αʹ Ὅτι ἀκατάληπτον τὸ θεῖον καὶ ὅτι οὐ δεῖ ζητεῖν
[Book III] Περὶ τῆς θείας οἰκονομίας καὶ περὶ τῆς δι' ἡμᾶς κηδεμονίας καὶ τῆς ἡμῶν σωτηρίας
Chapter X.—Concerning divine union and separation.
Therefore all these names must be understood as common to deity as a whole, and as containing the notions of sameness and simplicity and indivisibility and union: while the names Father, Son and Spirit, and causeless and caused, and unbegotten and begotten, and procession contain the idea of separation: for these terms do not explain His essence, but the mutual relationship186 Greg. Naz., Orat. 45; cf. also Epist. ad. Evagr., and Greg. Nyss., Epist. ad Ablab.; Dionys., De div. nom., c. 2; Basil, Epist. 43 ad Greg. fratr. and manner of existence187 Dionys., De div. nom., c. 2; Greg. Naz., Orat. 37 and 45; Nyss. Epist. ad. Ablab..
When, then, we have perceived these things and are conducted from these to the divine essence, we do not apprehend the essence itself but only the attributes of the essence: just as we have not apprehended the essence of the soul even when we have learnt that it is incorporeal and without magnitude and form: nor again, the essence of the body when we know that it is white or black, but only the attributes of the essence. Further, the true doctrine188 ὁ δὲ ἀληθὴς λόγος. teacheth that the Deity is simple and has one simple energy, good and energising in all things, just as the sun’s ray, which warms all things and energises in each in harmony with its natural aptitude and receptive power, having obtained this form of energy from God, its Maker.
But quite distinct is all that pertains to the divine and benignant incarnation of the divine Word. For in that neither the Father nor the Spirit have any part at all, unless so far as regards approval and the working of inexplicable miracles which the God-Word, having become man189 Text, ἄνθρωπος, which is absent in some codices and in Dionys., De div. nom., from which these words are taken. like us, worked, as unchangeable God and son of God190 Greg. Naz., Orat. 24: Dionys., De div. nom., c. 2..
Περὶ θείας ἑνώσεως καὶ διακρίσεως
Πάντα μὲν οὖν ταῦτα κοινῶς ἐπὶ πάσης τῆς θεότητος ἐκληπτέον καὶ ταυτῶς καὶ ἁπλῶς καὶ ἀμερῶς καὶ ἡνωμένως, διακεκριμένως δὲ τὸ πατὴρ καὶ τὸ υἱὸς καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ἀναίτιον καὶ τὸ αἰτιατὸν καὶ τὸ ἀγέννητον καὶ τὸ γεννητὸν καὶ ἐκπορευτόν, ἅτινα οὐκ οὐσίας εἰσὶ δηλωτικά, ἀλλὰ τῆς πρὸς ἄλληλα σχέσεως καὶ τοῦ τῆς ὑπάρξεως τρόπου.
Ταῦτα οὖν εἰδότες καὶ ἐκ τούτων ἐπὶ τὴν θείαν οὐσίαν χειραγωγούμενοι οὐκ αὐτὴν τὴν οὐσίαν καταλαμβάνομεν ἀλλὰ τὰ περὶ τὴν οὐσίαν, ὥσπερ οὐδέ, ἐὰν γνῶμεν, ὅτι ἡ ψυχὴ ἀσώματός ἐστι καὶ ἄποσος καὶ ἀσχημάτιστος, ἤδη καὶ τὴν οὐσίαν αὐτῆς κατειλήφαμεν, οὐδὲ τοῦ σώματος, εἴπερ γνῶμεν, ὅτι λευκὸν ἢ μέλαν ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ τὰ περὶ τὴν οὐσίαν. Ὁ δὲ ἀληθὴς λόγος διδάσκει ἁπλοῦν εἶναι τὸ θεῖον καὶ μίαν ἁπλῆν ἔχειν ἐνέργειαν, ἀγαθήν, πᾶσι τὰ πάντα ἐνεργοῦσαν κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ἡλίου ἀκτῖνα, ἥτις πάντα θάλπει καὶ ἐν ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν φυσικὴν ἐπιτηδειότητα καὶ δεκτικὴν δύναμιν ἐνεργεῖ ἐκ τοῦ δημιουργήσαντος θεοῦ τὴν τοιαύτην εἰληφὼς ἐνέργειαν.
Διακέκριται δὲ καί, ὅσα τῆς θείας καὶ φιλανθρώπου τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου σαρκώσεως: ἐν τούτοις γὰρ οὔτε ὁ πατὴρ οὔτε τὸ πνεῦμα κατ' οὐδένα λόγον κεκοινώνηκεν εἰ μὴ κατ' εὐδοκίαν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἄρρητον θαυματουργίαν, ἣν καὶ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἄνθρωπος ὁ θεὸς λόγος γενόμενος εἰργάζετο ὡς ἀναλλοίωτος θεὸς καὶ θεοῦ υἱός.