περιχωροῦσιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν εἰς ἀλλήλας τροπήν τε καὶ μεταβολὴν οὐ προσίενται: φυλάττει γὰρ ἑκατέρα φύσις τὴν ἑαυτῆς φυσικὴν ἰδιότητα ἀμετάβλητον. Διὸ καὶ ἀριθμοῦνται, καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς οὐκ εἰσάγει διαίρεσιν. Εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐν θεότητι καὶ ἀνθρωπότητι τέλειος: ὁ γὰρ ἀριθμὸς οὐ διαιρέσεως ἢ ἑνώσεως αἴτιος πέφυκεν, ἀλλὰ τῆς ποσότητος τῶν ἀριθμουμένων σημαντικός, εἴτε ἡνωμένων εἴτε διῃρημένων: ἡνωμένων μέν, ὅτι πεντήκοντα λίθους ἔχει ὁ τοῖχος οὗτος, διῃρημένων δέ, ὅτι πεντήκοντα λίθοι κεῖνται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τούτῳ: καὶ ἡνωμένων μέν, ὅτι δύο φύσεις εἰσὶν ἐν τῷ ἄνθρακι, πυρὸς λέγω καὶ ξύλου, διῃρημένων δέ, ὅτι ἡ φύσις τοῦ πυρὸς ἑτέρα ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ τοῦ ξύλου ἑτέρα, ἄλλου τρόπου ἑνοῦντος καὶ διαιροῦντος αὐτὰ καὶ οὐ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ. Ὥσπερ τοίνυν ἀδύνατον τὰς τρεῖς ὑποστάσεις τῆς θεότητος, εἰ καὶ ἥνωνται ἀλλήλαις, μίαν ὑπόστασιν εἰπεῖν διὰ τὸ μὴ σύγχυσιν καὶ ἀφανισμὸν τῆς τῶν ὑποστάσεων διαφορᾶς ἐργάσασθαι, οὕτω καὶ τὰς δύο φύσεις τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὰς καθ' ὑπόστασιν ἡνωμένας ἀδύνατον μίαν φύσιν εἰπεῖν, ἵνα μὴ ἀφανισμὸν καὶ σύγχυσιν καὶ ἀνυπαρξίαν τῆς αὐτῶν διαφορᾶς ἐργασώμεθα.