S. AURELII AUGUSTINI HIPPONENSIS EPISCOPI EPISTOLAE SECUNDUM ORDINEM TEMPORUM NUNC PRIMUM DISPOSITAE, ET QUATUOR IN CLASSES DIGESTAE

 EPISTOLA II . Zenobio desiderium exponit suum, ut disputationem inter se coeptam, inter se finiant.

 EPISTOLA III . Nebridio respondet Augustinus immerito se ab ipso vocari beatum, qui tam multa ignoret. Qua in re sita sit vera beatitudo.

 EPISTOLA IV . Augustinus Nebridio, significans ei quantum profecerit in secessu, contemplatione rerum aeternarum.

 EPISTOLA V . Augustinum Nebridius deplorat, quod nimium interpelletur civium negotiis ab otio contemplationis.

 EPISTOLA VI . Scribit Nebridius videri sibi memoriam sine phantasia esse non posse tum etiam phantasiae vim non a sensu, sed a se potius imagines rer

 EPISTOLA VII . Augustinus quaestionem utramque a Nebridio motam discutit. Memoriam sine phantasia esse posse. Animam sensibus non usam carere phantasi

 EPISTOLA VIII . Quanam coelestium potestatum in animam actione fiat, ut imagines ac somnia dormienti subrepant.

 EPISTOLA IX . Quaestioni de somniis per superiores potestates immissis respondet.

 EPISTOLA X . De convictu cum Nebridio et secessione a mundanarum rerum tumultu.

 EPISTOLA XI . Cur hominis susceptio Filio soli tribuitur, cum divinae personae sint inseparabiles.

 EPISTOLA XII . Quaestionem in superiore epistola perstrictam iterum tractandam suscipit.

 EPISTOLA XIII . Quaestionem de animae quodam corpore, ad se nihil pertinentem, rogat dimittant.

 EPISTOLA XIV . Quare sol non idem praestat quod caetera sidera. Veritas summa an hominis cujusque rationem contineat.

 EPISTOLA XV. Significat scriptum a se opusculum de religione, transmittendum Romaniano, quem hortatur ut otium datum bene collocet.

 EPISTOLA XVI. Maximus grammaticus Madaurensis Augustino, excusans a Paganis unum Deum variis nominibus coli, indignans mortuos homines Gentium diis pr

 EPISTOLA XVII . Augustinus Maximo grammatico respondet ad superiora, sed sic ut ostendat indigna quibus respondeatur, digna quae rideantur.

 EPISTOLA XVIII . Naturarum genus triplex perstringitur.

 EPISTOLA XIX . Gaio, quem forte disputatione traxerat ad Ecclesiam, mittit suos libros legendos, adhortans ut perseveret in bono proposito.

 EPISTOLA XX . Antonino pro existimatione bona ac dilectione sibi impensa gratias refert Augustinus, optatque ut familia ipsius tota catholicam religio

 EPISTOLA XXI . Augustinus in presbyterum Hipponensem ordinatus, praesertim ad dispensandum verbum Dei, secumque reputans quam difficile sit sacerdotem

 EPISTOLA XXII . Augustinus presbyter, Aurelio Carthaginensi episcopo, deflens comessationes et ebrietates per Africam in coemeteriis et memoriis marty

 EPISTOLA XXIII . Augustinus Maximino episcopo donatistae, qui diaconum catholicum rebaptizasse dicebatur, ut aut fateatur factum, aut profiteatur se o

 EPISTOLA XXIV . Paulinus Alypio episcopo de libris Augustini quos recepit, excusans quod serius miserit ad illum Eusebii Chronica. Cupit edoceri de ge

 EPISTOLA XXV . Paulinus Augustino, exquisitis eum laudibus exornans pro quinque ejus adversus Manichaeos libris, quos ab Alypio acceperat. Panem ipsi

 EPISTOLA XXVI . Augustinus Licentium juvenem nobilem et doctum, quondam ipsius discipulum, hortatur ad mundi contemptum, abutens ad hoc ipsius Licenti

 EPISTOLA XXVII. Augustinus Paulino, amplectens illius benevolentiam, et mutuum declarans amorem: nonnulla de Romaniano et Alypio, nec non de Licentio,

 EPISTOLA XXVIII . Augustinus Hieronymo, de nova post LXX Veteris Testamenti versione deque Petro reprehenso a Paulo ad Galat. II, expostulans de susc

 EPISTOLA XXIX. Augustinus presbyter, Alypio Thagastensi episcopo, narrans quibus adhortationibus obtinuerit demum ut Hipponenses catholici abhorrerent

 EPISTOLA XXX . Paulinus Augustino, non recepto ab eo responso, denuo per alios scribit.

 SECUNDA CLASSIS. Epistolae quas Augustinus jam episcopus, ante collationem Carthaginensem cum Donatistis habitam, et ante detectam in Africa Pelagii h

 EPISTOLA XXXII . Paulinus Romaniano, gratulans Ecclesiae Hipponensi quod Augustinum meruit episcopi collegam. Licentium, pro quo scripserat Augustinus

 EPISTOLA XXXIII. Augustinus Proculeiano partis donatianae apud Hipponem episcopo, invitans illum ut mutua collatione schisma componatur.

 EPISTOLA XXXIV . De juvene, qui matrem caedere solitus, demum et mortem minatus transiit ad Donatistas, ab iisque iterato baptizatus est. Quod an Proc

 EPISTOLA XXXV . Rursus interpellat Eusebium, ut clericorum donatistarum licentiam curet coercendam per Proculeianum episcopum: alioquin ut de se nullu

 EPISTOLA XXXVI . Augustinus Casulano presbytero, refellens Urbici, id est cujusdam e Romana urbe, dissertationem pro sabbati jejunio, scriptam perquam

 EPISTOLA XXXVII . Gratulatur sibi Augustinus litterarias suas lucubrationes legi et approbari a Simpliciano ejusque censurae subjicit tum caeteros su

 EPISTOLA XXXVIII . Augustinus Profuturo, de toleranda adversa valetudine de morte Megalii, et de cohibenda ira.

 EPISTOLA XXXIX . Hieronymus Augustino, commendans illi Praesidium, et salvere jubens Alypium.

 EPISTOLA XL . Augustinus Hieronymo de titulo vulgati ab ipso libri de Scriptoribus ecclesiasticis: tum de Petro reprehenso non mendaciter a Paulo, de

 EPISTOLA XLI . Alypius et Augustinus Aurelio gratulantes de sermonibus quos presbyteri praesente ipso ad populum habere coeperant, ipsumque rogantes u

 EPISTOLA XLII . Augustinus Paulino, flagitans ut litterarum debitum amplius anno integro non redditum exsolvat, mittatque sibi opus adversus Paganos,

 EPISTOLA XLIII . Quanta impudentia Donatistae persistant in suo schismate, tot judiciis convicti.

 EPISTOLA XLIV . Augustinus refert quae coepta sint agi de concordia cum Fortunio Donatistarum episcopo, cupiens ut sine tumultu, quod placide coeptum

 EPISTOLA XLV . Augustinus Paulino, rogans ut demum rescribat post biennii silentium, mittatque sibi opus contra Paganos, quod ab ipso elaborari dudum

 EPISTOLA XLVI . Publicola Augustino proponit multas quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA XLVII . Augustinus Publicolae dissolvit aliquot ex propositis quaestionibus.

 EPISTOLA XLVIII . Augustinus Eudoxio abbati monachorum insulae Caprariae, exhortans ut otio ad pietatem, non ad ignaviam utantur, et sicubi Ecclesia r

 EPISTOLA XLIX . Augustinus Honorato Donatianae partis, ut per litteras placide reddat rationem quomodo nomen Ecclesiae, quae utique in toto orbe futur

 EPISTOLA L . Augustinus Suffectanis expostulans de LX Christianorum nece, pollicensque suum illis reddendum Herculem.

 EPISTOLA LI . Augustinus Crispinum Calamensem Donatianae partis episcopum urget propositis breviter aliquod argumentis, ad ea si potest respondeat per

 EPISTOLA LII . Augustinus Severino consanguineo suo donatistae, ut deserat schisma scelestum et impudens.

 EPISTOLA LIII . Confutatur epistola presbyteri cujusdam donatistae qui Generosum catholicum Constantinensem seducere moliebatur, simulans ab angelo se

 AD INQUISITIONES JANUARII LIBER PRIMUS, SEU EPISTOLA LIV . Augustinus Januario respondet, docens quid agendum sit in iis in quibus regionum aut Eccles

 AD INQUISITIONES JANUARII LIBER SECUNDUS, SEU EPISTOLA LV . De ritibus Ecclesiae, vel iis quos negligi nefas est, vel us qui tollendi sunt, si citra m

 EPISTOLA LVI . Augustinus ad Celerem, jubens eum Litterarum sacrarum studio incumbere, ut discat hanc vitam collatione aeternae esse fumum et Donatis

 EPISTOLA LVII . Augustinus, libro quodam suo in eam rem conscripto, Celerem instruxerat, mera levitate Donatistas se ab Ecclesia catholica segregasse:

 EPISTOLA LVIII . Augustinus Pammachio viro senatori gratulatur, quod suos apud Numidiam colonos donatistas adhortationibus suis adduxerit ad Ecclesiam

 EPISTOLA LIX . Augustinus Victorino concilium convocanti, excusatoria, quare ad concilium non venturus sit: rogans ut prius cum Xantippo super jure pr

 EPISTOLA LX . Augustinus Aurelio significat Donatum et ipsius fratrem se venitente recessisse de monasterio: porro et monachis facilem lapsum, et ordi

 EPISTOLA LXI . Augustinus Theodoro ut prolata hac epistola fidem faciat clericos ex parte Donati venientes ad Ecclesiam catholicam, in suo ipsorum ord

 EPISTOLA LXII . Alypius, Augustinus et Samsucius Severo, excusantes quae in Timothei negotio gesta sunt.

 EPISTOLA LXIII . Rursum de Timotheo qui postquam jurasset se a Severo non recessurum, ordinatus fuerat subdiaconus apud Subsanam in dioecesi Hipponens

 EPISTOLA LXIV . Augustinus Quintiano, ipsum ad patientiam adhortans et Aurelio episcopo reconciliatum cupiens, agensque de Privatione quem ille suae E

 EPISTOLA LXV . Augustinus Xantippo Numidiae primati, rationem reddens cur Abundantio presbytero infami Ecclesiam committere noluerit.

 EPISTOLA LXVI . Expostulat cum Crispino Calamensi, qui Mappalienses metu subactos rebaptizarat.

 EPISTOLA LXVII . Augustinus Hieronymo: negans se scripsisse librum in eum in hoc falsus, quod aliquis prolixam epistolam librum appellasset.

 EPISTOLA LXVIII . Hieronymus Augustino, jam accepta epistola quae continet quaestionem de mendacio officioso, sed dubitans etiamnum an sit Augustini,

 EPISTOLA LXIX . Alypius et Augustinus Castorio, ipsum hortantes ut in episcopatu Vaginensis Ecclesiae Maximiano fratri suo gloriose cedenti succedat.

 EPISTOLA LXX . Donatistarum Catholicos traditionis insimulantium temeritas prodit sese in causa Feliciani ab ipsis primum solemniter damnati, ac poste

 EPISTOLA LXXI . Augustinus Hieronymo, dehortans a libris Testamenti veteris ex hebraeo vertendis, et exhortans ut Septuaginta versionem mire depravata

 EPISTOLA LXXII . Hieronymus Augustino expostulans de illius epistola per Italiam sparsa, qua taxabatur locus non recte expositus in Epistola ad Galata

 EPISTOLA LXXIII . Hieronymum litteris suis nonnihil offensum demulcere studet Augustinus. Apologiam illius contra Ruffinum accepisse se testatur, depl

 EPISTOLA LXXIV . Augustinus Praesidium rogat ut superiorem epistolam curet Hieronymo reddendam, utque sibi eumdem suis etiam litteris placet.

 EPISTOLA LXXV . Respondet tandem Hieronymus ad Augustini quaestiones propositas in Epist. 28, 40 et 71, scilicet de titulo libri ecclesiasticos script

 EPISTOLA LXXVI . Sub persona Ecclesiae catholicae cohortatur omnes Donatistas, ut resipiscentes redeant ad catholicam communionem.

 EPISTOLA LXXVII . Augustinus Felici et Hilarino, ut ne perturbentur obortis in Ecclesia scandalis. Porro de Bonifacio, qui in nullo apud se crimine de

 EPISTOLA LXXVIII . Quidam e monasterio Augustini Spes nomine, accusatus a Bonifacio presbytero, crimen in Bonifacium ipsum transtulit. Cum res evident

 EPISTOLA LXXIX . Augustini episcopi ad presbyterum quemdam Manichaeum, denuntians ut solvat quaestionem in qua praecessor ejus Fortunatus defecerat, v

 EPISTOLA LXXX . Cupit explicari liquidius a Paulino, quonam modo voluntatem Dei, quae nostrae praeferenda est, nosse possimus.

 EPISTOLA LXXXI . Hieronymus Augustino, excusans quod ipsius litteris responderit liberius Epistola 75, rogansque ut, omissis contentiosis quaestionibu

 EPISTOLA LXXXII . Receptis ab Hieronymo superioribus Epistolis 72, 75 et 81, rescribit accuratius Augustinus de interpretatione loci Epistolae ad Gala

 EPISTOLA LXXXIII Augustinus Alypio significans aliam se de bonis, quae fuerunt Honorati ex Thagastensi monacho presbyteri Thiavensis, iniisse sententi

 EPISTOLA LXXXIV . Novato episcopo Augustinus, excusans quod ad ipsum non mittat germanum ipsius Lucillum diaconum, quo latinae linguae perito carere n

 EPISTOLA LXXXV . Augustinus Paulum quemdam episcopum objurgat, qui Ecclesiam levitate sua graviter offendebat, ut ad frugem et episcopo dignam vitam r

 EPISTOLA LXXXVI . Augustinus Caeciliano praesidi, ut suo edicto Donatistas in regione Hipponensi et in vicinis locis coerceat.

 EPISTOLA LXXXVII . Augustinus Emerito donatistae, adhortans ut attendat et respondeat, qua justa causa schisma moverint.

 EPISTOLA LXXXVIII . Clerici Hipponenses catholici ad Januarium episcopum donatistam, expostulantes de Circumcellionum saevitia in Catholicos. Stilus e

 EPISTOLA LXXXIX . Augustinus Festo, docens recte legibus reprimi Donatistas et indicans in regione Hipponensi nondum eos Festi litteris correctos, se

 EPISTOLA XC . Augustino Nectarius paganus, agens ut suis civibus coloniae Calamensis condonentur quae expetendae erant ab ipsis poenae, non modo viola

 EPISTOLA XCI . Invehitur Augustinus in Paganorum sacra, et injurias Christianis recens illatas a Calamensibus enumerat ostendens ipsorum saluti benig

 EPISTOLA XCII . Augustinus Italicae viduae, consolans illam super obitu mariti, ac refellens eorum opinionem qui dicebant Deum videri oculis corporeis

 EPISTOLA XCIII . Augustinus Vincentii e schismate Rogatiano episcopi Cartennensis epistolam refellens, dicit visum sibi fuisse aliquando, non vi cum h

 EPISTOLA XCIV . Paulinus Augustino gratias agens pro libro vel epistola ab ipso recepta, prosequitur laudes Melaniae senioris, et unici ejus filii Pub

 EPISTOLA XCV . Augustinus superiori epistolae respondens agit de praesentis vitae statu, necnon de qualitate corporis beatorum, deque membrorum offici

 EPISTOLA XCVI . Augustinus Olympio, quem audierat provectum recens ad novam dignitatem (scilicet Magistri officiorum, quod ipsi munus post Stilichonis

 EPISTOLA XCVII . Augustinus Olympio, ut tueatur leges de confringendis idolis et haereticis corrigendis, quae vivo Stilichone missae sunt in Africam

 EPISTOLA XCVIII . Augustinus Bonifacio episcopo, respondens qui fiat ut infantibus in Baptismo prosit parentum fides, cum post Baptismum non noceat il

 EPISTOLA XCIX . Ex Romanorum calamitate susceptum animo dolore commiserationemque significat.

 EPISTOLA C . Augustinus Donato proconsuli Africae, ut Donatistas coerceat, non occidat.

 EPISTOLA CI . Augustinus Memorio episcopo libros ipsius de Musica flagitanti, sextum librum mittit, et caeteros si repererit, mittendos pollicetur ea

 SEX QUAESTIONES CONTRA PAGANOS EXPOSITAE, LIBER UNUS, SEU EPISTOLA CII .

 EPISTOLA CIII . Nectario petenti veniam tribui civibus suis rescripserat Augustinus in Epist. 97, non decere christianam benevolentiam, ut insigne ill

 EPISTOLA CIV . Ad superioris epistolae capita singula respondet Augustinus id praeter alia refellens, quod ex Stoicorum placito Nectarius induxerat,

 EPISTOLA CV . Donatistas ad unitatem exhortans, ostendit leges juste necessarioque in eos latas fuisse ab imperatoribus catholicis. Baptismi sanctitat

 EPISTOLA CVI . Augustinus Macrobio donatianae partis apud Hipponem, uti ex epistola 108 intelligitur, episcopo, agens ne subdiaconum quemdam rebaptize

 EPISTOLA CVII . Maximus et Theodorus Augustino renuntiantes quid ipsis coram responderit Macrobius ad ipsius litteras.

 EPISTOLA CVIII . Agit de non iterando Baptismo, coarguens Donatistarum hac in re contumaciam quippe qui Maximianensium baptisma ratum habuerunt. Evin

 EPISTOLA CIX. Severus, Milevitanus antistes, maximam delectationem fructumque ex Augustini lectione capere se profitetur, summis laudibus ipsum effere

 EPISTOLA CX . Augustinus Severo episcopo, blandissime expostulans et quaerens se ab ipso tantopere laudatum in superiore epistola.

 EPISTOLA CXI . Augustinus Victoriano presbytero, consolans eum ad toleranter accipienda mala quae barbari, in Italiam et Hispaniam incursionem facient

 EPISTOLA CXII . Donatum exproconsulem hortatur ut abjecto omni fastu sectetur Christum, atque ad Ecclesiae catholicae communionem suos alliciat.

 EPISTOLA CXIII . Cresconium rogat Augustinus ut suae pro Faventio petitionis adjutor sit.

 EPISTOLA CXIV . Ad Florentinum super eadem causa Faventii.

 EPISTOLA CXV . Ad Fortunatum Cirtensem episcopum, de eadem re.

 EPISTOLA CXVI . Generoso Numidiae Consulari Augustinus commendans causam Faventii.

 EPISTOLA CXVII . Dioscorus ad Augustinum mittit multas quaestiones ex libris Ciceronis, rogans ut mature ad eas respondeat.

 EPISTOLA CXVIII . Augustinus Dioscoro respondet ejusmodi quaestiones nec decore tractari ab episcopo, nec utiliter disci a christiano. Disputat de stu

 EPISTOLA CXIX . Consentius Augustino proponit quaestiones de Trinitate.

 EPISTOLA CXX . Consentio ad quaestiones de Trinitate sibi propositas.

 EPISTOLA CXXI . Paulinus Nolensis episcopus Augustino proponit quaestiones aliquot, primum de Psalmis, tum de Apostolo, et ad extremum de Evangelio.

 EPISTOLA CXXII . Augustinus clero et populo Hipponensi excusat absentiam suam, adhortans ut in sublevandis pauperibus solito sint alacriores, ob affli

 EPISTOLA CXXIII . Hieronymus Augustino quaedam per aenigma renuntians.

 EPISTOLA CXXIV . Augustinus ad Albinam, Pinianum et Melaniam ipsius desiderio venientes in Africam et Thagastae commorantes excusat se, quod illuc ad

 EPISTOLA CXXV . Cum Hipponem ad invisendum Augustinum venisset Pinianus, ibique rei sacrae interesset, subito populi tumultu ad presbyterium postulatu

 EPISTOLA CXXVI . Ejusdem argumenti cum superiore: Albinae scilicet Augustinus exponit quomodo res apud Hipponem circa Pinianum gesta fuerit, expostula

 EPISTOLA CXXVII . Augustinus Armentarium et hujus uxorem Paulinam hortatur ut mundum contemnant, et continentiae votum quo se pariter obligarunt exsol

 EPISTOLA CXXVIII . Marcellini edicto collationis apud Carthaginem habendae conditiones praescribenti consentire se profitentur episcopi catholici id

 EPISTOLA CXXIX . Catholici episcopi Notoriae Donatistarum respondent, significantes Marcellino se illis concedere quod petierant, ut universi qui vene

 EPISTOLA CXXX . Augustinus Probae viduae diviti praescribit quomodo sit orandus Deus.

 EPISTOLA CXXXI . Augustinus Probam resalutat, et gratias agit quod de salute ipsius fuerit sollicita.

 EPISTOLA CXXXII . Augustinus Volusiano, exhortans illum ut sacrarum scripturarum lectioni vacet, sibique rescribat si quid in eis difficultatis legent

 EPISTOLA CXXXIII . Augustinus Marcellino tribuno, ut Donatistas in quaestione confessos atrocia facinora, puniat citra supplicium capitis, uti congrui

 EPISTOLA CXXXIV . Augustinus Apringium proconsulem rogat ac monet ut Circumcelliones atrocia confessos mitius puniat, memor ecclesiasticae mansuetudin

 EPISTOLA CXXXV . Volusianus Augustino, proponens illi quaestiones: quomodo Deus immensus claudi potuerit utero virginis, et infantis corpusculo an mu

 EPISTOLA CXXXVI . Marcellinus Augustino, rogans ut Volusiano faciat satis, et narrans quosdam calumniari quod Deus veterem Legem prae taedio seu consi

 EPISTOLA CXXXVII . Respondet Augustinus ad singulas quaestiones superius propositas a Volusiano.

 EPISTOLA CXXXVIII . Augustinus ad Marcellinum, respondens epistolae 136, qua nimirum ille petierat ut satisfaceret Volusiano, et significarat quosdam

 EPISTOLA CXXXIX . Ut Gesta quae adversus Donatistas confecta sunt publicentur, utque rei castigentur mitius et citra mortis poenam.

 DE GRATIA NOVI TESTAMENTI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CXL.

 EPISTOLA CXLI . Ad populum factionis donatianae, quomodo illorum episcopi in Carthaginensi collatione convicti sint. Itaque nunc demum redeant ad Eccl

 EPISTOLA CXLII . Augustinus Saturnino et Eufrati presbyteris, aliisque clericis, gratulans de ipsorum reditu ad Ecclesiam, eosque in ejus communione c

 EPISTOLA CXLIII . Paucis respondet ad quaestionem ex divinis Libris propositam a Marcellino. Tum explicat locum taxatum ex libris suis de Libero Arbit

 EPISTOLA CXLIV . Augustinus Cirtensibus a factione Donatistarum conversis ad Ecclesiae catholicae societatem gratulatur admonens ut hoc divino tribua

 EPISTOLA CXLV . Anastasio rescribens Augustinus, docet non per legem sed per gratiam, neque timore sed charitate impleri justitiam.

 EPISTOLA CXLVI . Pelagium resalutat, et pro litteris ipsius officiosis gratiam habet.

 DE VIDENDO DEO LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CXLVII . Docet Deum corporeis oculis videri non posse.

 EPISTOLA CXLVIII . Augustinus Fortunatiano episcopo Siccensi, ut episcopum quemdam ipsi reconciliet, quem litteris asperioribus offenderat, praesertim

 EPISTOLA CXLIX . Respondet ad quaestiones ex Psalmis, ex Apostolo, et ex Evangelio propositas a Paulino superius, in epistola centesima vicesima prima

 EPISTOLA CL . Augustinus Probae et Julianae nobilibus viduis gratulatur de filia earum Demetriade, quae virginitatis velum acceperat agens gratias pr

 EPISTOLA CLI . Caeciliano significat sui erga illum animi studium, vereremque amicitiam nihil imminutam esse: haudquaquam enim suspicari conscium ipsu

 EPISTOLA CLII . Macedonius Augustino, quaerens num ex religione sit quod episcopi apud judices intercedant pro reis.

 EPISTOLA CLIII . Quaesito respondet Augustinus multa obiter disserens de restituendis rebus quae proximo ablatae vel male partae sunt.

 EPISTOLA CLIV . Macedonius Augustino, significans se praestitisse quod ab ipso verecunde adeo petierat tum etiam ipsius libros magna cum voluptate et

 EPISTOLA CLV . Augustinus Macedonio, docens vitam beatam et virtutem veram non esse nisi a Deo.

 EPISTOLA CLVI . Hilarius Augustino, proponens illi quaestiones aliquot de quibus cupit edoceri.

 EPISTOLA CLVII . Augustinus Hilario, respondens ad illius quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA CLVIII . Evodius Uzalensis episcopus laudabiles mores ac felicem adolescentis cujusdam obitum prosecutus, ejusque et aliorum defunctorum narr

 EPISTOLA CLIX . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad quaestiones de anima soluta corpore, et de visis prodigiosis.

 EPISTOLA CLX . Evodius Augustino, movens quaestionem de ratione et Deo.

 EPISTOLA CLXI . Evodius Augustino, de eo quod scriptum est in epistola 137, ad Volusianum, «Si ratio quaeritur, non erit mirabile, » etc., quo dicto a

 EPISTOLA CLXII . Augustinus Evodio respondet solutionem quaestionis in epistola 160 propositae petendum esse ex aliis opusculis a se editis. Confirmat

 EPISTOLA CLXIII . Evodius Augustino proponit aliquot quaestiones.

 EPISTOLA CLXIV . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad duas quaestiones, quarum altera est de loco obscuro primae Petri, tertio capite, altera de anima Chr

 EPISTOLA CLXV . Hieronymus Marcellino et Anapsychiae, exponens diversas sententias de origine animae, hortans ut reliqua petant ab Augustino, et indic

 DE ORIGINE ANIMAE HOMINIS LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXVI .

 DE SENTENTIA JACOBI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXVII .

 EPISTOLA CLXVIII . Timasius et Jacobus Augustino, gratias agentes pro scripto ipsis libro de Natura et Gratia, adversus libellum Pelagii, naturam non

 EPISTOLA CLXIX . Augustinus Evodio, respondens ad duas quaestiones, de Trinitate, et de columba in qua Spiritus sanctus demonstratus est docens diffi

 EPISTOLA CLXX . Alypius et Augustinus Maximo medico recens ab ariana haeresi ad fidem catholicam converso, hortantes ut studeat et alios eodem adducer

 EPISTOLA CLXXI Excusat formam superioris epistolae ad Maximum datae.

 EPISTOLA CLXXII . Hieronymus Augustino, laudans quidem illius duos libellos de Origine animae, ac de Sententia Jacobi sed excusans cur non responderi

 EPISTOLA CLXXIII . Augustinus Donato, villae Mutugennae in dioecesi Hipponensi presbytero donatistae, qui jussus comprehendi et adduci ad ecclesiam, c

 EPISTOLA CLXXIV . Augustinus Aurelio Carthaginensi episcopo, transmittens libros de Trinitate, absolutos demum secundum 0758 ipsius Aurelii aliorumque

 EPISTOLA CLXXV . Patres concilii Carthaginensis, Innocentio pontifici Romano, de actis adversus Pelagium et Celestium.

 EPISTOLA CLXXVI . Milevitani concilii Patres Innocentio, de cohibendis Pelagianis haereticis.

 EPISTOLA CLXXVII Aurelius aliique tres una cum Augustino episcopi, ad Innocentium de Pelagio, retegentes ipsius haeresim, eamque ab apostolica Sede pr

 EPISTOLA CLXXVIII . Augustinus Hilario, de Pelagiana haeresi duobus in Africa conciliis damnata.

 EPISTOLA CLXXIX . Augustinus Joanni episcopo Jerosolymitano, retegens Pelagii haeresim contentam in ejus libro, quem ipsi transmittit una cum libro de

 EPISTOLA CLXXX . Augustinus Oceano, rescribens paucis de animae origine, et de officioso mendacio, petensque ut mittat Hieronymi librum de Resurrectio

 EPISTOLA CLXXXI . Innocentius, Carthaginensis concilii Patribus, confirmans ipsorum doctrinam ac sententiam adversus Pelagianos.

 EPISTOLA CLXXXII . Innocentius Romanus pontifex, Patribus concilii Milevitani, comprobans illorum acta adversus Pelagianos.

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIII . Innocentii ad quinque Episcopos rescriptum, improbantis doctrinam Pelagii, eumque, nisi haeresim ejuret, damnandum esse pronuntian

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIV .

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIV BIS . Laudans Petri et Abrahae studium, Pelagianos obiter notat, probatque parvulos absque baptismo decedentes, utpote concupiscentia

 EPISTOLA CLXXXVI . Alypius et Augustinus Paulino episcopo, ipsum plenius instituentes adversus Pelagii haeresim.

 DE PRAESENTIA DEI LIBER, SEU EPISTOLA CLXXXVII .

 EPISTOLA CLXXXVIII . Augustinus et Alypius Julianae viduae matri Demetriadis virginis, ne ipsa familiave ipsius imbibat virus propinatum in libro ad D

 EPISTOLA CLXXXIX . Bonifacio in militia merenti praescribit vitae rationem ostendens obiter licere christiano pro publica pace arma tractare.

 EPISTOLA CXC . Optato demonstrat quid de animae origine certum sit, quid merito vocetur in dubium, satagendumque esse hac in quaestione ut salva sit i

 EPISTOLA CXCI . Sixto presbytero (postea pontifici Romano) qui contra Pelagianos, quibus favisse rumor fuerat, defensionem gratiae Dei suscepisset, gr

 EPISTOLA CXCII . Augustinus Coelestino diacono (postea pontifici Romano), de mutua benevolentia.

 EPISTOLA CXCIII . Augustinus Mercatori, excusans cur ad ipsius priores litteras nondum responderit, ostendensque Pelagianos in quaestione de baptismo

 EPISTOLA CXCIV . Augustinus Sixto Romano presbytero (et postea Pontifici), instruens illum adversus Pelagianorum argumenta.

 EPISTOLA CXCV . Hieronymus Augustino, gratulans illi quod haereticorum omnium meruerit odium quod quidem gaudet sibi cum illo esse commune.

 EPISTOLA CXCVI . Augustinus Asellico episcopo, docens quae sit utilitas Mosaicae legis, quam Judaeorum more observare non licet Christianis: hos enim

 EPISTOLA CXCVII . Augustinus Hesychio Salonitano episcopo, de die supremo mundi non inquirendo, deque Hebdomadibus Danielis.

 EPISTOLA CXCVIII . Hesychius Augustino, significans consideratis divinis testimoniis de saeculi fine videri sibi diem quidem et horam frustra inquiri

 EPISTOLA CXCIX . DE FINE SAECULI . Augustinus Hesychio, commonstrans quomodo sint intelligentia Scripturae loca quae varie loquuntur de fine saeculi

 EPISTOLA CC . Augustinus Valerio comiti, transmittens nuncupatum ipsi librum primum de Nuptiis et Concupiscentia.

 EPISTOLA CCI . Imperatores nova in Pelagianos eorumque fautores sanctione edita, mandant Aurelio, necnon Augustino per ejusdem tenoris litteras seorsu

 EPISTOLA CCII . Hieronymus Alypio et Augustino gratulatur, quorum opera Celestiana haeresis exstincta sit et excusat cur nondum refellerit libros Ann

 EPISTOLA CCII BIS . Optato significat suae de animae origine consultationi abs Hieronymo non fuisse responsum, neque se hactenus quidquam de hac quaes

 EPISTOLA CCIII . Augustinus Largo, ut bona saeculi hujus vana expertus contemnat, utque ex perpessione malorum melior evadat.

 EPISTOLA CCIV . Augustinus Dulcitio tribuno et notario, imperialiumque jussionum adversus Donatistas datarum exsecutori, ex lib. 2 Retract., c. 59, si

 EPISTOLA CCV . Augustinus Consentio, respondens ad illius percontationes de corpore Christi quale nunc sit, necnon de nostris corporibus qualia futura

 EPISTOLA CCVI . Valerio comiti Felicem episcopum commendat.

 EPISTOLA CCVII . Augustinus Claudio episcopo, transmittens ipsi libros contra Julianum elaboratos.

 EPISTOLA CCVIII . Augustinus Feliciae virgini, quae malam quorumdam Ecclesiae pastorum vitam iniquiori animo ferebat (an Antonii Fussalensis de quo in

 EPISTOLA CCIX . Augustinus Coelestino Romano Pontifici, de ipsius electione pacifice facta (quae ad finem anni 422 referri potest) gratulatur: tum exp

 EPISTOLA CCX . Augustinus Felicitati et Rustico, de malis tolerandis et de fraterna correptione forte occasione tumultus in sanctimonialium conventu

 EPISTOLA CCXI . Augustinus monachas quae dum student mutare praepositam, indecenter fuerant tumultuatae, revocat ad concordiam, et praescribit illis v

 EPISTOLA CCXII . Augustinus Quintiliano, commendat matrem viduam cum filia virgine, quae deferebant reliquias Stephani martyris.

 ACTA ECCLESIASTICA SEU EPISTOLA CCXIII . Ecclesiastica Gesta a B. Augustino confecta in designando ERACLIO qui ipsi in episcopatu succederet, atque in

 EPISTOLA CCXIV . Augustinus Valentino Abbati et Monachis Adrumetinis, oborta inter eos dissensione de libero arbitrio et justitia Dei, ex prava interp

 EPISTOLA CCXV . Augustinus Valentine ejusque monachis, de eodem argumento, simul transmittens ipsis librum de Gratia et Libero Arbitrio.

 EPISTOLA CCXVI. . Valentinus Augustino, renuntians quae exstiterit causa dissidii, quive auctores tumultus in suo coenobio tum declarans fidem suam d

 EPISTOLA CCXVII . Augustinus Vitali Carthaginensi, delato quod doceret initium fidei non esse donum Dei, reclamat fortiter, ipsumque ex precibus Eccle

 EPISTOLA CCXVIII . Palatinum adhortatur ut in christiana sapientia proficiat ac perseveret, id summopere cavens ne spem bene vivendi collocet in propr

 EPISTOLA CCXIX . Augustinus aliique Africani patres, Gallicanis episcopis Proculo et Cylinnio qui Leporium monachum in fide incarnationis Verbi errant

 EPISTOLA CCXX . Augustinus Bonifacio comiti, qui concepto prius voto monachismi, post, ex ipsius consilio, suscepit comitis potestatem at praeter ips

 EPISTOLA CCXXI . Quodvultdeus Augustino, flagitans ut haereseon omnium quae adversus christianam fidem pullularunt, catalogum scribat, earumque errore

 EPISTOLA CCXXII . Augustinus Quodvultdeo, excusans propositi operis difficultatem, remque ab aliis tentatam esse admonens.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIII . Augustino Quodvultdeus, rursum efflagitans ut scribat opusculum de haeresibus.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIV . Augustinus Quodvultdeo, spondens se de haeresibus scripturum, dum per alias occupationes licebit. Nunc enim ab Alypio se urgeri dici

 EPISTOLA CCXXV . Prosper Augustino, de reliquiis pelagianae haereseos in Gallia sub catholico nomine clam succrescentibus certiorem ipsum faciens, ac

 EPISTOLA CCXXVI . Hilarius Augustino, de eodem argumento.

 EPISTOLA CCXXVII . Augustinus Alypio seni, de Gabiniano recens baptizato, et de Dioscoro miraculis converso ad Christianismum.

 EPISTOLA CCXXVIII . Augustinus Honorato, docens quandonam episcopo sive clericis fugere liceat, imminente obsidionis aut excidii periculo.

 EPISTOLA CCXXIX . Augustinus Dario comiti, qui pacis conferendae causa missus sit, gratulatur, et provocat ad rescribendum.

 EPISTOLA CCXXX . Darius Augustino, pro litteris ab eo acceptis gratiam referens, et petens mitti sibi libros Confessionum, seque ipsius apud Deum prec

 EPISTOLA CCXXXI . Augustinus Dario, declarans se ipsius litteris summopere delectatum, et quare ubi multa obiter de humanae laudis amore dicit: mitti

 EPISTOLA CCXXXII . Madaurenses idololatras ad veram religionem hortatur, terrorem incutiens denuntiatione judicii extremi, quod venturum esse persuade

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIII . Augustinus Longiniano pagano philosopho, provocans illum ad scribendum quonam modo Deum colendum credat, quidve de Christo sentiat

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIV . Longinianus Augustino, ad id respondens juxta Trimegistum et Platonicos, per minores deos perveniri ad summum Deum, sed non sine sa

 EPISTOLA CCXXXV . Augustinus Longiniano, explanari quaerens cur putari opus sacrificiis purificatoriis ei qui jam divinis virtutibus sit circumvallatu

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVI . Augustinus Deuterio episcopo, significat se Victorinum hypodiaconum qui clam docuerat haeresim Manichaeorum, deprehensum e clericor

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVII . Augustinus Ceretio, de Priscillianistarum fraude in Scripturis, cum sacris, tum apocryphis exponendis deque hymno quem a Christo

 EPISTOLA CCXXXVIII . Augustinus Pascentio, domus regiae comiti ariano, qui ipsum ad colloquium apud Carthaginem provocarat (ex Possidio, c. 17), et in

 EPISTOLA CCXXXIX . Augustinus Pascentio, de eadem re urgens ut explanet fidem suam.

 EPISTOLA CCXL . Pascentius Augustinum contumeliose compellat, urgens ut proferat qui se tribus personis sit unus Deus, ad conflictum sub arbitris prov

 EPISTOLA CCXLI . Augustinus Deum unum profitetur, triformem negat, conflictum non detrectat, si excipiantur quae dicuntur.

 EPISTOLA CCXLII . Augustinus Elpidio ariano, probans Filium Dei esse Deo aequalem, genitumque ex ipso, non factum spondens etiam se ariani cujusdam l

 EPISTOLA CCXLIII . Augustinus Laeto, qui perfectum mundi contemptum aggressus, videbatur sollicitari per satanam ad repetenda quae reliquerat. Hunc an

 EPISTOLA CCXLIV . Augustinus Chrisimo, consolans ne deficiat in adversis.

 EPISTOLA CCXLV . Augustinus Possidio, de cultu, fucis et inauribus, et de non ordinando quodam in parte Donati baptizato.

 EPISTOLA CCXLVI . Augustinus Lampadio, ostendens fatum in peccatis perperam excusari, quippe cujus vel ipsi mathematici nullam rationem habeant in sub

 EPISTOLA CCXLVII . Augustinus Romulum potentem hominem, quem in Christo genuerat, obsecrat ne nimium acerbus et injustus exactor sit tributorum admini

 EPISTOLA CCXLVIII . Augustinus Sebastiano, de pia tristitia quam boni ferunt ex impietate malorum. Huic epistolae subscripsit Alypius.

 EPISTOLA CCXLIX . Augustinus Restituto, quatenus mali tolerandi in Ecclesia.

 EPISTOLA CCL . Augustinus senex Auxilio episcopo juveni, ut aut anathematis sententiam rescindat, aut doceat quibus adductus causis putet ob unius pec

 EPISTOLA CCLI . Augustinus Pancario, de Secundino presbytero criminum quorumdam insimulato: contra quem accusationes haereticorum admittere non vult,

 EPISTOLA CCLII . Augustinus Felici, de pupilla quadam Ecclesiae tutelae commissa.

 EPISTOLA CCLIII . Augustinus ad Benenatum, de eadem puella (ut videtur) in matrimonium non tradenda nisi viro catholico.

 EPISTOLA CCLIV . Augustinus ad eumdem Benenatum, pronubum agentem Rustici filio.

 EPISTOLA CCLV . Augustinus ad Rusticum, de puella in connubium ejus filio petita.

 EPISTOLA CCLVI . Officiose Augustinus ad Christinum scribit.

 EPISTOLA CCLVII . Augustinus Orontio, resalutans illum.

 EPISTOLA CCLVIII . Augustinus Martiano veteri amico, gratulatur quod catechumenus sit factus, hortans illum ut fidelium Sacramenta percipiat.

 EPISTOLA CCLIX . Augustinus Cornelio scortis dedito, admonens illum ut Cyprianae uxoris defunctae pudicitiam imitetur, si velit illius impetrare laude

 EPISTOLA CCLX . Audax Augustino, flagitans mitti sibi prolixiorem epistolam.

 EPISTOLA CCLXI . Augustinus Audaci excusat occupationes suas, admonens ut vel intendat evolvendis ipsius libris, vel praesens audiat ipsum loquentem.

 EPISTOLA CCLXII . Augustinus Ecdiciae, quae nesciente viro suo, bona sua in eleemosynam distribuerat, et vidualem habitum induerat, correctionem adhib

 EPISTOLA CCLXIII . Augustinus Sapidae virgini, renuntiat se accepisse tunicam ipsius manibus contextam fratri, quem ipsa mortuum lugebat jamque eam,

 EPISTOLA CCLXIV Consolatur Maximam piam feminam, quae aegre admodum et perturbato aliquantum animo videbat noxiis erroribus periclitari provinciam sua

 EPISTOLA CCLXV . Augustinus Seleucianae, de baptismo et poenitentia Petri, contra quemdam novatianum.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVI . Augustinus Florentinae puellae studiosae, offerens suam docendi operam, si proferat quid velit exponi.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVII . Augustinus Fabiolae peregrinationem suam in hac vita moleste ferenti, de praesentia animorum nexu amicitiae vinctorum.

 EPISTOLA CCLXVIII . Fascius quidam aere alieno obrutus ad ecclesiam confugerat cujus creditoribus, mutua accepta pecunia, Augustinus satisfecit: eam

 EPISTOLA CCLXIX . Augustinus Nobilio episcopo, significans ad dedicationem novae fabricae se venire non posse.

 EPISTOLA CCLXX . Augustino Anonymus (non enim Hieronymus, uti ex stilo liquet, tametsi in ipsius Epistolis haec edita sit numero 40), significans se m

Letter CXI.

(November, a.d. 409.)

To Victorianus, His Beloved Lord and Most Longed-for Brother and Fellow-Presbyter, Augustin Sends Greeting in the Lord.

1. My heart has been filled with great sorrow by your letter. You asked me to discuss certain things at great length in my reply; but such calamities as you narrate claim rather many groans and tears than prolix treatises. The whole world, indeed, is afflicted with such portentous misfortunes, that there is scarcely any place where such things as you describe are not being committed and complained of. A short time ago some brethren were massacred by the barbarians even in those deserts of Egypt in which, in order to perfect security, they had chosen places remote from all disturbance as the sites of their monasteries. I suppose, moreover, that the outrages which they have perpetrated in the regions of Italy and Gaul are known to you also; and now similar events begin to be announced to us from many provinces of Spain, which for long seemed exempt from these evils. But why go to a distance for examples? Behold! in our own county of Hippo, which the barbarians have not yet touched, the ravages of the Donatist clergy and Circumcelliones make such havoc in our churches, that perhaps the cruelties of barbarians would be light in comparison. For what barbarian could ever have devised what these have done, viz. casting lime and vinegar into the eyes of our clergymen, besides atrociously beating and wounding every part of their bodies? They also sometimes plunder and burn houses, rob granaries, and pour out oil and wine; and by threatening to do this to all others in the district, they compel many even to be re-baptized. Only yesterday, tidings came to me of forty-eight souls in one place having submitted, under fear of such things, to be rebaptized.

2. These things should make us weep, but not wonder; and we ought to cry unto God that not for our merit, but according to His mercy, He may deliver us from so great evils. For what else was to be expected by the human race, seeing that these things were so long ago foretold both by the prophets and in the Gospels? We ought not, therefore, to be so inconsistent as to believe these Scriptures when they are read by us, and to complain when they are fulfilled; rather, surely, ought even those who had refused to believe when they read or heard these things in Scripture to become believers now when they behold the word fulfilled; so that under this great pressure, as it were, in the olive-press of the Lord our God, although there be the dregs of unbelieving murmurs and blasphemies, there is also a steady out flowing of pure oil in the confessions and prayers of believers. For unto those men who incessantly reproach the Christian faith, impiously saying that the human race did not suffer such grievous calamities before the Christian doctrine was promulgated throughout the world, it is easy to find a reply in the Lord’s own words in the gospel, “That servant which knew not his lord’s will, and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes; but the servant which knew his lord’s will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes.”947    Luke xii. 47, 48. What is there to excite surprise, if, in the Christian dispensation, the world, like that servant, knowing the will of the Lord, and refusing to do it, is beaten with many stripes? These men remark the rapidity with which the gospel is proclaimed: they do not remark the perversity with which by many it is despised. But the meek and pious servants of God, who have to bear a double portion of temporal calamities, since they suffer both at the hands of wicked men and along with them, have also consolations peculiarly their own, and the hope of the world to come; for which reason the apostle says, “The sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall hereafter be revealed in us.”948    Rom. viii. 18.

3. Wherefore, my beloved, even when you meet those whose words you say you cannot bear, because they say, “If we have deserved these things for our sins, how comes it that the servants of God are cut off not less than ourselves by the sword of the barbarians, and the handmaids of God are led away into captivity?”—answer them humbly, truly, and piously in such words as these: However carefully we keep the way of righteousness, and yield obedience to our Lord, can we be better than those three men who were cast into the fiery furnace for keeping the law of God? And yet, read what Azarias, one of those three, said, opening his lips in the midst of the fire: “Blessed art Thou, O Lord God of our fathers: Thy name is worthy to be praised and glorified for evermore; for Thou art righteous in all the things that Thou hast done to us; yea, true are all Thy works: Thy ways are right, and all Thy judgments truth. In all the things which Thou hast brought upon us, and upon the holy city of our fathers, even Jerusalem, Thou hast executed true judgment; for according to truth and judgment didst Thou bring all these things upon us because of our sins. For we have sinned and committed iniquity, departing from Thee. In all things have we trespassed, and not obeyed Thy commandments, nor kept them, neither done as Thou hast commanded us, that it might go well with us. Wherefore all that Thou hast brought upon us, and everything that Thou hast done to us, Thou hast done in true judgment. And Thou didst deliver us into the hands of lawless enemies, most hateful forsakers of God, and to an unjust king, and the most wicked in all the world. And now we cannot open our mouths: we are become a shame and reproach to Thy servants, and to them that worship Thee. Yet deliver us not up wholly, for Thy name’s sake, neither disannul Thou Thy covenant; and cause not Thy mercy to depart from us, for Thy beloved Abraham’s sake, for Thy servant Isaac’s sake, and for Thy holy Israel’s sake, to whom Thou hast spoken, and promised that Thou wouldst multiply their seed as the stars of heaven, and as the sand that lieth upon the sea-shore. For we, O Lord, are become less than any nation, and be kept under this day in all the world because of our sins.”949    Song of the Three Holy Children, vers. 3–14. Here, my brother, thou mayest surely see how men such as they, men of holiness, men of courage in the midst of tribulation,—from which, however, they were delivered, the flame itself fearing to consume them, were not silent about their sins, but confessed them, knowing that because of these sins they were deservedly and justly brought low.

4. Nay, can we be better men than Daniel himself, concerning whom God, speaking to the prince of Tyre, says by the prophet Ezekiel, “Art thou wiser than Daniel?”950    Ezek. xxviii. 3. who also is placed among the three righteous men to whom alone God saith that He would grant deliverance,—pointing, doubtless, in them to three representative righteous men,—declaring that he would deliver only Noah, Daniel, and Job, and that they should save along with themselves neither son nor daughter, but only their own souls?951    Ezek. xiv. 14, 18, 20. Nevertheless, read also the prayer of Daniel, and see how, when in captivity, he confesses not only the sins of his people, but his own also, and acknowledges that because of these the justice of God has visited them with the punishment of captivity and with reproach. For it is thus written: “And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes: and I prayed unto the Lord my God, and made my confession, and said: O Lord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love Him, and to them that keep His commandments; we have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from Thy precepts and from Thy judgments: neither have we hearkened unto Thy servants the prophets, which spake in Thy name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land. O Lord, righteousness belongeth unto Thee, but unto us confusion of faces, as at this day; to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, that are near, and that are far off, through all the countries whither Thou hast driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against Thee. O Lord, to us belongeth confusion of face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against Thee. To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, though we have rebelled against Him; neither have we obeyed the voice of the Lord, to walk in His laws which He set before us by His servants the prophets. Yea, all Israel have transgressed Thy law, even by departing, that they might not obey Thy voice; therefore the curse is poured upon us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against them. And He hath confirmed His words which He spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil; for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem. As it is written in the law of Moses, all this evil is come upon us: yet made we not our prayer before the Lord our God, that we might turn from our iniquities and understand Thy truth. Therefore hath the Lord watched upon the evil, and brought it upon us; for the Lord our God is righteous in all His works which He doeth; for we obeyed not His voice. And now, O Lord our God, that hast brought Thy people forth out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and hast gotten Thee renown as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly. O Lord, according to all Thy righteousness, I beseech Thee, let Thine anger and Thy fury be turned away from Thy city Jerusalem, Thy holy mountain, because, for our sins, and for the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and Thy people are become a reproach to all that are about us. Now, therefore, O our God, hear the prayer of Thy servant, and His supplications, and cause Thy face to shine upon Thy sanctuary which is desolate, for the Lord’s sake. O my God, incline Thine ear, and hear; open Thine eyes, and behold our desolations, and the city which is called by Thy name; for we do not present our supplications before Thee for our righteousnesses, but for Thy great mercies. O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken and do: defer not, for Thine own sake, O my God; for Thy city and Thy people are called by Thy name. And while I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin, and the sin of my people…”952    Dan. ix. 3–20. Observe how he spoke first of his own sins, and then of the sins of his people. And he extols the righteousness of God, and gives praise to God for this, that He visits even His saints with the rod, not unjustly, but because of their sins. If, therefore, this be the language of men who by reason of their eminent sanctity found even encompassing flames and lions harmless, what language would befit men standing on a level so low as we occupy, seeing that, whatever righteousness we may seem to practise, we are very far from being worthy of comparison with them?

5. Lest, however, any one should think that those servants of God, whose death at the hand of barbarians you relate, ought to have been delivered from them in the same manner as the three young men were delivered from the fire, and Daniel from the lions, let such an one know that these miracles were performed in order that the kings by whom they were delivered to these punishments might believe that they worshipped the true God. For in His hidden counsel and mercy God was in this manner making provision for the salvation of these kings. It pleased Him, however, to make no such provision in the case of Antiochus the king, who cruelly put the Maccabees to death; but He punished the heart of the obdurate king with sharper severity through their most glorious sufferings. Yet read what was said by even one of them—the sixth who suffered: “After him they brought also the sixth, who, being ready to die, said, ‘Be not deceived without cause; for we suffer these things for ourselves, having sinned against God: therefore marvellous things are done unto us; but think not thou that takest in hand to strive against God and His law that thou shalt escape unpunished.’”953    2 Macc. vii. 18, 19. You see how these also are wise in the exercise of humility and sincerity, confessing that they are chastened because of their sins by the Lord, of whom it is written: “Whom the Lord loveth He correcteth,”954    Prov. iii. 12. and “He scourgeth every son whom He receiveth;”955    Heb. xii. 6. wherefore the Apostle says also, “If we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged; but when we are judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with the world.”956    1 Cor. xi. 31, 32.

6. These things read faithfully, and proclaim faithfully; and to the utmost of your power beware, and teach others that they must beware, of murmuring against God in these trials and tribulations. You tell me that good, faithful, and holy servants of God have been cut off by the sword of the barbarians. But what matters it whether it is by sickness or by sword that they have been set free from the body? The Lord is careful as to the character with which His servants go from this world—not as to the mere circumstances of their departure, excepting this, that lingering weakness involves more suffering than a sudden death; and yet we read of this same protracted and dreadful weakness as the lot of that Job to whose righteousness God Himself, who cannot be deceived, bears such testimony.

7. Most calamitous, and much to be bewailed, is the captivity of chaste and holy women; but their God is not in the power of their captors, nor does He forsake those captives whom He knows indeed to be His own. For those holy men, the record of whose sufferings and confessions I have quoted from the Holy Scriptures, being held in captivity by enemies who had carried them away, uttered those words, which, preserved in writing, we can read for ourselves, in order to make us understand that servants of God, even when they are in captivity, are not forsaken by their Lord. Nay, more, do we know what wonders of power and grace the almighty and merciful God may please to accomplish by means of these captive women even in the land of the barbarians? Be that as it may, cease not to intercede with groanings on their behalf before God, and to seek, so far as your power and His providence permits you, to do for them whetever can be done, and to give them whatever consolation can be given, as time and opportunity may be granted. A few years ago, a nun, a grand-daughter of Bishop Severus, was carried off by barbarians from the neighbourhood of Sitifa, and was by the marvellous mercy of God restored with great honour to her parents. For at the very time when the maiden entered the house of her barbarian captors, it became the scene of much distress through the sudden illness of its owners, all the barbarians—three brothers, if I mistake not, or more—being attacked with most dangerous disease. Their mother observed that the maiden was dedicated to God, and believed that by her prayers her sons might be delivered from the danger of death, which was imminent. She begged her to intercede for them, promising that if they were healed she should be restored to her parents. She fasted and prayed, and straightway was heard; for, as the result showed, the event had been appointed that this might take place. They therefore, having recovered health by this unexpected favour from God, regarded her with admiration and respect, and fulfilled the promise which their mother had made.

8. Pray, therefore, to God for them, and beseech Him to enable them to say such things as the holy Azariah, whom we have mentioned, poured forth along with other expressions in his prayer and confession before God. For in the land of their captivity these women are in circumstances similar to those of the three Hebrew youths in that land in which they could not sacrifice to the Lord their God in the manner prescribed: they cannot either bring an oblation to the altar of God, or find a priest by whom their oblation may be presented to God. May God therefore grant them grace to say to Him what Azariah said in the following sentences of his prayer: “Neither is there at this time prince, or prophet, or leader, or burnt-offering, or sacrifice, or oblation, or incense, or place to sacrifice before Thee, and to find mercy: nevertheless, in a contrite heart and humble spirit let us be accepted. Like as in the burnt-offerings of rams and bullocks, and like as in ten thousands of fat lambs, so let our sacrifice be in Thy sight this day. And grant that we may wholly go after Thee; for they shall not be confounded that put their trust in Thee. And now we follow Thee with all our heart: we fear Thee and seek Thy face. Put us not to shame, but deal with us after Thy loving-kindness, and according to the multitude of Thy mercies. Deliver us also according to Thy marvellous works, and give glory to Thy name, O Lord; and let all them that do Thy servants hurt be ashamed: and let them be confounded in all their power and might, and let their strength be broken: and let them know that Thou art Lord, the only God, and glorious over the whole world.”957    Song of the Three Children, vers. 15–22.

9. When His servants use these words, and pray fervently to God, He will stand by them, as He has been wont ever to stand by His own, and will either not permit their chaste bodies to suffer any wrong from the lust of their enemies, or if He permit this, He will not lay sin to their charge in the matter. For when the soul is not defiled by any impurity of consent to such wrong, the body also is thereby protected from all participation in the guilt; and in so far as nothing was committed or permitted by lust on the part of her who suffers, the whole blame lies with him who did the wrong, and all the violence done to the sufferer will be regarded not as implying the baseness of wanton compliance, but as a wound blamelessly endured. For such is the worth of unblemished purity in the soul, that while it remains intact, the body also retains its purity unsullied, even although by violence its members may be overpowered.

I beg your Charity to be satisfied with this letter, which is very long considering my other work (although too short to meet your wishes), and is somewhat hurriedly written, because the bearer is in haste to be gone. The Lord will furnish you with much more abundant consolation if you read attentively His holy word.

EPISTOLA CXI . Augustinus Victoriano presbytero, consolans eum ad toleranter accipienda mala quae barbari, in Italiam et Hispaniam incursionem facientes, inferebant sanctis viris et sacris virginibus.

0422

Domino dilectissimo et desiderantissimo fratri et compresbytero VICTORIANO, AUGUSTINUS, in Domino salutem.

1. Litterae tuae impleverunt grandi dolore cor nostrum, quibus petisti ut prolixo opere aliqua responderem; cum talibus malis magis prolixi gemitus et fletus, quam prolixi libri debeantur. Totus quippe mundus tantis affligitur cladibus, ut pene pars nulla terrarum sit, ubi non talia, qualia scripsisti, committantur atque plangantur. Nam ante parvum tempus, etiam in illis solitudinibus Aegypti, ubi monasteria separata ab omni strepitu, quasi secura delogerant , a barbaris interfecti sunt fratres. Jamvero quae modo in regionibus Italiae, quae in Galliis nefaria perpetrata sint, etiam vos latere non arbitron; de Hispanis quoque tot provinciis, quae ab his malis diu videbantur intactae, coeperunt jam talia nuntiari. Sed quid longe imus? Ecce in regione nostra Hipponensi, quoniam eam barbari non attigerunt, clericorum donatistarum et Circumcellionum latrocinia sic vastant ecclesias, ut barbarorum fortasse facta mitiora sint. Quis enim barbarus excogitare potuit quod isti, ut in oculos clericorum nostrorum calcem et acetum mitterent, quorum membra etiam caetera plagis horrendis vulneribusque sauciarunt? Depraedantur etiam domos aliquas et incendunt, fructus aridos diripiunt, humidos fundunt, et talia caeteris comminando, multos etiam rebaptizari compellunt. Pridie quam ista ad te dictavi, ex uno loco per hujusmodi terrores quadraginta et octo animae mihi rebaptizatae nuntiatae sunt.

2. Plangenda sunt haec, non miranda, et exclamandum ad Deum, ut non secundum merita nostra. sed secundum misericordiam suam a tantis malis liberet nos. Nam quid utique sperandum fuit generi humano, cum haec et in Prophetis et in Evangelio tanto aute praedicta sint? Non itaque debemus tam nobisipsis esse contrarii, ut credamus quando leguntur, et queramur quando complentur: sed potius et illi qui increduli fuerant, cum haec in sanctis Libris conscripta legerent vel audirent, nunc saltem credere debent cum compleri jam vident; ut de his tum magnis pressuris tanquam in torculari Domini Dei nostri, sicut amurca infidelium murmurantium et blasphemantium fluit, ita oleum quoque fidelium confitentium et orantium exprimi et liquari non cesset. Illis enim qui contra christianam fidem querelas impias jactare non quiescunt, dicentes quod antequam ista doctrina per mundum praedicaretur, tanta mala non patiebatur genus humanum, facile est ex Evangelio respondere; Dominus enim dicit: Servus nesciens voluntatem domini sui, et faciens digna plagis, vapulabit paucas; servus autem sciens voluntatem domini sui, et faciens digna plagis, vapulabit multas (Luc. XII, 47, 48). Quid ergo mirum, si christianis temporibus iste mundus, tanquam servus jam sciens voluntatem Domini sui, et faciens digna plagis, vapulat multas? Attendunt quanta 0423 celeritate Evangelium praedicatur, et non attendunt quanta perversitate contemnitur. Servi autem Dei humiles et sancti, qui dupliciter mala temporalia patiuntur, quia et ab ipsis impiis, et cum ipsis patiuntur, habent consolationes suas, et spem futuri seculi; unde dicit Apostolus: Non sunt condignae passiones hujus temporis ad futuram gloriam, quae revelabitur in nobis (Rom. VIII, 18).

3. Proinde, charissime, etiam illis quorum verba dicis te ferre non posse, quoniam dicunt, Si nos peccatores ista meruimus, quare et servi Dei barbarorum ferro perempti sunt, et ancillae Dei captivae ductae sunt? humiliter et veraciter et pie responde: Quantamlibet enim justitiam servemus, quantamlibet Domino obedientiam exhibeamus, numquid meliores esse possumus illis tribus viris, qui in caminum ignis ardentis pro conservanda lege Dei projecti sunt? Et tamen lege quid illic dicat Azarias, unus ex tribus qui aperiens os suum in medio ignis, dixit: Benedictus es, Domine Deus patrum nostrorum, et laudabilis; et gloriosum nomen tuum in saecula: quoniam justus es in omnibus quae fecisti nobis, et omnia opera tua vera, et rectae viae tuae, et omnia judicia tua veritas, et judicia veritatis fecisti per omnia quae intulisti nobis, et civitati sanctae patrum nostrorum Jerusalem; quoniam in veritate et judicio intulisti nobis omnia haec, propter peccata nostra; quoniam peccavimus, et Legi tuae non paruimus, et mandatis tuis non obandivimus, ut bene nobis esset; et omnia quae intulisti nobis, in judicio vero intulisti. Et tradidisti nos in manus iniquorum inimicissimorum transfugarum, et regi injusto et pessimo ultra universam terram. Et nunc non est ut possimus aperire os: vere confusio et opprobrium facti sumus servis tuis, et eis qui te colunt. Ne tradideris nos in perpetuum propter nomen tuum, Domine, et ne despexeris testamentum tuum, et ne abstuleris misericordiam tuam a nobis, propter Abraham qui a te dilectus est, et propter Isaac servum tuum, et Israel sanctum tuum, quibus locutus es multiplicaturum te semen eorum ut astra coeli et arenam maris: quoniam, Domine, minimi facti sumus prae omnibus nationibus, et sumus humiles hodie in terra propter peccata nostra (Dan. III, 26-37). Vides certe, frater, quales viri, quam sancti, quam fortes in medio tribulationis, ubi tamen eis parcebatur, et eos urere ipsa flamma verebatur, peccata sua confitebantur, pro quibus se digne et juste humiliari noverant, nec tacebant.

4. Numquid etiam meliores esse possumus ipso Daniele, de quo per Ezechielem prophetam dicit Deus ad principem Tyri: Numquid tu sapientior quam Daniel (Ezech. XXVIII. 3)? Et qui ponitur unus in tribus justis quos dicit Deus solos se liberaturum; ostendens utique in illis tres quasdam formas justorum, quos ita se liberaturum dicit, ut nec filios suos secum liberent. sed ipsi soli liberentur, Noe. Daniel, et Job (Id. XIV, 14, 16) ? Lege tamen etiam precem 0424 Danielis, et vide quemadmodum in captivitate positus peccata, non tantum populi sui, verum etiam sua confiteatur, et pro his dicat per justitiam Dei se ad illam captivitatis poenam et opprobria pervenisse. Sic enim scriptum est: Et dedi faciem meam ad Dominum Deum, ut quaererem preces et obsecrationes in jejunationibus et sacco, et precatus sum Dominum Deum meum, et confessus sum, et dixi: Domine Deus magne et mirabilis, et qui servas testamentum tuum, et misericordiam diligentibus te et servantibus praecepta tua, peccavimus, adversus Legem fecimus, impie egimus, et recessimus, et declinavimus a praeceptis tuis, et a judiciis tuis, et non exaudivimus servos tuos Prophetas, qui loquebantur in nomine tuo ad reges nostros, et ad omnem populum terrae. Tibi, Domine, justitia, nobis autem confusio faciei, sicut dies hic viro Juda, et habitantibus Jerusalem, et omni Israel, qui proximi sunt, et qui longe sunt in omni terra, in qua eos disseminasti ibi, propter contumaciam eorum, quia improbaverunt te, Domine. Nobis autem confusio faciei, regibus nostris, et principibus nostris, et patribus nostris, qui peccavimus. Tibi Domino Deo nostro miserationes et propitiationes , quoniam recessimus, et non audivimus vocem Domini Dei nostri, ut essemus in praeceptis legis hujus quam dedit in conspectu nostro in manu servorum ejus Prophetarum. Et omnis Israel peccaverunt adversus legem tuam, et declinaverunt ne audirent vocem tuam: et supervenit nobis maledictio et jusjurandum, quod scriptum est in lege Moysi servi Dei, quoniam peccavimus, et statuit sermones suos, quos locutus est ad nos et ad judices nostros, qui judicabunt nos, superducere in nos mala magna, quae nunquam facta sunt sub omni coelo secundum ea quae facta sunt in Jerusalem. Sicut scriptum est in Lege Moysi, omnia mala haec venerunt ad nos, et non rogavimus Dominum Deum nostrum, ut averteret a nobis delicta nostra, et ut intelligeremus omnem veritatem tuam. Et vigilavit Dominus Deus ad omnem sanctum suum, et perduxit ea quae fecit ad nos, quoniam justus Dominus Deus noster in omni mundo suo quem fecit, et non audivimus vocem ejus. Et nunc, Domine Deus noster, qui eduxisti populum tuum de terra Aegypti in manu forti, et fecisti tibi nomen sicut dies hic, delicta adversus legem tuam fecimus. Domine, in omni misericordia tua avertatur impetus tuus, et ira tua a civitate tua Jerusalem, et monte sancto tuo. Propter peccata enim nostra et iniquitates patrum nostrorum, 0425 Jerusalem et populus tuus in confusionem venit omnibus qui circum nos sunt. Et nunc exaudi, Deus noster, preces servi tui et orationem ejus, et ostende nobis faciem tuam ad sanctificationem tuam quae deserta est. Propter te inclina, Domine Deus meus, aurem tuam, et exaudi; aperi oculos tuos, et vide interitum nostrum et civitatis tuae Jerusalem, super quam invocatum est nomen tuum super eam , quoniam non in nostra justitia jactavimus precem nostram in conspectu tuo, sed ad misericordiam tuam quae magna est. Exaudi Domine, propitiare Domine, intende Domine, et ne tardaveris propter te, Deus meus; quoniam nomen tuum invocatum est in civitate tua, super civitatem tuam et populum tuum. Et adhuc me loquente et orante et enumerante peccata mea et peccata populi mei (Dan. IX, 3-20). Vide quemadmodum sua peccata prius dixit, et postea populi sui. Et hanc Dei commendat justitiam, et hanc Dei laudem dicit, quia non injuste, sed pro peccatis eorum flagellat etiam ipsos sanctos suos. Si ergo ista dicunt qui excellentissima sanctitate ignes et leones circa se innoxios habuerunt, quid nos oportet dicere in humilitate nostra, qui tam longe illis impares sumus, quantamcumque justitiam servare videamur?

5. Sed ne aliquis existimet illos Dei servos, quos dicis a barbaris interfectos, sic illam mortem evadere debuisse, quomodo tres illi viri ab ignibus, et Daniel a leonibus liberatus est; sciat illa propterea facta miracula, ut eos verum Deum colere crederent reges, a quibus in illa supplicia tradebantur. Hoc enim erat in occulto judicio et misericordia Dei, ut illis regibus eo modo consuleret ad salutem. Antiocho autem regi, qui Machabaeos poenis crudelibus interemit, noluit ita consulere, sed eorum gloriosissimis passionibus cor duri regis acriori severitate punivit. Lege tamen, etiam unus illorum, qui sexto loco patiebatur, quid dicat. Ita enim scriptum est: Et post hunc sextum applicuerunt. Cumque hic tormentis excruciatus moreretur, dixit: Noli te seducere propter nos; haec patimur peccantes in Deum nostrum, et facta sunt haec digna nobis. Tu autem noli te putare impunitum futurum, qui adversus Deum et Legem ejus legibus tuis pugnare voluisti (II Mach. VII, 18, 19). Vides etiam isti quam humiliter et veraciter sapiant, qui pro peccatis suis se flagellari a Domino confitentur: de quo scriptum est, Quem enim diligit Dominus corripit (Prov. III, 12); flagellat autem omnem filium quem recipit (Hebr. XII, 6): unde et Apostolus, Si enim nosmetipsos judicaremus, a Domino non utique judicaremur. Cum judicamur autem 0426 a Domino corripimur, ne cum hoc mundo damnemur (I Cor. XI, 31, 32).

6. Haec fideliter lege, fideliter praedica, et quantum potes cave, et cavendum doce, ne adversus Deum in his tentationibus et tribulationibus murmuretur. Bonos dicis Dei servos et fideles et sanctos, gladio barbarorum peremptos. Quid autem interest, utrum eos febris an ferrum de corpore solverit? Non qua occasione exeant, sed quales ad se exeant Dominus attendit in servis suis, nisi quod majorem habet poenam languor diuturnus quam citissimus exitus: et tamen etiam ipsum languorem diuturnum et horrendum legimus, qualem passus est Job ille, cujus certe justitiae Deus ipse qui falli non potest, tale perhibet testimonium.

7. Gravissima sane et multum dolenda est illa captivitas feminarum castarum atque sanctarum, sed non est captivus earum Deus, nec captivas deserit suas, si novit suas. Nam et illi sancti quorum passiones et confessiones de Scripturis sanctis commemoravi, ab hostibus ducti atque in captivitate positi, illa dixerunt quae conscripta legerentur a nobis, ut disceremus captivos Dei servos non deseri a Domino suo. Unde autem scimus quid etiam per istas omnipotens et misericors Deus in ipsa terra barbarica fieri velit mirabilium suorum? Tantum non cessetis pro illis ingemiscere ad Deum, et quaerere quantum potestis, et quantum ipse permittit, cum tempus et facultatem dederit, quid de illis factum sit, vel quae vestra possint habere solatia. Nam de Sitifensi ante paucos annos Severi episcopi neptis sanctimonialis a barbaris ducta est, et per mirabilem Dei misericordiam cum honore magno suis parentibus restituta est. Domus enim illa barbarorum ubi captiva ingressa est, subita coepit dominorum infirmitate jactari, ita ut omnes ipsi barbari, tres nisi fallor, vel amplius fratres, periculosissima infirmitate laborarent. Quorum mater animadvertit puellam Deo deditam, et credidit quod ejus orationibus sui filii possent ab imminentis jam mortis periculo liberari; petivit ut oraret pro eis, pollicens quod, si salvi facti essent, eam suis parentibus redderent. Jejunavit illa et oravit, et exaudita continuo est. Ad hoc enim factum erat, quantum exitus docuit. Ita illi tam repentino Dei beneficio salute percepta, mirantes eam et honorantes, quod eorum mater promiserat impleverunt.

8. Ora ergo Deum pro eis, et roga ut etiam ipsas doceat talia dicere, qualia supra memoratus sanctus Azarias, inter caetera in oratione et confessione sua fudit ad Deum. Sic enim sunt illae in terra captivitatis suae, quomodo erant illi in ea terra, ubi nec sacrificare more suo poterant Domino, sicut nec istae possunt, vel ferre oblationem ad altare Dei, vel invenire ibi sacerdotem per quem offerant Deo. Donet ergo eis Dominus ut ei dicant, quod Azarias dixit in consequentibus 0427 precum suarum: Non est in hoc tempore princeps et propheta et dux, non holocausta, neque oblatio, neque supplicationes, nec locus ad sacrificandum in conspectu tuo, et invenire misericordiam; sed in anima contrita et spiritu humilitatis accipiamur. Sicut in holocaustomatibus arietum et taurorum, et in multitudine agnorum pinguium, sic fiat sacrificium nostrum in conspectu tuo hodie perficere subsequentes te, quoniam non erit confusio iis qui in te confidunt. Et nunc sequimur toto corde et timemus te, et quaerimus faciem tuam, Domine; ne confundas nos, sed fac nobiscum secundum mansuetudinem tuam, et secundum multitudinem misericordiae tuae, et libera nos secundum mirabilia tua, et da gloriam nomini tuo, Domine, et revereantur omnes, qui ostendunt servis tuis mala, et confundantur ab omnipotentia, et virtus eorum conteratur, et sciant quoniam tu es Dominus Deus solus et gloriosus in universo orbe terrae (Dan. III, 38-45).

9. Haec illis dicentibus, et ad Deum ingemiscentibus, omnino suis aderit qui suis adesse consuevit, et aut nihil earum castissimis membris libidine hostili perpetrari permittet; aut si permittet, non imputabit. Cum enim animus nulla consensionis turpitudine maculatur, etiam carnem suam defendit a crimine : et quidquid in ea nec commisit, nec permisit libido patientis, solius erit culpa facientis; omnisque illa violentia non pro corruptionis turpitudine, sed pro passionis vulnere deputabitur. Tantum enim in mente valet integritas castitatis, ut illa inviolata, nec in corpore possit pudicitia violari, cujus membra potuerint superari . Haec epistola pro tuo desiderio brevis, pro meis tamen occupationibus multum prolixa, et propter perlatoris festinationem nimis accelerata sufficiat charitati tuae. Multo uberius vos Dominus consolabitur, si Scripturas ejus intentissime legeritis.