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He has stopped the wickedness of these men, or rather, these are the preludes to the evils to come. For his own mother, who was already an old woman, when she hoped to reap the fruits of her child-rearing, a woman enjoying respect even among strangers on account of her age and her lineage, this woman he often spoke ill of, and often he even raised his hands against the one who bore him, O Zeus, respecting neither nature, nor time, nor her piteous gray hair, nor the loving name of mother, but even violently overturning her, he threw her to the ground, and kicked at her, while she cried out, as was natural, calling him her child. For what would a mother not say, after birth pangs and nourishment and those fine hopes, enduring such evils from her child? And finally, he drove her from the house, destitute, naked, deprived of necessities, perhaps granting this one favor, that he freed her from being with him. And now he revels in their misfortunes, while an old woman, and one holding the first rank of nobility among us, holds the hopes of her life in her hands. And to this good man, her suffering presented another misfortune, and being at a loss for his own sustenance, he took her in, increasing his poverty, yet he pays a necessary debt to nature. And now they are together, having one consolation, that they have not suffered more, but the mother, being a woman as you might expect and having suffered such things, has one life: to remember her own evils and to weep at the memory and to show her breast to Justice, recounting what she has suffered. Therefore, taking these things to mind and believing that we are adding nothing to the truth but are showing only the main points of his wickedness because of the occasion of this letter, measure your zeal against his wickedness, and become such a man as God demands of you, and the law of friendship, and the hope of the wronged. 7 To Philip, brother. You have been silent to us for a long time, and I cannot bear the matter. For consider, it was winter and we were not bearing it moderately, swallows appeared and not even with them did you speak, and now cicadas are singing and your silence to us is beyond expectation. If, then, this is due to grief, I do not know what I ever did to cause you grief, yet I do not think you could receive a greater punishment. But if you have changed from your former zeal to indifference, you wrong the law of kinship and transgress the ordinance of friendship. And if it is not difficult to say, someone might perhaps say you have become your own accuser. For in the very things for which you reproached us when we were silent, you yourself have been seen to be caught. And how could it be reasonable for the one who persuaded another to speak to take on the silence of the one who was persuaded? But it is time now to both call me a sophist and to jest with my speech. This is no matter at all, and whatever you may say, I will bear it moderately, if only I may hear you speak. 8 To Diodorus The report of your learning has filled our ears with such words as we had prayed for. For one described your zeal in advocacy, another marveled at your vigor in the courts, another your goodwill towards those who approach you, unless one happened to have done wrong. And I know this too from what I have heard, that seeing some who were very powerful but respected nothing of what is just, you breathed heavily against them and poured out praiseworthy reproach. And I, hearing these things, with different people recounting different things, became as if inspired by pleasure and, taking great pride in the reports, thought that I myself was being praised. I even expressed my gratitude to those who brought the news, just as those are accustomed to do who hear people praising them. While I was in this state and thinking these things, the good Orion approached and delivered the letter written to him from you, and he rejoiced with me in our friendship, as if thinking it a terrible thing if such a man as you were unknown to me. And I, having learned of you by experience after the report and what sort of man you have proven to be towards those in need, even if they are not present, you could not say how much I marveled, and I called him fortunate for having had the good fortune of your zeal. And as he also thought it right to receive a letter from me, by the memory of our friendship, to stir up your eagerness yet more, I called him simple-minded; for a man like you, naturally inclined to virtue, letters

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τούτων ἔστησε τὴν κακίαν, μᾶλλον δὲ προοίμια ταῦτα τῶν μελλόντων κακῶν. τὴν γὰρ ἑαυτοῦ μητέρα γραῦν ἤδη τυγχάνουσαν, ὅτε τῆς παιδοτροφίας ἤλπισε κομίσασθαι τοὺς καρποὺς γυνὴ καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν καὶ διὰ τὸ γένος καὶ παρὰ τοῖς μηδὲν προσήκουσιν αἰδοῦς ἀπολαύουσα, ταύτην πολλάκις μὲν εἶπε κακῶς, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ χεῖρας ἀνέτεινε κατὰ τῆς τεκούσης, ὦ Ζεῦ, οὐ φύσιν οὐ χρόνον οὐ πολιὰν ἐλεεινὴν οὐ τὸ τῆς μητρὸς αἰδεσθεὶς φιλάνθρωπον ὄνομα, ἀλλ' ἤδη καὶ βιαίως ἀνατρέψας εἰς γῆν κατέβαλε, καὶ λὰξ κατ' αὐτῆς ἐνήλατο, βοώσης οἷον εἰκὸς καὶ παῖδα καλούσης. καὶ τί γὰρ οὐκ ἂν εἴποι μήτηρ, μετ' ὠδῖνας καὶ τροφὴν καὶ τὰς καλὰς ἐκείνας ἐλπίδας τοιαῦτα παρὰ τοῦ παιδὸς ἀνα σχομένη κακά; τελευταῖον δὲ καὶ τῆς οἰκίας ταύτην ἀπήλασεν ἄπορον γυμ νὴν τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐστερημένην, ἓν ἴσως τοῦτο χαρισάμενος, ὅτι τοῦ συνεῖναι ταύτην ἀπήλλαξε. καὶ νῦν οὗτος μὲν ἐντρυφᾷ τοῖς τούτων κακοῖς, γυνὴ δὲ γραῦς καὶ τὰ πρῶτα φέρουσα τῆς παρ' ἡμῖν εὐγενείας, ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ τὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχει τοῦ βίου. τῷ δὲ χρηστῷ τῷδε καὶ τὸ ταύτης πάθος ἄλλη παρέστη συμφορά, καὶ πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν τροφὴν ἀπορούμενος ὑπεδέξατο ταύτην, ἐπιτείνουσαν μὲν αὐτῷ τὴν ἔνδειαν, ὅμως δ' ἀναγκαῖον χρέος ἐκτίνει τῇ φύσει. καὶ νῦν σύνεισιν ἀλλήλοις μίαν ἔχοντες παραμυθίαν ὅτι μὴ πλείω πεπόνθασιν, ἡ δὲ μήτηρ οἷα δήπου γυνὴ καὶ τοιαῦτα παθοῦσα, ἕνα βίον ἔχει τὸ μεμνῆσθαι τῶν ἑαυτῆς κακῶν καὶ δακρύειν ἐπὶ τῇ μνήμῃ καὶ τὴν θηλὴν ὑποδεικνύειν τῇ ∆ίκῃ, οἷα πέπονθε διηγουμένη. ταῦτα τοίνυν εἰς νοῦν λαβὼν καὶ μηδὲν ἡμᾶς προστιθέναι ταῖς ἀληθείαις νομίσας ἀλλὰ τὰ κεφάλαια μόνον δεικνύναι τῆς αὐτοῦ πονηρίας διὰ τὸν τῆς ἐπιστολῆς και ρόν, μέτρησόν σου τὴν σπουδὴν πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνου κακίαν, καὶ γενοῦ τοι οῦτος οἷόν σε θεὸς ἀπαιτεῖ καὶ φιλίας νόμος καὶ ἡ τῶν ἀδικουμένων ἐλπίς. 7 Φιλίππωι ἀδελφῶι Μακρὸν ἡμῖν ἐσίγησας χρόνον καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα φέρειν οὐκ ἔχω. σκόπει γάρ, χειμὼν ἦν καὶ οὐ μετρίως ἐφέρομεν, ὤφθησαν χελιδόνες καὶ οὐδὲ μετὰ τούτων ἐφθέγξω, καὶ νῦν ᾄδουσι τέττιγες καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδας ἡμῖν ἡ σιγή. εἰ μὲν οὖν πρὸς λύπην ταῦτα, ἀγνοῶ μὲν ὅ τί ποτε πράττων ἐλύπησα, ὅμως δ' οὐκ ἂν ὑμᾶς οἶμαι μείζω τιμωρίαν λαβεῖν. εἰ δὲ τῆς πάλαι σπουδῆς εἰς ῥαθυμίαν μετέστης, ἀδικεῖς μὲν συγγενείας νόμον, παραβαίνεις δὲ φιλίας θεσμόν. εἰ δὲ μὴ δυσχερὲς εἰπεῖν, τάχ' ἄν τίς σε φαίη καὶ σαυτοῦ κατήγορον γεγενῆσθαι. οἷς γὰρ ἡμῖν σιωπῶσιν ἐπέπληξας, τούτοις ὤφθης αὐτὸς ἁλισκόμενος. καὶ πῶς ἂν ἔχοι λόγον τὸν πεπεικότα λαλεῖν τὴν τοῦ πεισθέν τος μεταλαμβάνειν σιωπήν; ἀλλ' ὥρα λοιπὸν καὶ σοφιστήν με καλεῖν καὶ παίζειν ἅμα τῷ λόγῳ. οὐδὲν τοῦτο πρᾶγμα πάντως, καὶ ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃς, οἴσω μετρίως, εἰ φθεγγομένου μόνον ἀκούσομαι. 8 ∆ιοδώρωι Ἡ περὶ τῆς σῆς παιδεύσεως φήμη ὁποίων ηὐχόμεθα λόγων τὰς ἡμετέρας ἐνέπλησεν ἀκοάς. ὁ μὲν γὰρ τὴν τῆς συνηγορίας ἀφηγεῖτο σπουδήν, ὁ δὲ τὸ ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις εὔτονον ἀπεθαύμαζεν, ὁ δὲ τὴν περὶ τοὺς προσιόντας εὔνοιαν, πλὴν εἰ μή τις ἀδικήσας ἐτύγχανεν. οἶδα δὲ καὶ τόδε ἀκούσας, ὡς ὁρῶν τινας μέγα μὲν δυναμένους, θαυμάζοντας δὲ τῶν δικαίων μηδέν, πολὺς ἔπνευσας κατ' αὐτῶν καὶ λοιδορίαν ἐπαινουμένην κατέχεες. ἐγὼ δὲ τούτων ἀκούων, ἄλλων ἄλλα διηγουμένων, ὥσπερ ἔνθους ἐγενόμην ὑφ' ἡδονῆς καὶ μέγα τοῖς λόγοις φρονῶν ἐδόκουν αὐτὸς ἐπαινεῖσθαι, ἤδη δὲ καὶ χάριν ὡμολόγουν τοῖς ἀπαγγέλλουσιν, ὥσπερ εἰώθασιν οἱ τῶν αὐτοὺς ἐπαινούντων ἀκούοντες. οὕτω δὲ ἔχοντι καὶ λογιζομένῳ προσελθὼν ὁ καλὸς Ὠρίων τὴν παρ' ὑμῶν αὐτῷ γραφεῖσαν ἐπιστολὴν ἐπεδίδου, καί μοι τῆς φιλίας συνέχαιρεν, ὥσπερ δεινὸν ἡγούμενος εἰ λανθάνεις παρ' ἐμοὶ τοιοῦτος ὑπάρχων. ἐγὼ δέ σε μετὰ τὴν φήμην τῇ πείρᾳ μαθὼν καὶ οἷος περὶ τοὺς δεομένους, κἂν μὴ παρῶσι, καθέστηκας, οὐδ' ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοις ὅσον ἐθαύμασα, καὶ αὐτὸν ἀπεκάλουν εὐδαίμονα τὴν σὴν εὐτυχηκότα σπουδήν. ὡς δὲ καὶ γραμμάτων ἠξίου τυχεῖν παρ' ἐμοῦ τῇ τῆς φιλίας μνήμῃ τὴν σὴν προ θυμίαν ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐγειρόντων, εὐήθη τοῦτον ἐκάλουν· μὴ γὰρ ἄν σε πρὸς ἀρετὴν πεφυκότα καλῶς γραμμάτων