20. R. How as to Grammar itself? if it is true, is it not so far true as it is a discipline? For the name of Discipline signifies something to be learnt: but no one who has learned and who retains what he learns, can be said not to know; and no one knows falsities. Therefore every discipline and science is true. A. I see not what rashness there can be in assenting to this brief course of reasoning. But I am disturbed lest it should bring any one to suppose those dramas to be true; for these also we learn and retain. R. Was then our master unwilling that we should believe what he taught, and know it? A. Nay, he was thoroughly in earnest that we should know it. R. And did he, pray, ever set out to have us believe that Dædalus flew? A. That, indeed, never. But assuredly unless we remembered the poem, he took such order that we were scarcely able to hold anything in our hands. R. Do you then deny it to be true that there is such a poem, and that such a tradition is spread abroad concerning Dædalus? A. I do not deny this to be true. R. You do not then deny that you learned the truth, when you learned these things. For if it is true that Dædalus flew, and boys should receive and recite this as a feigning fable, they would be laying up falsities in mind by the very fact that the things were true which they recited. For from this results what we were admiring above, that there could not be a true fiction turning on the flight of Dædalus, unless it were false that Dædalus flew. A. I now grasp that; but what good is to come of it, I do not yet see. R. What, unless that that course of reasoning is not false, whereby we gather that a science, unless it is true, cannot be a science? A. And what does this signify? R. Because I wish to have you tell me on what the science of Grammar rests: for the truth of the science rests on that very principle which makes it a science. A. I know not what to answer thee. R. Does it not seem to you, that if nothing in it had been defined, and nothing distributed and distinguished into classes and parts, it could not in any wise be a true science? A. Now I grasp thy meaning: nor does the remembrance of any science whatever occur to me, in which definitions and divisions and processes of reasoning do not, inasmuch as it is declared what each thing is, as without confusion of parts its proper attributes are ascribed to each class, nothing peculiar to it being neglected, nothing alien to it admitted, perform that whole range of functions from which it has the name of Science. R. That whole range of functions therefore from which it has the name of true. A. I see this to be implied.

20. R. Quid ipsa grammatica? nonne si vera est, eo vera est quo disciplina est? Disciplina enim a discendo dicta est: nemo autem quae didicit ac tenet, nescire dici potest; et nemo scit falsa. Omnis ergo vera est disciplina. A. Non video quidem quid in ista ratiuncula temere concedatur. Movet me tamen ne per istam cuipiam videatur etiam illas fabulas veras esse; nam et has discimus et tenemus. R. Numquidnam magister noster nolebat nos credere quae docebat, et nosse? A. Imo vehementer ut nossemus instabat. R. Numquid aliquando institit ut Daedalum volasse crederemus? A. Hoc quidem nunquam. Sed plane nisi teneremus fabulam, vix nos posse aliquid manibus tenere faciebat. R. Tu ergo negas verum esse quod ista fabula sit, et quod ita sit Daedalus diffamatus? A. Hoc non nego verum esse. R. Non negas ergo te didicisse verum, cum ista didiceris. Nam si volasse Daedalum verum est, et hoc pueri pro ficta fabula acciperent atque redderent, eo ipso falsa retinerent, quo vera essent illa quae redderent. Hinc enim exstitit illud quod superius mirabamur, de volatu Daedali veram fabulam esse non potuisse, nisi Daedalum volasse falsum esset. A. Jam teneo istud; sed quid ex eo proficiamus exspecto. R. Quid, nisi non esse falsam illam rationem, qua collegimus disciplinam, nisi vera doceat, disciplinam esse non posse? A. Et hoc quid ad rem? R. Quia volo dicas mihi unde sit disciplina grammatica: inde enim vera est, unde disciplina est. A. Nescio quid tibi respondeam. R. Nonne tibi videtur, si nihil in ea definitum esset, et nihil in genera et partes distributum atque distinctum, eam nullo modo disciplinam esse potuisse? A. Jam intelligo quid dicas; nec ulla mihi occurrit cujusvis facies disciplinae, in qua non definitiones ac divisiones et ratiocinationes, dum quid quidque sit declaratur, dum sine confusione partium sua cuique redduntur, dum nihil praetermittitur proprium, nihil annumeratur alienum, totum hoc ipsum quo disciplina dicitur egerint. R. Ergo et totum ipsum quo 0895 vera dicitur. A. Video consequi.