Chap. XXXVII.—Of Socrates and His Contradiction.

After him Socrates held the first place in philosophy, who was pronounced most wise even by the oracle, because he confessed that he knew one thing only,—namely, that he knew nothing. And on the authority of this oracle it was right that the natural philosophers should restrain themselves, lest they should either inquire into those things which they could not know, or should think that they knew things which they did not know. Let us, however, see whether Socrates was most wise, as the Pythian god proclaimed. He often made use of this proverb, that that which is above us has also no reference to us. He has now passed beyond the limits of his opinion. For he who said that he knew one thing only, found another thing to speak of, as though he knew it; but that in vain. For God, who is plainly above us, is to be sought for; and religion is to be undertaken, which alone separates us from the brutes, which indeed Socrates not only rejected, but even derided, in swearing by a goose and a dog, as if in truth he could not have sworn by Æsculapius, to whom he had vowed a cock. Behold the sacrifice of a wise man! And because he was unable to offer this in his own person, since he was at the point of death, he entreated his friends to perform the vow after his death, lest forsooth he should be detained as a debtor in the lower regions. He assuredly both pronounced that he knew nothing, and made good his statement.1482    [Other and more creditable explanations are given. Socrates recognized the rites of his countrymen. See Tayler Lewis in a noble chapter, Plato, etc., p. 250.]    

CAPUT XXXVII. (Div. Inst. lib. III, c. 18 et 20.) 1045A De Socrate, ac ejus contradictione.

Post hunc Socrates philosophiae tenuit principatum, sapientissimus etiam oraculo dictus, quia se fatebatur unum scire, quod nihil sciret. Cujus Oraculi auctoritate abstinere se physicos 1045A oportebat, ne aut quaererent ea quae scire non poterant, aut scire se putarent quae ignorabant. Videamus tamen an sapientissimus Socrates, sicut Pythius praedicavit. Usurpabat hoc saepe proverbium, quod supra nos idem et nihil ad nos pertinere. Jam excessit sententiae suae terminos. Nam qui unum se scire dicebat, aliud invenit quod tanquam sciens diceret; sed id frustra. Nam et Deus, qui utique supra nos est, quaerendus est, et 1045B religio suscipienda, quae sola nos discernit a belluis: quam quidem Socrates non modo repudiavit, verum etiam derisit, per anserem canemque jurando; quasi vero per Aesculapium non posset, cui voverat gallum? En sapientis viri sacrificium. Et quia eum prosecrare ipse non potuit, amicos moriturus oravit, ut post se solverent votum, scilicet ne apud inferos velut debitor teneretur. Hic profecto et pronuntiavit, quod nihil scierit, et probavit.