Chap. xiv.—what the sacred history of euhemerus and ennius teaches concerning the gods.

Now, since the sacred history differs in some degree from those things which we have related, let us open those things which are contained in the true writings, that we may not, in accusing superstitions, appear to follow and approve of the follies of the poets. These are the words of Ennius: “Afterwards Saturn married Ops. Titan, who was older than Saturn, demands the kingdom for himself. Upon this their mother Vesta, and their sisters Ceres and Ops, advise Saturn not to give up the kingdom to his brother. Then Titan, who was inferior in person to Saturn, on that account, and because he saw that his mother and sisters were using their endeavours that Saturn might reign, yielded the kingdom to him. He therefore made an agreement with Saturn, that if any male children should be born to him, he would not bring them up. He did so for this purpose, that the kingdom might return to his own sons. Then, when a son was first born to Saturn, they slew him. Afterwards twins were born, Jupiter and Juno. Upon this they present Juno to the sight of Saturn, and secretly hide Jupiter, and give him to Vesta to be brought up, concealing him from Saturn. Ops also brings forth Neptune without the knowledge of Saturn, and secretly hides him. In the same manner Ops brings forth twins by a third birth, Pluto and Glauca. Pluto in Latin is Dispater; others call him Orcus. Upon this they show to Saturn the daughter Glauca, and conceal and hide the son Pluto. Then Glauca dies while yet young.” This is the lineage of Jupiter and his brothers, as these things are written, and the relationship is handed down to us after this manner from the sacred narrative. Also shortly afterwards he introduces these things: “Then Titan, when he learned that sons were born to Saturn, and secretly brought up, secretly takes with him his sons, who are called Titans, and seizes his brother Saturn and Ops, and encloses them within a wall, and places over them a guard.”  

The truth of this history is taught by the Erythræan Sibyl, who speaks almost the same things, with a few discrepancies, which do not affect the subject-matter itself. Therefore Jupiter is freed from the charge of the greatest wickedness, according to which he is reported to have bound his father with fetters; for this was the deed of his uncle Titan, because he, contrary to his promise and oath, had brought up male children. The rest of the history is thus put together. It is said that Jupiter, when grown up, having heard that his father and mother had been surrounded with a guard and imprisoned, came with a great multitude of Cretans, and conquered Titan and his sons in an engagement, and rescued his parents from imprisonment, restored the kingdom to his father, and thus returned into Crete. Then, after these things, they say that an oracle was given to Saturn, bidding him to take heed lest his son should expel him from the kingdom; that he, for the sake of weakening the oracle and avoiding the danger, laid an ambush for Jupiter to kill him; that Jupiter, having learned the plot, claimed the kingdom for himself afresh, and banished Saturn; and that he, when he had been tossed over all lands, followed by armed men whom Jupiter had sent to seize or put him to death, scarcely found a place of concealment in Italy.  

CAPUT XIV. Quid de diis Euhemeri et Ennii doceat sacra historia.

Nunc quoniam ab iis, quae retulimus, aliquantulum sacra Historia dissentit, aperiamus ea quae veris litteris continentur, ne poetarum ineptias in accusandis religionibus sequi ac probare videamur. Haec Ennii verba sunt: «Exin Saturnus uxorem duxit Opem. Titan, qui major natu erat, postulat ut ipse regnaret. Ibi Vesta mater eorum, et sorores Ceres atque Ops, suadent Saturno, ut de regno non concedat fratri. Ibi Titan, qui facie deterior esset, quam Saturnus, idcirco et quod videbat matrem atque sorores suas 0190B operam dare ut Saturnus regnaret, concessit ei ut is regnaret. Itaque pactus est cum Saturno, uti si quid liberum virilis sexus ei natum esset, ne educaret. Id ejus rei causa fecit, uti ad suos gnatos regnum rediret. Tum Saturno filius qui primus natus est, eum necaverunt. Deinde posterius nati sunt gemini, Jupiter atque Juno. Tum Junonem Saturno in conspectum dedere, atque Jovem clam abscondunt, dantque eum Vestae educandum, celantes Saturnum. Item Neptunum clam Saturno Ops parit, eumque clanculum abscondit. Ad eumdem modum tertio partu Ops parit geminos, Plutonem et Glaucam. Pluto Latine est Dispater: alii Orcum vocant. Ibi Glaucam filiam Saturno ostendunt, ac filium Plutonem celant atque 0190C abscondunt. Deinde Glauca parva emoritur.» Haec 0191A (ut scripta sunt) 0191A Jovis fratrumque ejus stirps, atque cognatio in hunc modum nobis ex sacra scriptione tradita est. Item paulo post haec infert: «Deinde Titan, postquam rescivit Saturno filios procreatos, atque educatos esse clam, seducit secum filios suos qui Titani vocantur, fratremque suum Saturnum, atque Opem comprehendit, eosque muro circumegit, et custodiam his apponit.»

Haec historia quam vera sit, docet Sibylla Erythraea, eadem fere dicens; nisi quod in paucis, quae ad rem non pertinent, discrepat. Jupiter ergo liberatur summi sceleris crimine, quod patrem vinxisse compedibus perhibetur: id enim Titan patruus fecit quod ille contra pactionem jusque jurandum mares liberos sustulisset. Reliqua historia sic contexitur: 0191B Jovem adultum, cum audisset patrem atque matrem custodiis circumseptos, atque in vincula conjectos, venisse cum magna Cretensium multitudine, Titanumque ac filios ejus pugnando vicisse, parentes vinculis exemisse, patri regnum reddidisse, atque ita in Cretam remeasse: Post haec deinde Saturno datam sortem, ut caveret ne filius eum regno expelleret: illum elevandae sortis atque effugiendi periculi gratia, insidiatum Jovi, ut eum necaret: Jovem, cognitis 0192A insidiis, regnum sibi denuo vindicasse, ac fugasse Saturnum, qui, cum jactatus esset per omnes terras, persequentibus armatis, quos ad eum comprehendendum vel necandum Jupiter miserat, vix in Italia locum, in quo lateret, invenit.