Chapter XXVIII.—Examples from the Old Testament, Balaam, Moses, and Hezekiah, to Show How Completely the Instruction and Conduct of Christ2299    As narrated by St. Luke xii. 1–21. Are in Keeping with the Will and Purpose of the Creator.

Justly, therefore, was the hypocrisy of the Pharisees displeasing to Him, loving God as they did with their lips, but not with their heart.  “Beware,” He says to the disciples, “of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy,” not the proclamation of the Creator. The Son hates those who refused obedience2300    Contumaces. to the Father; nor does He wish His disciples to show such a disposition towards Him—not (let it be observed) towards another god, against whom such hypocrisy indeed might have been admissible, as that which He wished to guard His disciples against. It is the example of the Pharisees which He forbids. It was in respect of Him against whom the Pharisees were sinning that (Christ) now forbade His disciples to offend. Since, then, He had censured their hypocrisy, which covered the secrets of the heart, and obscured with superficial offices the mysteries of unbelief, because (while holding the key of knowledge) it would neither enter in itself, nor permit others to enter in, He therefore adds, “There is nothing covered that shall not be revealed; neither hid, which shall not be known,”2301    Luke xii. 2. in order that no one should suppose that He was attempting the revelation and the recognition of an hitherto unknown and hidden god. When He remarks also on their murmurs and taunts, in saying of Him, “This man casteth out devils only through Beelzebub,” He means that all these imputations would come forth to the light of day, and be in the mouths of men in consequence of the promulgation of the Gospel.  He then turns to His disciples with these words, “I say unto you, my friends, Be not afraid of them which can only kill the body, and after that have no more power over you.”2302    Luke xii. 4. They will, however, find Isaiah had already said, “See how the just man is taken away, and no man layeth it to heart.”2303    Isa. lvii. 1. “But I will show you whom ye shall fear: fear Him who, after He hath killed, hath power to cast into hell” (meaning, of course, the Creator); “yea, I say unto you, fear Him.”2304    Luke xii. 5. Now, it would here be enough for my purpose that He forbids offence being given to Him whom He orders to be feared; and that He orders Him to be respected2305    Demereri. whom He forbids to be offended; and that He who gives these commands belongs to that very God for whom He procures this fear, this absence of offence, and this respect. But this conclusion I can draw also from the following words: “For I say unto you, Whosoever shall confess me before men, him will I also confess before God.”2306    Luke xii. 8. Now they who shall confess Christ will have to be slain2307    Occidi habebunt. before men, but they will have nothing more to suffer after they have been put to death by them. These therefore will be they whom He forewarns above not to be afraid of being only killed; and this forewarning He offers, in order that He might subjoin a clause on the necessity of confessing Him: “Every one that denieth me before men shall be denied before God”2308    Luke xii. 9.—by Him, of course, who would have confessed him, if he had only confessed God.  Now, He who will confess the confessor is the very same God who will also deny the denier of Himself. Again, if it is the confessor who will have nothing to fear after his violent death,2309    Post occisionem. it is the denier to whom everything will become fearful after his natural death. Since, therefore, that which will have to be feared after death, even the punishment of hell, belongs to the Creator, the denier, too, belongs to the Creator. As with the denier, however, so with the confessor: if he should deny God, he will plainly have to suffer from God, although from men he had nothing more to suffer after they had put him to death.  And so Christ is the Creator’s, because He shows that all those who deny Him ought to fear the Creator’s hell.  After deterring His disciples from denial of Himself, He adds an admonition to fear blasphemy: “Whosoever shall speak against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him; but whosoever shall speak against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him.”2310    Luke xii. 10. Now, if both the remission and the retention of sin savour of a judicial God, the Holy Ghost, who is not to be blasphemed, will belong to Him, who will not forgive the blasphemy; just as He who, in the preceding passage, was not to be denied, belonged to, Him who would, after He had killed, also cast into hell. Now, since it is Christ who averts blasphemy from the Creator, I am at a loss to know in what manner His adversary2311    So full of blasphemy, as he is, against the Creator. could have come. Else, if by these sayings He throws a black cloud of censure2312    Infuscat. over the severity of Him who will not forgive blasphemy and will kill even to hell, it follows that the very spirit of that rival god may be blasphemed with impunity, and his Christ denied; and that there is no difference, in fact, between worshipping and despising him; but that, as there is no punishment for the contempt, so there is no reward for the worship, which men need expect. When “brought before magistrates,” and examined, He forbids them “to take thought how they shall answer;” “for,” says He, “the Holy Ghost shall teach you in that very hour what ye ought to say.”2313    Luke xii. 11, 12. If such an injunction2314    Documentum. as this comes from the Creator, the precept will only be His by whom an example was previously given. The prophet Balaam, in Numbers, when sent forth by king Balak to curse Israel, with whom he was commencing war, was at the same moment2315    Simul. filled with the Spirit. Instead of the curse which he was come to pronounce, he uttered the blessing which the Spirit at that very hour inspired him with; having previously declared to the king’s messengers, and then to the king himself, that he could only speak forth that which God should put into his mouth.2316    Num. xxii.–xxiv. The novel doctrines of the new Christ are such as the Creator’s servants initiated long before! But see how clear a difference there is between the example of Moses and of Christ.2317    A Marcionite objection. Moses voluntarily interferes with brothers2318    “Two men of the Hebrews.”—A.V. who were quarrelling, and chides the offender:  “Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow?”  He is, however, rejected by him:  “Who made thee a prince or a judge over us?”2319    Ex. ii. 13, 14. Christ, on the contrary, when requested by a certain man to compose a strife between him and his brother about dividing an inheritance, refused His assistance, although in so honest a cause. Well, then, my Moses is better than your Christ, aiming as he did at the peace of brethren, and obviating their wrong.  But of course the case must be different with Christ, for he is the Christ of the simply good and non-judicial god. “Who,” says he, “made me a judge over you?”2320    Luke xii. 13, 14. No other word of excuse was he able to find, without using2321    Ne uteretur. that with which the wicked, man and impious brother had rejected2322    Excusserat. Oehler interprets the word by temptaverat. the defender of probity and piety! In short, he approved of the excuse, although a bad one, by his use of it; and of the act, although a bad one, by his refusal to make peace between brothers. Or rather, would He not show His resentment2323    Nunquid indigne tulerit. at the rejection of Moses with such a word?  And therefore did He not wish in a similar case of contentious brothers, to confound them with the recollection of so harsh a word? Clearly so.  For He had Himself been present in Moses, who heard such a rejection—even He, the Spirit of the Creator.2324    This is an instance of the title “Spirit” being applied to the divine nature of the Son. See Bp. Bull’s Def. Nic. Fid. (by the translator). [See note 13, p. 375, supra.] I think that we have already, in another passage,2325    Above, chap. xv. of this book, p. 369, supra. sufficiently shown that the glory of riches is condemned by our God, “who putteth down the mighty from their throne, and exalts the poor from the dunghill.”2326    Comp. 1 Sam. ii. 8 with Ps. cxiii. 7 and Luke i. 52. From Him, therefore, will proceed the parable of the rich man, who flattered himself about the increase of his fields, and to Whom God said: “Thou fool, this night shall they require thy soul of thee; then whose shall those things be which thou hast provided?”2327    Luke xii. 16–20. It was just in the like manner that the king Hezekiah heard from Isaiah the sad doom of his kingdom, when he gloried, before the envoys of Babylon,2328    Apud Persas. in his treasures and the deposits of his precious things.2329    Isa. xxxix.

CAPUT XXVIII.

Merito itaque non placebat illi hypocrisis Pharisaeorum, labiis scilicet amantium Deum, non corde: Cavete, inquit (Luc, XII) discipulis, a fermento Pharisaeo rum, quod est hypocrisis, non praedicatio Creatoris. Odit contumaces Patris Filius; non vult suos tales existere in illum: non in alium, in quem hypocrisis fuisset admissa, cujus exemplum a discipulis caveretur. 0430B Ita Pharisaeorum prohibet exemplum: in eum prohibebat illud admitti, in quem admittebant Pharisaei. Igitur quoniam hypocrisim eorum taxarat, utique celantem occulta cordis, et incredulitatis secreta superficialibus officiis obumbrantem; quae clavem agnitionis habens, nec ipsa introiret, nec alios sineret; ideo adjicit: Nihil autem opertum, quod non patefiet; et nihil absconditum, quod non dignoscetur; ne quis existimet illum Dei ignoti retro et occulti, revelationem et adagnitionem intentare, cum subjiciat etiam quae inter se mussitarent vel tractarent, scilicet super ipso dicentes: Hic non expellit daemonia nisi in Beelzebule, in apertum processura, et in ore hominum futura, ex Evangelii promulgatione. Deinde conversus ad discipulos: Dico autem, 0430C inquit, vobis amicis meis , nolite terreri ab eis qui vos solummodo occidere possunt, nec post hoc ullam in vobis habent potestatem. Sed iis erit Esaias praedicens (Is., LVII, 1): Vide quomodo justus aufertur, et nemo advertit. Demonstrabo autem vobis quem timeatis: timete eum, qui postquam occiderit, potestatem habet mittendi in gehennam; Creatorem utique significans . Itaque dico vobis, hunc timete. Et hoc in loco sufficeret mihi, si, quem timeri jubet, offendi vetat; et quem offendi vetat, demereri jubet; et qui haec mandat, ipsius est, cui timendo, et non offendendo, et demerendo procurat. Sed habeo et de sequentibus sumere: Dico enim vobis, Omnis qui confitebitur in me coram hominibus, confitebor in illo coram Deo. Qui confitebuntur autem in Christo, occidi habebunt coram 0430D hominibus, nihil utique amplius passuri post occisionem ab illis. Hi ergo erunt quos supra praemonet, ne timeant tantummodo occidi; ideo praemittens non timendam occisionem, ut subjungeret substruendam 0431A confessionem: Et omnis qui negaverit me coram hominibus, denegabitur coram Deo; ab eo utique qui illum confitentem confessurus fuisset. Si enim confessorem confitebitur, ipse est qui et negatorem negabit. Porro, si confessor est, cui nihil timendum est post occisionem, negator erit cui timendum est etiam post mortem. Itaque cum Creatoris sit quod timendum est post mortem, gehennae scilicet poena, et negator ergo Creatoris est. Si autem et negator, et confessor, qui post occisionem nihil ab homine passurus est, a Deo plane passurus si negaret, atque ita Christus Creatoris est, qui ostendit negatores suos Creatoris gehennam timere debere. Post deterritam itaque negationem, sequitur et blasphemiae formidandae admonitio: Qui dixerit in filium hominis, remittetur 0431B illi; qui autem dixerit in Spiritum Sanctum, non remittetur ei. Quod si jam remissio et retentio delicti judicem Deum sapiunt, hujus erit Spiritus Sanctus non blasphemandus, non remissuri scilicet blasphemiam; sicut et supra non negandus, occisuri scilicet etiam in gehennam. Quod si et blasphemiam Christus a Creatore avertit, quomodo adversarius ei venerit, non scio. Aut si et per haec severitatem ejus infuscat, non remissuri blasphemiam, et occisuri etiam in gehennam, superest ut et illius diversi Dei impune et Spiritus blasphemetur, et Christus negetur, et nihil intersit de cultu ejus, deve contemptu; et sicut de contemptu nulla poena, ita et de cultu nulla speranda sit merces. Perductos ad potestates, prohibet ad interrogationem cogitare de responsione: 0431C Sanctus enim, inquit, Spiritus docebit vos ipsa hora quid eloqui debeatis . Si ejusmodi documentum Creatoris est, ejus erit et praeceptum, cujus praecessit exemplum. Balaam prophetes in Arithmis (Num. XXII) arcessitus a rege Balach ad maledicendum Israelem, cum quo praelium inibat, simul Spiritu implebatur; non ad quam venerat maledictionem, sed quam illi ipsa hora Spiritus suggerebat, benedictionem pronuntiabat, ante professus apud nuntios regios , mox etiam apud ipsum, id se pronuntiaturum quod Deus ori ejus indidisset. Hae sunt novae doctrinae novi Christi, quas olim famuli Creatoris initiaverunt. Ecce plane diversum exemplum Moysi et Christi . Moyses rixantibus fratribus ultro intercedit , injuriosum increpat: Quid proximum 0432A tuum percutis? Et rejicitur ab illo: Quis te constituit magistrum aut judicem super nos? Christus vero postulatus a quodam, ut inter illum et fratrem ipsius de dividunda haereditate componeret, operam suam, et quidem tam probae caussae, denegavit. Jam ergo melior Moyses meus Christo tuo, fratrum paci studens, injuriae occurrens. Sed enim optimi et non judicis Dei Christus: Quis me, inquit, judicem constituit super vos? Aliam vocem excusationis invenire non potuit, ne ea uteretur qua improbus vir, et impius frater assertorem probitatis atque pietatis excusserat. Denique probavit malam vocem, utendo ea, et malum factum, pacis inter fratres componendae declinatione. Aut numquid indigne tulerit, hoc dicto fugatum Moysen? ideoque in caussa pari disceptantium 0432B fratrum, voluit illos commemoratione ejusdem dicti confudisse? Plane ita. Ipse enim tunc fuerat in Moyse, qui talia audierat, spiritus scilicet Creatoris. Puto jam alibi satis commendasse nos divitiarum gloriam damnari a Deo nostro, ipsos dynastas detrahente de solio, et pauperes allevante de sterquilinio (Ps. CXII, 13). Ab eo ergo erit et parabola divitis blandientis sibi de proventu agrorum suorum, cui Deus dicit: Stulte, hac nocte animam tuam reposcent: quae autem parasti, cujus erunt? Sic denique rex de gazis et apothecis deliciarum suarum apud Persas gloriatus, per Esaiam male audivit (Is. XXXIX).